Đôi nét về cơ giới hóa nông nghiệp ở hòa bình đóng góp của ngành cơ điện đối với sản xuất, chế biến sau thu hoạch trong quá trình xây dựng nông thôn mới

NGHIEN CU'U-TRAO D C I j MOT S6 NET ve c a GIOI HOA NONG NGHIEP 6" HOA BJNH D N G GOP C U A NGANH CO OIEN D | V O I SAN XUAT, CHi BIEN SAU THU HOACH TRONG QUA TRINH XAY DU'NG NONG THON MOI SOME FEATUI^ ON AGMCULTURAL MECHANIZATION IN HOA BINH PROVINCE: THE CONTRIBUTION OF MECHANICAL, ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY FOR PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AFTER HARVEST DURING NEW RURAL DEVELOPMENT TS Do Thi Tam TrUdng Dai hpc Ky thuat Cdng nghiep, Dai hpc Thii Nguyen Bdi bdo sU dung phUdngphdp hdm sdn xudt dgng Cobb-Douglas, Id mpt phUdngphdp mdi doi vdi ngdnh Cdgidi hda nong nghiep d nUdc ta, diddnh gid mUc dp dong gop cda cdc yiu t6 tham gia sdn xudt, phuc vu chdn nuoi d tinh Hoa Binh Cng dung phUdngphdp neu tren dd tim dUdc mUc dp ddng gop cua cd gidi hoa phuc vu canh tdc la 17.71%; vdi chi bien thUc dn chan nudi Id 10.51% Kit qud thu dUdc vdi phUdngphdp ddnh gid mUc dp dong gop (dUdclUdng hoa) giup tacdch nhin todn dien, he thd'ng tU them thong tin died sd chi tgo, ngUdi sU dung vd nhd qudn If sdm hinh thdnh cd chi, chinh sdch thuc day ngdnh Cdgidi hoa ndng nghiep Td Ichda: Cdgidi hoa nong nghiep; PhUdngphdp hdm sdn xudt dgng Cobb-Douglas The article applies Cobb-Dou^as productivefunction, a new method to agricultural mechanization in our country, to evaluate the contribution performance of productive factors in breeding in Hoa Binh province The above method application calculated that the contribution of farming mechanized is 17.71%; the feed processing is 10.51% The quantified result provides a general and systematical view, which gives more useful and effective information to relevant divisions in order to impulse the development of agriculture mechanization Keywords: Agricultural mechanization; Cobb-Douglas productive function method ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHf CO KHf VIET NAM, S6 nam 2016 www.coldiivietnam.vn NGHIEN CCrU-TRAO D I T H i r c TRANG VE CO G l d l HOA TRONG SAN XUAT NONG NGHl£p TAI TINH H O A BINH Hda Binh l i tinh cd vi tri dia ly thuan Ipi, hdi tu du dilu ki^n phat trien kinh t l ndng, lam nghiep, phit triln nang lUpng H I thong giao thdng td H i Npi d i n cac tinh Tiy Bac dUpc nang cap, tao dieu kiln giao luu hang hda gifla cac vimg VI dat san xuit ndng nghiep: Toan Tinh li 388.745 ha, dd, dit trdng ciy hing nam chilm 11.7%, dat trdng Ida chi chilm 7.7%, cdn lai l i dit lam nghiep VI dien tich dit san xuat: 11.854 mVhd; qui md tfl 0.2 -5- 0.5 ha, cd gin 95.361 hd, chiem 62% tong sd hd toan Tmh Quylt dinh sd 3030/QD-UBND 23/12/2013 vl Quy hostch tong the vung v i khu sin xuat dng dung cdng nghe cao dinh hudng den nam 2020, dd dat sin xuit ndng nghiep cdng nghe cao chilm tfl -^ 6% tdng dien tich can dung cat Ida vung rudng hep, dit doc; 1.985 m i y tudt Ida cd ddng cP; 2.224 miy bdm nUdc dung sin xuat nong - lim - thuy san Rieng may siy lam khd ndng san cdn rit thap: 139 chile Tinh chung cic loai dpng lUc (di dpng, tinh tai) dung sin xuat ndng nghiip, che bien ndng - lam sin: Trin 100 dit trdng ciy hang nim; 187.9 ma lUc; Trong dd, tren 100 dat trdng Ida: 456,5 m i lUc; So vdi nam vl trUdc, ngudn nang lUpng diu tu cho sin xuit ndng nghiip ting khoang 70% Binh quin moi nam tang 10% 1.2 Kit qua sfi dung san xuat Vdi sd lupng may dUpc trang bi nhfl da nlu, miy keo dung chu ylu cho khau lam dit, van chuyin npi ddng (may keo binh cd trung va banh cd nhd) Qui trinh thfle hiln: Cay, phay, Tinh d i n cudi nam 2013, tmh Hda Binh Idng lim dit vu mua hoac phay kit hpp trang died 25 may keo Idn binh; 533 miy keo trung phang Phu thupc tflng vung, nlu tinh bang thdc va 8.761 chiec may keo nhd banh, 2.282 ddng thdng thfldng tfl 180 ^ 200 kg thdc/ha; Sfl dung CP diln, ddng cP xang, diesel Trong khiu cat gat binh Idng lam nhuyen dit v i trang phang thi re lua, cic hd ndng dan da trang hi: m i y gat d i p hpn Tinh chung d l lam dat ciy dflpc, chi phi lien hpp; 37 may gat xep dii; 1.227 may cat cd phii tfl 500.000 -?-1.000.000 ddng/ha 1.1 VI mdc dd sfi dung may san xuit nong nghiep 2;l.l.'Iile cdgidi hda khdu ldm ddt nam 2013: Di^n tich dit Dl^n ach Tong dif n Tong-dTen Tong b-ing tD^ dit iriifg Tdn a|a achi dat lictt*' dat dl^n ach hing Tl !?, nun TT Ilia am/e cSiy Mng dat Ilia, phUOTIg n6ng dirgic Urn lam miy, jjeMfP.*! miy ha id loan Tinh 388745.3 74771.74 30775 29241.42 39.11 20775 67.51 ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHf CO KHf V I £ T NAM, Sd nam www.cokhivietnam.vn 2016 NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO DOI hing giam dflpc sau benh, giam thuoc trfl sau, thuan lpi khiu cP gidi hda thu hoach *' Cdgidi hoa khdu gieo sg: Gieo sa la tip quan lau ddi san xuat Ida cua ba ndng din, phu hpp vdi dieu kien tfl nhiln, dat dai, chi phi Iao ddng Trong nhflng nam gan day, cic thinh phan kinh t l toan Tinh da trang bi 15 cdng cu gieo sa, tip trung d vung lua nfldc.Binh quin trin 100 lua la 0.05 cong cu, nhfl viy la rat thip Trong dieu lain thdi tilt thuan Ipi, mat rudng trflde gieo dflpc san phang; Cdng cu gieo ngfldi keo qua trinh di chuyen tren mat rudng, banh xe lan, trdng cua may gieo quay theo, hat Ida se theo 16 thoat ngoai, rPi xudng hing Ning suit gieo 0.3 -^ 0,5 ha/h Iflpng Ida gidng cho la 60 -^ 120 kg (phu thudc loai miy gieo) Sd dung cdng cu gieo theo hing gdp phan tilt kiem = 50% sd lUpng Ida gidng so vdi gieo vai Ngoai ra, vdi phflpng phap gieo sa theo Htnh 1.1 Cdng cu gieo sg tgi viing lua Khdu cung cdp nUdc cho cdy trong: Ngoai sd tram bPm cung cip nfldc cho sin xuat, cac thinh p h i n kinh te cdn trang bi 2.224 may bom nfldc, diln tich dflpc tfldi chu dpng dat tfl 40 ^ % Bang 1.2 li ie cd gidiwa khdu tudi tieu chu dgng ndm 2013 TT di^n ach Ten dia d^t ndng phtnnig nghlfp, loan Tinh Dien bch dat T6ng dien Ting ca>' Hch dit di^n ach hing nam Tilf cay hing dat Ma, dirarc tuoi aeu nam, ha chii dong, 38S745.3 74771.74 30775 Tudi nUdc cho cay trong, die biet l i cho ciy cdng nghiip lau nam, cay an q u i mang lai ket qua thilt thUc Tfl cac cdng trinh nghiln cflu da due kit, nlu tang ngudn dpng Iflc v i miy bPm nfldc len 1% d l tfldi cho cay che, thi sin Iflpng se tang 0.6% (ting gip lan cao hpn nlu tang diln tich) Vdi Hda Binh, diln tich che la 1924 ha, dien tich thu hoach 1.907 ha; San Iflpng 6.329 tan (nam 2013), neu thfle hiln dflpc khiu tudi deu dan, nang suat san lUpng cay trdng se tang Vung trdng mia v i mot so cay trdng hang nim khac da trang bi nhieu loai may bdm nUdc: 29972.34 40.09 Di$n ach dat h'ong Ilia duoc Tile, tnm aeu «0 chii dong, 23382.47 75.98 Huyen Tin Lac: 10.93 maybPm/100 dit mia; H Yen Thuy: 19,53 miy bdm/100 dat trdng mia; H Cao Phong: 9.9 miy bPm/100 dgt mia Htnh 1.2 TUdi phun mUa cho cdy d vimg sdn xudt ISSN 0866 - 7056 TAP CHf CO KHI VlfiT NAM, Sd nam 2016 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO D6\ Sdn xudt lua vd cdgidi hda khdu thu hogch: Theo Cue Thdng ke tinh Hda Binh, den cudi 2013, dien tich lua va ngd c i nam cua toan Tinh la 78.000 ha, t i p trung chu yeu d cic huyen: Lupng SPn, Kim Bdi, Lac Son, v.v nam 2013, thu hoach dUpc 465.427 t i n Ida va 153.354 t i n ngd Dien tich Ida khdng nhilu nhUng cic p h i n kinh te da trang hi may gat dap lien hpp v i 37 may gat Ida xep dii, 1.227 miy cat xen dpn cd vUdn Bdng 1.3 Tong hdp so lUdng mdy sU dung khdu thu hogch lua Dam vi: mAy T i n dja phuang Mayg^t d9p lien h