VAN BIA VA CUM DI TICH PHAT GIAO HUYEN DONG TRIEU XU'A TRUONG THI THUY'" Tom tdt: Huyen Dong Triiu tinh Quang Ninh von la trung tam di tich Phat giao Tnic Lam, hifn luu gitt nhieu di tich va van bia Tu lieu van bia d day phan ldn da dugc lam thac ban luu gitt tai Vien Nghien cttu Han Nfim Thyc trang tu lieu nhu the nao, cung nhu gia trj tu lieu cua van bia hdu nhu chua dupe khai thac Vi vay, bai vilt gidi thieu khai quat vl he thong van bia cum di tich nay, cung nhu gid trj tu lieu vdi cum di tich Phat giao Dong Trieu Tiekhda: Van bia, Dong Trieu, Phat giao True Lam Abstract: Dong Trieu district, Quang Ninh province, the center of True Lam Buddhism preserves a number of monuments and stone steles Copies of these inscriptions are stored at the Institute of Sino-Nom Studies in Hanoi However, its state and values are not fiilly explored This article introduces the collected inscriptions and investigates how important it is to the Buddhist monuments in Dong Trieu Keyword: Inscription, Dong Trieu, True Lam Buddhism Khai luge ve van bia huyen Dfing Trieu 1.1 Theo Dgi Nam nhdt tkdng cki huyfin Dfing Trifiu thupe phtt Kinh Mon tinh Hdi Duong: "PWa Dfing din dia gidi huyen Yen Hung tinh Qudng Yen 34 dam; pWa Tdy dfin dia gidi huyfin Chi Lhih phtt Nam Sach 22 dam; pWa Nam din dia gidi huyfn Giap Son 10 ddm; pWa Bdc din dia gidi huyfn Luc Nggn tinh Bdc Ninh 19 ddm" Do dieu kifn chtt quan vd khach quan, bdi vifit ndy xin gidi tWfiu van bia huyfin Dflng Triiu Wf n va Khu di tich danh tiidng Yfin Ttt (nay tiiufc tiidnh phfl Uflng Bl, Quang Nmh) Phdn ldn van bia huyfin Dong Triiu da dugc lam thdc ban luu gitt tai kho bia 40 Vien Nghien cttu Han Ndm Sd van bia hien ndm rai rdc d 13 xa, thi trdn huyfin, nhu thi ttdn Mao Khe, xa An Sinh, xa Binh Ducmg, xa Dttc Chinh, xa Hoang Que, xa Hdng Phong, xa Kim San, xa Tan Vift, xa Thtty An, xa Trdng An, xa Yfin Dttc, xa Yen Thg va xa Xuan Son Van bia huyen Dfing Trifiu tgp trung chu yfiu d chtta, dinh, dfin mieu, cu the la: Chtta co 17 di tich, gflm chtta Non Ddng (Mao Khe) bia, chtta Tuyfit (An Sinh) bia, chua Phtte Tri (Binh Son) bia, chtta Hoa Yfin (Dttc Chinh) bia, chtta Ndi Hoang (Hodng Que) bia, chua Qufi Lat (Hoang Qui) bia "*'ThS Vifn Nghien cttu Han Nom VAN BIA VA CVM DI TICH PH^T GIAO chtta Trifiu Khfi (Hflng Phong) bia, chua Cd Gidn (Kim Son) bia, chua (jia Md (Kim Son) bia, chtta Nhue Hfi (Kim Son) bia, chua Hd Lao (Tan Vift) bia, chua Qu^nh Lam (Trang An) 16 bia, chua Cdnh Hufing bia vd chtta CW Lmh (Yfin Due) bia, chtta Thg Trang bia, chua Lmh LTng (Yfin Tlig) bia, chua Yfin Thg (Yfin Thg) I bia, chtta Thugng (Yfin Thg) I bia Dinh cd 10 di tich, gdm dinh VTnh Tuy (VTnh Tuy) bia, dinh Binh Son bia va Hodng Xa Ha (Binh San) 11 bia, dinh Binh Luc (Hdng Phong) bia, dinh An Bifin (Thtty An) bia, dinh Duong Dfi (Yfin Dttc) bia, dinh Xuan Quang (Yen Thg) bia, dinh Yen Lang (Yfin Thg) bia, dinh M l Son 12 bia va dinh Dflng San (Xuan Son) bia Dfin CO di ti'ch, gfim dfin An Sinh bia va den Thanh tfi vua Tran (An Sinh) bia, din Di Ai ^ l i c Chinh) bia, din Dttc Son bia va dfin Hang Son (Yen Dttc) I bia Mifiu cd di ti'ch (Dttc Chinh) bia, nui Cen Meo (Yen Due) bia Nha thd cd di tich: hp Pham (Hdng Phong) bia, nha thd vi tfl (Yfin Dttc) 10 bia Ve nifin dai, van bia huyfn Ddng Trifiu hifn bifit cd nifin dai ttt thdi l/jfTrdn din thoi Le, Tay Son va Nguyen Cy the nhu sau: Thdi Ly cd bia, la bia chua Quynh Lam, nWen da bi mai di dfi khac lai vdo thdi Lfi Trung Thdi Trdn bia: nifin Weu TWfiu Phong thttS (1348) va Khai Hyu flitt3 (1331) Thdi Le Trung himg cd 25 bia: nifin hifu Hodng Dinh tiiu (1607) bia nifin hieu Thinh Dttc thtt (1653) nifin hifu Canh Tri thtt (1664) nifin hifu Chinh Hoa (1680-1705) nifin hifu Bao Thdi thtt (1722) Leng Dttc tiitt (1733) bia, Hung(1740-1778)llbia bia, bia, bia, bia, Canh Thdi Tay Son cd bia: mfin Weu Quang Trung bia, nien hieu Cdnh Thinh I bia Thdi Nguyen cd 83 bia, gdm nien hifiu Gia Long bia, Minh Mfinh 14 bia, Thifu Tri 10 Wa, Ty Dttc 20 bia, Kien Phtte bia, Thdnh Thai bia, Duy Tan bia, Khdi Dinh bia, Bao Dgi 15 bia Nhu vgy, tidi ttt thdi Ly dfin thdi Nguyfin, cdc di tich huyfin Ddng Triiu dfiu cd van bia Tuy nhifin, thoi Lfi so vd thdi Mac thl ky XV vd XVI chua tim thay van bia ndo 1.2 Ve van bia d Khu di tich vd danh thang Yfin Ttt, theo Trinh Khdc Mgnh cd 33 van bia thuflc cac chtta: Chtta Cdm Thyc I bia, chtta Long Dpng bia, chua Gidi Oan I bia, chua Hoa Yfin 11 bia, chtta Mpt Mdi bia, chtta Van Tifiu bia, chiia Ngga Van bia^ Van bia va di tich Phat giao Dfing Triiu xua Hdu het tu lieu vdn bia d day dfiu phan dnh rd Hch su timg di tich Chtta Met Mai vdn la am Li Trdn thdi Trdn Vua Tran Nhan Tdng thudng sang ddy dge sach, soan kinh Cac kinh vdn, thu tich ctta TWin phdi Tnic Lam Yen Ttt dugc bien sogn vd tang trtt d day, ngudi sau lap chtta d am Chtta cd nhifiu tfin ggi khac nhau: Vao thdi Le, chtta CO ten ggi la chua Bd Da Ddu thfi ky XX, ggi Id Ban TWfin ty, nhan dan TRUONG THI THOY T^P CHI HAN NOM s6 (141) - 2017 thudng gpi Id chtta Mft Mai vi chtta tpa lac gitta lung chung trdi, ntta chtta phfi ben ngoai ttdi, ntta Igi an sau ttong hang ddng Van bia Yin Tie san Bdn Tkiin lu lap bi minh^-^di-^^-^ S-^ii, etta chtta dung mflng thang 12 nam Binh Ty nifin hifiu Bao Dai (1936) trifiu Nguyen cho bilt ro lai Hch, ten gpi ctta chtta ttt thdi Trdn trdi cdc thdi ky sau do: '"/p,^^4i:^ih^A ij # t / Chtta Ban Mai, nui Yen Ttt, tinh Quang Yen, trai cdc triiu tifin Ly, Tran, Lfi trude ddy da Id ngdi tung ldm tien nggn mii, cd nhifiu vi tu hanh ddc dao Dau Phat gdt Tien, mudn dan sung bdi Ttt den bj suong gid ndng mua huy hogi, cdnh rimg ntti the luong ma vifc tu tgo tWfin lam vdn ehuacd tai lyc de stta chiia" [1^47848] Cf ddy cdn co mpt logt bia khdc bdi vi cac TWen su, nhu bdi vi Hue Xuan Dgi Due Tdn Gia, bdi vi Tiiien su Tuf Nhat v.v Cum van bia dfin An Sinh, ttong dd cd bia dung nam Chinh Hoa thu 11 (1690), gW lai ngy vi cac vua Trdn an tang tgi day:« f^^£.S±t-^^^^^ tgi An Sinh ^fin Anh Tong Hodng dk bang ngdy 16 thdng nam Canh Than, Iang tang tai xtt Dfing Thai 65 mdu; Muih Tdng Hoang dfi bdng hd r^dy 19 tiidng nam Dinh Dau, Idng tang tgi Dfing Muc 65 mdu; Dy Tdng Hoang dfi bdng 25 thdng ndm Ky Dau 65 mdu; Nghe Tdng Hoang de bang 15 thdng 12 nam G i ^ Tuat, Idng tdr^ tgi Dfing Thdi, 65 mlu; Khdm Minh vu Hifin dao An smh Hoang dl bang 20 thdng 10 nam Tdn Hgi, Iang tang tgi Dfing Sinh, 65 mau ; Trdn trieu tam thdnh tfi Phat tgi cdc xtt Ngga Van, Tu Phue, Hai TWen Nhdn Tfing Difiu Ngy Dfi nhdt to Phat, mdt mdng thang 11 nam Mau Thdn Nilt ban tai fflnh bao thap chtta Ngga Van" [N" 46449-52] Am Ngga Van d xd An Sinh, am c6 tugng Tran Nhdn Tfing ndm Noi ddy hifn cd mpt sd van bia, tieng co van bia: Trung lu Ngga Vdn lu'Sii^&\-'$ ^ dyng nam "CWnh Hda thdp nien tiiap nguyft nhi thap ttt nhgt/jE.^-j ^+ fl ^ + Eg / Ngay 24 tiiang 10 ndm Chinh Hda thtt 10 (1689) tiilu Lfi" Van bia cho biet day la noi Trdn Nhan Tfing tham tiiifin: "?^$nM.'^M.^$,^^4^^^ f ^ ^ # - ^ i < - « * j | ^ , ^ / Hodng dl ttilu Tran bd ngdi cae quyin qu^, dfin chfin Wem rttng sau, phat gai md chon ctta tWen Tram ndm rdng khudt Dinh Hd^ ddu tien cdn mai; than tugng cao voi dinh nui, kfit duyen tii luyf n.[N° 4552] f^—T^J Trdn tiifiu vi Hoang dfi tang Tai Am Ngga Van Wfn cdn co Phdt Hodng tkdp -ff^^i^ (tiiap Phat Hodng) chua xa Igi ciia Giac Hoang Dilu Ngy Tran Nhan Tdng, ben tiong thap vdn bia ghi: " i l j ^ ^ - ^ i L ' i t ; H ^ i S l ^ i i ^ « ^ l F i VAN BIA VA CVM DI T I C H PH-^T GIAC ^ ^ ^ - f - ^ l - i ^ ^ ^ P i ^ / Bai vi tiid Difiu Ngy vuong Phdt Ddu Da TTnh tuf Gide Hoang, td tiitt nhdt phai Tnic Ldm, vi vua thtt ba triiu Tran Nhan Tdng hoang dfi " (chua cd ki Wfiu) Chua Lan xua Id rapt nhung ngfii chtta quan ttgng hfi thfing chtta, thdp ctta TWin phai True Lam Yen Ttt Chtta gflm cd hfi tiidng bia thap: Vien Quang thdp E ^ ^ , Sde kiin Tick Quang th^ ^^^^^^ dyng ndm Bao Thai flitt (1727), Bdo Quang thdp f jfc J^; (^in Tkiea tkdp ^ ^ ^ , Giao Quang thdp ^ i t ^ dyng nam Cdnh Hung thtt 32 (1771), Lien Pkuang tkdp ky %fy^^it Tue Nhan sa mfin Thdn Than d chtta Bao Quang ntti Ldm San soan Cum van bia chtta Quynh Lam nhu van bia An Nam cd lich danh lam Di nhdt Quynk Ldm bi ki ^^^^:^^% — ^ # - # ^ ^ g | ^ « ^ & , cho bifit chtta dugc xay dyng Igi khd quy md vao nam VTnh To thu (1621), gdm Thugng difin tang, thifiu huong, tifin duong, huong vu, Hau Phat dudng, hai ben hanh lang, hgu tang phdng odn Sau dfin nam Canh Hung tiitt 30 (1769) lai dugc tu stta, md rdng quy md, cimg viec tu stta, tdi tgo khu thap mp Dd la thdp mfi ctta cac Phat tfi tttng tu tri tai chua Van bia Cling cho ta thdy Phap Lea cung lay mdt phdn xa li ctta Trdn Nhan Tfing dat ttong thdp Thdng Thifin Tu xay tai chua Qu)mh L a m : " f e ^ ^ j : ^ ^ i E ^ - h E ^ - ' i t ^ i ^ # P ^ # ^ # ' J / N i e n hifu Khai Thai thtt (1325) 14 thdng nam At Sttu, Bao ttt Hoang Thai hgu dfin chua Quynh Lam mdi su Phd Tue Minh Giac tdn gia td thtt hai ddng Trttc Lam giang kinh Hoa NgWfim dfin hpi thtt chin, md hfi dan trang dem dfi Ifi ngan Phdt, lai xay hai toa thap bdng dd dl cdt xd Ii ctta vi tfi thtt nhdt ddng Tnic Lam Id Difiu Ngy Kim Phat" [N° 46239-46240] Nhu vdy bufii dau lap Thien phdi Tnic Ldm, Yfin Ttt thi chtta Quynh Lam da la tnmg tdm phgt gido ldn ctta khu vyc vdng cung Ddng Trifiu Tu lieu vdn bia cho thdy da co nhung chtta d ddy dugc xay dung ttt thoi tien Ly, trai qua nhiiu ldn trttng tu, tu stta d cdc trifiu dgi Dinh, Ly, Trdn, Lfi Dgc bifit chua dugc tfln tgo hoan chinh vae cudi trieu dgi Ly - Trdn (the ky XIII dfin gitta thfi k;i' XIV) va nguoi co cdng Ion ttong vife tu tae, md mang de chtta Quynh Lam trd mpt trung tam Phdt gido Idn ctta ca nude va mgt gidng dudng quy mfl phyc vy cho vifc gidng tap kinh sach Thiin tdng chinh Id thiin su Phap Loa " / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ T t - ^ F i M - f t ^^^fU^ydil^^-^ /Nguyen cd cac vi td su d cac tiilu Ly, Dinh, Lfi, Ly, Trdn, Td su Phgt Khfing Lg Iam lgi tugng Di Ldc cao tiorgng 60 thudc Hgi chtt Ly thi B? ttt cung dung thugng difn tdng cao 70 tiiudc rfing 50 thudc Rdi sau triiu Trdn trttng tu tdi tao, ghi lgi cac bdc dl vuong, heang h^u, qufic mau nhan chtt, cac Thai nu hdu cung TAP CHi HAN N6M SO (141) - 2017 TRUONG THI THCIY cac quan vSn vo tri6u, cac Ioai tha thuyen dan chung doi xua da mo long bfi d6 tu hanh bfi tat, bfi thi tam bao, mo mang danh lam chua quan, khap cac chfin thi son lam" [N°4623946240] Chua Quynh Lam thoi Tran la tnmg tam Phat giao True U m , dSn thoi Nguyen, chua duoc Iri va ^mh hucmg d6n PhSt giao L3m Te Bai minh tien thap khac nam Tu Diic thu (1851) CO noi dung sau:" E^ ,t J i l t * n '& n ff i# i# >f" ^ ft s^«L^ '^m.i ^^@.M,n $, t « ft * ^ T -ff « e 1.9 ;t i* « 'A SL $ ii-^ T Vrii t-ãằ iis m ^ ô ằ *b a f* I t + # i - :)t |JL -ffl » i a tt s4 / Chua Qujoih Lam niii Tien Du Tnic Lam la th§ng dia nam hai thi& uy6n Trai cac doi phung tho da lau, diu tich Din thoi TrSn gap dip sinh Thanh ttiSt, Phat hoang xuit thS ma chtnh giao, aimg hai tfi Phap Loa, HuySn Quang lam Tam t6 Mat thift tam nguyen ctog khai nhan tang truySn nfii, nhung doi sau khfing thiia nfii Tiam nam sau dfin thoi L4, cfi Chuya cong hoa thucmg tir phuong BSc d6n phuong Nam ttuyen djo Ijp Lam T6 chanh phai ttong thien Tnic Lam cung la chu tfi cua vjn hfii Ion ttong gioi Phat" Ngay phiic sinh thang 10 nam Tan Hgi nian hieu Tir Dire thii (1851) kinh can ghi l^i" 44 Van bia chua mii Thien Lieu, goi la den Diic Son xS Yen Diic Cfi bia dung vao thoi TrSn, co tieu d6 la Thien Lieu son ^^di Bia khfing ro hoa van Tran bia khic chu- noi theo hang ngang tir phai qua trai 14 ThiSn Lieu sm Giira 16ng bia khic ba chii nfii to choan hk phin Ion mat bia tii tren xufing la 7am bdo dia i f l i (dit Tam Bao) Hai ben khSc mfii ben dong chii Han, khic nho theo hang dgc tu phai qua trai Nfii dung cho bia CO vi dugc ban quflc tinh la TrSn Khic Ki va Bao Q u ^ cfing Trin cfing ciing cho trang Ma Lieu Iam ctia Tam bao, giao cho nghia de (nguoi em kit nghia) la nha su Huong Lam chu tri trflng nom Phfi sii Thim hmh vien, Nghe An Giam sat sir ho Tran di nh|m chiic or phii 16 Ngh§ An, ^ Iim lai cho ngu6i trai ca la Trin Nguyen Huy lam giam thu, coi Tam bao phung tha huong hfia Cac dong chii ben trai cho biit han hanh dugc vua Trin den dfii ten Thien Lieu son tu lam Siing Niian dien Dac ban cho Thai tnrong lao Huong Lam nom Dong lac khoan dugc ghi la ".«g*t/X.^rfi,^^fl # r a B ftHWtmii^u Phong bat nien Mau Ty nhi nguy$t so tii nhat Trin Qufic Cuong thu" Chir nguyet or day dugc khic theo lfii kieng hiiy thoi Trin, bot nft gifia: "Ngay mung thang nam Mau Ty nien hieu Thieu Phong thii (1348), dcri Tran Du Tfing, Trin Qufic Cuong ghiT Van bia chiia Non Dfing thi tran Mao KhS dung nSm Khai Huu thir (1331) cung \k van bia khd som V5n ban chti Han bi mir nhifiu, cfi chii nguyfit khac bot net theo djmg chir hiiy thai VAN BIA VA CVM DI TICH PHAT GIAO Tran Vdn ban Ngu stt Trung thugn dgi phu lg Ly Nhan hg Pham soan Vdn bia chua Phtte Tri: Trimg tu Pkuc Tribi ki -ii^^^^it, dung nam Hodng Djnh thu (1607), nguyen pheng each trang tri tien bia Mge Van bia ghi vific Thai vuong tdn Le Thi Nggc Nuang hifu Hue Minh ngucri xa Tuyfin huyen Lfii Duong phu Thifiu Thien mua ddt ciing; cung cdng due tin thi cd Dd dfic Nggn Quin cdng Nguyen Dinh An tu Hue Nhan, Qudn phu nhan Nguyen Thi Nggc Phdc Nhu vgy, van bia Han Nfim d quan thfi di tich E)6iig Tiifiu xua cd sd lugng Idn, npi dung phong phu, cd gja tri nhifiu mat nghien cttu lich stt di tich dia phuong, nhdt la hf thdng kifin true tdn giao (am, chua, thap) lien quan den lich stt ciia Thien phai True Lam vua Trdn Nhdn Tong sang Idp vdo ddu thfi ky XIV E)dIaAm-chiiaNgog Van, noi vua Tran Nhan Tdng, Difiu Ngu gjac heang True Lam dai sT tu hanh va hod Phat; chtta Qi^nh Lam, Thien vien ctta Thiin phdi True Lam; chua Hfi Thifin, chdn tu hanh cua cac cae tdr^ cua Thifin phai True Lam Dfing thoi tu lifu van bia cung cho tiiiy su anh hudng sau dam cua Phgt gido True Lam din thdi sau, nhdt la thdi Lfi Trung va thdi Nguyin Chmh vi thl md di tich Phat giao d day lufin dugc hi vd bdo tfin dkn nay, trd tiianh di san vdn hda ciia dan tgcy T.T.T Chu thich: Dgi Nam nkdt thong cki, tap 2, bdn dich (2012) Nxb Lao dgng - Trung tam Vdn hda Ddng Tdy, tr 1226 Trinh Khdc Manh (2015), ' T u lifu Hdn Ndm khu di tich vd danh thang Yen Ttt", Thdng bdo Hdn Ndm hgc, Nxb Thfi gidi Ha Npi Bai vifit da thdng ke mifiu td khd ddy dtt va chi tilt, d day chttng tdi chi neu ve sd lugng van bia Tue vua Trdn Nhan Tfing Diln Dinh Hd chi vific nhd vua bang hd, d ddy voi y Trdn Nhan Tfing vien tich Tai lieu tham khao Thich Thanh Ttt (1995), Tkiin su ViitNam, Tp Hfi Chi Minh Le Mgnh Thdt (2001), Lick sir Phdt gido ViitNam, tap 2, Nxb TP.HCM Tdng lap tkdc bdn vdn kkdc Hdn Ndm (2005-2006), Vifn Nghien cuu Han Nfim - Vifin ddng Bac cfi Phap, Nxb Vdn hda Thdng tin, Hd Ngi, 2005-2006 Di lick lick sie vdn kda nkd Trdn tgi Ddng Triiu (2010), Ban qudn 1^ cac di tich tipng dilm Quang Ninh An Nam cd tich dank lam di nkdt Quynh Ldm Phgt thiin try quoc triiu bi i^ie N " 46239 - 46240 Yen Tie san bdn thien lu lap bi minh^^^A^A^^^^,^^ AlU^ rniu Quang tkdp, *> j t i ^ , N " 46241-43 Ddng Minh bdo thqj ^ a ^ f J§, N " 27208 Thien Lieu son Tam bdo dia,^'$idi X^i&.N''46639 10 Trinh Khdc Mgnh, (2015), "Tu lifu Han Nfim khu di tich danh thdng Yen Ttt" Thdng bdo Hdn Nom hgc, Nxb The gici Ha Npi 11 Dgi Nam nhdt thong chi, tap 2, ban dich 2012, Nxb Lao dpng - Trung tdm van hoa Ddng Tdy 12 Duong Vdn Hoan (2015), "Gidi thifu tdm bia Ngga Vdn tu bi d chiia Ngpa Van nui Yen Ttt", Thong bdo Hdn Nom hgc, Nxb The gidi Ha Nfi 45 ... Long bia, Minh Mfinh 14 bia, Thifu Tri 10 Wa, Ty Dttc 20 bia, Kien Phtte bia, Thdnh Thai bia, Duy Tan bia, Khdi Dinh bia, Bao Dgi 15 bia Nhu vgy, tidi ttt thdi Ly dfin thdi Nguyfin, cdc di tich... Bao Thdi thtt (1722) Leng Dttc tiitt (1733) bia, Hung(1740-1778)llbia bia, bia, bia, bia, Canh Thdi Tay Son cd bia: mfin Weu Quang Trung bia, nien hieu Cdnh Thinh I bia Thdi Nguyen cd 83 bia, ... tich, gdm dinh VTnh Tuy (VTnh Tuy) bia, dinh Binh Son bia va Hodng Xa Ha (Binh San) 11 bia, dinh Binh Luc (Hdng Phong) bia, dinh An Bifin (Thtty An) bia, dinh Duong Dfi (Yfin Dttc) bia, dinh Xuan