Đôi nét về văn bia có nội dung khuyến học của nghệ an

DOI NET VE VAN BIA CO NOI DUNG KHUYEN HQC CUA NGHE AN LE THi THU HUOfNG'** Tom tdl: Tu lieu van bia Han Nom co npi dung khuygn hpc cua Nghf An hien thfing ke dupe 102 van bia, bao gfim van bia dl danh Tiln sTtai Van miiu Thang Long, Van miiu Hui ghi danh cac vi dfi Dgi khoa que Nghe An va van bia dia phuang tao dung trai khdp tren dia ban tinh Npi dung khuyin hpc dugc till hifn fl vifc xay dung, trung tu van tu, van chi, vo miiu, ghi danh ngufli dfl dgt khoa trucmg, ghi tilu sft danh nhan, hoat dpng cua hfli Tu van, Tu vo tgi dia phucmg Day dugc coi la nguon tu lieu co gia tri dl nghien cftu vl khuyin hpc ciia viing que giau truyin thong hilu hpc va khoa bang hang dau ca nu6€, tft nit nhffng bai hpc kinh nghifm qui^ bau cho hogt dpng khuyen hpc, khuyen tai ttong giai dogn hien Tu khoa: khuyen hpc, bia khuyen hpc, Nghf An Abstract: Sino-Nom literature on the promotion of education in Nghe An is currently listed 102 epitaphs, including Ph.D epitaphs in the Temple of Literature Thang Long and Hue which are credited to Nghf An candidates of Dgi khoa, and the local epitaphs installed in the province The spirit of study encouragement is realized by the building, and restoration of Vin tu Van chi (literature), Vo mieu (martial arts), the notification successful candidates, the biographies of renowned people, and the operation cf Tu van and Tu vo associations This is an invaluable material for the study cf traditional learning encouragement throughout the country and enables us to draw useful lessons for the learning promotion at present Keywords: Learning promotion Learning encouragement inscriptions, Nghe An Nguctn tir Ufiu wong, dia phuong, bia ghi vific xay dyng "Bia khuyfin hoc la mflt nhftng thl tai cua van bia Viet Nam bao him npi dung de cao Nho giio, bifiu duong nhin tii, neu guong ngufli tflt vifc tfit ttong lihh vuc hgc tip cflng nhu khoa cft, ttfin co so ay dgng vifin, khich lfi mgi nguoi phin diu vuon Ifin ttong hgc tip"' Van bia khuyfin hoc dugc tap trung chft yfiu fl ^ ^ ^ ^ " ' ^ ^ *=^' ' ' ^ * ™ ^'^ ^^"^ *^"' "^'^ ^^" '"^ ^ ^ " ^ ^ ' ^^ P*'^ ''°"S ho'^ghe An la mgt tinh Ion nim o phia Bic mifin Trung, nfii tifing la dit hgc Noi diy d i sin sinh nhifiu danh nhin Uch sft, nhi khoa bing, nhi khoa hgc, " ^ i vin hfla nfli tifing, gop cflng Ifln sy nghiep dung nuflfc va gift nuoc nhflm vinbia dfi danh Tiln sT cdp trung **'ThS Vifn Nghien cuu Han Nfim 70 DOI NI:T VE VAN BIA C6 NQI DUNG •Chinh vimg dit dfl, ttii theo chifiu dai lich sft lufln diy len phong ttio khuyfin hgc tft khap cac thfin, xflm dfin tfing, huyfin Van bia khuyfin hgc la mflt minh chftng cho difiu dfl Hifin a Vifn Nghien cuu Han Nom va tgi cic dia phuong cfta tinh Nghe An cfln luu gift 102 thac ban van bia cfl npi dung khuyen hpc Chung tap trung o hai nhflm: tiha nuflfC tgo dung v i dia phuang Imn Vin bia n h i nuflc tao dung: 24/82 bia V i n mifiu Thing Long'; 23/34 bia Van mifiu Hufi' khac tfin ngufli Nghe An dat Vin bia dia phuong Iam ra; thac ban bia Vifin Vien dflng Bic cfi va \^f n Nghifin cftu Han Nflm suu tdm 35 bia; bia tgi dia phucmg dugc gifli thieu cufin Vdn bia Ngki An 20 bia (tap trung o myc bia van tft, tft vu, nhi thinh, nhflng van bia trich sach hoac khong co ky hifu, hoac khong cfl chft Han^) Tfing cgng tft ngufln trfin chftng ta cfl 102 vin bia (47 van bia nhi nuoc tao dung, 55 van bia dia phuong lim ra) cfl npi dung khuyfin hgc Diy l i ngufin tu lieu cfl gii tti dfi nghifin cftu ve khuyfin hgc cfta Nghf An ttong qui khft Bai vifit niy xin tip trung tim hieu vio nhom van bia dia phuong lam 2.Thurc tr^ng van bia co noi dung khuyin hoc cua Nghe An 2.1 Phdn bd theo khdng gian Theo thong kfi cua chftng tfli bia khuyfin hgc dia phucmg lam nam rai ric ttong 10 huyfin cfta tinh: Luong Son (6 bia), Anh Son (1 bia), Dfing Thanh (8 bia), Yfin Thinh (8 bia), Nghi Lgc (4 bia) Quynh Luu (8 bia), Hung Nguyfin (1 bia), Nam Dan (8 bia), Difin Chiu (5 bia), Thanh Chuong (6 bia)^ Sfl lifu trfin cho thdy, huyfn Dfing Thanh, Quynh Luu, Yfin Thanh v i Nam Dan diu cfl (8 bia) chifim 14,5%, cac huyfn it bia nhdt la huyfin Anh Son va Hung Nguyfin (1 bia) Tror^ sfl nhihig van bia khuyfin hgc tgi tinh Nghe An, phdn Ion moi thfln, xa, moi di tich chi cfl 1, bia nhu: Van chi thfln An Thinh xa Dfi Lucmg (I bia), vin chi thfln Ly Nhan xa Tifin Ly tfing Ly Trai huyfin Dflng Thinh (1 bia), dfin thfl Cucmg Quflc Cflng Nguyfin Xi (Ibia), thfin Van Tip xa Quy X i huyfn Dong Thanh (2 bia) Van chi xa Dien Thg huyfin Difin Chiu (2 bia) nhung cung cfl cKa phucmg, di tich cfl nhifiu bia khuyin hpc nhu nha Thanh tong Xuin Lifiu (3 bia), xa Quynh Dfii (4 bia), dinh xa Vo Lift (6 bia): Lick dgi dgi khoa bi ky B.'KX^^it Li triiu Huang cdng bi chi ^^^^[^i^ Le trieu Hieu sinh Sink bi cki^^^ i i - S : - * ^ ^ , Hodng triiu Cu nhdn bi ki J ^ ^ A ^ i e , Hodng Piiu Tu tdi bi cki ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , Hodng Piiu Tii tdi bi ky ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i t Dfl la nhung dia phuong cfl truyfin thfing khuyfin hgc, hifiu hpc va khoa cft hing diu ciia Nghf An 2.2 Phdn bo theo tkdi gian Trong so cac tiiac ban vin bia khuyin hgc cua Nghe An dia phuong lam hifin luu tru tai Vien Nghifin cftu Han Nfim chftng tfii ghi nhan van bia cfl nifin dai sflfm nhat la Tkdi su Cuang Qude cdng bi ky ii^H'^-'Si^it sogn vao nim Quang Thuan thft (1467) dyng lai vio nam 1928 Tifip la nhung van bia dugc dung vio thfli Lfi Trung v i thflfi Nguyfin Tuy nhifin, cfl kha nhifiu nifin 71 L^THITHUHU-ONG T/^F CHI HAN NOM SO (143) - 2017 dai trfin thie b i n van bia bi lam gia, tkdc bdn vdn bio^ chftng toi d i tiiong kfi can x i c dinh lai mOt cich chinh xaQrdo dugc cfl 21 thac ban bia cfl su ngyy tgo vfi la nhung thie b i n bi lam gia nifin dai nifin dai Sfl nien dai dugc ngyy tgo nhifiu t i p tnmg fl nhflm van bia Vifn Vifin nhit la nifin dai Cinh Hung (11 van bia) dflng bac cfi Phap suu tdm Dua tten kfit nien dgi uoc doin cfta cic van bia niy dfiu qua nghien cuu cfta Nguyfin Van Nguyen stt TSn bia Ki hi|u N°2638-39 ] Le nham d90 trai Nguyen tiin sinh thp tang ^ ^ i l ^ Srm £>ucmg tien sinh tu boc N°2655-56 thp ttne a < t j t il h ^U Thuan Trung tong van chi bi N°2653-54 Thuan Trung xa bi lu *fe,^ N°2657-58 Truing Ml xa bi ki/ ST hoi ddng bi lii -fel^^i-J^il/i N"2671-72 Bai khoa li4t vi/Hieu sinh >ft411-2114 TU tai lift vi:kfi»ii.lit± Hoang Xd xa v3n hgi bi ki N°2394-97 Being Xd tong tuvUbi ki ^ N"2374 Hgi Tdm thdn vdn hgi/Vdn chi bi kl •#••(.•#*•#•/Ail N"2628-29 10 Thugng thu Thieu bdo Due Qudn cdng Hd Tudng cdng tic dudng bi ki ^'$•1''^^ 11 An sdt Hd Trgng Tudn bi ki/ Tien tir Phgm cung nhdn ISy NiSn a^i trgn thdc bdn Cdnh Hung thir (1744) Ni§n d^i ud'c dodn Thanh Thdi thii 5, Qui Ti (1893) Canh Himg thir 33 (1772) Cdnh Hung thii (1748) Canh Hung thii 34(1773) Tu Diic thii 22 (1880) Thanh Thdi thii (1897) TuDtte thii 34 (1881) Cdnh Hung thir 16(1755) TuDucftii 16(1863) Canh Hung thii 15(1754) D6iNguyln> ndm 1828 Canh Hung thtr 15(1754) Canh Himg thii 16(1755) Canh Hung Dinh Silu Ddi Nguyin > ndm 1861 Thi?uTiithu6(1846) N"2818-21 C4nh Hung thir (1746) TuDiiclliii7(1854) N°2826-27 Cdnh Hung thii (1748) TirDiii:thu9(1856) Dcri NguySn > nSm 1855 vdn « « « # i » # K / i t ) Sau nien d^i Cdnh Hung, 07 thac ban d?ii thuQC nien liieu Tvt Diic, voi nam thii thoi Nguyin dugc ngudi suu t§m nguy tao tuong duong' vi du: Vmh Thinh thu 13 nien d^i Vuih Thinh, uoc doin Tv Due thil 13, VMi Thinh thii Nguyen Van Nguy6n u6c doan 6/7 nien 30 uoc doan la Tu Diic thii 30 Cu the; 72 DOI NET VE VAN BIA C NOl DUNG Stt Ten bia Kl hifu Nien dai trSn thdc ban £>d Lircmg tdng bi kU Bd Luang tdng td dien bi chl ifXA'^H./tf N°2661-62 VTnh Thinh thiH3(1717) f^dn Tap thdn nho tien N°239S-2401 VTnh Thinh thu 16(1720) I^dn Tdp vdn chi bi ki N"2423/24 Vinh Thjnh thil ' Ly Nhdn vdn hgi bi M N"2392/2425 VTnh Thinh th(r3(1707) Lirang Son huyen bi ki N"2659-60 VTnh Thjnhlhii9(1713) An Ldng xd vdn chi bi ki/ An Idng xd Vdn hdi bi ki N°2667-70 VTnh Thjnh thii ' N"2830-31 VTnh Thjnh Canh Thin' K6 miiu bi ki ^0sl^it Nien d^i ird'C dodn Tu Diic thu 13 (1860) Tu Duclhil 16 (1863) Tu Ducthu31 (1S78) Thcri Nguyln,>nam 1868 Tu Due thii (1856) Tu Dliclhll30 (18T7) Tu Diic Canh Thin (1880) Co thac ban ngyy tao nifin dai Bao Trong sfi 20 tiiac ban van bia chftng tfii Hung: Quynk Luu huyin triing lu Id vii tiiam khio v i ttich tft cufin Vdn bia Nghe bi ki ^ ^ m ^ n - m ^ ^ i t ki hifiu An CO 9/20 vin bia khflng ^ nifin d^, N°2823 nguy tao Ii Bio Hung tiift 1, 11^0 bia lai deu cfl nifin dgi thuflc trifiu uflfc doan l i Thanh Thai thft 1; Triing tu Nguyfin: Thanh Thm (4 bia), Ty Dftc (3 tu vU bi ki/ Trirng tu tie vii quyin ciing bi bia), E)flng Khinh (1 bia), Bao Dai (3 bia) ki ^i^n^^-'^i-tf^m^m^^-^ ^ hieu N " - 3 nguy tao la Bio Hung Nifin dai cfta 102 van bia dugc chftng tfli thfing kfi nhu sau: thft 5, uoc doin la Thieu Tri thft Nien dai Le Trung Trieu Nguyen Khong ghi nien dai T o n e cpng So bia 38 12 55 2.3 Ngudi soan bia: Nhflm van bia dia phuong lam cfl 18 van bia khong ghi tfin soan gia, bia Hgi Tu vin, bia Hgi Tu vo, bia ghi hgc trfl (Pho Scan gia C o soan gia Khong CO soan gia T^ng cdng Ty le % 9.09% 69.0% 21.9% 100% bang, Tft tai, Cft nhin) sogn, soan gii la Trgng nguyfin, 13 Tifin sT, Pho bang, Cft nhan v i Tft tii Cy thfi: S6 bia 38 17 55 Hgc vi cac sogn gia vin bia khuyen hgc cfta Nghe An: Ty le % 69% 31% 100% LE TW THU Ht/ONO TAP CHi HAN NOM SO (143) - 2017 Stt Hoc vi cao n h a t Hgtgn Van Ddc Giai x l t t t " Tien sT Nguyin Dilc D^lt ^ ^ i i Tien sT K i hieu t h a c b a n va sach c h e p 2832 -33; 2848 - 49; 2818-2821 2398-2401;2661-62 Cii nhfin 2423 -2424 Cao Song T h i e ti9.^ Tran Dinh Phong F*Jii|ft Tii tdi 2423-2424 TiSn sT 2430-31 H6ChuC4ti^;SI# Tii tii 2628-29 Tien sT CH nhan 2659-60 D6 Quang " * t * Nguyen Trgng Tuu [Sc'fl'^ 10 Nguyin Thanh R JiS," NguySn Dang Duong P t ^ ^ Tien sT 2657-58 C u nhan 2671-72 11 12 Le Huy Toan # * ¥ « » Cil nhan 2394-97 Pham N h u Xuong is.-itfi§i Tien sT VHv.277 13 14 Nguyin Hitu Chinh Tien sT 2375/2383 Duong Thuc Hap ^ ^ ' ^ Tien sT 2823 15 Bili Ducmg Lich Tien sT VHv.277 16 Nguyin Ngoe Tien sT VHv.277 17 Nguyen True P t i ^ 18 Pham Dinh Toai 19 20 21 Nguyin Trang Tinh K.& ' fft^S^ ^i^M R.ii Trang NguySn 2653-54 47636 Cd nhan VHv.277 Nguyen Trang Quan K.,^-"^ Cil nhan Van bia Ngh? An LeBaHoan j?.#ia Tien sT Van bia Nghe An C u nhan Van bia Nghe An Ngo Tri Khuong HM.'^ ^ ^ ^ 22 Nguyin Huy Chi i S c i ^ S Tien sT Vim bia Nghe An 23 Nguyen Thdc Dinh Pho bang Van bia Nghe An M.^^ So.m gia bia khuydn hpc ciia tinh N g h e An d a s5 c6 h g c vj cao x a hoi Tien sT la 54.2%; Cii nhan la % : HQC vi So 111rong Tyl6 Trang nguyen 4.3% Tien sT 12 52.1% Pho bang 4.3% Cii nhan 30.5% Tutai 8.7% T o n g c$ng 23 100% Qua trgn thiy dirge vai tto, uy tin cua cac nha khoa bang, hg dugc tin nhiem moi soan vin bia luu truyfin cho hiu t h l Chinh hg la nhftng tim guong sang ve €)6l NET Vfe VAN BIA CO NOI DUNG tinh thin hieu hgc ciing nhu hogt dgng khuyfin hgc dfii vcd nguoi din Nghe An N$i dung phan anh tren bia khuyin hgc tmh Ngh? An: Bia khuyfin hgc cfta Nghe An tap tnmg chft yfiu o miy ngi dung sau: 3.] Ghi lgi viec xdy dung triing tu vdn miiu, vdn chi Ngoii 24 van bia Vin mieu Thing Long ghi danh 30 vi TS va 23 vin bia Vin mifiu Hufi ghi danh 41 vi TS que Nghe An dgi khoa qua tft trifiu Le dfin Nguyfin, chftng tei thong ke dugc 18 van bia dung tgi vo mieu, van tu, vin chi, tu vu tft cip huyfin, tflng, xa, thfln Cy thfi vfl mifiu (1 bia); van tft cip huy?n (7 bia): huyen Luang Son, Dong Thanh, Yen Thinh, Quynh Luu, Nam Dan, Nghi Lgc; cap tong (4 bia): tfing Thuin Tnmg, Do Luong, Dang Xa, Phft Hiu; van chi xa (4 bia): xa Li Trai, Cfl Chu, An Lang, Dien Ky; vin chi thon (2 bia): thfln Vin Tip, Quynh Dfli Ngi dung cfta nhiing tim bia noi vfi vific xay dung, triing tu di tt'eh dfi lam noi tho phyng cic vi Tifin hifin, Tien nho: " ^ ^ -^^^^.X /Hai huyen Dong Yfin ta '^ Van mifiu d i cfl tft liu- Sau nam Binh Tuit bi chifin ttanh tan pha, mfta dfing nim Dinh Hgi trftng tu lgi, chinh vu, bai duflng dfiu gian, hai nha t i hftu dfiu gian Go, gach, gfli, cfing thg, mgi kinh phi dfiu than hao hai huyfin sai thu, din cfta tfing gflp, cung cac khoin tifin quyen gflp, tifin vgng Phu dich thi tfty vific ma liy nguoi fl gin cho thuan tifin Viec trft tinh hing thin hao cftng ttfing coi vific m sfta, nguyfin Huin dgo Lfi quin Sat Trai ttg giup, cfln vific quyen gflp, sai khien vifin Phft thft Nguyin quin Trftc Hifin cung het long viy Viec xiy dyng ttii qua thing mfli xong Qua nam flng Pham quin nguoi Phugng Xuyfin ban bgc voi tinh vfi vific quyen gop tien cua dfi xiy nha giai vu ben trii Qua nam huyfin dung nha giai vu bfin phii, quy mo rflng rii, sing sfta, giflng nhu mfli vay"[ N ' ' - ] Hay bia Triing tu tu vu nifin dgi Bao Hung thft [uflc doan nifin dai Thieu Tri dnx (1845)] fl thfln Quynh Doi, huyfin Quynh Luu: ''4-^.^t^^^'^^Si^ R ^ ^ ^ t ^ l £ i J t ^ ^ ^ ( ) J-Xr/f>& i4.^-i^#^-#-?^ijh-t^/Huyfin ta cfl Tft vu tft xua, tuong truyen li tft Hoing Mai dfli dfin Quynh Lam the chfi khflng cfln tra cftu dugc Nay cho phia Tiy khu din cu thon Qu^nh Dfii la dat cfta Giam sinh Hoin Hai Tft thai Le cu ( ) sau lam nfin van chi cua van hgi thfln fl diy vay" [N''2832-33] Theo quan nifim cfta ngufli din noi diy vific xay dyng trftng tu van chi, van tu giftp cho nghifip khoa cft dia phuong thfim chin phat: Luang San kuyin bi ky ^O^^-R^ie [N''2659-60], Trudng Mi xd bi ki/ Si kdi ddng bi ki ki hifiu ^^^^mtl^-^^mt ^2671- Ti^P CHI HAN NOM s (143) - 2017 72], An Ldng xa vdn chi bi ki ^ i ^ ^ ^ A!ta^ie.[N°2670] dfiu phan anh difiu dfl /Nam Quy Mao (1843) Han lam vifin Trye hgc st Hfle Lu hg Nguyfin hgp cac than hao cua huyfin chgn dat dfi lip dan Tifiu Son, noi cftng tfi rifing bat diu cfl tft Tft su nghifip khoa cft tto nen chin, nhu hg Nguyfin or Van Truflng, hg Nguyen fl Dfl Luang nfli tifip dfi Tifin sT, nguoi Cft nhin, Tft tii cic khoa ngiy cang tang, nfin mfli ban tinh dfli din tilinh Van tft nhu sach ciia huyfin truorc day vay)" [N*'2659-60] Ngoai vific ghi lai vific trftng txx van chi, van tu, bia khac hg tfin nguoi dfi dgt cfta vimg dit dfl, nhu mgt hinh thftc luu danh, bifiu duong tinh thin hifiu hgc, khuyfin khich sT nho phong; Liin Tri gidp vdn tu bi ky ^ i i t T x ? ^ « ^ t & , Vdn Tap vdn chi bi kd f ^ ^ i ± « e [N°2423-24], Vd di [N°2848-49] 3.2 Lieu danh nhdng ngudi dgt ciia dia phuang Van bia ghi ten nhiing-nguoi dfi tft dai khoa (Tien si), trung khoa (Huong cflng, Cft nhin) dfin tifiu khoa (Sinh do, Tft tai), Hifiu sinh, Khfla sinh thuflng cfl ten ggi nhu Dgi kkoa liet vi, Lich dgi dgi khoa bi ky, Le Piiu Huang cdng bi ky, Hodng triiu Tu tdi bi chi, Tiin triiu kkoa bi Theo thfing kfi, hifin cfl 12 bia cfl nfli dung vifit dufli dang ding khoa lyc Nfli dung cua cic tim bia gifing nhu cac sach ding khoa lyc, li ghi danh cic tri thuc Nho hgc pham vi mflt dia phuong Theo ghi nhin cua chung toi cfl 76 L^ THI THU HlfONG 01 bia Dang khoa cfta don vi cip thfin: Vdn Tap thdn nho tien bi ki t^Hi^^ a^ie.[N°2398-24ai] ghi tfin cac vi dfl dat ttong thfin gfim vi dai khoa, vi Huong giai, 12 vi Huong tuong: "^'K:k.^^'\'i^ '^•aS-^l'lM^^^JCac vi tirflng cflng dfi Dai khoa ttii cac dfli thi Hgi trung tam truong Nguyfin Trung Thft, tu li Thifin Hanh, ttai thft Thien Thuit tien sinh- Trftng Giim sinh trifiu Lfi, khoa Quy Mui nifin hifiu Cinh Hung (1723), trftng thi Hgi, lam quan dfin Tri huyfin huyfin Tmng Thuin)" [N'^2400]; hay " ^ ^.PilM3^ac vi tifin sinh dfi Huong giai ttii cac doi: Giam sinh Nguyen Trgng Muu tu Thien Ke, ttai thft hai Thien Thuit tifin sinh, thi vao trifiu Le, iam quan dfin chfte Tri huyfin huyen Chin Phftc)" [ N^2398] 01 bia dang khoa lyc cip xa, dfl li Dgi khoa liet vi/Hiiu sinh Tu ldi li$t vi ^¥tms.m^^^mfL, [N''24II- 2114] khic tfin cic vi dfl dat cua x i Hoang Xa huyfin Dfing Thanh, phan vi dai khoa, 36 vi Tft tii v i sip xfip theo tiion ttong xa: ":^#?ij-f5.^ = f [Slifttt ^ i = r ^ # ' l i ^ ^ o # / D g tam giap Dfing Tifin sT Hoang tuflng cfing ( hfty ia Nhae, ngufli thon Nggc Lam, dftng thft 13 khoa Nhim Tuat nien hifiu Cinh Thflng trifiu Lfi (1502), gift chfte Giam sit Ngu sft, cft di sft Hgi thi trung tam truong hg Vuong, tfin Tfi Dinh thon H i Cat, lam quan dfin ehftc Tri huyfin)" [ N°2411]; hay " ; } t i ^ B I NfeT VE VAN BIA CO NOl DUNG ;^-t*^^ia:fi#H#( ) ;-^§*ti ( )/Hifiu sinh thfln Nggc Lim: Hoing Cflng Mifin ( quan Tifin si), Lfi Ba Thuc, Hoing Lifim Binh, Lfi Min Dftc, Hoing Vifit Hgc ( ) Hifiu sinh thon Ha Cat: Vuong Tuin Due; Hieu sinh thon Viiih Bmh: Hoang True Dao, Hfl Trgng Hy, Lfi Thifin Due" [N''2412] Sfl cfln lai chft yeu l i dang khoa lyc hing tflng nhu tfing Nam Kim, Vo Liet, Xuan Lilu Cy thfi la bia Nho tien luc 6/ Ay •fiS ^ -fS- «^ i t , Nam Kim long tu vu hgu tu: ghi vfi tifiu sft vi dai khoa va 17 vi dfi trung khoa cfta tflng Nam Kim/^'u, sau dfii li tflng Trung Can hay Tiin ttiiu khoa bi ghi tfin, chfte quan cua 16 vi Huong cflng; 46 vi Sinh dfl, hifiu sinh, nho sinh la ngufli teng Xuan Lifiu, huyfin Nam Dan; Kim trieu khoa bi ghi tfin v i chfte quan cfta vi dfl thi Hgi (1 Tifin sT, Phfl bang) ciing 16 vi dgu Huong cfing, Cft nhin, 45 vi dgu Sinh do, Tu tai vao trifiu Nguyen nguoi tfing Xuin Lieu, huyfin Nam Dan Khic voi cic sach dang khoa lyc thuong soan rifing cho ngufli dfl dai khoa vi trung khoa, cac bia dang khoa lyc thuflng ghi chung, theo thft tu ngudi dfl dgi khoa ghi truoc, rfli dfin trung khoa, phin trung khoa Huong cfing truorc, Sinh dfl, Cft nhin rfli dfin Tu tii Co bia ghi chung fl trifiu Lfi va Nguyfin, cfl bia tach rieng ngufli dat ciia hai triiu dai niy Ding chft y hon c i la cym bia dang khoa tai dinh x i Vo Liet huyen Thanh Chuong Noi day gflm 06 tim bia Dang khoa lyc: Lich dgi dgi khoa bi ky, Le triiu Huang cdng bi cki, Li triiu Huang cdng bi cki, Hoang Piiu Cu nhdn bi ki, 02 bia Hodng Piiu Tii tdi bi cki ghi chep ve vi Tifin si, vi Phfl bing, 63 vi Cft nhan v i 377 vi Tu tai trai qua cac trifiu tft Lfi dfin Nguyen cfta tfing VS Liet, huyfin Thanh Chuong, Nghe An xua Van bia Lich dgi dgi kkoa bi ky co ghi "Phan Nhan Tuflng qufi xa Hoang Xa diu Dflng Tifin si chfi khoa nam Nguyfin Hfla thu 14 trifiu Lfi (1546) lam quan fl Vifin Tri phien hinh dugc phong sic Phftc thin nhifiu lin Phan ST Thuc que x i Vo Liet diu Tft tai khoa Canh Ty trifiu vua Thieu Tri (1841), dgu Cft nhin khoa Binh Ngg trifiu vua Tu Dftc (1846), diu Dfi tam giap Dfing Tien sT xuit than khoa Ky DEIU (1849) Lam chanh sft nhi Thanh, lin lugt lam Tham tri hai bfi (Bg Binh, Bg Lgi) ( ) Phan ST Bang que xa Vo Lifit, diu Cft nhan khoa Nhim Ty trifiu vua Duy Tin (1912), diu Phfl bing khoa Qu;^ Sftu trifiu vua Duy Tan (1913) thing Han lim vign Thi dgc, Dflc giio Han tu truflng Quflc hgc'^ Diy dugc coi l i tai lieu dang khoa vfl cftng co gia tri va hifim cfl cfta mgt vimg dat giau truyfin thflng hieu hgc va khoa bang Vi?c ghi danh nhftng nguoi dfl dgt o dia phuong cfl tic dyng khuyfin khich tinh thin hifiu hgc o lang xa Trong khong cfl tii li^u dang khoa chinh thflng nao ghi lai tieu sft cac vi dfl Trung khoa tft Lfi Trung trfl ve truoc thi tu lieu dang khoa cic vin bia fl dia phuong se gflp phan tim hifiu, bo sung nhieu thfing tin hfln ich vfi cic nhi khoa bang niy 3.3 Hogt dgng cua koi Tuvdn, Tuvd Hgi Tu van la mgt ttong nhung to ehftc quin chftng dflng vai ttfl quan trgng hoat dgng ling xa Nhung nguoi tham gia ttong Hgi Tu vin phii li nhung nguoi bifit chft Han, chft Nom, 77 TAP CHl HAN NOM sfi (143) - 2017 cao hon la nhung ngufli dgt khoa truang Mflt ttong nhftng vai ttfl cfta Hgi tai cic thfln x i dfl l i tfi ehftc xiy dung, triing tu Van tft, Vin chi lam noi tho tu Khflng Tft v i cic vi Tifin hifin, myc dich li trt, chin Nho giio, nfiu cao tinh than khuyen hgc cho ngufli dan dia phuang Hifin tai Nghfi An co 04 vin bia cfta Hgi Tu vin, 02 hfii Tu van cip thfln: Ly Nkdn vdn hdi bi S i=- X-^ ^ [N"2392/2425], Hgi Tdm thon vdn hdi t-^^Hyat [N°2629]; 02 hfli Tu van cip x i la Hodng Xd xd van hgi bi ki # ^?i:^-t s^i& [N''2394r97], An ldng xd Vdn hgi bi ki ^ fk i^ X-f ^ i t [N 2669] Ngi dung cua van bia cfta hgi chft yfiu nfli vfi vific xay dung, trftng tu van chi, vin tft: " : ^ ^ - f - : ^ - # - ^ : ^ y o ^ - ^ " E ^ S i t - ^ ^ m h i^-fa^J^iL;fe-/Van hgi thfin Ly nhin ta da cfl tft liu, tft fing Tri phft Phgm cfing xiy Van chi a bfin trii Tien Son, sau chuyfin vfi phia tiy xft Ngam Ly, dugc vai nam lai di chuyfin tfli bfin phii Tifin Son " [N*'2392-2425] Thfli Gia Long vin chi cua thon Hfli Tam dugc xiy dyng a xft Dfing Cfta Tiep sau Hao truflng ttong thfln gflp lai tifin cfta sfta sang lai thinh tfla nha lgp ngfli, thflr phyng tifin hifin: "#i*] ^ • ^ S - L£ THf THU HlfONG tifiu khoa "Huong cong trftng thi khoa Dinh Dgu trifiu Lfi cu Thai Doin Man tifin sinh, thon Yen Lang; Hifiu sinh, Sinh dfi ttifiu Le cu Thai Nhu Lfi tifin sinh, Phan Do Tifin sinh, Phan Tifin tifin sinh Thai Dinh Tuin tifin sinh Thai Dinh Tgo tifin sinh, Thii Phftc VTnh tifin sinh, dfiu la nhung ngufli thon Yfin Ling Tft tai khoa Giap Ngg Thii Vin Truflng tien sinh, Tft tai khoa Giap Ngg, At Mio Thii Van Khufi tien sinh, ngufli thfln Yen Lai " [ N ' ' 6 ] Bia HodngXdxd vdn hgi bi ki [N°2394-97] khic danh sach Giim sinh, Cft nhan cfta xa " | S : i ^#titdbt#i^A^*^i=r^=H-( ) ^'s:^^i^n%H^^^n- ( )^/vR i^ X ^ /Giim sinh Hoang Vin Bin ngufli thfin Phft Difin, Tri huyfin; Hoing Cflng San ngufli thfln Nggc Lam, trftng Tien sT nam Nhim Ty, chau cfta quan; Vuong Tfl Hoing nguoi thon H i Cit ( ); Nguyfin Phftc Hoing ngufli tiifin Ha Cat Iam quan dfin Tri huyen; Cft nhan Nguyen Van Lifim" Hay ghi lgi cac difiu lfi cfta hfii: " i ^ n: -r^:=~n^^n%^ji~^->^t ^ " # # ^ ^ + # - t + ^f,^;-§/(Lfi tfi Dinh chinh tfi vio rim tiling Hai, thing Tim, nguoi mufin vao HOi phii la t^i^lti^i^^i^^^^/CAc vi Hao nguoi thuc hgc moi dugc (tifin quan truflng ttong thfln dfiu quyfin gflp, bo Cftng ttiu rugu) Rugng tfi cho phep canh tifin cfta cfta gia dinh dfi sfta sang, xiy tic, han nim thay ngufli nhin canh tic dung tu du6ng,trfin lgi lgp ngfli, thfim cfl Cam chi chai co bgc nhan ngiy hfli Mftng ngufli dfl dgt, mftng thg ngufli mao, dufli nha miy n h | n ' ' cung tuflng trfin 60, 70 tufli gflm ciu dfli, ttau, rugu" thflng sufit, cao rao sing sfta v§y" [ N°2425] [N*'2629] Vo cft l i mgt bfl phgn khflng thfi Ghi tfin nguoi dfl dgt cua dia tach dfli cfta khoa cft Bfin canh ngufln phuang, chft yfiu ngufli dfl ttung khoa va vin bia cfta Hgi Tu vin, Hgi Tu vo cua 78 DOI NET VE VAN BIA CO NQI DUNG Nghfi An CO 03 tim bia cfta rieng Hgi Bia Vd hgi ti diin bi ky ghi vfi vific xiy dyng nha Thanh cfta Vo hgi xa Tnmg Cin vio n i m Nhim Ty nien hifiu Tu Dftc thft (1852) "CJuan vifin, hao myc, din binh ban dinh tifin hanh bien te, xiy dyng chinh duflng nha Thinh hgi Vo vfi phia dong cua xa, dit rugng tfi v i mua sam te khi" va dat quy dinh ve tfi lfi cfta hgi Vo "Hang nam Xuin Thu lfi tifit, tfi tu lien sau Van hfli tu vfi sau nen tifip tyc tu sfta de khoi hoang phfi" Bia van khoa cfta lang Lifin Tri xa Lifin Thanh huyfin Yfin Thinh vfin d i cfl tft liu, vo giai khong co bia dugc "Lang gap rut suu t i m ghi chep hg tfin, su nghifip cfta cic cy ttong gia phi, tit thiy deu ghi chep dfi dfli sau khong quen", danh sach gfim 82 vi vo giai ttii cac trifiu cfta Iang Vdn vo quan bi x.^'^f^ ghi tfin va chfte quan cfta quan vin v i 14 quan vo ngufli tflng Xuan Lifiu, huyfin Nam Dan nhiing vin bia cfl gii tri khuyen khich tinh thin "ttgng vo" cua ngufli dan Nghfi An 3.4 Ghi lgi tiiu su dank nkdn biiu duang ngudi tdt Pong tap, kkoa cu Hi$n Nghe An co 09 tim bia co nfli dung ghi lai tifiu sft danh nhin, ngufli dgt Lo£d bia niy chft yfiu dugc dung fl tft duong dflng hg, tren bia co the ghi tifiu sft 01 ngucri hay nhieu ngufli ciing dfi dat khoa bang cua dflng hg, ghi ve ngufli thiy dgy minh Soan gii nhiing tim bia la nhiing ngufli dgt khoa danh nhu Trgng nguyen Nguyen True soan Thdi su Cuang Qudc cdng bi ki (NguyinXi) j^tf^mit: i^-ie.[N"47636], Tifin sT Van Dftc Giai soan Thugng thu Thiiu bdo Dui Qudn cdng Nd Tudng cong tu dudng bi ki ^ t 'p- i^^1k^ "^ ^n =f8 'A' ^ ^ ie [N°2818- 2] Hoac hgc ttfl la Pho b ^ g , Cft nhan, Tft tii ciing ghi lai vfi nguoi thiy cua mlnh: Li nham dgo trai Nguyin liin sink tkg tdng : i t ^ J t ^ l f t , ^ i # ^ [N"2638-39], San Dudng tien sink tu bdc tkg tdng O t ^ ^ i g h # ^ [N°2655-56] Sau Thii su Cuong Qufic cflng Nguyin Xi mit nam 1465, vua Le Thanh Tflng cho dung dfin tho fing tgi que nha dfing thfli lenh cho Trang nguyfin Nguyen Trye soan bii van bia dfi khac vao da Tifiu sft, hinh ttgng cfta Nguyen Xi dugc Nguyen True ghi lai mgt cich day dft nhat Dfl chinh la tam guong sang ve y chi, tii nang cfta mgt vi vo tuong qufi huong Nghe An: "-i:^-M.R**I^S-^^#^:^-t|:"-#-J[it ^ ^ • f f F - ^ # ^ : ^ / n g la nguoi hg Nguyin, dugc ban Quflc tinh hg Lfi, hfty la Xi Cha hfty la Hfli, me hg Vo hfty Hach Miy dfli sfing a xa Thugng Xa, huy?n Chan Phftc dit Hoan Chiu Cufii doi n h i Hfi gap buoi binh bifin luu ly, ben den song fl Lam Kinh dfl moi tafli Lfln Ifin ong theo Thii Tfl Cao hoang dfi khfli nghTa, da cftng anh la Bifin, vugt nfti bing sfing, mu ram tfin da, lip nfin cflng lfln ( ) Ong cfln dugc gia phong ia Hun tuflrng quflc Thii phfl Cuong Quflc cong Bflng lgc, c i p bac, pham ttit, deu dgt tfli dot dinh vinh 79 Li THI THU HlfONG TJ^P CHI HAN N M S6 (143) - 2017 quang Ong la ngufli cftng rin m i sang suot, dung cam ma nghia Gap Iftc hftu sy, cfl thfi dftt tinh thin coi trgng lgi ich cfta thifin ha, cho nen truoc sau dfiu cfl cfing lao to lfln dfii vfli qufic gia Lfte lim benh nang, fing dugc sft phyng menh ban cho mgt dgo sic du, bifiu tifin thufic mgt ngin quan va tham hfli lifin tyc)" Tifiu sft quan Thifiu bio ttifiu Lfi li Hfi ST Duong dugc ghi lgi ttong bia Tkugng thu Thiiu bdo Due Qudn cdng Hd Tu&ng cdng td dudng bi ki [N''28 1821]: " i i ^ : J ' M * t ^ " A ^ i ^ ^ ' A ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 1^ ^/Tuflng cfing hg Hfi ham Thieu bio, tuflc Duat Quan cflng thai Le cft, l i bic giac ngg thoi truoc day Dau Tien sT khoa Nham Thin nifin hifiu Khinh Dftc thft (1652), nam Ki Hgi nifin hifiu VTnh Thg thu (1659) dfi khoa Dfing cic dung thu hai Thon ta bat diu dfl Tifin sT la bat dau tft flng Lan lugt lim cac ehftc Tham tyng, Thugng thu BO Hinh, ham Dflng cac Dgi hgc sT, ving menh di sft phuong Bic, tuflc Q u ^ cflng, ngufli ta ggi ong la Bfl Tit sflng, mat flng dugc tgng him Thieu bio Tic phim cfta flng cfl cic tip: Vifit giam trung tu Lam Son trung lyc, Hoanh son Tifin cyc ki, Gia le, Hoge vin luu hanh doi lgi tftng dit rugng hgc o cac xft (rugng fl dia phan Dfing Truoc bin thfln tyc ggi la xft Cfta Chgjion hai mau, xft Tra Bftt hon bay miu, ciliai xft mufli miu) dfi khuyfin khich cho chau cfl thfi dgc sach de thi dfi)" Van bia Tam dgi hodng hoa tu dgi su Nguyin Trong dung tgi nha thfl hg Nguyen Trgng xa Trung Cin khic tifiu sft 03 vi TS hg Nguyen Trgng nfli danh mgt tiifli Ii TS Nguyfin Trgng Thuflng, TS Nguyfin Trgng Duong, TS Nguyen Trgng Duong v i Nguyen Trgng Vo ngufli thft cua Nguyfin Trgng Duflng, ci 04 vi dfiu di sft Trung Quoc Ket Iu3n Qua nhung khio cihi buoc diu vfi bia khuyfin hgc cfta tinh Nghfi An cho thiy hogt dgng khuyfin hgc noi day luon song hinh cftng nfin giao dye khoa cft Nho hgc tft Le So cho dfin het trifiu Nguyfin Pham vi mfl r^ng trfin khip dia bin cfta tinh, tft dflng hg, thfin xa den cic phft huyfin Ngi dung khuyfin hgc dugc chft ttgng o viec xay dung, trung tu van mieu, van chi noi tho cac bgc tifin Nho, thfi hien dao ly tfln su ttgng dao, ufing nuflc nho ngufin Vific ghi danh nhftng nguoi dfl dat cfta dia phuang tai chinh cac di tich ttfin qufi huong hg, cfl tie dung khuyen khich tinh than hieu hgc cfta ngufli din dia phuong mfit each mgnh me hon bao gifl hfit Hgi Tu vin, Tu vo tfl chfte cfta nhflng nguoi tri thftc Nho hgc da cfl nhieu hoat dflng thiet thuc gin voi vific khuyfin hgc cua dia phuang Diy dugc coi l i nhung tu li^u hay, nhimg bai hgc qu;y biu cho hoat dgng khuyfin hgc, khuyfin tai ttong giai dogn hi?n nay./ L.T.T.H Chii thich Din theo Nguyfin Him Mfti (2006), Nghien cdu Vdn bia khuyin hgc Viil Nam (tie thi ky XV din nhiing nam ddu thi ky XX), Lugn an Tifin sT NgU van, Vien Nghien cftu Han Nfim, tt.26 Dao Tam Tinh (2000), Khoa bdng NghiAn(\QlS-\9\9), tr.371-374 Dao Tam Tinh (2000), Sdd, tt.375-379 Ninh Vifit Giao (chii bien) (2004), Vdn biaNgheAn Nxb Nghe An, tr.257-347 Theo Nguyin Hffu Mui (2006), Sdd: Nghe An cfl 20 bia khuyen hpc, do: huy?n Anh Son (5 bia), Dong Thanh, Dien Chau (8 bia), Nghi Lgc (2 bia), Quynh Lmi (3 bia) Yen Thanh (2 bia) Nguyin Van Nguyen (2007), Khdo sdt gidm dinh niin dgi thdc bdn vdn bia, Nxb Van hfla Kfit qua fl muc chiing toi dya tren Kit qud gidm dinh ddi vdi thdc bdn nggy tgo tren bia, phu luc sach, tr 350-376 Nguyfin Vin Nguyen (2007), Sdd, Xem them phan Thuc hdnh gidm dfnh niin dgi thdc bdn, tt.24-283 Xem chli thich Khfing cfl nSm VTnh Thjnh thu 31, chi CO dfin VTnh Thinh thft 16 (1719) 10 Xem chu thich 10 11 Theo Nien bieu Viet Nam khfing c6 nam VTnh Thinh Canh Thin 12 Sau dfii la Vin Dftc Khue X^^ 13 Trong bia Van mieu Hue: Hodng triiu Minh Minh thgp tam niin Nhdm Thin hgi thi khoa Tiin sT di danh bi (1832), ki hi?u N° 05697 ghi la D6 Tfing Quang, chff Tfing bia bi dye kieng h6y, nen vfi sau CO tai U?" ghi ong la Dfi Quang 14 Tftc Nguyin Nguyen Thanh 15 Dong Yen: Dfing Thanh va Yen Thanh 16 Tiin vgng: Nop tiln theo dinh le dfi dugc cfing nhgn ngfii thft cua minh fl lang xa 17 Ninh Vifit Giao (chii bien) (2004), Sdd, tt,3]4-315 18 Nh|n: don vj do, thuflc bSng nhgn Tai lifu tham khao Hpi d6ng gia tfic Dgi tfin Nguyin Dinh, Cucmg Qudc cong Nguyen Xi tgc phd - di hudn - phy luc (tai ban va nang cap), Nxb Nghe An Nguyen Hftu Miii (2006), Nghiin cdu van bia khuyin hoc Viit Nam dd the ki XV din nhiing ndm ddu thi ky XX), Ludn an Tiln sT Ngu van, Vi^n Nghien cftu Han Nfim Nguyin Thuy Nga (2016), "Nguon tai lieu Han Nfim ghi danh ngirfli dfi thi Huong", Tgp chi Hdn Nom, sd 2(35) - 2016, tt.41-51 Nguyin Van Nguyen (2007), Khdo sdt gidm dinh nien dgi thde bdn vdn bia, Nxb Van hfla Ninh Vilt Giao chu bien (2004), Vdn bia Nghi An, Nxb Nghp An Pham Thj Thuy Vinh (2006), "Cic nha khoa bang va Nho hpc fi Iang x3 Vi?t Nam qua tu lieu van khic Han Nfim", Nho gido d Viet Nam (Ki ylu H^i thao Quoc tl), Nxb Khoa hpc xi h^i Ha Nfii, (tt.330-342) Trjnh Khic Mgnh (2006), Vdn bia di danh Tiin sT Viii Nam, Nxb Giao dye Trjnh Khic Mgnh chii bien (2007), Thu myc thdc bdn vdn khdc Hdn Nom Vi?t 81 T^lP CHI HAN N M S6 (143) - 2017 (.£ THI THU HWONG Nam, tap 2, Vien Nghifin cftu Han Nom, khdc Hdn Nom Viit Nam, (lap 3), Nxb Van Nxb Van hoa Thong hoa Thong tin tin Trjnh Khac Mgnh - Nguyin Van 10 Trinh Khic Mgnh (2012), Tin tu Nguyen - Phillippe Papin (Ban chi dao ten hiiu cdc tdc gia Hdn Nom Viet Nam, chucmg trinh) (2007), Tdng lap thdc bdn vdn Nxb Khoa hpc xa h^i Ha Npi H O P THLT B A N D O C Trong thoi gian gan d i y Tgp chi Hdn Nom da nhan dugc b i i cfta cac t i c g i i : Phgm Quang Ai.Thfi Anh, VQ Viet B i n g , Nguyen T u i n C u o n g - Nguyen Thi Tfl Mat, Nguyen Thj Duong, T r i n Trgng Duong T r i n Van Dgt, Chu X u i n Giao, Nguygn Thj Hi^n, Nguyfin Van H o i i , T r i n Van Huy, Nguyen Dinh Hu'ng, Nguyfin Thi Lam, Nguyfin Cfing LJ, Lfi Thj Mai, Trjnh K h i c Manh, Huong Nao, H o i n g Thi Ngg, Nguyen Van Ngoan, Nguyfin Van NguySn, Nguyen H6ng Phue, Mai Thu Qujnh, VQ Tuan San, Vu Thanh, Dfl Thj Ha Tho, Dinh K h i c Thuan, Nguyin Anh Thyc, T r i n V i n Tien, Tnnh Duy T u i n , T r i m Thanh T u i n , Nguyen Dflng Trl^u, T r i n V i n Trgng, Phan Tnfong Qu6c Trung, Nguyin Van Trung, Dinh Cong VT, Pham Thj ThCiy Vinh, Nguyen Dgi Co Vigt, Pham T u i n Vu, D y o n g Nggc Trieu Vu, Yoshikawa Kazuki Tgp chi Hdn Nom xin chin cim on vi mong tifip tyc nhan dugc su cgng tic cfta Quy vj TCHN ... Trang Tinh K.& ' fft^S^ ^i^M R.ii Trang NguySn 2653-54 47636 Cd nhan VHv.277 Nguyen Trang Quan K.,^-"^ Cil nhan Van bia Ngh? An LeBaHoan j?.#ia Tien sT Van bia Nghe An C u nhan Van bia Nghe An. .. So bia 38 12 55 2.3 Ngudi soan bia: Nhflm van bia dia phuong lam cfl 18 van bia khong ghi tfin soan gia, bia Hgi Tu vin, bia Hgi Tu vo, bia ghi hgc trfl (Pho Scan gia C o soan gia Khong CO soan... Luong Son (6 bia) , Anh Son (1 bia) , Dfing Thanh (8 bia) , Yfin Thinh (8 bia) , Nghi Lgc (4 bia) Quynh Luu (8 bia) , Hung Nguyfin (1 bia) , Nam Dan (8 bia) , Difin Chiu (5 bia) , Thanh Chuong (6 bia) ^ Sfl