Vai trò của những nữ thân tộc triều lê trung hưng với việc ban cấp tạo lệ nhìn từ tư liệu văn bia

VAI TRO CUA NHIJ>JG NtT THAN T O C TRIEU LE TRUNG HUlVG V l VIEC BAN CAP TAO LE NHIN T f TXr LIEU VAN BIA vu THI LAN ANH'*' Tom tat: Nhirng phu niJ than tgc trieu Le Trung co rSt nhiSu dong gop vai ljch sii dan tpe tren cac lmh virc Dfii vol viec ban cap tao le, ngufin tir lieu tren van bia buo^c dSu da ghi nhan nhung cfing hifin ciia hp Viec tim hjfiu vfi vai tro ciia hp dfii voi xa hfii Viet Nam thoi trung dai, thai dp tri 3n cua trieu dinh va nhSn dan dfii voi hp qua nhttng tur lieu lgi tren van bia tao le se gop phan bfi sung them vS sa nghiep cua mot s6 nhan vat nii diing sau cac bac quan vuong, c6 ca nhung nhan vgt chua tung duac su sach nhae ten Qua day muon khang dinh vi tri va val tro khfing the thieu ciia nguo'i phu nu Viet Nam tien trinh phat trien cua lich sur Tie khoa: Nu than tfic trieu dinh, thai Le Trung hung, tao le, vai tro dfii vai xa hpi Abtracst: Abtracst: The royal ladies under Le Trung Hung dynasty made considerable contributions to the history of the nation in different fields Finding tao 1^, the source material ofthe epitaph, their contributions are really recognized Studying their role in the Viet Namese society in Middle Ages, the court's and the people's gratitude shown to them, which were recorded in the remaining materials on the tao le inscriptions will be a compliment to the career of female characters who worked behind the monarchs, including those who have never been noted before Thus, we intentionally confirm the position and indispensable role of Vietnamese women in the development ofthe history Key words: The royal court lady, Le Trung Hung's dynasty, tao Ie, role in society T ^ hoi ky L6 Trung hung, voi nien d^ lich sii keo dai hon 200 nam (1545 1787) la mot giai doan dac biet vl thiet chS chinh tri khong th8 tach roi ti6n trinh lich su dan toe Viet Nam Chinh vi su dac biet ma thai ky da CO rat nhiSu ctog hiin lich sir canh tan dit nuoc va dS lai dSu to trSn nhieu lmh vuc: lich sir, van hoa, giao due, kita tnic, nghe thuat vcri su tham gia dong gop cua nhiSu giai ting "» hoi Trong do, co su dong gop khong • * ? c™ nh™g ng"™ vH nu ton quy Ti™ Hnh ma ten tuoi cia hp truySn ^^ Rieng ITnh vuc van hoc Han Nom co the nhae den Chieu Nghi Truong Thi Ngoe Trong' v6i tac phim to Nom Hoang Thdi hau f Lan su tich * ^ " co, Hoang hau Trinh Thj Ngpc T r i e ' mpt nguoi phu nu gioi tho phu Han Nom da duoc hpc gia va (-ITIIS NCS Vien nghien ciiu Han Nom TAP CHi H A N NOM SO (143) - 2017 ngoM nuac biet tieng, v.v va rat nhieu hoang hgu, cung phi, cung tan la nhiing nguod co quan he thSn tfic voi trifiu dinh da dong gop vao sir on dinh cua qufic gia Dai Vifit, khien nguoi dan Vi?t Nam noi chung ma phu nft Viet Nam nhifiu thfi he to long nguong mfi Vi the cua nhiing nguoi phu nu than tfic trifiu dinh giai dogn Le Trung la chu dfi cua bai nghien cuu Thfing qua viec tim hieu cuoc dai va nhiing dfing gop cua nguai phu nft tft nhihig thfing tin ghi lgi tren van bia tgo le the ky XVII - XVIII, bai vifit mufin gop ph3n bfi sung them ve su nghiep cua mpt sfi nh&i viit nft dftng sau cac bac quan vuang, co ca nhiing nhan vat chua tung duac sft sach nhic tfin Qua day muon khang dinh vi tri va vai tro khfing thfi thiSu cua nguai phu nft Vi^t Nam tifin trinh phat trien cua lich sft dSn tfic Tgo 1$, nhu da trinh bay mpt s6 bai vifit tnrcfc day, 1^ mfit hinh thftc ban cdp dgc an ma vua Le chiia Trinh tifip nfii tifin nhan ban cho m^t dia phuong, mpt di tich, mpt nh&i vgt nhftng dgc quyen dac loi lien quan true tiep tai dcri s6ng dan sinh nhu: mien thus khoa, phu phen, t£^ dich, xay cau, dap de, lam duong, v.v , theo tinh chdt cua tftng vung mi^n dfi chSm lo phung sir cho cfc di txch hoJic nhflng nhan vat co cong lao dong g6p d^ic biet theo qui dinh Irong thfi chfi cua trifiu dinh^ Trong dfii tuvng dugc ban cdp Iam dSn tao le la nhSn dan lao dflng kh§p cac dia phucmg tu B5c Trung bp trcr Bdc trfin phgm vi 12 tinh Trong h o ^ canh lich sft Iuc bdy gia, mk xa hfii da bdt ddu co syr phan hfia giai c ^ , cuoc sor^ ciia nguai dan d nfing 58 VU THI LAN ANH thon dfti^ tmdc mufin van kho khSn, ihi van de thltt co y nghia quan trpng dfii voi doi sfing dSn sinh E>fing thoi, ciing la each de trieu dinh thfi hien su t£^ trung m§t sfl quyen lirc chu yfiu troi^ vai tro tri vi ddt nuoc, mot phdn mufln tao them ddu dn ve mOt xa hfli CO ki cuong va thfi chfi thfii^ qua hinh thftc ban cap tao lfi Truac tifin dfi dfi, mpt bO phgn van bia tao lfi dugc dung len de tfin vinh cfing lao cua nguoi phu nft t h ^ tpe, cflng ia net dfic dao irong vi8c q u ^ li ddt nu6c giai doan Trong so nhiing thac ban van bia co npi dung ghi chep vific tao le tai Vifin Nghien cftu Han Nfim hien chung tfii dugc biet*, co han 20 van bia ghi ve su dong gop cua cac nu than tpe trifiu finh nhSm thuc ddy viec ban cdp tao le cua trieu dinh dfii v6i nh§n d&i Nhiing ngucri phu nft nay, voi vai tro dac biet cua minh khfing chi anh huong tcri trifiu finh, ma ho cflng dong gop cho nhan dan so dien s ^ va tifin bgc khflng nhfl, trg giup nhan dan luc khfl khan C ^ van bia tgo lfi chii yfiu CO nien dai thfi ky XVII - XVIII v^ dugc dat a cac di tich quan trpng, nhftng dja danh gdn lifin voi nhan v^t lich sft, trfin qufi huang cua cac vi nft thfin tgc trifiu dinh CO ten dong gop tren bia voi each thftc tao khdc rat trang trpng Dieu Cling phdn nao thfi hien su tfin trgng ciia trieu finh va nhan dan dfii voi cfir^ lao cua nhiing nguoi phy nft dgc biet Nir than toe trieu Le Trung va vai tro dol song xa h$i Khoang hem 100 nSm cuoi thcri Le Trung hung, xS hgi ddy nhflng bien dfing dugc phan anh nhung qui dinh cua luat phap duong thai, nhftng loi khai cfta cac phu lifiu v^ vific kien tung va nhihig VAI TRd CUA NHtJNG NCT THAN T Q C lenh chi cua cac chua Trinh ve qui dinh quyen han xft an, ban cdp, thuang phat, CO nhdc dfin viec chua Trinh cac lenh chi qui dinh ve vific lfi bai, xay dung, trung tu chfta chifin Rieng dfii voi nhung nft than tflc, trieu dinh da gianh cho hp mgt vi tri quan trpng Lick triiu tgp ky ghi: "Nam Duong Dftc thft (1672) cfl vific: Bpn Tham tung Vu Duy Chi vang lenh ban vific truy phong cha me cho cac cung tdn nfii phft tiieo thft bac Kifin nghi ay dugc chua Trinh ung thuan"^ Thai ky Nho hgc dang chifim vi tri quan trpng xa hgi, nhung cac vua Le va chua Trinh thuc tfi lai tfln sung dao Phat Trong nhan dSn, nhifiu nguoi da cung tifin gop tien, cung rugng, tham gia tIch cue vao viec tu sfta xay dung chua chien va luu danh ten tufli cua minh o nhieu hang muc cong vific Tao lfi cung nam sfl cac cflng viec can thiet cua doi song tam linh cgng dfing phuang xa thai bdy gio Do la ly dfi tfin tuoi cfta vkvtDg phu nft than tgc trieu finh xuat hifin nhieu tren vSn bia tao le Theo khao sat cua chung tfii, nhflng ngucri phu nft tham gia vao vific tao le thoi ki dugc ghi lai tren van bia bao gom nhifiu phdn: Qufic mdu, Hoang Thai hau, Hoang hau, Vuong phi Qui phi, Chifiu nghi, Chieu dung, Cong chua, Cui^ phi, Cung tan, v.v Tifip den la phu nhan cua cac quan dai thdn trieu finh, cua mgt sfl vi cflng thdn a dia phuong nhung co cflng lao voi trieu finh, v.v Nhu vay co the thay, hg la nhflng nguoi phu nft rdt co uu thfi xa hgi co mfli quan he mat thifit, la thSn tflc voi vua chua, co am hifiu vfi npi bg trieu finh va cac nhan vat trpng yfiu Truoc het la Hoang Thai hau, ngucri cfl anh huong bac nhdt nfli cung, co thfi t ^ dgng true tifip toi vua CO su vu lifin doi, CO viec xin cho dan dugc ban lam tao lfi Van bia Phung link cki ^ ^ t [N" 2880] nien dai Phue Thai thft (1646) tai chua Ninh Phftc, xa But Thap, tflng Dinh Tfi, phft Thulin Thanh, tinh Bdc Ninh; khac nguyen vSn to Lenh du cua chfta Trinh Thanh vuong ghi viec Hoang Thai hSu Trinh Thi Nggc Tnic bam xin chua cho dan huong lgc cac ngach thufi xa Nhan Thap, vfin xa co chiia Ninh Phftc la noi tiio Phit: " i f t J ^ ^ ^ ^ i - S i f * ^ ^ ^^-^ fi-ft ^ % / C h a n h cung Hoang Thai hgu Trinh Thi Nggc True cung bam Dgi Nguyen soai Thflng quflc chinh Thai Thugng su phu Thanh Vuoi^ (tue chiia Trinh Trang) lenh chi nguyen cap binh dan cac hgng va cac hang ngach thufi cho dan xa Nhan Thj^ huyen Sieu Loai, hang ma ngu lgc" Ve xuSt thSn cfta nhftng phu nu nay, ngi dung cac van bia ghi tieu sft rat ro rang Dfi du difiu kien vao lam phi tdn thi ngoai dung mao xinh dep, cfit each tinh hoa thi IJ lich cua nhung nguoi la yfiu tfl lufin dugc chu y Hdu hfit nhftng nguoi buoc chan vao trifiu dinh vai tu each gi, ke ca lam thi nhft (vu em) ciing phai trai qua qua trinh dugc tuyfin chgn nghiem ngSit Trong so nhiing Hoang hgu, Cung phi, Cung tan dugc dfi cap v5n bia tao le cfl rdt nhifiu ngufii xuat thin gia dinh danh gia, cha me la nhflng nguoi co cong lao hoac moi quan he huyfit thfing voi trifiu dinh Tieu 59 T ^ P CHI HAN NOM so (143) - 2017 bifiu sfi phai ke dfin Hoang Thai hgu Phgm Thi Nggc Oanh, vg cua vua Lfi Thdn Tflng, ba la Tuong quan Phgm Dinh Kien, nam 19 tuoi, d3 dugc voi vao cung hiu Lfi Than Tfing, sau sinh Lfi Huyfin Tong, dugc phong lam Hoang Thai hiu [N''1209] Hoac la nguoi cfi xudt than danh gia vgng tfic, van bia Bdn Tick tu phue dien bi - ^ ^ ^ 7SW«^ [N''5529] nifin dai Thinh Due thu (1657), tai chfta Ban Tich, tiion Binh Luang, xa Dinh Loan, tfing Nghia Trai, huyen Van Lam, tinh Hung Yen ghi: " i ^ ^ JEi ® ^ i A''uong phu van miu hp Trin nguoi thugc dong doi vgng tgc d huyen Thifin Ban phu NghTa Hung trdn Son Nam, li nguoi khoan tft nhan hiu, ham lim vi|c thi?n, co mfii luong duyfin tfit lanh dugc theo hiu Dai Nguyen soai Thong quoc chinh Thugng chft su sinh Nguyfin soai Chuong qufic chinh Tay Dinh Vuong (tftc chua Trinh Tgc)" Ngay nhflng nguoi dugc chpn lira vao hdu trieu dinh thi phai li nhftng nguoi cfi dftc hgnh dugc mpi nguoi cong nhan Vin bia Ckieu Ngki tkdn tie bi ki flS-f^^fC ^ i e [N" 13082] nien dgi Due Nguyen tiiu (1673), tai lang Chifiu Nghi, xa Phuong Xa, tfing Phuong Xa, huy^n Gia Lgc tinh Hai Duong vifit vfi Vuong phu Thi ngi cung tin ngucri hiu cfta chua Trinh Tac nhu sau: ''^^i^Ht^Wm ^ ^ # i ; ^ ; * i C ^ t l i f t i^e^i; 5(1^,1 f^ tS J ; t ^1-:*^ M B^-^ ^ ^t-1^ A'uang phft Thi ngi cung tdn tSing Chieu nghi, vao phu chua lim Ngi cung tin hdu hg 60 VU THI LAN ANH Dai nguyen soai Chuong quflc chinh Thugng su Thai phu Due cflng Nhan uy Minh thinh Tay Vuong (chfta Trinh Tac) Ngi cung tin la nguoi cung kinh, cdn than, khflng trii y, cong viec lufin thgn trpng, dai khai li co dugc phong hoa tfit d e p VEiy" Thanh phin tifip theo dugc nhic nfii dung bia la vg cua cac bac cfing than, khanh tuong, quan lai dia phuong, v.v Xin neu day mflt sfi vi phu nhan; Quan phu nhan Trinh Thi NghTa la vg cua Dai vucmg Dgi tu dfl Dgi vuong Luyfin Trung cfing Dfi Thfi Giai la nguoi due hanh nhin tu, chfing ba dugc phong Dai vuong dugc cip mieu de tho phung, ba dugc phfii huong theo [ N " 1052] Qugn phu nhan Le Thi Huyen nguoi Kim Dflng (Hung Yen) da c6 cfing tin vific tao lfi fir dfin Bach Ma, Ha Nfli [No 184] Ba hp Le hieu Tft Hue, vg cua Thiem Thp hdu hg Le li nguoi thon Gflc Thirgng xa Thugng C6c huyfin Loi Duong phu Thieu Thifin la nguoi co diic hanh, giau CO, tfit bung, thudng sin long chu cip cho din [Hg nki bi ki MZ^it N^ 1.216] Thflng ke ban dau cho biet dugc nhflng-nu than tgc voi trieu dinh d i tham gia vao vific tao lfi da xudt hien tren van bia thai ky lin lugt nhu sau: Qufic thinh mau: nguoi Thai phi Quflc mau: nguoi Hoang thai hiu: nguoi Hoang h^u: I nguori Vucmg phi :1 nguoi Chinh phi: nguoi Cung phi: nguoi Cfing chua: nguoi VAI TRO CUA N H C N G NTTTHAN T O C Van miufirphu chfta: nguai Quan chfta: nguai Vucmg phft thi nfii cung tin: nguai Chanh vuong phft Ngi cung tdn, Thi nfli cung tin: 18 nguoi Cung tan Chifiu nghi: nguoi Quin phu nhin va vg cfta Cong than: nguoi Nhin vit truyfin thuyfit: nguoi Tong cgng: 43 ngucri Co thfi thay, nhflng nu thin tgc dugc de danh trfin bia phan Ion thufic vfi ngucri cfta phft chua Do la nhung ngucri phu nft co moi quan he mat thiet voi cac doi chfta Trinh, nho dugc nha chua uu nfin hg co nhifiu quyen lire tay, ma dang noi nhit Ii vific CO rat nhieu tai sin bao gflm rugi^ dat va tien bgc tft bong lgc an hue cua nha chfta, tu co the dem dong gflp cho x i hgi co vific thuc day van de ban cap tao le Cac tai lieu chinh sft khflng de cap nhifiu va cu thfi vfi sir uu cua trieu finh dfli voi cac Hoang Thai hau, Hoang hiu, cac Cung tin, Cung phi hay vg cua quan lai trifiu finh; nhung qua nhiir^ tdn sudt xuit hien cua cac nft than tgc vcri trifiu dinh trfin van bia tao lfi, chung ta co thfi i^im hifiu, chinh quyen thai Le - Trinh da CO mflt su "fty diac" vfi mgt sfl quyfin lire tren mgt sfl linh vuc lifin quan tai doi sfing cgng dflng cho nhung phy nft lufln sat canh ben canh hg ma diy viec ban cdp tao le la mgt vi du Vdn dfi cfl mfli lifin quan chat che va tuong dfii thfing nhat trifiu finh, tu trung ucmg xufing dfin dia phuong; la mOt sir that va nhung fifiu ghi lai tren van bia tgo 1? Mgt li khich quan nfta la, hinh thftc ban cip tao If dugc hinh tft thoi Ly, Trin, Lfi so; nhur^ lai phat trifin vao thcri vua Le chfta Trinh, mgt nhiing nguyfin nhin la giai doan Phat giao phue hung, the chfi chinh tri co nhifiu bifin d0ng khifin cho cac bic vua chua mufin dua vao yeu tfi tam linh de mong su binh yen tam hon, ddn toi viec khoi cfing xiy dung, trung tu chua chifin trfin khip ddt nuac, diy la co hgi dfi hogt dgng cung tifin phat trifin Bfin cgnh do, thoi ky chifin tranh loan lgc da khifin nhi nuoc phai co nhftng chinh sach dai ngfi bing vice phong cip rugng dat cho cac quy tgc, cong thdn dfi lufin n h ^ dugc su ung hg cfta hg, da lam sinh tinh trgng tich tu rugng ddt, tai sin d ting lop nay, va mfit nhflng each dfi hgp li hoa sfl tii san dfl chinh li su cung tifin vao vific xay dung di tich duoi nhifiu Mnh thftc Dieu niy mang mgt y nghia tim linh rdt dac bifit dfli voi rifing nhftng nguoi phu nft, la tim li mong mfli, hi vpng vfi mpt cupe sflng binh yen cho dit nuoc, gia dinh, hg hang, nguoi thin bfii canh xa hgi co nhifiu cugc chifin tranh lien tiep dien Vay thi mgt tdm long cfing due voi fi tich eua eha fing cung li each dfi hp the hi$n vai trfl « ngi tuong » tiorflc thai cuOc ding dugc ttin ttgng Vi thfi bfin cgnh vific xudt hien cac Hau thdn, Hau phat voi luc lugng dflng dao li phu nft, chu yfiu la nhiing phu nu binh dan thi da xuat hien mflt bg phan khflng nho cac nii than tgc trifiu dmh dfi lai ddu in ttfin vin bia tgo lfi Cong lao cua nir than toe triiu dinh dvgrc ghi nhan tren van bia tao 1^ * Cdng lao vdi ddt nude: Trong lich sft chfi dg quin chft Viet Nam, co nhi^u tdm guong nfl; anh hftng cfl cflng voi ddt 61 T^P CHi HAN NOM SO (143) - 2017 nuoc dugc ghi lai ttong sft sieh, truyfin thuyfit va cfl kha nhifiu nhan vgt dugc ghi lai trfin van bia, ttong cfl nhung ten tufii xuit hien ttfin van bia tao lfi thflng qua nhftng dong gflp cua hg doi voi ddt nuflrc Su ghi nhgn ciia chinh quyen Lfi - Trinh dfli voi cflng lao cfta cac vi nft than tgc rdt cu thfi, nhu m0t su khdng dinh vi thfi cfta hg: Van bia Dgi vucmg Tdn miiu ki :KS-i^^it [N** 1894] dung nam Hoing Dinh thft 17 (1616) o xa An Lgc huyen Thg Xuan tmh Thanh Hfla, ghi ve bi Dgi vuong tin tang Chifiu Dung hp Lfi thuy la Mau Hu? sau dugc lam cung tdn cua chua Trinh Minh Khang Dgi vucmg da tin theo hau chua tft nhung gian nan a Ai Lao, khfing chi ginh vac cflng viec ngi ttg ma phu giup chua phu duong quan sT, an tap nhan dan xiy tr$n mge, gflp cong Ion vao su nghiep cua nhi chua: " i i ^ ^ ^ ® # : i - f ^ ^ l£?#^^ifi!At^[ ]*'.^^.S»-X^ VO THI LAN ANH XVII la thoi ki ma Phat giao phue hung, nfin cac bac vua chfta tich cue xay dung triii^ tu chfta chifin, ttong nhung cflng trinh kifin true de lai, co su dor^ gop ciia nhung phu nu than tfic voi trifiu dinh noi ngi cung Van bia Ph^ Vii tu tgo le bi i^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ [ N ' ' ] dung nam Canh Hung thu (1742) o van chi xa Ml Son huyfin Thuang Tin (Ha Nfli), ghi viec chfta Phap Vu la mgt thing canh vftng Thai phi Vu Thi Ngpc Quyfin hieu Dieu Dftc thiy qui mfl chua nho hep, da menh cho Tiu ngi cung tdn Dao Thi Khuflngtienhinh trftng tu chfta: " ^ ^ # 3St /Thi nfli cimg tin trifiu truorc tfin Dao Thi Khuong hieu Dieu Vinh tinh nfit hifin hoa, la bac hio kiet gifli nft, than gai noi dien que ma tam huong vfi cfli tft, y chi tuyfin ma thinh menh, khim lenh /Khi Vuong di [chinh phgt] a nuoc Ai euu cong ma dam nhiem cfing viec to Ion, Lao, [ba] lien vang lenh ttflng coi quan di khdp noi lo vific dgng vifin nhin dan dfi tuih ke gift sftc, ttg giftp kfi sach [tifin ciing gflp sftc, dam mfi vific tao chua xay bac] ma cham nufii tuong st, an tap nhin am, ttim phue Ion dfin hfii vifin man" din, khfli phue nuoc nha va bifin cuong Hay nhu van bia Chieu Nghi tu su bi bo coi" Vin bia Chiiu Nghi tg su bi kl ki/m^^t-^it [N° 13082] dung nam BS^^*«^t& [N*" 13082] dung nam Dftc Nguyfin tiiu (1673), tai lang Chifiu Dftc Nguyentiift2 (1673) 0u vetifiusft Nghi, xi Phuang Xi, tfing Phuong Xa, cfta Cung tdn Chifiu Nghi Dgng Thi Cue huyfin Gia Lgc tinh Hii Duong, vifit ve vao hiu chfta Trinh Tac tft nam 14 tufii, Chifiu nghi Diing Thi Cue nguoi theo chfta xudt quan di chinh phgt ba cfl hiu chfta Trinh Tgc da bfl tien, rupng de nhifiu cflng lao dugc ghi nhan: "^-ff ^ ^ tu sfta mifiu vfl; cip tu dien eho din xa ^^^^^il^^-if/Ba] vang tiieo hiu cay cay lo vific hucmg khfli, thfim vao ng\r gia xuit quin di chinh phgt, cfing lao dfi tinh kfi liu dai Ba d\mg dhn thb, trg gjftp bfin khflng phai la it" giuong da, cgt huong dfi cham lo cho * Thuc day xdy dung Piing tu chiiavific hiu su, dimg bia di ghi lai cfing chiin: Nhu trfin da nfli, tiifi ki XVII - dftc dfi lai cho mufln doi sau Quyfin hon 62 VAI T R CilA NHtTNG Nfi"THAN TQC 1000 xiu tifin mua 102 miu rugng giao cho ban thfln eanh tac, de lo viec gio chap lim kfi liu dii Ban cho phii nu, nguoi gii, trfi nhfl cgng sfl ngan xuyfin l i hon 200 chific " Bdo ddp cong an cka me, ngudi than: Mgt sfi van bia t ^ lfi ghi vific cac nft than tpe co mfii quan he vfli trifiu finh hoge nguoi than lip cong voi trifiu dinh da bfl tai sin dfi ban phat cfing dfte, giftp nhin dan fln dinh doi song va CO y gfti gam su ttong coi vio cgng dong thflng qua viec tfl chuc dflng gflp cho viee tao le Qua nhiing phu nu niy cfl co hgi tfin vinh nguoi than cua minh thflng qua nhftng viec lam hftu ich Van bia Dong Nggc xd Le phdc bi ^^^i-'^^^ [N° 1053] dung nam Canh Hung thft 32 (1771) den thflf Do Thfi Giai xa Dong Ngae (Ha Ngi)* ghi viec: Quan phu nhan hg Trinh la vg cua Luyfin Trung cfing Do The Giai ta nguoi phu nu co tam long trinh thuan dfii vcri gja dinh, co long nhin tu tot dep vcri lang xom " d i i ^ i ^ i i ^ ^•^^^^IDo Dai vuong mflng ung dugc dung mieu tha nen i p ta dugc lam dan tgo le, phung tho mua, vific cung tifin chinh yfiu d i cfl, Quan phu nhan la ngufli dich than lo toan cflng viec, quyfin rieng 300 quan sft tifin, mlu ruOng tflt giup sftc din tfln tai" vi mufln tfl long bio dap cflng on cha me da mo dgng Thien Cung, tgo tiiap, dung nfin, khic bia, mua rugng quang thi cong dftc, dang cftng Phgt tten la bao dap cha me, duoi li giftp cho din, so mgng huong hfla la 10 miu v i 200 quan tien eho phep din x i Thifin Duong lam din tgo lfi nham giftp nhan din on dinh doi sfing Nhiing dflng gop cfta Hoang hiu thfi hien tin ngu5ng tfin trgng Phit phap va ttich nhiem vm cgng dflng thong qua nhung vific Iam bay tfl su tri an dfli voi cac bile sinh * Tkuc day viec ban cdp tgo li : Tao lfi vfln la mgt die quyfin ban cap gifl^ trifiu dinh vfli nhan din, theo dfl la rat nhifiu quyfin lgi ma nguoi thu huong se cfl dugc; vi thfi ngoai cac yfiu to khach quan, thi yeu tfi chu quan ciing gflp phan khflng nhfl vio thinh cong cfta vific lim Cac nft thin tge vai trifiu dinh thai kJ' d i co vai tto rdt Ion vific thftc day quyfin lgi tao lfi cho nguoi dan dia phuang, dieu da dugc ghi lai ttfin cae van bia Van bia Phyng linh cki [N^ 2880], nhu tten da nhic dfin vi nho cfl Hoang thai hau Trinh Thi Nggc True giftp dd nfin nhin din xa Nhan Thap dugc chfta ban lenh chi ban cdp cho xa ttang lam dan tao lfi:S>%^/-^^15"^^?i ^^^^^t^'/Hikl^hng y va chudn cdp cho xa trang lim tgo le cua ban tu Vin bia Thiin cung dgng Minh Due (chfta Ninh Phue), vific huang hfla va tkdp bi/^tn^n^^^\H^ 5.951] nifin tho phyng Ph^t, giftp van nuoc bfin vflng dgi udc doan nam Vmh Tri thft (1680) Hang nim cac cflng viec dap dfi, lam dfi o Ninh Buih ghi vific Hoang Thii hiu quan lg v i vific hg phan, nghenh dii sft Trinh Thi Nggc Ang, chfta Trinh thin va cac cflng vific suu sai cung cho Minh vucmg, vg ciia vua Lfi Huyfin Tfing dugc mien trft" Theo sau hi, gai tftc 63 T ^ P CHi HAN NOM SO (143) - 2017 Cfing chfta Lfi Thi Ngpc Duyen hieu Dieu Tue co sfl rugng the nghiep o huyfin Yen Mfi cflng dem cftng cho x i Nhgn Thip dfi cong dftc huong hoa tho Phit giong nhu mau thin Vi tgo If la mfit quyfin lgi chinh dang lifin quan toi doi sfing vit chit cfta ngucri din, cho nen qui trinh tifin hanh cic bufl^ dfi cfl dugc dgc quyfin chdc chin nguoi dan sfi gap phai nhifiu khfl khan vfi vdn de thft tue hanh chinh Trfin van bia tao Ifi d i ghi nhin cfl nhihig dia phuong xay ttanh chdp liu dii khfing hfii kfit thue hoic ehi vi nhflng quyen igi khfing dugc thfla man, hoac khflng giflng nhu dia phuong khic, da niy sinh ganh dua hon thiet Khi dfl, sir xuat hifin cfta cac yfiu nhan l i vfl cung quan ttgng; van bia Tgo le bi ki ^ # * $ it [N'*I84] dung nam Canh Hung tiift 42 (1781) or dfin Bach Ma phfl Hang Buom (Hi Ngi) ghi; Vao nam Canh Hung thft 39 (1778), din giap M^lt Thii, Bic Thugng va Bic Ha phuang Ha Khdu de don xin lam dan tao 1$, mifin trft cac khoin suu sai dfi tho phung den than Bgch Mi, nhung tien thufi nha v i tifin suu sai tgp djch vin phai dflng gflp chung nhu mgi giip ttong phuong Tuy nhifin nhftng ngufii din da thay ttong kinh ki, cic trai Thu Lf, Yen Lang phimg su Thugng ding thin v i phuong Quang Bi phung su Trung ding thin, deu dugc lam dan tgo If, dugc mien mgi khoan, nen vifin If kfiu xin Sau cae quan phft lieu ngfl phft Trinh Kifiu, Phan Trpng Phien tta kham xac thuc d i dfi tfl khai len chua Trinh, dong thoi vol su giftp dd cua Quin phu nhan Lfi Thi Huyfin nguoi xa Phugng Lau huyfn Kim Dgng, cufli ciing vao tiling nim Canh 64 VU THI LAN ANH Hung thft 42 (1781) quan phu lifiu Sft Trung hiu da truyfin tflf lfnh chi cfta chua Trinh chap thuin dem cfta dia phuong, ttong dfl xuit hifin mgt nhin vat tham gia vao vific niy: "^^^^:^^;hikii\ CO cong tan tgo lfi la Quan phu nhan Lfi Thi Huyen qufi x i Phugng Liu huyfn Kim Dgng phu Khoii Chiu" Difiu dfl chftng minh vific mgt phu nft gflp tifing nfli co uy tin cfta minh co vai tro v i anh huofng rit Ion dfli voi trifiu dinh vifc mang lai lgi ich cho nhin din co vific cin thifit Ngoai cac ba sin sing quyen tai san, tim phat rugng dit, mflr hau bao chu cip cho nh§n din Van bia Hg nhi bi ki [N° 1216] uoc doin thuflc thoi Canh Hung, fl dinh thfin Coc Thugng, tflng Thugng Cfle, huyen Loi Ducmg, tinh Thanh Hoa da cho bifit ba hg Lfi hieu Tft Huf, vg cfta Thifim Thp hiu hg Lfi ngucri thfin Cfic Thugng, cfl dftc hanh, giau co, tfit bung, thuong sin long chu cap cho din nfin nhan dan xin dugc lam dan hg nhi de tho phung, ba lgi thuin tinh, cap cho 272 xiu tifin cflng 27 mdu sio rupng dfi thfl cftng ba vao eactifittrong nim Dfi thuc hifin dugc nhflng vific lim lifin quan toi vific ban cip tao If tten, nhung nguai phy nu da bfl cflng lao van dgng va dflng gop mgt sfi lugng tai sin khfing nho dfi thuc diy cflng vifc, giup nhan dan co difiu kien de cham lo vifc thof tu, phung su di tich Chftng toi da thong kfi tren 20 vin bia tao Ifi ghi danh cac nft than tgc trifiu Le - Trinh da dflng gop mgt s6 lo£ti tai sin chu cap cho nhin dan cac dia phuang canh tac va su dung vao vific t£io lfi, cy the la: VAI TRO CUA NHUlVG NU" THAN T Q C Rugng : 242 mlu 19 sio Thfle: 110 ganh, 178 bat Tifin; 2.203 quan mach 10 vin, 1.000 xau Ngan xuyen ; 200 chific Nhu vay cfl the thay, bfin eanh vific trifiu dinh ban cdp cho din cic dia phuong dit dai, difin sin, tien bac v i cic hgng nhifiu mien dfi fln dinh dcri sflng thi vai tto cua nhftng nft thin tpe vfli trifiu finh chifim mgt vi tri quan ttgng bfin cgnh cic luc lugng xa hfii khac Mgt cau hoi dit li, dfi cfl dugc sfl tifin dflng gop cong dftc cho di tich nhifiu den nhu v^y, thi ttong tay hg phai co tiem luc kinh tfi vftng manh, ciu tta loi chinh la nhflr nhftng chinh sach ban thufltig rugng dat cho nhfing nguoi co dia vi cua trieu dinh cho cic cflng thin cftng chau va gia dinh hg Dfl l i ngufln tai san giftp hg trich xuat dfi dflng gflp vio vifc chung Lich sft Viet Nam ciing nhic dfin mOt sfl truong hgp, ttong cfl Tucmg cong Dinh Vin Ta; "Cfl nhung dong hg cflng than dugc ban cap hang tram miu rugng ngy lgc Tnrong hgp dong hg Dinh a Him Giang (Cim Giang - Hii Duong) co Lgc Quan cong Dinh Vin T i dugc phong 300 miu rugng thfi nghiep Ia thi du difin hinh." Vin bia Trgng tudng bi mink/Ltcu truyin phyng tu ^ ^ i ^ i t / i ^ i ^ ^ ^ [ N " 2952/2953] nifn dai Canh Tri tiiu (1669) dung tren qufi huong cfta ong cfl nfiu ro truang hgp vi cfing thin da dugc trifiu dinh vua Lfi Huyfin Tong ban cip sfl rugng the nghiep Ion gom 13 miu 41 47 thuoc va phu nhan cua ong Ii ba Nguyen Thi Nggc Huong da lap bia luu truyfin lgi cho chiu Rifing b i da trich tft so rugng dfl gom miu cftng voi 200 quan tifin cip cho din hg nhi a cac x i thon dfi thflr phung, bao gflm danh sach so rupng hue cap cho thon a ban quan xa Him Giang, cac giap xa Binh Lau v i cic giip thfin d que hucmg Ham Giang eua chfing ba Vific nhung nguoi phu nu CO moi quan he than tgc voi trifiu dinh da co y thftc giinh mgt phin tii sin cfta gia dinh minh dfi ttg giftp cho nhin dan la mgt fifiu dang ghi nhan Ngoai sfi nhflng van bia ghi vfi cfing lao cfta nhflng nguoi phu nu' than tgc vfta nfli den a tten co nhftng nhan vit phy nft ttong truyfin thuyfit tung luu danh tft eae doi truac, dfin thoi ki niy tifip tue dugc vua chua ban lenh chi cho nhan dan dia phuong lim tao Ifi dfi cham lo thflr phung, thfi hien thai tri in Van bia Dgi Cdn dien tgo li cd tich bi : ^ ^ ^^^•^S^f^ [N" 2.853] nifin dai Cinh Tri thft (1665) a thon Cin Mieu x i Huong Can huyfin Quynh Luu tinh Nghe An khac sdc chi va lenh chi vao cac nam Khanh Dftc thft (1649), Thinh Dftc tiift (1655), Canh Tri tiift (1663), Cinh Tri thft (1664); chuin tdu eho bin thon tho than Dgi Can quflc gia Nam Hai Tft vi nuong, mifin trft cic khoan phu sai tap dich, cac hgng thue ngach nhu phu phen tgp dich, cac nghfi cdu ngu, cac hang binh dan, cac cong vific ciing dugc mifin gflm d ^ de, lam duong, van tii Hay trfin bia Vd di [ N " 11488] nien dai VTnh Hum tiift (1737) dgt tai dinh x i Dong Phan huyfin Thanh Ha tinh Hai Ducmg ghi su tich Thifin nuang Cong chfta Ba Dio da giftp vua Ly Nhan Tong danh giac Ma Na, xuan 65 T^P CHi HAN N M SO VO THI LAN ANH (143) - 2017 thu dugc lift vio hang quflc te, nam VTnh Huu tiiu (1737) dugc ban la dan hO nhi Nhu viy, tod thoi Le Trung van tifip tyc ban cdp tao lfi de tho tu thfi hien nifim ton kinh voi thdn Thflng qua nhflng dflng gflp cfta cac vi nu thin tgc cfl cflng cfl the nhin thiy, trifiu dinh vua Lfi - chfta Trinh da rat chu dOng va CO y thftc ton vinh vai tto cfta nhflng ngufli phy nft Trong dfl cin nhan manh, dfin giai doan nay, ngoai nhung ngufli phy nft o ngi cung tham gia gflp sftc giftp din vific tgo If, xuat hifin khfing It nhftng nguoi phu nft la vg cua cic quan dai thdn hay vg cua nhftng vi cfing thdn Difiu dfl chftng to, su uu cfta trieu dinh gianh cho nhiing nu than tfc da dugc mfl rpng pham vi xuong toi dia phuang, vi the m i vai tto cua nhflng nguai phy nft ngiy cang dugc de cao Gia Phftc, tong La Phii, huyfin Thugng Phue, phft Thuflng Tin, tinh H i Dfing (nay thufic H i Ngi) da ghi vifc ba Chinh vuong phft ngi cung tin Phan Nggc Tifing hifu Difu Dang va Chanh vuong phu ngi cung tin Le Nggc Cfli hieu Chan Kinh da dugc chfta Trinh ban to lenh du ve vific cam ket thfl phung ba cua nhan dan xa Gia Phftc vao nam Thinh Dftc thft (1656); tifip den li ghi vifc ban cdp cho din dia phuang so lugng m^ng ddt, dfi tiep tue vific tho tu cic vi nft than tfic Chung tfii d i thflng kfi so bf dugc ttong khoang thoi gian nay, cac vua Lfi chfta Trinh da cap cho mflt sfi nft than tfic voi trieu dinh sfi rupng nhu sau: rugng tho cdp cho Hoang Thai hau Phgm Thi Ngpc Oinh: 80 miu; Vuong phi phft chiia Trinh (khfing ro ten): 75 mau; Chifiu nghi Dgng Thi Cftc: 13 miu, v.v Thai dfi ciia nha nvxfc va nhan dan doi v&i dong gop ciia nu* than tfic Vfi mit tinh cim rifing tu, nhung ngufli phu nu cfl cflng lao dugc vua chfta tri an, kinh ttgng va thuang xflt nhu nguM rugt thit qua dfli, nhu trucmg hgp cua Chifiu nghi Ding Thj Cue ma chftng tfli da nfiu, ba qua doi vao nam Canh Tri thft (1668), vua da co nhung dflng thai sau: " ^ J L ^ - ^ ^ # # *Vi phia ehinh quyen nhd nude: Tft nhflng vifc lim cfta cic nhan vat nu than tfic ttong trifiu dinh vfta ke ttfin, co the thdy hp cfl mflt vai tto quan trpng doi voi ddt nuflrc, dfii voi nhan din Vai tro dfl gflp phan khflng nho vao su trung ddt nuoc v i mgt phdn gift vflng su on dinh xa hgi thoi bay gifli ttong dfli sfii^ c^ng dflng tft thinh tiu dfin nflng thfln Chinh vi thfi, trifiu finh va nhan din da dfii dai hg bing tinh cam v i thai dp tran trgng nhat ma hg xung dang duoc thy huflng Vfi phia nha nucrc, truac tien phai kfi dfin viec ban cap lenh dy ciia trifiu finh, la su ghi nh|n chinh thftc v i xftng dang dfli vfli cfing lao ciia hg Van bia Phdp Vii tg tgo le bi yk^^^^f^[)^n54] nifn dgi Thinh Dftc thft (1656), o chua x i ^^^#^^^ft.**.i«:Tv€/Thanh thugng bifit tin vo cung dau xflt, d§c sm ttgng thin lo vifc tang, ban sac menh gia phong tang, kifim dich than dfin noi dgc dy tfi dfi thfla nghTa tinh dfii vfli cong lao thuo truoc Ngiy 24 thing dua vfi an tang tgi que nha x i i Lfii Rfii cdp cho din cic thon Hoa Xa a que ba lam Tgo lfi, phyng thcr mufln dfli khflng dut" VAI TRd CUA N H O J G N C T H A N T