Lĩnh vực nghiên cứu hán nôm nhìn từ bối cảnh đầu thế kỷ XXI

LINH VlTC NGHIEN ClTU HAN NOM NHIN Tir BOI CANH DAU THE KY XXI NGUYEN TUAN CU'ONG* Tom tdt: Kho tdi lieu Han Nfim vfin dirpc bao the he ngudi Viet ke tiep tgo tdc va gin giu ttt lau ddi, da trd thdnh von quy cua dan tfic Viec khai thac kho di sdn (heritage) de trd tai sdn (property) ciia dan toe la nhiem vu cua cac nha nghien cttu Han Nom hien Bai viet ndy phac hoa mpt so yeu cdu ve chuyen mfin cd tinh chdt duong dai dat doi vdi nhiing ngirdi lam cong tac Han Nom hien nay, Bai viet nhan manh, nganh Han Nom hien can can ctt tren ca sd khang dinh va kl thtta tiru cita cac thl hfi di trude, dfi tao da thuc hifin tfit cac cfing viec thudng xuyen va cap bach, dfing thdi luu y phdt trien theo hudng chuyen mfin hod, xa hoi hoa, quoc te hoa va tin hpc hoa Nganh Han Nom can ganh vdc stt menh trd nhjp cau trung chuyen giOa qua khtt, hien tai va tirong lai, phue vu phat trien ben vung Tdkhod: Han Nom, chuyen mon hod, xa hpi hod, quoc te hoa, tin hpc hod Abstract: Being created and preserved by generations of Vietnamese people, the SinoNom archive has become a precious treasure of Viemam It is a task ofthe present SinoNom researchers to explore this "heritage" to make it become a "property" of the nation This article figures out some contemporary requirements to those who are today working in the field of Sino-Nom studies The article emphasizes, this field needs to base on appreciating and inheriting the achivements ofthe previous generations of researchers, in order to work on frequent and urgent tasks, also leads the way into specialization, socialization, internationalization, computerization The field of Sino-Nom studies should shoulder the mission of becoming a connecting bridge between the past, the present, and the future, to contribute to the achievement of sustainable development Keywordi': Sino-Nom, specialization, socialization, internationalization, computerization Han Nom: ttt di san den fai san nx • , - , ,r-~ XT Boi canh ngu vdn a Viet Nam Lt • -1 I - J • u ' L ' Tu thai tien hien dai kha phue tap John DeFrancis cho rang ve mat chu luu tttng tfin tgi trfin lanh thfi Viet Nam ba ngon ngtt (tifing Vi?t, tifing Han, ti^ng P^dp), bfin vdn tu (chu Hdn, chtt Nfim, chtt Qudc ngtt, chtt Phap), , , / , , , , ; : ' va CO the chia giai doan dfi - , ,• i ~ _ ,,., ' phan ki lich stt ngtt van Viet Nam trude ndm 1945* TS Vifin Nghifin cuu Hdn Ndm NGUYiN TUAN CUONG T ^ CHI HAN NOM SO (141) - 2017 van tu- Ng&n ngu' Giai (to^n Th6'i gian Thiic d3n Tmng Qu6c lllTCN-939 (Vijt, Hin) (Han) Ddc lip quan chu 939-1651 (Vift Han) (Han, Nom) D9C lip quan chu, phan lap Cong giao 1651-1861 (Viet, Hin) (Han, Nom, Quoc ngit) Thuc dSn Phap 1861-1945' (ViSt, Hin, Phip) (Han, Nom, Qudc ngtt, Phip) Vfi mat vdn tu, nhin vdo sir phan ki trfin, cd the thay chtt Han va chtt Ndm la hai logi van tu tfin tai ldu nhdt d Vifit Nam Tu lieu khdo cd cho bifit, chtt Han rdt cd the da truyfin nhdp Viet Nam mupn nhat Id vdo khodng thdi gian trade sau thdi diem bdt ddu Cdng nguyen, cung vdi qud trinh nguoi Trung Hoa xdm chifim khu vyc ma la mien Bdc Viet Nam^ Nhu vay, ttt khoang the ki I trade Cfing nguyfin cho dfin ntta dau thfi ki XX, chtt Han vd tifing Han (van ngdn) lien tue ddng vai tro quan ttpng tren lanh thd Vifit Nam khodng thifin nifin ki Chu Nfim xuat hifin khodng ttt thfi ki XI-XII va tfin tgi song hanh vdi chtt Han dfin ntta ddu thfi ki XX, mac du mfii tradng hdnh chtte giua hai logi van tu khfing hodn toan trttng vdi nhau: chu Hdn thudng dung hanh chi'nh, giao due, vdn chuorng; chu Nom thuong dung van chuong"* Dfin ddu thfi ki XVII chtt Qufic ngtt mdi xudt hien^ ban ddu chi stt dimg npi bo khfii Cong giao trfin lanh thfi Viet Nam, dfin ntta cufii thfi ki XIX moi bdf ddu phd bifin tren bao chuong d Nam ky, va sau la Bdc kJ' va Trang ky Tifing Phap tuong doi bifin d Viet Nam khoang giai doan ttt nua cuoi thfi ki XIX dfin ntta ddu thfi ki XX, nhung chtt yfiu tdn tgi he thfing hanh chinh, giao due ctta nguoi Phdp vd gidi tri thttc tinh hoa Phap hpc ngudi Viet Kfi ttt ndm 1945 trd di, bdi canh ngu van chi'nh thfing da don gian hon, chi cdn tifing Viet vd chtt Qufic ngtt dugc stt dung mot each chinh thuc trfin toan lanh thd Vifit Nam vdi tu each ngfin ngu va van tu phfi thfing (d day chua kfi ngdn ngtt va vdn ty ctta cac ddn tdc thifiu sfi) Thdi gian ton tgi d Viet Nam ctta chu Han (khoang 2000 nam) vd chtt Nom (khodng 1000 nam) da khifin cho hai he thdng van tu trd cdng cy ghi chep chu dao cho nguoi Viet Nam xua, tao nen "di san Han Nfim" cua nay, tttc he thfing di sdn van cua ddn tfic Viet Nam (d day tgm thdi chua kfi den cdc logi hinh vdn tu ddn toe khac ctta Viet Nam) Hifin nay, chi rieng tgi Vifin Nghifin ciiu Han Nfim (vifit tdt: Vifin NCHN) da luu tru gdn 35.000 tap sach dong rdi va gdn 70.000 thdc ban van bia (sd Hfiu cap nhgt gitta ndm 2016) Dd chua kfi nhiing tdi li?u khdc dugc Iim tru mOt sd don vi luu trtt vd thu vien nude cttng nhu nude ngoai (Phap, Nhat, Tnmg Qudc, Dai Loan, Anh, MT, Thai Lan ), ddng thdi cdn Iim lac dan gian md chung ta LlNH v y c NGHIEN CVV HAN NOM hifin chua cd each nao bifit chinh xac Tuyfit dai da sfi tri thttc va kinh nghidm ma cha dng ta da due kfit thoi tien hifin dai dugc the hi?n he thdng di sdn Han Nom Vi vay, dtt mudn nghifin cuu bat ki ITnh vyc ndo thuoc ve qua khtt Vift Nam, tu van hoc, trifit hpc, tfin giao, lich stt, dia Ii, khoa hpc tu nhifin , dfiu khdng thfi tdeh rdi di sdn Han Ndm Nhung ndm gdn day, trung binh mfii ndm Vifin NCHN ddn khoang 1.500-2.000 lugt ddc gia tdi dgc tai lifiu, cd khoang 150 lugt dfic gia nude ngoai Di sdn Han Ndm trd tai sdn qu^ gid ctta khfing chi dan tfic Viet Nam, dugc nguoi Viet Nam nang niu quy trgng, md di san cdn da va dang dugc cdc hpc gia qufic tfi quan tdm, nghifin cuu va khai thac Sy quan tam chung ctta hpc gid nude vd qudc tfi vdi di san Han Ndm lam cho nd khfing chi la "di san" (heritage) cua qua khtt ntta, md trd "tai san" (property), tttc la tgo gid tri ddi sdng hifin tgi va tucmg lai Cac don vi nghien ciru, d^o tao vd luru trir Han Ndm hifin 2.L Viin Nghiin cdu Hdn Nom' Kfi ttt tiep xuc vdi phuong Tay, Viet Nam ddn chuyfin sang chinh thuc stt dung chiJ- Qufic ngu vdi tu each la Ioai hinh v5r tu quan phucng ctta qufic gia Chft Han va chtt Nom dan khong cdn dugc stt dung nua, rdi trd thdnh di san Viec chuydn sang stt dyng chft Qudc ngft mdc dtt tgo da thuan Ipi cho su phat trifin chung cua ddt nude ta ke ttt giai doan dau thfi ki XX, nhung cung dfi lai su dut gay vdn hoa Idn nhat lich stt ddn tgc, tinh cho d^n thoi difim ndy Vi sao? Vi ngudi Vifit Nam hifin dgi khong cdn kha nang doc hifiu cac van ban Han Ndm cua cha dng xua, khfing bifit cac hoanh phi cau dfii ttfin cdc di tich vifit ngi dung gi, khdng giai ma dugc cdc thdng diep ngtt vdn ctta cd nhan Su dttt gay van hoa khifin cho chung ta cd nguy ca trd "nhung ngudi xa la trfin chinh que huong minh", nhu nguoi ta hay ndi mgt each van vfi Tinh hinh ay ddt cho chttng ta nhifim vy cap thiet la phdi bdo tdn vd khai thdc kho di sdn Han Ndm ndi tren, dfi phyc vu sy phat trien ctta nen vdn hod Vifit Nam vtta gitt dugc ban sac dan tgc, vtta cd kha nang hdi nhap vdi the gidi duong dgi Xudt phat ttt yfiu cdu va nhifim vu trfin, nam 1970, Ban Han Ndm thufic Uy ban Khoa hgc xa hpi Viet Nam (tifin than cua Vifin Han Iam Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam) dugc thdnh lap Ban dd quy ty dugc nhifiu hpc gid uyfin bdc thude thfi hfi cdc nha Han hgc khoa ctt cudi cttng ctta Viet Nam, dd Id cac hpc gid Phgm Thifiu, Thach Can, Cao Xuan Huy, Hoa Bdng, Ddo Phucmg Binh, Ca Van Thinh, Nguyen Ddng Chi cttng cac cgng tac vifin Tran Duy Vfin, Lfi Duy Chudng, Nguyfin Hftu Chfi, Nguyen Vdn Lang, Le Xudn Hod Dfin 13/9/1979, Vifin NCHN dugc thdnh lap trfin ca sd Ban Han Ndm, theo Quyet dinh sd 326/CP ctta Hfii ddng Chinh phu va dugc tai khang dinh true thugc Trung tdm Khoa hgc xa hdi va Nhan van Quoc gia (cung la tien than ctta Vien Han !am Khoa hpc xa hgi Viet Nam) theo Nghi dinh sd 23/CP ngdy 22/5/1993 cua Chinh phu Vifn NCHN trd thdnh den vi quan trgng TA.? CHi HAN NOM SO (141) - 2017 nhdt d Viet Nam thyc hifin nhifm vu suu tdm, bdo qudn, khai thac, nghifin cttu, va ddo tgo Han Nfim Hien nay, Vifin cd gdn 80 cdn bfi vifin chtte dang dong gdp cfing sttc cho cdng vific chung ctta don vi Ca cdu phan phdng tu lap Vien da trai qua nhifiu Idn thay ddi^, ttt nam 2000 dfin vib gift CO cau gom 13 phdng hoac tuang duang, eu the: phdng thugc khoi nghien ciru la Phdng Nghifin cttu vdn bdn Nfim, Phong Nghien cttu van khdc Hdn Ndm, Phong Nghien cuu vdn ban vdn hgc, Phong Nghifin cttu van ban lich stt vd dia Ii, Phdng Nghifin cttu van bdn lugt va tdn giao; phdng thufic khoi tir lieu la Phdng Suu tdm, Phong Bao qudn, Phong Thfing tm thu vifin, Phdng iTng dimg cdng nghfi tin hgc, Trung tdm Phyc chfi vd tu bd van bdn Han Ndm; phdng thugc khoi chirc ndng^ Id Phfing C^dn li khoa hpc vd Hgp tac qudc tfi, Phdng Td chtte Hdnh dunh; cudi cttng Id Phdng Bien tap - Trt su true thuOc Vien NCHN, Idm nhiem vy xuat bdn td Tgp chi Hdn Ndm^^ Hien nay, la mgt dan vj true thugc Vifin Hdn ldm Khoa hpc xa hfii Viet Nam (VASS), Vifin NCHN dang thuc hien ba chtte ndng chtt yeu Id nghiin cuu ddo tgo, va tu vdn chinh sack lifin quan den ITnh vyc Han Ndm va van hoa trayfin thfing 2.2 Cdc dan vi nghiin cdu, ddo tao vd luu trd Hdn Nom khdc Ngodi CO quan trung tam la Vifin NCHN nhu trinh bay trfin, hifin cdn mgt sfi don vi Iam nhifm vy nghien cttu, dao tgo, luu trtt Han Nfim ca nude Ve phia cdc don vi giao dye chinh quy, cd mgt so trung tam dao tao chuyfin NGUYiN TUAN CU^NG gia Han Nfim nhu: (1) Bfi mdn Han Nfim thufic Khoa Van hgc, Traong Dgi hpc Khoa hgc Xa hfii va Nhan van, Dai hgc Qufic gia Ha Ndi; la don vi cd bfi day thdnh tich Idn nhdt vific dao tao Han Nfim, day la don vi nhat hifin dang dao tgo ca trinh Cu nhdn, Thac sT, Tifin sT cho nganh Han Nom"; (2) Tfi Han Nfim thugc Khoa Ngtt van, Dai hpc Su phgm Hd Ngi; dao tao Thac sT va Tien sT; (3) Khoa Han Nfim thupe Hgc Vifin Khoa hgc xa h^i, Vifn Han lam Khoa hgc xd hdi Viet Nam; ddo tgo Thac sT va Tifin sT, chtt the den vi phy trach dao tao la Vifin NCHN; (4) Bfi mdn Han Nfim thugc Khoa Van hpc vd Ngdn ngft, Tradng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Xa hgi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Quoc gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh; dao tao Ctt nhan va Thac sT; (5) Khoa Ngft van Dai hgc Khea hgc Hue; dao tao Ctt nhdn Ngoai ra, mdn hgc Han Ndm cdn dugc day chuang trinh ddo tao ctta met sd ngdnh nhu Ngtt van, Ngfin ngtt, Lich stt, Du lich, Bao tang, Luu tru d mgt sfi ttudng dgi hpc khac, vdi tu each Id mdt mon hpc phy hoac mon lya chpn (khfing bdt buOc) Hpc vifin Phat giao Viet Nam cung thifit ke cac mfin hpc Hdn Ndm chuang trinh danh cho tdng sinh cac don vi dde tao tu nhan, chft Han Nfim dugc day va hgc d mgt sfi trung tam nhu Nhan MT hgc dudng (Hd Ngi), Vdn Trai hpc uyfin (Ha Nfi), mfit so ldp nhd md rai rac d cac vung qufi, vd mft sfi ldp day thu phap chft Han Nfim chtt yfiu d Ha Ngi, Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, Hue, va Bdc Ninh Vfi cac don vi luu trft, dang kfi nhat la hai trung tdm luu trtt: Trung tdm luu trtt LINK V ^ C NGHIEN ClltJ HAN NOM qudc gia IV (Da Lat) vdi gan 35.000 tam mfic bdn Han Nfim, la Di sdn tu lifiu the gidi cua UNESCO (2009); vd Trung tam luu trtt qufic gia I (Ha Npi) voi nhifiu ngudn tu lieu Han Nfim, ndi bat la khoang 200.000 tai lieu chau bdn trifiu Nguyfin - Di san tu hfu Chuong trinh Ky uc thfi gidi Khu vuc chau A - Thai Binh Duong (2014) Tu lieu Han Ndm ctta hai trung tam Iim trft kfi trfin vtta cd gid tri ctta hifin vat luu trtt ddc bifit, lai vira mang gia tri ngtt vdn Han Nom dac sac Ve sd lugng nhd nghifin cuu Han Nfim, nhan su chtt yeu d Vien NCHN vdi khoang 80 ngudi duong nhifim, phan ldn dfiu idm nghifin ciiu Han Nom du ma nggch ctta mot so ngudi cd the khong phdi nghifin cttu vifin; mdi don vi ddo tao chinh quy ke trfin cd khodng 5-10 giang vifin chuyen nghifip vfi Han Nfim Ngoai cdn mgt sfi nha nghifin cttu d cdc don vi quan Ii van hod vd di san cac cdp ttt trang uong tdi dia phuang, cftng nhu mdt sfi hgc gia dgc lap cd chuyfin mdn sau Tfing sfi cac nha nghifin cttu Han Nfim (chuyfin nghiep) tgi Vift Nam hifin cd Ie khong vugt qua sfi 150 ngudi, tap trung d Ha Ngi, Hufi, vd Thanh phfi Hd Chi Minh Luc lugng nhu thfi chua thfi yfin tam dfi ggi Id "dfing dao", va su phan tan lyc lugng lgi cang la noi ban khoan cho tdt ca chttng ta Mot so nhu cau cua nganh Han Nom bSi canh d^u the ki XXI 3.1 Nhu cau md rang khdi ni^m "Hdn Nam" Dfi phan Ioai cac nganh khoa hpc, ngudi ta cd the dua nhifiu dac trung, nhung cd hai dgc tnmg quan trgng la "dfii tugng nghifin cttu" vd "phuong phap nghien cun" Cdc ngdnh khoa hpc cd lich stt lau ddi (van hpc, stt hgc, toan hgc, trifit hgc) thuong khac vfi ca hai ddc trung trfin, ggi Id khoa hgc chuyfin ngdnh Cdc nganh khea hgc mdi ddi met hai the ki trd lai ddy thi cd xu hudng phan biet theo dfii tugng nghien cttu khdc nhau, cdn ve phuang phdp nghifin cttu hay hf thdng Ii thuyfit thi cd tinh tfing hgp hod theo huong lifin nganh, da nganh; vi dy vdi ddt nude hgc (Vift Nam hgc, Hoa Ki hgc, Trung Qufic h p c ) thi nguoi ta dp dyng phuang phap Iuan ctta nhifiu ITnh vuc khoa hgc chuyen nganh de nghien cttu Dd khfing phai la quy ludt bao trum tat ca, nhung cd thfi coi Id xu hudng chung Thee each nhin dy, ngdnh Han Nfim cd tinh chdt cua met ngdnh khoa hgc lay dfii tugng nghien cttu lam ban vi, ^ dyng phuang phdp nghien cttu lifin nganh, da nganh Iam nfin tdng phuang phap Iuan Trong bdi cdnh hifin nay, can ban dfin chuyfin md rgng khdi nifim nghifin cuu "Han Ndm", khdng chi bao gfim ddi tugng nghifin cttu Id cac vdn ban chft Han vd chft Nfim, ma nghifin cttu chung cac van bdn dugc ghi chep bang van ty cd d Vift Nam Trfin Idnh Ihfi Viet Nam hifin tttng tfin tgi Ioai hinh van tu ( j t ^ 5^), mfii loai hinh van ty Igi cd the bao gdm nhieu Ioai van tu khdc (1) Cac vdn tu thee legi hinh van ty Han ;^ ^ ^ X ^ (tttc chtt vuong - -^i^^), gfim logi: chtt Han, chu Ndm Viet, Ndm Tay, Ndm Nimg, Ndm Cae Lan'"', Ndm Dao, Ndm Ngan''' Day Id cac leai vdn ty ghi y - dm, cd ngufin gfic tix chu Han'^ (2) Cac van ty thee Ioai hinh van ty Phan cd ngufin gdc An Do, cd chft Cham va chft Thai, dfiu la cac van ty ghi am Rifing chft T^P CHI HAN N M SO (141) - 2017 Thdi lai gfim kifiu chft cfi khac nhau, gfim chft Lai Pao, chft Thai Quy, chu Thai Deng, va chft Thai viing Tay Bdc'^ (3) Cdc van ty theo logi hinh van ty Latin, hien co 22 Ioai van ty ghi ngon ngft ctta 22 dan tgc, bao gdm tgc Kinh (chtt Qufic ngft) va 21 dan tgc thieu sd Trong sfi 54 ddn tgc d Viet Nam, hifin vdn cdn 28 dan tfic chua cd chft viet rifing" Nhftng nghifin cttu dau tien gan day vfi ca chfi "da ton van tu", "da hdnh van ty" lich stt van ty d Viet Nam da cho thay, nhin chung cac Ioai hinh vdn ty co Viet Nam thudng xuyen dugc diing xen ke vdi mgt van ban, chtmg td chttng khdng Ioai trtt nhau, khdng mdu thuan vdi nhau, ma tfin tgi song song vdi nhau, difiu dd the hifn tuih chdt da dgng va hea hgp vfi mat van ty d Vift Nam lich stt'^ Treng thfi ki XX, chung ta thudi^ hinh dung rang di san Hdn Nfim bao gem khoi lugng van tjch vifit bang chft Han vd chft Nflm Viet Nhung thifit nghi cdn md rpng khai niem Han Nom met ngi ham rfing hen, bao qudt ca ba loai hinh van ty kfi trfin, cai loi, edi trung tam Id cac van ban theo logi Iiinh chft vufing; tifip den la cac van ban theo Ioai hinh van tu Phan; cudi cimg Id cdc van ban bdng chtt cdi Latin cd nifin dai som Tdt nhifin, luc dy khfing nfin cei hoac ggi Vifin NCHN la "Vifin Nghien cuu vdn tu cd Viet Nam", vi nhu vgy vfi hinh trung &i bd hep pham vi chuyfin mdn vae lihh vuc van ty cfi, pham vi cua ngdnh Hdn Nfim nfin dugc coi la khoa hpc d§c thu ctta Vifit Nam'*, vdi xuat phat ttt ngft van hgc (philology), md rgng cac khea hgc chuyen ngdnh (van, ngft, stt, trifit ), roi dfin khoa hgc lien ngdnh va da nganh NGUYBN TUAN cuiyNG 3.2 Nhu cau lien kit cdc dan v/ nghiin cihi, ddo tgo vd luu trir Hdn Ndm Dtt ca nude cd khong nhifiu don vi nghifin cttu, dao tao vd luu trft Han Ndm (nhu dd trinh bay trfin), nhung dieu dang tific la mdi lien he gii^ cdc don vi edn chua chat che, neu khfing mufln ndi Id Idng leo, phdn tdn Mfii quan hf giua mgt ca nhan ctta dan vi ndy vdi mpt ca nhan ctta don vi khdc co the tfit hen rat nhifiu so vdi mfii quan he gitta cac dan vi vdi Difiu thfi hifin tinh tu phat, chu it cho thay tinh tfl chtte quan hf hgc thuat Hdn Nfim Xin lay met vi du: Vifin NCHN rat it bifit dfin cdc de tai khoa hgc, cac lugn van luan an, cac khod Iuan nifin lugn etta ngudi dgy va hgc Han Nfim Traong Dai hgc Khoa hgc Xa hpi va Nhan vdn, Dai hgc Quflc gia Hd Nfli; tueng ty nhu thfi, Tnrdng cung khdng mdy quan tam xem Vifin da vd dang thyc hifin cac dy an khoa hgc nao Dd la mdi kfi dfin hai don vi cd ddng gop to ldn nhdt che su nghifip Han Ndm, dd mgt dan vi cd ddng gdp chu yfiu vfi nghien cttu, met dan vi thien vfi dao tao Tinh hinh d cac don vi khac cd Ie cung tuong ty, it cd sy trao dfii, giao luu dfi ndm bat tinh hinh hgc thuat ctta Lifin kfit tao sue manh Khoa hgc dueng dgi khdng cdn la nfin khoa hgc cua met ca nhan dflc ldp tach rdi vdi cac cd nhan khdc, cftng khdng phdi Id nfin khoa hpc cua mdt don vj ddc lap tach roi cac don vi khac vdn cd cung chtmg mdi quan tam hgc thuat Difiu can thifit hifin Id tdng cudng su lien kfit giira cac don vi nghifin cttu Han Nfim treng cd nude vdi nhau, gifta cdc don vj nghifin cttu vdi cac LiNH v y c NGHIEN CtV HAN NOM don vi dae tgo va luu trft Han Nfim, "trong Tradng ngodi Vifn" cdn gdn bo chat che, dua kfit qud nghifin cttu vdo phue vy giang day Lien kfit nen dugc thyc hifin ddng thdi trfin ca hai khia cgnh: mpt Id trao dfii thflng tin khea hgc gitta cac don vi, vi du thfing tin ve cdc dfi tai khoa hgc da thuc hifn cua mfii don vi, dfi tranh thyc hien trimg ldp de tai; hai Id hgp tdc nghien cuu va dae tgo gifta cac don vi vdi Treng qua trinh lien kfit nay, vdi tu each la noi luu trtt kho tai lieu Han Nom Idn nhat, cd dpi ngu chuyen mfin dfing dao nhat, Vien NCHN cdn phdt huy vai trd ddu tdu sttc mgnh ctta minh dfi lifin kfit va quy tu Cdc vimg mifin Bdc - Tnmg - Nam cung can xich lai gan nhau, phfli hgp tfit dfi nghien cttu, suu tdm, chia se tai lifu Han Nom Hifin kho sach Han Ndm ctta Vifin NCHN chu yfiu la tu lieu ciia khu vuc mifin Bdc va met phan mifin Trung, cho nfin can phoi hgp vdi cac den vi d mien Nam^^ va mien Trung de cttng Iam phong phtt thfim kho sach Han Ndm, dfi nd thyc sy la dai difin cho di sdn Han Nflm d tdt ca cac viing mien trfin toan qufic 3.3 Nku cdu tir vdn Hdn Ndm cho xS hpi C T Kurien cho rdng "Tat cd cdc nganh khoa hgc xa hgi phai gan voi thyc te xd hpi"^' Nham tao mflt difin ddn de trao dfli, ddnh gia va dua nhttng kifin nghi vfi vai trd cua Han Nfim treng xa hpi Viet Nam hifin nay, ngdy 27/8/2016 Vifn NCHN dd tfl chuc hpi thdo khea hpc cap quflc gia vdi chu de "Vai trd cua Han Ndm treng van hod duong dai" Nfli dung Hgi thao dugc chia chu dfi chinh, tuang ttng vdi tifiu ban tgi Hdi thao, bao gdm: (I) Han Ndm voi chinh sach vdn hod; (2) Han Nom vdi giao due dao tao; (3) Hdn Nflm: Ttt trayfin thdng tdi hien tai^ Cach dat vdn dfi "Idy duong dai Idm ban vi dfi nhin Han Nflm" cua hdi thao cd phan khae bifit vdi each lam trayen thflng ctta nganh Han Nflm la ''''lay tdi lieu Hdn Ndm cd ldm bdn vf* Sy khac bift thfi hifn dinh huong eua hfli thde la hudng tdi cflng tdc tu van chinh sach, ddt Hdn Nflm treng bfii canh duong dai dfi bdn Iuan Hai each ddt van dfi du cd khdc nhau, nhung dfiu thfi hifn sy kfit nfii gifta trayfin thfing voi duong dgi, giua qua khtt voi hifin tgi vd tueng lai Sau hpi thao, trfin mang difin ttt, mang xa hgi, va bdo in da ddy lfin mpt Ian song binh luan vfi cttng sdi ndi vfi vific nfin chang dgy chft Han Nflm treng nhd trudng Cd vai trdm^^ bai vifit mang (status), bai bde dien tu, bdi bao in da dugc cfing bd, thu bttt hdng trieu lugt thich (like), binh Iuan (comment), chia se (share) tren khdp cac difin dan, ca treng nude vd ngoai nude Nhttng ngudi tham gia ddng gdp quan difim co thfi la nhttng ngudi thugc gidi tri thttc chuyfin mdn Hdn Ndm hoac gan vdi Han Nfim (ngdn ngtt, van hpc, cd stt, vdn hod ), cd mgt sfi ngudi la tac gid tham lugn ctta Hdi thao; cung cd thfi la ngudi ngoai nganh (du lich, toan hpc, quan Ii, vat Ii ) Trong mdy nam trd lai day, that hifim thay du ludn xa hdi lai quan tam tdi mgt van de thupe ITnh vyc khoa hpc va gido due trayfin thfing nhu vgy Difiu dd cho thdy xd hgi thuc sy quan tdm tdi cdc vdn dfi Han Nflm, nfiu nganh Han Ndm bifit each gdn vdn dfi cua miiA vdi xa hgi, tttc la thyc hifin tfit T ^ P CHI HAN NOM SO (141) - 2017 cdng tdc xd hpi hod Du Iuan xa hdi nhu trfin da thfi hien mpt yfiu cau bttc thifit, mgt ggi y dfi cac don vi hftu qumi nhu Bp Gide dye vd Dao tgo, Vien Han Iam Khoa hgc xd hgi Viet Nam, Vifn NCHN, Tradng Dgi hgc Su pham Ha Nfli, cung nhu cdc don vi dae tao Han Nfim cd nude cttng ddt cdc vdn dfi "Cd nfin day chu Hdn, chft Ndm, tri thttc Hdn Nfim d tradng phd thfing, tradng dgi hgc (khfing phai chuyfin nganh Hdn Nfim)" dfi xem xet mflt each nghifim tttc, dudi gdc khoa hpc, gido due, xa hdi, vd van hoa Xd hgi hod Hdn Nfim la met mdnh dat can khai thac sau va rflng hon nfta 3.4 Nhu cau hpi nhdp quoc ti Trong 50 nam qua trfin thfi gidi, met ttong nhung thay dfii ldn nhdt khoa hgc xd hfli va nhan vdn chinh la sy qufic te hod dfli ngu cac nhd nghifin cuu Ddc difim cttng vdi viec todn cau hoa chinh sach cong vd tu nhdn hoa khoan tai trg nghien cuu da hgp lyc trd ba nhdn tfi chinh yfiu tao sy thay ddi ca ban ve npi dung ctta cdc vdn dfi nghifin cttu^"* Qufic tfi hoa va toan cau hea da trd thdnh hai ddc difim quan trgng hang dau ctta khoa hgc xa hfli va nhdn vdn trfin the gioi, ttt ddt nhu cau bttc thiet phdi hdi nhdp quflc tfi dfii vdi cac ngdnh khoa hpc xa hdi va nhan van Viet Nam Van dfi hgi nhap qudc tfi da dugc dgt mflt each cap thiet d Viet Nam thdng qua Nghi quyfit sd 22-NQ/TW ngdy I0/4/20I3 cua Bg Chinh tri vfi hgi nhap quflc tfi, cung nhu Nghi quyfit sfi 31/NQCP 13/5/2014 cua Chinh phu ban NGUYiN TUAN Cl/dWG hdnh Chuong trinh hanh dflng ctta Chinh phu diuc dfi hifin Nghi quyfit so 22 ctta Bg Chinh tri vfi hgi nhap quflc tfi Hpi nhap qudc te cimg Id van dfi then chflt ndm chuong trinh phat trifin chung ctta Vifin Han lam Khoa hgc xd hgi Viet Nam Bdo cdo chinh tri trink Dgi hgi dgi biiu Ddng bg Vien Hdn ldm Khoa hgc xd hgi Viet Nam ldn tku XVUl nkiim ki 2015-2020 da nhdn manh vific "thttc ddy hdi nhap qudc tfi va khu vyc vfi khoa hpc xa hpi, tham gia mgng cdc vien han lam quflc tfi cung nhu cac mang nghien cttu quflc tfi chuyfin nganh, lifin nganh vd da nganh." Gdn day nhat Van kifn Dai hfii Dang toan qudc ldn thtt XII (2016) da tifip tyc nhdn manh chu traong "chtt dpng va tich cyc hdi nhap qufic te, [ ] day mgnh hpi nhgp qudc tfi ITnh vuc van hoa, xa hpi, khoa hpc cflng nghfi, gido due - ddo tgo vd cdc ITnh vyc khac"^^ Hfli nh^p qudc tfi dd trd xu thfi tdt yfiu todn bp ddi sfing van hea xa hdi Vift Nam, ma ngdnh Han Nflm phai cd n h ^ thttc diing dan, day dtt, vd cd trdeh nhifim thuc hifn mgt each nghifim tttc va tich cue Thuc tfi cho thay, treng nganh Han Nfim gan day cang cd nhifiu nguoi, ddc bift Id can bg trfi da cfi gang khac phyc nhifiu difiu kifn khd khan d nude dfi chtt dgng hpi nhgp qufic te vfi hgc thuat, tang cudng trao ddi vdi cdc hgc gia nude ngoai, hgc hdi vfi phuang phap va kT nang nghifin cttu, tham nhap vao cac khe tu lieu nude ngoai dfi md rgng pham vi hgc thuat, ttt dd cflng bfl cac cdng trinh nghifin cttu khea hgc d nude ngoai^^ Bfin canh dd, nhu cdu todn LiNH Vl/C NGHIEN CVV HAN N M cau hea da tge difiu kifin dfi kifn toan ca chfi quan li vT md, khien cho cac don vi nghifin cttu vd dao tgo noi chung, cd Han Nfim cdng hudng dfin khuyfin khich hgi nhap qudc tfi, giao luru trao ddi hgc thuat vdi nufifc ngoai, dd Id met su thuan igi dang kfi dfi hfii nhap qudc tfi, xet ttt binh difn ca che quan li Mgt so van de then chot dat hifin nhin tur Vifin Nghien cuu Han Nom Ttt thdnh lap dfin nay, trai qua ngdt ntta thfi ki, Vien NCHN dang dttng trade nhihig thugn Igi va khd khan nhat dinh Vfi thuan Igi: bdi canh qufic tfi hod va todn cdu hod dang tgo dieu kifn phdt trifin cho mgi chuyen nganh khea hpc; xa hdi dang theo da phdt trifin cang cae khifin cho di san tinh thdn tmyfin thfing cang dugc chtt f quan tam; ddi song cua can bd vifin chtte da dugc ndng cao, tao dieu kifn dfi tap trung phat trien chuyfin mdn Ve khd khan: ddng quan tam Io ngai nhdt Id sy thifiu hyt dpi ngu can bg nghien cttu cd ve so lugng ciing nhu chdt lugng de cac the hf can bd nghien cuu lao thdnh da lan lugt ve httu hoac khudt bdng; van cdn sy "hi ki thi" va "ty ki thi" xa hgi, cei Han Ndm la nganh cd hii, lgc hau, khdng phtt hgp vdi lua chgn ctta th^ he tre Dttng trade nhftng Ihoi co vd thdch thiix:, thuan Igi va khd khdn nhu trfin, tfii cho rdng nganh Han Ndm ndi chung, dd ddc bifit quan trgng Id Vien NCHN noi rifing, cdn lim y dfin sau van dfi then chflt nhit: (1) khdng dinh va kfi thira tyu ctta cdc thfi hf di trade, (2) tifip tue thyc hien tflt cac nhifm vu thuong xuyen va cdp bach, (3) chuyen mon hoa, (4) xa hgi hea, (5) qufic tfi hod, (6) tin hpc h o i 4.1 Khdng dinh vd ki thda thdnh t^ru cua cdc thi hi di trirdc Ke ttt thdnh lap Ban Han Ndm ndm 1970, rfii Vifin NCHN nam 1979, Vifn da timg bude trudng thdnh vd khdng dinh vi tri ctta mpt don vi nghifin ciru vijng manh, cd uy tin dau nganh ve linh vyc Han Ndm cd nude Thanh tyu nghifin cttu ctta Vifin da dugc xa hpi khang dinh, dugc qufic tfi bifit den Bai vifit ndy mufln ddnh dung lugng de ndi dfin dy kifin tuong lai ctta nganh Han Nflm, nfin xin phep khdng nhae lai nhihig tuu nay*^^\ Dfi dat dugc cac thdnh tuu ay, can phdi khang dinh cdng lao ddng gdp ctta cdc thfi hf Idnh dgo vd cdn bd vifin chuc cua Vifin da dean kfit cttng xdy dyng Vifin, cttng dung mui chiu sao, vugt qua nhifiu song gid, dfi xay dung mpt ITnh vuc nghien cttu "tudng cu ma mdi" Vi vgy, nhiing tyu te ldn ay can dugc cdc thfi he sau tran trgng khang dinh va kfi thtta, cei la nen tang ca sd de viing tam tifip tyc day manh sy nghifip nghifin cttu Han Nfim lfin mpt tam cao mdi Nhin ngugc lai, thfi he trade cttng can cd su quan tam, "trayfin dang" cho cdc thfi hf sau, dfi tgo niem dam mfi nghifin cuu che thfi he tre hon minh, nhu met y kifin timg nhan manh: "The he di trade can truyen nhift huyet va t^m nhin che the he kfi tifip Dieu ndy co the cfin quan trgng hon ca vifc ren luyfn kT nang va cung cap kifin thttc"" Trong mdi quan he gifta cac thfi hfi, cung can chu dgng phan bifn va chap nhgn phan bifn tu ngudi khac cung nhu thfi hf khac, mien la cac phdn bifn Ay xudt phdt ttt tinh thdn tfln II TAP CHI HAN NOM sd (141) - 2017 trgng khoa hgc Cdn hfit sue tranh kifiu tu "thai thugng hoang" khoa hgc, d bdt ki ITnh vyc nao, chtt khfing chi cd ITnh vuc Han Ndm 4.2, Tiip tue thuc Men tdt cdc nhiim vu thirdng xuyin vd cdp bach Vifin NCHN da dugc Dang va Nha nude giao thyc hifin cac chtte ndng va nhifim vu nhu sau: - Bao tfin vd gjam dirih cac nguyfin ban ehft Han chft Nfim, sae cdc ban gfic nhifiu ban dfi stt dung hode cung cap cho cac thu vifin va cac ca quan cd nhu cau - Tfi chtte bifin dich (gfim ca chtt giai) vd chinh thttc cfing bfi cdc tu lieu chft Han chft Ndm, duyft Igi cac ban dich Han Nfim da dugc cdng bfi - Nghifin cttu vSn bdn hgc, bifin soan nhiing sach cfing cy cdn thiet cho cfing tac bifin dieh vd nghifin cihi tu lifu chft Han chft Nflm - Dao tao va bfii duong can bg nghien cttu chft Han, chft Nfim Ve cdng tac suu tam vd bao quan tu lifu Han Nfim, cd cdc nhifim vy cu the: - Bdo quan thgt tfit cdc tu lieu chft Han, chft Ndm hifn cfi d cdc kho luu trft ctta Vien - Thu thgp vfi kho luu trtt ciia Vifin tat ca cac tu lifu chtt Han chtt Nom hifn cd d cac thu vifn, cac kho luu trtt khac cdn rai rac d cac dia phuong''"' Nhftng nhifim vu chu yfiu tren da bao quat cac binh difn cflng tac: suu tdm, bao quan, nhdn ban, bifin dich va cflng bfl, nghifin cttu, dao tge Iinh vyc Han Ndm Dd la nhiing nhifim vu thudng xuyfin md Vifin dugc cap trfin giao phd, cdn thyc hifn lau ddi vd 12 NGUYiN TUAN CirdlNG nghiem tttc Vien cung can gift vung va ddy mgnh nhftng ITnh vuc hgc thuat dd quen thugc, nhu: van hifin hgc, vdn bdn hgc, vdn ty hgc, bi ki hgc, thu myc hgc, hifu kham hgc, ti huy hgc, dn chuong hpc, thu phap hpc, bifin muc thifin bdn Ben canh nhftng nhifim vy thudng xuyfin kfi trfin, cdn cd nhung nhifm vy c ^ bach, vtta mang tinh chat nghifin cttu khoa hpc, lai vtta cd khia canh tu van chi'nh sach, cung cdp luan cu, Iuan chttng tu gdc dfi chuyfin mdn Han Ndm dfi giup cdc CO quan qudn Ii qudc gia hogch dinh cac chinh sach phtt hgp dfi phat trifin dat nude Trong bfii canh xa hgi nude vd qufic te hifn nay, cdn tap trung tri^n khai cdc dfi tdi, nhifim vu nghien cttu theo bfin nhom van de thifit yfiu ctta qudc gia, ddn tfic va khea hgc nay, gfim (1) nghifin cttu bifin ddo; (2) nghifin cuu bifin gidi; (3) nghifin cttu ton giao; (4) nghien cttu ddn tfc thifiu so, nMn ttt gdc dp chuyfin mdn Han Ndm 4,3 Chuyin mdn hod Ndi dfin chuyen mdn hoa la ndi dfin vific dao tge vd tu dao tae dgi ngu can bd theo hudng chuyfin sau, phat trien chuyfin gia timg ITnh vye hep dfi chiem ITnh cac pham vi tri thttc lifin quan dfin nganh Han Nflm Vifin dd cd nhttng chuyfin gia vfi van bia, van ty, van hpc, Uch su, dia Ii, tdn giao, nghifin cuu Trung Quflc, Nhgt Ban , nhtmg vdn cdn nhftng mang can bd sung, nhu: ban dd co, Han Nflm bien dao, Han Ndm bifin gidi, Han Nfim cua cdc dan tgc thifiu sd, so sanh nfin cfi hpe ctta Vift Nam vdi cac qufic gia Dfing A, nghien cttu Han Quoc, Au MT, v.v Thfi hf trfi LiNH v y c NGHIEN CUU HAN N M tre can dac bifit quan tam tdi nhung van de dfi cd dinh hudng phat trifin chuyen mdn Ngoai vifc chuyfin mdn hod vfi tri thttc Han Ndm, thfi he tre ctta nganh Han Nfim ciing cdn tifip tyc phdt huy va nang cao nhflng kT nang can thiet ctta nhd nghifin cuu chuyfin nghifip thdi dai mdi, Id: (1) kT nang ttng dyng cdng nghe thdng tin phyc vu chuyfin mfin, tim tai lifu nghifin cttu, tge co sd dft lieu difin ttt phyc vu nghifin cttu; (2) kT ndng ngogi ngft phyc vy viec khu vyc hea, qudc tfi hea va tifip thu tri thttc todn cdu, treng dd nhin chung dfi khu vyc hea (Dflng A) thi chtt yeu stt dung tifing Tryng Quflc, de qudc tfi hoa thi chu yeu stt dyng tieng Anh, kfit hgp vdi cac ngogi ngft manh khdc nhu tifing Nhat, Phap, Hdn, Nga, Dttc - theo thifin hudng khoa hgc cu thfi cua timg ngudi; (3) kl nang giae tiep vdi cdc hgc gid treng vd ngoai nude de md rgng eac mfii quan hf hgp tac hgc thuat; vd (4) kT nang lam vifc nhdm de lifin kfit va phdt huy sttc manh tap the Trong hon 10 nam trd lai day, Vifin NCHN dttng trade thyc trang thifiu hut ddi ngu nghien curu ca ve sd lugng cung nhu chdt lugng De vay, viec tuyfin chgn, dae tgo can bg, chu yeu la can bp tre, se la yeu cdu, nhifm vu cdp bach va quan trgng nhdt hien nhdm dap ttng dugc yfiu cdu hifin tgi cung nhu tuong lai ctta Vifn Cd hai hudng ddo tao can tifin hdnh dflng thdi Mfit mat la dae tge chinh quy qua sach vd traong ldp vdi cac bac hgc Ctt nhan, Thgc sT, Tifin sT, tu nghiep Sau tifin sT (pestdoc) Mat khac, cdn ddo tao chuyen mfln thfing qua cdng vifc thyc tfi, qua thuc hifn cdc dfi tdi, du an, cfing trinh nghien cttu dfi ty truong thdnh Cflng vific ddo tao dgi ngu cdn dugc tifin hanh cu thfi ddi voi timg can bd tre, cho phu hgp vdi thien hudng khoa hgc, nhu cau cfing vific, vdi nhu cau ca nhan ctta timg ngudi; dam bao vifc don vi tdn trgng nhu cau cd nhdn, va cd nhan tfin trpng nhu can ctta don vi, difiu hoa tfit mfii quan he gifta lgi ich tap thfi vdi lgi ich cd nhdn 4,4 Xd hgi hod Ndi dfin xa hgi hod Han Ndm Id ndi dfin vific that chat va day manh mfii quan he gifta linh vyc Han Ndm vdi cac linh vuc khac ddi sfing van hoa xa hpi cua dat nude Nhin met each cu the, nhifim vy xa hdi hod dgt it nhat van de sau ddi vdi nganh Hdn Nfim: (1) Thuc hien cac nhifim vu nghifin cuu cu the dfi vd phdt huy gid tri ctta di sdn Hdn Nfim treng xa hgi hifin tai va tueng lai, phyc vu myc dich tu van chinh sach cho qufic gia Dfi ldm dugc difiu nay, can dac bift can tap trang vao cac hudng nghien cuu phyc vu nhu cau bttc thifit ctta qufic gia vd xa hgi hifin va sap tdi, nhu tu lieu Han Ndm vfi bifin dao, bifin gidi, tdn gido, cac ddn tdc thieu sfl (2) Thttc day vific phfi bifin tri thttc Han Nfim va tri thttc vfi van hod trayen thfing cho ddng dae dai chttng thdng qua cac hoat dfing xudt ban, trayen thdng, giao dye, sy kifn van hod, td chtte hgi thao khea hpc, trung bdy, trien Iam, bdo tang, md ldp dgy thu phap va tri thttc Han Nflm (3) Tham gia vae viec tu, triing tu, bdo tfln, tfln tae cac di tich lich stt van hea d khdp noi tren ca nude (4) Thu httt su quan tam va hgp tac khoa hgc cua cdc nhd khoa hgc cdc ITnh vyc nghien 13 T ^ P CHI HAN NOM SO (141) - 2017 cttu ldn can vdi Han Nom, cung nhu ctta cae hpc gia ddc lap cd trinh dp chuyen mfln cao, co uy tin xd hpi de hinh thdnh mang ludi lifin ket khoa hpc (5) Bfin cgnh vific stt dyng kinh phi ttt ngufin ngan sach nha nude de nghifin cuu, thi can day mgnh vific thu hut ngufin ddu tu nghien cttu Hdn Ndm ttt xa hpi, bae gflm cac dia phuong, cdc ddng hp, ca nhan, vd cac den vi kinh tfi cd nhu cdu tri thttc hoac co httng thtt vdi linh vuc Han Nfim cung nhu vdi vdn hod truyfin thong (6) Tim treng vfln cfl Han Nflm nhttng tri thttc cua ngudi xua vfi cac ITnh vyc ddi sdng xa hdi, dfi hgp tac vd tu van cho cac don vi nghien cttu, san xudt nham chfi tao nhttng sdn phdm dich vu phue vu cuflc sdng duong dai, nhu trfin cdc Iinh vuc y dugc, dugc lifiu chdng han 4.5, Quoc ti hod Trfin thyc tfi, ngdnh Han Nom, vdn dfi qufic tfi hoa hay hgi nhdp qufic te da dugc dfi xudt ttt thdi ki Ban Han Ndm (1970-1979), tifin than cua Vien NCHN Trong hfli thdo khoa hpc "Vdn dfi thu tich Han Nfim" de Ban Han Nfim td chtte ngdy 28/4/1978 tai Ha Ngi, Nguyen Tai Can da nhan manh van dfi qufic tfi hod, hdi nhdp vdi khu vyc vd quflc te ddi vdi nhd nghien cttu Hdn Nflm: "Cho nfin van de nang cao trinh dp Hdn ngtt hoc, thee doi li lugn hifn dai ve Hdn ngtt hoc, ty trang bi cho minh mflt tdm nhin khdng qua lac hdu so vdi tdm nhin cua thfi gioi Han ngft hgc, thifit n ^ la mpt van dfi c ^ thifit chung ta phai suy nghT, quyfit tam tim each giai quyet che ki dugc [ ] Ro rang nhifiu vdn dfi ttuyfin thdng Han Nfim cua ta la NGUYiN TUAN Ctf&NG nhiing van dfi nam ttong mdt tinh hinh chung cd lifin quan dfin todn vttng, phai cd nhdn quan chung vfi todn vttng, phdi cd su hifiu bifit vfi thu tidi toan vttng, phai van dung phuong phap dfii chifiu, so sdnh thi mdi mong gidi quyfit dugc"* Dfin nam 2012, nhan dip ki nifm 40 nam lap Bd mfin Han Nflm (Dgi hpc Qufic gia Ha Ndi), PGS.TS Nguyfin Kim Sen lgi mgt Ian ntta chi tam quan trpng cua viec hdi nhgp vdi thfi gidi vfi phuong phap nghien cihi vd giang day Han Ndm: "Ddi mdi va hgi nhap thfi gidi ve phuong phap treng nghifin cuu va giang day Mufin hodn thdnh stt mfnh truyen thtta vdn hoa, vifc ddi mdi vfi phuang phdp nghien cttu, phuang phdp tifip can van ban, khai thac van ban cung ddt gay gdt Cdn phdi hgi nhap va tifip thu cac phuang phap nghifin cuu tien tifin tren thfi gidi, chuan hi nhan lyc dfi cap nhat vdi nhung ITnh vyc nghien cttu mdi, nhftng phuang phap nghifin cihi mang tinh lien ngdnh, nghifin cttu theo hudng stt dyng tdi da uu thfi ctta cflng nghf thdng tin [cang] dugc chtt trpng Ngoai ra, nhung ITnh vuc hgc thuat mdi hinh tai Ddng A cung can dugc tifip thu va phfi bien, chdng han nghifin cttu gian bach hgc, nghien cuu so sdnh, nghifin cttu thee hudng giai thich hpc "*'^\ Vdi b6i canh hifin nay, nhin tu ITnh vuc Han Nom, toi cho rang cdn thuc hifn mflt each rifit rdng hgng myc cflng vific chu yfiu sau day dfi tiing bude hpi nhgp quflc tfi: (I) Day mgnh hpc tgp vd tifip thu tri thttc cung nhu kT ndng nghien LiNH v y c NGHIEN CUtl HAN N M CUU d binh difin quflc tfi, nhu hpc ngoai ngft, hgc tin hpc, di du hgc hoac tifin tu dai hoac ngdn ngdy, ddn dan hinh nhung nhdm can bfi nghifin cuu cd kha nang ddi thoai true tifip vdi cac hgc gia nude ngoai d met sfi linh vyc then chdt Id mfii quan tdm chung trfin mat bang qufic tfi (2) Md rpng mdi quan hf hgp tac hgc thugt voi qudc tfi ttt binh difn don vi Vifin cung nhu binh dien ca nhdn mfli nhd nghifin ciru (3) Thuc day vific cdng bd qufic tfi, khang dinh trinh khea hgc cua cac nha nghien cuu nude thflng qua vifc cflng bfl bdi nghiin cuu chuyfin sau chtt khfing chi qua vifc dnh dn lu lieu gdc sSn cd kho sach Hdn Ndm, mac du difiu ciing rdt can thifit, nhung rd rang la chua du (4) Thu hut ngufin dau tu khoa hgc ttt nude ngoai, xin cac quy tai trg nghien cttu khea hpc ttt nude, ngoai, phdt trien cae dfi tai hgp tdc theo dgng nghi dinh thu, hgp tdc song phuong va da phuong (5) Can bp vifin chtte cua Vifn cdn chtt dgng vd tich cyc tham gia cac hgi thao khoa hgc d nude ngoai, trinh bdy bao cao bang ngoai ngft (6) Cdn tfl chuc hoac phfli hgp vdi cdc don vi khoa hgc nude ngoai dfi td chtte cac hfli thao, hgi nghi, toa dam khoa hgc lifin quan (7) Moi cac hpc gia nude ngodi den Vifn dfi difin giang dfi tao dieu kifin cho can bg tre tifip thu tri thttc mdi, ciing nhu mgnh dan ctt can bp tre ctta Vifin di difin gidng d nude ngoai (8) Qudc te hoa vifc khai thac tai lieu Han Nfim bdng each: mOt mat, thuc ddy sd hoa tdi lieu, giao luu trae ddi tai lieu nghien ciru voi nude ngodi, chtt dfing cung cdp tdi lieu nude (trtt nhftng tai lieu cd tinh chdt bi mat quflc gia) dfi thu httt hgc gia nude ngoai nghifin cttu vfi Viet Nam; mat khac, can lam rd vdn de ban quyfin sd hun tdi lifu, dfi dam bao minh bgch vfi ngufin tai lifu va den vi iuu gitt tai lieu Ngdy nay, vific "gitt khu khu" tai lifiu cho rieng minh - mgt hdnh dfing mang dam tinh ehtt nghia dan tfic hep hoi khdng cdn Id giai phdp phtt hop ntta Cac qudc gia va vttng lanh thfi Dfing A khdc nhu Trung Qudc, Nhdt Bdn, Hdn Qudc, Dai Loan, Hong Kong da va dang nfl lyc sfl hod vd cung cap rgng rai va mien phi rat nhifiu tu lifu cfi, difiu thfi hifin tdm nhin chien luge vd vifin kifin hpc thuat ctta hp, tao difiu kifn cho vifc lifin kfit va ddi thogi hgc thudt d binh difn lifin quflc gia 4.6 Tin hpc hod Treng khodng 20 nam trd lai ddy, gidi Hdn Nflm vd gidi cflng nghfi thdng tin dd hgp tac dfi lam cfing tac tin hpc hod Han Nflm, vfi font chft Nfim Viet, tao cac bfl go (thau nhdp phdp, input method) chtt Han Ndm Hifin da co gdn 10.000 chft Nflm Viet dugc vfi font vd dua vae bang ma qufic te Unicode Vific dua chft Nflm len ban phim mdy tinh ghi nhgn cflng sttc ctta Hgi Bdo tdn Di san chtt Nflm (VNPF, Hoa Ki), Hpi Van tu kin x.4^i^ (Nhat Ban), Cfing ti Dynalab (Dai Lean), nhdm Dao Uyfin, va mgt so chuyen gia ctta Vien Cdng nghf Thong tin, Vifn NCHN Cd bd gd chu Han Ndm rat phfi bifin d Viet Nam la Hanokey ctta rdidm Tfing Phudc Khai va Viet Han Nom cua Phan Anh Dung Hpi Bae tdn di sdn chft Ndm cdn kfit hgp vdi Thu vifn Qudc gia Viet Nam tai Ha Ngi dfi hoan cdng vifc sfi hod (digitize) 15 T-^P CHI HAN NOM so (141) - 2017 hang ngan cufin sach Hdn Nom kho sach ctta thu vifin vd d mpt sfi chua quanh khu vuc Hd Nfii'^^' Vien NCHN cung da tich cue vd chtt dgng sd hod tdi lieu Hdn Nflm (scan mau cdc sach gdc) dfi phyc vy cdng tac bao quan va khai thdc di san Han Nfim Vifc tin hgc hod chtt Hdn vd chu Nflm tgi Viet Nam nhu tren da tao nhifiu thudn lgi cho gidi nghien cttu Han Nflm Tuy nhien, dttng trude thdi co mdi, nhung cfing vific nhu trfin Id chua dtt! Viec sd hod gdn thap ki d Vien NCHN dtt dd cd cfi gang, nhung nhifiu nguyen nhdn (chtt yfiu thieu kinh phi va kT thuat) md hifin mdi chi sfi hod dugc khoang 1/6 kho sach Vdi tdc nay, mudn sfi hoa todn bp kho s ^ h Han Nflm ciia Vifn, phdi can khoang 100 nam nfta! Khflng chi cd thfi, cac tdi lieu sfi hod trade day chua chudn muc ve net, thifiu bang mau doi chieu, thifiu thuoc kich cd dat canh mfii trang sfi hoa Vifn chua ty tao dugc mpt bp go (input method - than nhap phap) chft Han va chft Nfim rifing de CO thfi chtt ddng ndng cdp kT thuat theo da nang cap ctta cac hf dieu hanh may tinh, difiu khien cho nhifiu may tfnh treng Vifin dfin vdn cdn stt dyng cac chuang trinh khd lac hau nhu Windows XP, Office 2003, vi mdt sd bp gfl Han Nfim quen thuflc chi chap nhan cac chuang trinh trfin Nhftng ban chfi, bat cap nhu v^y treng cong tac ttng dyng cflng nghf tin hpc lau da Iam giam nang suat lao dpng, nhifiu tu gay khd khan cho cdn bp vien chtte NGUYiN TUAN CU-&NG Thifit nghT, trade mat cdng vifc tin hpc hoa Han Ndm d Vifin NCHN cdn ddt nhttng nhifim vu trgng tam sau: (1) Tiep tyc cdng vific sd hod (scan) tai lieu Han Ndm theo chuan qudc te, vdi dp phan giai cao, cd bang mdu (color chart) va thudc do; bude tifip thee la phan logi tdi lieu "sfi hod, cung cdp dich vu sfi hod (thay cho dich vu photo nhu hifin nay), day Id difiu kha phfi bifin cac thu vifin va kho luu trft hifin dgi (2) Tu xdy dyng bp go Han Nfim vd cdc font chtt theo chudn Unicode, trude het Id cho chft Han (dung dm Han Viet) va chtt Nfim Vift rdi md rdng sang chtt Nflm Tdy (3) Ap dyng cong nghfi nhdn difn van tu ty dgng (OCR Optical Character Recognition - nhan dang ky tu quang hgc) vdi tai lieu Han Nfim dd dugc sfl hod dfi tao thdnh co sd dtt lifu (database) chft Han chft Nfim cd thfi tim kifim (searchable) d dang difn ttt, ddy nhanh kha nang tim kifim thfing tin CO sd dft lifu cho gidi nghien cttu, tuong ty nhu dung Ifnh "search" (tim kiem) de tim cdc ttt ngft cy thfi chuang trinh Word chdng ban (4) Sd hoa khdu suu tam va thiet ke ban dd di tich Han Nflm online Vfi cfing tdc suu tam, tmyfin thdng cua nganh vdn suu tdm bang hinh thttc thu mua tai lifu (sach), in ddp thac ban (bia, chudng), chep hodnh phi cdu ddi Vdi nhu cau hifn nay, can phdt trifin hinh thttc suu tdm mdi, thifin vfi chyp anh dfi so hoa tai lieu tai dia phuong sira tam, lfin thu myc timg don vi tai lieu Nhftng tai lieu sfi hod se Id CO sd dtt lieu dfi thifit ke ban dfl di tich Han Nfim online, tue Id mgng tai lieu LiNH v y c NGHIEN CUU HAN NOM SUU tdm timg dia phuong, dfi chi ddn cho dgc gia biet d tiing dia difim di tich hien cdn luu nhiing dgng tai lifu Han Nflm ndo, cd thfi tim dpe d ddu, nhttng tdi lieu nao che phep dgc online (5) Md rfng bien myc tu lifu Han Nfim d ca nude vd ngodi nude, thdng nhat quy each bien myc, tien tdi tap trung cdc tu lieu bifin myc vae mfit font tra cttu online dugc tich hgp website chinh thttc ctta Vifin NCHN, de doc gia bang mflt Ifnh tra cuu cd thfi bifit dugc tac pham Han Nfim ndo dd hifn dang dugc lira trft tai nhihig thu vifn ndo, d Viet Nam vd cac nude khac, nhu trang worldcat.org da Iam dugc voi hdu khdp cdc tu lifu tren thfi gidi Dfi dap ttng dugc phuong hudng phat trifin khea hgc trinh bay trfin, can bfl vifin chtte Vifin NCHN cdn cdn ctt trfin CO sd khdng dinh vd ki ihiea thdnh tuu cua cdc the he di Pudc, dfi tgo dd thgc hiin tot cdc cdng viec thucmg xuyen vd cdp bach, ddng thdi luu y phdt trifin "bfin hoa" Id chuyen mon hod, xd hoi hod, qudc ti koa vd tin kgc hod Tuy nhifin, mdi hudng can cd nhiing uu tifin rieng, thee tinh Hch stt cy thfi ctta timg giai doan Tfli cho rang, chuyen mon hea la dinh hudng chu dge ndm tdi, la trgng tam cua kfi hogch ngan hgn ctta Vifn; xa hdi hod la hudng chii dao 10 nam tdi, nam kfi hoach trung han; quoc tfi hod la hudng chu dao h-ong 15 nam tdi, thupe vfi kfi hogch dai hgn; cdn tin hgc hoa la cfing vifc cdn thuc hifin thudng xuyen, ca^ nhat lifin tyc Cdn bfi tri nhu vay dfi tranh phan tan ngufin lyc, tap trang vao thuc hifin bdng dugc cac nhifm vy then chflt timg giai dogn cu thfi Tilu k i t Nhftng suy nghT bfin trfin, dtt dugc dya trfin quan sat hifin trang ctta nganh Hdn Nfim, xu thfi phdt trifin khoa hpc, difiu kifin xa hdi va van hoa va ngodi nude; nhung ciing chi la suy nghT ca nhan, quan difim ca nhan, vd vi vdy, ban Id nhieu dieu bat cgp, phifin difn Tuy vay, ngudi vifit manh dan trinh bay nhiing suy nghT ay, coi nhu Id mdt dip kiem thdo tinh hinh, ngd hau cimg ban ludn de di dfin mgt sy thflng nhat chung (met each tueng dfii) vfi nhiing gi can lam thoi gian tdi, nhdm dua nganh nghifin cttu Han Ndm di diing quy dao phat trien khoa hgc, phyc vy myc dich chung ctta cdng ddng Cd the cd ngudi cho rang nhftng kfi hoach vd dy dinh ke tren khdng khoi mang tinh "Ii tudng", "mo mpng", "thodt Ii hien thuc"; nhung tfii tin rang, la nhung thdeh thuc ma bfii canh duong dai ddu thfi ki XXI dd va dang ddt dfii vdi nhiing ngudi Iam cdng tac Han Ndm Chttng ta cd thfi thyc hifn dugc den dau sd nhftng du dinh ay, thi cdn thufc vdo nhieu nhdn td, kfi ca khdch quan vd chtt quan; nhung quan trgng nhat vdn Id nhdn tfi ngudi, ma cu the d day la nhan lyc khea hgc treng ITnh vyc Han Ndm Vi vdy, van dfi dao tao chuyfin mdn dang la van dfi thifit than nhat ctta nganh Hdn Nom Nhd tho Nga ndi tifing Rasul Gamzatov (1923-2003) timg cd cau ndi nfii tieng: "Nfiu ban bdn vae qua khtt bdng Sling lyc, thi tuang lai se bdn tra bgn bdng dai bdc" Dd la each ndi hinh tugng ciia mgt nhd tho ve mdi quan he gifta qua khtt, hifn tai va tuong lai Trfin thuc tl, khdng nfin va khflng can phai cd "sung lyc" hay T^P CHi HAN N M SO (141) - 2017 "dgi bac" mfii quan hf hilu co giiia ba giai doan dy, ma chi nfin tfln tgi su ke thira cai cu, tifip thu cai mdi, mdt each cd chpn lpc, trfin tinh thdn "dn cfl tri tan" Cd nhu v%y, xa hdi mdi phat trien bfin vung, hJC la sy phat trifin cd thfi Iam thoa man nhu cdu hifn ma khong Idm phuong hgi dfin kha ndng thod man nhu cdu tuong lai Nganh Han Nfim can cd stt mfinh trd nhip cau trung chuyen gitta qua khtt, hifin tgi va tucmg lai J N.T.C Chtt thich , John DeFrancis, Colonialism and Language Policy in Viet Nam, The Hague: Mouton Publishers, 1977 ^h phan ki giai dogn thirc dan Phap, ngodi each lay moc thdi gian 1861 nhir John DeFrancis, cac cfing trinh stt hpc d Viet Nam thudng lay moc nam 1838 NGUYiN TUAN CITONG liiu luu trie vi Viit Nam giai dogn cgn hien dgi: Gid trt vd khd ndng tiip can Dai hpc Qufic gia Hd Nfi va Dgi hpc Aix-Marseille tochttc, HaNpi, 27/10/2016 Ve lich stt hinh va phat trifin cua Vien NCHN, xem: (1) Viin Nghien cuu Hdn Ndm: 30 ndm xdy dung vd phdt triin 1970-2000, Ha Npi: Vifn N^ien cttu Han Nfim xuat ban, 2000 (2) Trinh Khdc Manh, "45 nam Vien Nghien cttu Han Nom", Tgp chi Hdn Nom, sfi 6/2015, tr 3-18 Giai doan 1979-1988, Vien co ca cdu gfim Phong - Ban true thupe: Ban Han cfi, Ban Han can Ban Nfim, Ban Van ban hpc, Phong Siru tdm Bdo quan, Phong Tu lifu Thu vien, Phong Hdnh chinh Qudn tri Tfi chtte, Phong KT thuat Giai doan 1988-2000 co 11 Phong: Phong Vdn ban hpc Han Nom, Phong Nghien cttu Van tir Hdn Nom, Phong Nghien cttu Van tjch Han Nom, Phong Nghien cttu Han Nfim dan tpe vd khu vuc, Phong Nghien cttu ttng dung, Phfing Tin hpc Han Nom, Phong Suu tdm, Phong Bao quan thu tich co, Phong Thfing tin tu lifu thu vien, Phong Phue chl va Nhan ban, Phong Hanh chinh Qudn tri Tfi chtte Tdi vu Xem: Trinh Khic Mgnh, bai dadin, tr 3-4 Phgm Le Huy, "Qua trinh du nhap chu Han vdo Nhgt Ban va Viet Nam: Mpt cai nhin so sanh", in trong: Phan Hai Linh chu bien, Bdi gidng chuyin di nghien ciru Nhgt Bdn: Ljch sir vdn hod -xd hgi, HkHo'v Nxb Ba khoi nghien cttu, khoi tu lieu, The gidi, 2010, tt 31-50 khfii chtte nang, trirdc ddy Ian lupt gpi la Nhttng tri thttc khai qudt vg chtt Nom, khoi nghien cttu, khfii phue vu nghien cttu, xem; Nguyin Quang Hong, Khdi lugn vdn tu khfii gidp vifc Vifn trudng; ttt nam 2016 dfii sang each gpi nhu trfin hgc chitNdm, HdNpi: Nxb Giao due, 2008 Ve khfii nguon ciia chtt Qufic ngtt, xem: Roland Jacques, Nhimg ngiedi B6 Ddo Nha tiin phong link vyc Viit ngu hgc Ha Nfii: Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hfii, 2007 10 Co cau phdn phong thudng phii hgp vdi tttng giai dogn cy thl Sau 15 nam tai ca cdu phan phong (ttt 2000), hf th6ng cac phong da din liic khfing cfin phCi hpp vdi dieu kifn hien Vifc tdi cau tnic cap phong se can thyc hifn som tgi Vien NCHN Nguyin Tuan Cudng, "Ngufin tu lieu Han Nfim tgi Vifn Nghifin cttu Han Nfim: 11 v l lich stt hinh thdnh va phat triin cua Ljch stt hinh thdnh va kha nang khai thdc", Bf mon Han Nom, xem: Bf mon Han Nfim, bai vilt dy hpi thao qu6c tfi Cdc ngMdn ldi Bon muai ndm ddo tgo vd nghiin deu Hdn LiNH VUC NGHIEN CUtJ HAN NOM Ndm (1972-2012), HdNoi: Nxb Dgi hpc Qufic gia Ha Nfi, 2013 12 Tong quan vl cac hf thong vdn ty d Viet Nam, dgc bift Id van ty ciia cac dan tfc thieu so, xem: Ngi^ln Vdn Lpi, "Chtt vilt ciia cdc dan ^ thilu so d Vift Nam", in trong: Nguyin Hihi Hoanh chu bien, A^m ngjr, cfdr viit cdc ddn tgc thiiu sd & Viit Nam (nlmtg vdn di chung), Hd Npi: Nxb Ttt diln bach tdioa, 2013, tr 274-344 13 Ngfin ngtt Tdy, Niing, Cao Lan khd gan gui, cho nfin chtt Ndm Tdy, Nom Niing, Nom Cao Lan ciing cd nhiiu net tuong dfing; vi vay nhiiu ngirdi thudng quy chung Igi mot logi vdn ty gpi chung la "chft Nfim Tay" Bai viet chii tnrong tach biet de trinh bay 14 Ve loai chu Nfim Vift, Nfim Tay, Nom Dao, Nfim Nggn, xem: Nguyin Quang Hing, sdd 15 v l tinh hinh nghifin cttu cac loai van ty theo logi hinh chtt Han d Vift Nam, xem: R.'ffeJS (Nguyin TuSn Cudng), {^ ^ 11 H 27 S ; (2) Nguyin Tudn Cudng, Nguyin Dinh Hung, "Multi-scripts of Sinograph, Nom Script, and Romanized Scrijit in Vietnam's Classical Texts," p^wr for The 3rd Intemational Conference on Viemamese and Taiwanese Studies & 8th Intemational Conference on Taiwanese Romanization, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, November 12-14,2016 19 "Ngdnh Hdn Nom" khdng phai Id mft phdn nganh khoa hpc (discipline) d bat ki quoc gia ndo khdc ngoai Viet Nam Tuang ducmg vdi nganh Han Nfim d Vift Nam, cd thl kl den ngdnh "Han hpc" ( ; ^ ^ ) , hode "van hien hpc co diln" (-^^X.^^-^^) d mpt sl nude Dfing A, hoac nganh "ngtt van hgc cfi diln" (classical philology) d Au MT 20 Khai thugt vl Han Nfim mien Nam, xem: Doan Le Giang, "Tu lifu Han Ndm Nam bp: Ki tte dan tfic va cong vifc n^ien cttu hifn nay", Tgp chi Hdn Ndm, so 6/2016, tr 49-55 21 Phgm Quang Minh, "Mpt val suy nghT vl khoa hpc xa hpi va nhan van trfin 16 v l chtt Thai va chtt Cham, xem: Tr4n thl gidi boi cdnh toan cau hoa", in Tri Doi, Nghiin cuu ngdn ngie cdc ddn tgc thiiu trong: 100 ndm nghiin cuu vd ddo tgo cdc s6 Viet Ncan, Ha Nfii: Nxb Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha ngdnh khoa hgc xd hgi vd nhdn vdn a Viit Npi, 2000, tr 208-244 Nam, Hd Npi: Nxb Dgi hpc Qufic gia Ha 17 v l chtt Latin ^ i cdc ngfin ngtt d Viet Npi, 2006, tr 381-387 Nam, xem: (I) Tiin Tri Doi, Sdd, tr 251-257; 22 Hpi thao Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xd (2) Hoang Thi Chau, Xdy dung bg clot phiin hpi Vift Nam chii tri, Vien NCHN la don v| tl dm cho cdc ddn tgc thiiu si a Viit Nam, Hd chtte, 27/8/2016 tai tru sd Vifn Han ldm Npi: Nxb V5n hod Ddn tfc Ha Npi, 2001 (3) Khoa hpc xa hfi Vift Nam, so I Lieu Giai, Ba Nguyin Vdn Lgi, bdd Dinh, Ha Npi Co 45 tham ludn hodn chinh eda 18 Ve van dl da tfin van ty, da h^h van ty, 48 tac gia dupe Ban To chuc lya chgn, xem bdi viet sau cua chung tfii: (I) / X V • Tieu ban co 18 tham lugn, Tieu ban cfi 12, fv r^ y • 5}- y (N^iyfin Tudn Cufing), •" Tieu ban co 15 Trong so 48 tdc gid ddng gop cho Hpi thdo, co 15 tac gid Id cdn bg vifin chtte Vien NCHN, 33 tac gid tgi din ttt khdp ba # @ S-OiviI.:fc^ 24-28/6/2016 A5^^^#m*j, m-ncitmo^ 100 ^ 19 T^P CHl HAN NOM SO (141) - 2017 miin Bdc Tmng Nam Xem Diln van khai mac, Bdo cao dl dSn, va mot sfi bai viet cua Hgi thdo so chuyen dl ciia Tgp chi Hdn Nom, so 6/2016 23 Con s6 "vdi tram" la chi tinh nhom c6 quan diem r5 rang, co phdn tich va dua luan dilm 6e bao vf quan diem cua minh; khfing tinh nhung y kiln bang qua, tat ngang, khdng CO lugn diem, luan ctt, luan chttng 24 Phgm Quang Minh, bai da ddn 25 Dang Cpng sdn Viet Nam, Vdn kiin Dgi hgi dgi biiu todn quoc ldn thu Xll, Van phong Tmng irong Ddng, Ha Ngi, 2016 26 Mgt vi dy gdn nhdt vl cfing bfi quflc tl ciia ngdnh Han Nom: Tap chi Nghien cuu cha Hdn / ^ ^ ^ ^ (tap chi hgt nhan cua Han Quic c6 chi so KSCI, in tgi Susan bang tilng Trung Quoc), so 14, cuoi thang 4/2016 vtta dang "So chuyen de nghien cttu van ty Vift Nam" ( ; * ^ * « ^ ^ ^ - # - « ) , CO bdi ciia can bg Vifn NCHN: Nguyen Quang Hong, Dinh Khac Thuan, Nguyen Thj Oanh, La Minh Hang, Hoang Phuang Mai, Tran Trgng Duong, Nguyen Tudn Cudng Ngoai co bai cua cac tac gia Vift Nam: Nguyen Tu Mai, Pham Van Hung, Quach Thi Nga Day la lan dau tien cd mgt tgp san khoa hgc nude ngodi dang so chuyen de ve van ty hpc Viet Nam, chti yeu cdc nha khoa hpc ctia Vien NCHN thyc hifn Cac bai viet dugc tuyfin lya ttt cdc tham lugn Hpi thdo quoctl Vdnlgvdivdnh6aDdngA($:.S-X k-^Xit - East Asia: Scripts and Culture) Vifn NCHN chu tri, Hfii Hdn ty hpc the gidi (-S^jl^^^-t-) vd Vifn Nghien cttu Hdn ty Hdn Quoc ( # g l ^ ^ ^ f f f ) phfii hg^ to chtte tai HdNfi 15/8/2015 27 Xin luu