THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
NGHIEN CU'U THLfC NGHIEM - KINH NGHIEM PHAN TICH CAC NHAN TO ANH HlTdNG D £ N THU NHAP CUA HO KHMER TREN DIA BAN HUYEN TRAN t>% TINH SOC TRANG Diep Thanh Tiing Le Thj Huynh Anh Tom tat: Nghien ciru ndy tim hieu cdc nhan to dnh hudng den thu nhap ciia ho Khmer liia a huyen Tran De Thdng qua so lieu dieu tra tryc tiep tit 150 ho Khmer a cdc xd Tdi Van, Lieu TU, Vien An thugc huyen Tran De, tinh Sdc Trang vd dp diing phuong phdp thdng ke mo td vd mo hinh phan tich hdi quy tuyen tinh, nghien cim cho thdy thu nhdp binh qudn cua hg Khmer van cdn thap so voi thu nhap binh qudn ddu ngudi a dia phuang Nghien ciru cung xdc dinh cdc nhan to dnh huong den thu nhap ciia ho Khmer lua tren dia bdn huyen Tran De la: dien tich dat sdn xudt, gid lua, nghe cua chu ho, da dang thu nhdp, tiep can khuyen nong vd tiep cdn tin dung Trong nhan td nghe ciia chii ho vd tiep can tin dung ty le nghich vol thu nhap cua hg, nhan td dien tich dat sdn xudt vd gid lua ty le thuan vd co tdc dgng manh me den thu nhdp ciia hg Khmer lua a huyen Tran De Tir khoa: Da dang thu nhdp; hg Khmer; Soc Trang, lua Gidi thieu Trong nhiing nam qua, Viet Nam da dat dugc nhung tuu dang ke ve tang trudng kinh te va gia tang thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi Theo du lieu ciia Tong cue thdng ke tinh den nam 2016, thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi thang theo gia hien hanh dat 3.049.000 ddng, tang 119,83% so vdi nam 2010 Trong toe tang thu nhap binh quan giai doan 2010 - 2016 cua khu vuc Dong bang song Cim Long dat 2.798.000 dong/ngu'di/tbang, tang 124,38%, (1.551.000 ddng) so vdi nam 2010, nhien van tang cham thir hai khu vuc ca nude chi cao ban khu vuc Dong Nam Bg, toe tang 94,66%) so vai nam 2010 (Tong cue Thong ke, 2016), Ngoai ra, theo ket qua tir cugc khao sat qudc gia nam 2015 ve tinh hinh kinh te - xa hgi cua 53 dan tgc thieu so (DTTS) tai Viet Nam cua Uy ban dan tgc (UBDT) va Co quan Lien hgp quoc ve binh dang gidi va trao quyen 46 cho phu nii (UN Women) da cong bo 21 thang 11 nam 2017 van ton tai khoang each thu nhap giiia hg gia dinh DTTS va nguai Kinh, giiia chu hg la nii va nam, giiia ho gia dinh DTTS thi - nong thon, cac viing kinh te - xa hgi Cu the, thu nhap binh quan nhan khiu/thang cua hg gia dinh DTTS nam 2015 la 1,16 trieu dong, chi tuong duong vdi 45% miic binh quan chung ciia ca nuac la 2,6 trieu dong/ngudi/thang va hkng 41% miic binh quan cua nguai Kinh' Trong toan quoc, ngudi Khmer s6ng chii yeu d Dong bang song Cuu Long, noi hg la nhom DTTS Idn nhat so vdi nhiing nhdm DTTS khac khu vuc va thu nhap trung binh ciia mot hg Khmer sdng d viing Thu nhap binh quan cua nguoi dan toe thi6u s6 chi bang 40% so voi nguoi Kinh, https://laodong.vn/xahoi/thu-nhap-binh-quan-cua-nguoi-dan-toc-thieu-sochi-bang-40-so-voi-nguoi-kinh-577340,ldo, tmy cap 01/3/2018 PHAT TRIEN BEN V Q N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, S6 (3/2019) Phan rich cac nhan to Digp Thanh Tung - Le Thj Huynh Anh nong thon Dong bang song Cuu Long thap hon nhieu so vdi thu nhap binh quan ciia bp gia dinh toan khu vuc, dong deu so vdi ciing cac chi so ciing khu vyc each day nam (Diep Thanh Tung, 2017) Theo Tong dieu tra dan sd va nha d nam 2009 (Ngudi Khmer Viet Nam, 2018), ngudi Khmer d Viet Nam co dan so 1.260.640 nguai, c6 mat tai nhieu tinh d Nam Bg Trong tinh co nhieu dong bao DTTS lan nhit la Soc Trang (397.014 ngudi, chiem 30,7 % dan so toan tinh va 31,5 % tong so ngudi Khmer tai Viet Nam), tiep den la Tra Vinh (317.203 ngudi, chiem 31,6% dan so toan tinh va 25,2 % tong so ngudi Khmer tai Viet Nam) va Kien Giang (210.899 ngudi, chiem 12,5 % dan so toan tinh va 16,7 % tong so nguai Khmer tai Viet Nam) Tran De la mot nhirng huyen thugc tinh Soc Trang, la noi co ty le dong bao dan tgc Khmer kha cao tren toan tinh, tinh den nam 2016 ty le ngudi dan tgc Khmer tren dia ban huyen chiem 49,08% tong dan so cua huyen, dan tgc Hoa chiem khoang 3%, lai la dan tgc Kinh Ngudi dan tren dia ban huyen sinh song chii yeu bang nghe lua, chan nudi va danh bat thiiy hai san, nhien nhiing hg dan ngudi dan tgc Khmer nai day sinh song bang nghe lua va chan nuoi la chii yeu trong liia la nguon thu nhap chinh ciia nhung hg dan (Chi cue Thong ke huyen TrinDg,2017) Theo so lieu cua Chi cue Thong ke huyen Trin D§, tinh d6n 31 thang 12 nam 2016, tong dien tich dat san xuat nong nghiep ciia huyen Trin De la 32.801 ha, chiSm 86,78% tdng dien tich dit dai va khoang 104.690 ngudi sdng d khu vuc nong thon (chiem 77,89% tdng dan s6 cua huyen) Trong nhting nam trd lai day dien tich liia ca nam tren dia ban huyen cang giam dan hi 47.931 (nam 2012) xuong cdn 45.530 (nam 2016) D6ng thdi nang suat liia giam hi 60,62 ta/ha (nam 2012) xu6ng 58,79 ta/ha (nam 2016), giam 3% nam (Chi cue Thdng ke huyen Tran De, 2017) Tir thuc te tren, nghien ciin "Phan tich cdc nhan to dnh huang den thu nhap cua ho Khmer tren dia bdn huyen Tran De, tinh Soc Trang" dugc thuc hien nhim tim dugc cac nhan to co anh hudng den thu nhap cita nong hg Khmer, ddng thdi d6 xuat dugc nhiing ham y chinh sach nham nang cao thu nhap ciia nong hg Khmer tren dia ban huyen ndi rieng va tren ca nuac noi chung thdi gian tdi Phirffng phap nghien cihi Dii lieu dugc thu thap bang phuang phap khao sat phi ngau nhien, chgn mau dinh ngach va phong van true tiep bang bang cau hoi doi vdi 150 hg Khmer tai xa ndi tren Mau ciia moi xa dugc tinh toan dua tren ty le ciia hg doi vdi tong so hg Khmer xa Thdi gian thuc hien vao dau thang nam 2018 den cuoi thang nam 2018 Sau su dung phuong phap thdng ke mo ta de danh gia thuc trang cita hg Khmer liia tren dia ban huyen Kk qua khao sat 150 hg dan liia d cac xa tren dia ban huyen cho thay, moi hg gia dinh c6 the thu Igi nhuan tir liia vdi dien tich trung binh la 1,46 chi c6 39,51 trieu dong vdi so vien trung binh ciia hg la 4,44 nguai thi thu nhap binh quan/ngudi/vu ciia hg la 8,9 trieu dong/vu Thong qua cac phuong phap phan tich tan suat, thong ke md ta, nham danh gia thuc trang thu nhap cua hg Khmer liia d huyen Tran De Sau sir dung mo binh hoi quy tuyen tinh de danh gia cac nhan to anh hudng den thu nhap ciia hg Khmer liia noi day Mo hirrh hoi quy tuyen tinh dugc thiet lap vdi bien phu thugc la thu nhap ciia hg Khmer (Thunhap) va cac bien so dgc lap bao gom giai tinh (Gioitinh), tuoi ciia chii hg (Tuoi), hgc van ciia chii hg (Hocvan), so PHAT TRIEN BEN VU'NG VUNG QUYEN 9, S6 (3/2019) 47 NGHIEN CU'U THUG NGHIEM - KINH NGHIEM cua huyen la 44 trieu dong/nam (hrong duong 2.020 USD) nam 2016 (Chi Kha, 2016) Hg Khmer liia d huyen Tran De ciing nhu hg Khmer lua d cac tinh Dong bang song Ciru Long co thu nhap thap hon nhieu so vdi thu nhap binh quan dau nguoi d dia phuong vien song phu thugc (Pthuoc), nghe ciia chu hg (Nghe), dien tich dat san xuat (Dtich), da dang cac boat dgng tao thu nhap (DM), hgp dong tieu thu san pham (Hdong), gia lua (Gialua), tiep can khuyin nong (TCKN), tiep can tin dung (TCTD) Mo hinh thuc nghiem nghien cuu dugc trinh bay duoi dang tuyen tinh nhu sau; Nghien ciiu xem xet thuc trang thu nhap ciia hg Khmer frong liia d huyen Tran D6 theo so vien song phu thugc gia dinh, so lieu tai Bang cho thay, ty le hg co so vien song phu thugc tir ngudi trd len c6 thu nhap duoi 50 trieu chiem kha cao (75.65%), so hg cd vien song phu thugc duai ngudi co thu nhap tren 50 trieu cao dang ke so vdi hg co vien song phu thugc tren nguai (30,55% hg c6 vien song phu thugc dudi ngudi so vdi 24,36% cua nhom hg co vien song phu thugc tren nguai) Dieu cho thay hg cang co nhieu vien song phu thugc thi thu nhap thap hon hg cd it vien song phu thugc Thunhap - BQ + B|Gioitinh + BiTuoi + B3Hocvan + B4Pthuoc + BsNghe + BfiDtich+ B7DM+ BsHdong + BgGialua t- B,oTCKN+ BiiTCTD Ket qua va thao luan 2J, Thuc trang thu nhap cua ho lua Ket qua khao sat ciia cac tac gia vao nam 2018 cho thay, udc tinh moi nam san xuat vii Ilia thi thu nhap binh quan ca nam cua ngudi liia cung chua tdi 20 trieu dong, thap hon nhieu so vdi thu nhap binh quan dau nguoi cua tinh Soc Trang la 34 trieu dong/nam Va thu nhap binh quan dau nguoi Bang 1: THU NHAP BINH QUAN CUA H O KHMER T R O N G LUA Ci HUYEN TRAN D £ THEO SO T H A N H VIEN PHU THUOC (trieu ddng) Thu nhap binh quan ciia ho Thanh vien phu thuoc Duoi nguoi (72) 48,00 28,21 24,67 17,33 9,72 14,10 10,26 100 100 100 Duai 30 trieu Tir 30 - 50 trieu 48,61 20,83 Tit 50 - 80 trieu 20,83 Tren 80 trieu T6n>> Chung(150) Tir nguoi tr* len (78) 47,44 10,00 Nguon: So lieu dieu tra cita nhom tdc gid (2018) Xet theo nhom nghe nghiep, so lieu tai 10% tren tong so hg, nhom lam nghS nong Bang cho thay, co hon 60% nhom hg gia kiem nghg kliac thi chiSm ban 25% tdng s6 hg dinh CO chii hg chi lam nghe nong co thu nhap Dieu ndi len rang, chi lam nghS nong thi tir 30 trieu dong trd xuong Ket qua cho kho CO the lam giau va chi lam ndng thi se thiy su khac biet ro hon giiia hai nhom nghe khong du de trang trai cugc song cho gia dinh, nghiep, cu thS nhom hg chi lam nghe nong cd nen phin Idn hg se tim them thu nhap hi thu nhap tir 50 d^n 80 trieu dong chua dugc nhiing nghe khac de co cugc sdng diy dii ban 48 P H A T TRIEN B E N VU'NG VUNG Q U Y E N 9, SC (3/2019) Di^p Thanh Titng - Le Thj Huynh Anh Phan tich cac nhan to Bang 2: THU NHAP BINH QUAN CUA HO KHMER TRONG LUA HUYEN TRAN DE THEO NGHE NGHIEP (trieu ddng) Thu nhap binh quan ciia ho Duai 30 trieu Tir 30 - 50 trieu Tir 50 - 80 trieu Tren 80 trieu Tong Nghe cua chu ho Nghi n8ng (68) Nghe nong kiem nghe lihac (82) 63,24 35,37 19,12 29,27 7,35 25,61 10,29 9,75 100 100 Chung (150) 48,00 24,67 17,33 10,00 100 Nguon: So lieu dieu tra cua nhom tdc gid (2018) Ngoai ra, nghien cuu xet theo tinh p-ang da dang thu nhap cua hg lua, s6 lieu tai Bang cho thay thu nhap da dang co quan he cimg chieu vdi thu nhap cua hg, cu th^ hg CO thu nhap da dang thu nhap tir 50 trieu dong trd len chiem 38,71% cao hon hg khong CO thu nhap da dang (24,37%) Trong do, hg khong co thu nhap da dang co thu nhap dudi 50 trieu dong chiem ty le kha cao (74,63%) Neu chi liia thi ba nong dan khong the dam bao mire song trung binh cho gia dinh, dieu d6 doi hoi hg phai tim each tao thu nhap them ngoai liia thi thu nhap mai co the cai thien hon, nhien thu nhap van rat thap so vai miic birrh quan dau ngudi cua dia phuang Bang 3: THU NHAP BINH QUAN CUA HO KHMER TRONG LUA HUYEN TRAN DE THEO THU NHAP DA DANG (trieu ddng) Thu nhap binh quan ciia ho Duai 30 trieu Tit 30 - 50 trieu Tir 50 - 80 trieu Tren 80 trieu T6ng Thu nhap da dang Da dang (31) Khong da dang (119) 32,26 51,10 29,03 23,53 25,81 15,13 12,90 9,24 100 100 Chung (150) 48,00 24,67 17,33 10,00 100 Nguon: So lieu dieu tra cua nhom tdc gid (2018) Ben canh do, nghien cim ciing xem xet moi tuong quan giiia mot so yeu to dau vao va dau cho cay lua vdi thu nhap binh quan ciia hg nong dan Trong nghien ciiu nay, yeu to dau vao dugc dirrh nghTa bao gom dien tich dat san xuat yeu to dau la hgp dong tieu thu va gia lua Xet theo dien tich dat san xuat, ket qua khao sat tai Bang cho thay hg gia dinh co dien tich dit san xuat duai vdi thu nhap dudi 30 trieu dong/vu chiem ty le kha cao (90,91%) Trong d6, hg gia dinh co dien tich dat canh tac tir tra len co thu nhap binh quan tren 80 trieu dong Cac nhom hg gia dinh CO dien tich dat san xuat tir den dual CO thu nhap binh quan tir 30 den 80 trieu dong Dieu cho thay, dien tich dat san xuat ty le thuan vdi thu nhap ciia nong hg PHAT TRIEN BEN V L / N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, SO (3/2019) NGHIfN CCfU THl/C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIEM Bang 4: THU NHAP BINH QUAN CUA HO KHIMER TRONG LUA HUYEN TRAN BE THEO DIEN TICH DAT SAN XUAT (trieu d6ng) Thu nhfp binh quan cua ho Duai 30 trieu Dien tich dat san xuat Tif - Tif h a - (16) (87) Diroi (44) Tren (3) Chung (150) 90,91 35,63 6,25 0,00 48,00 Tit 30 - 50 trieu 6,82 36,78 12,50 0,00 24,67 Tit 50 - 80 trieu 2,27 24,14 25,00 0,00 17,33 Tren 80 trieu 0,00 3,45 56,25 100,00 10,00 100 100 100 100 100 Tong Nguon: So lieu dieu tra cua nhom tdc gid (2018) Gia lua duoc xem nhu mot ySu t6 dju '^^ '"' ""^"8 Wa cang cao Do do, gia liia la eiia san phim, g6p phk mang lai thu nhap cho ™'' '^""S "I^^S ^^^ '° g°P P"^^" """"S lai thu nhap cho ngudi liia nguai nong dan liia Bang 5, ket qua cho thay rang, gia liia cang cao thi thu nhap Bang 5: THU NHAP BINH QUAN CUA HO KHMER TRONG LUA HUYEN TRAN DE THEO GlA LUA (trieu ddng) Thu nhap binh quan cua ho Gia lua Dirdi 5,5 ngan (60) Tir 5,5-6,5 ngan (60) Tren 6,5 ngan (30) Chung (150) 56,67 50,00 26,67 48,00 Tir 30 - 50 trieu 25,0 25,00 23,33 24,67 Tir 50 - 80 trieu 13,33 16,67 26,67 17,33 5,00 8,33 23,33 10,00 100 100 100 100 Dudi 30 trieu Tren 80 ttieu Tong Nguon: So lieu dieu tra cita nhom tdc gid (2018) Ben canh gia liia dugc xem nhu la mot yeu t6 dau cua san xuat thi nghien ciiu danh gia them yeu to ky hgp dong tieu thu trudc thu hoach liia cua ba con, so Heu d Bang cho thay, da so hg liia khong ky hgp dong tieu thu trudc thu hoach, chiem 86% tong so hg dugc khao sat, ty le nhom hg khong ky hgp ddng tieu thu co thu nhap tir 50 trieu dong trd xudng chiem dai da so (75,97%) cao hon SO so voi nhom hg co ky hgp ddng trudc (52,39%) Con ddi voi nhdm hg c6 ky hgp dong tieu thu c6 thu nhap hi 50 trieu ddng tra len chiem ty le kha cao (47,62%) so vdi nhom hg khong ky hgp ddng tieu thu (24,03%) Qua ket qua khao sat co th§ thiy ring: viec ky hgp dong tieu thu se mang lai thu nhap cao ban cho hg trdng liia vi co thi tranh dugc nii ro mat gia vao vu dong (thu hoach at) PHAT TRIEN B £ N V Q N G VUNG QUYEN 9, S6 (3/2019) Diep Thanh Tiing - Le Thj Huynh Anh Phan tich cac nhin to Bang 6: THU NHAP BINH QUAN CUA HO KHMER TRONG LUA HUYEN TRAN DE THEO HOP DONG TIEU THU (trieu ddng) Hop done tieu thu Thu nhSp binh quan cua ho Co ky hop a6ng(21) Khong ky hop diing (129) Chung (150) 0irai 30 trieu 38,10 49,61 48,00 Tir 30 - 50 uieu 14,29 26,36 24,67 Tvr 50 - 80 trieu 23,81 16,28 17,33 Tren 80 trieu 23,81 7,75 10,00 100 100 100 Tong Nguon: So lieu dieu tra cua nhom tdc gid (2018) khuyen nong co thu nhap tir 30 trieu dong trd Ben canh cac yeu to dac trung ve nhan len chiem ty le kha cao (53,98%), khau, yeu to dau vao, dau cho cay Iiia, cac tac gia nghien ciru cac yeu to ve tiep can nhdm hg khong dugc tiep can khuyen nong co chinh sach cho hg nhu tiep can khuyen nong, thu nhap duai 30 hrieu dong chiem ty le cao ban 50% tong so hg nhdm Dieu noi tiep can tin dung Viec tiep can yeu to khuyen len giua tiep cap khuyen nong va thu nhap c6 nong giup ba dugc bo trg ky thuat Ilia, Cling nhu nang cao kien thiic ve giong liia mdi quan be cimg chieu, nhom hg dugc tiep minh dang g6p phan nang cao nang suat can khuyen nong co thu nhap cao han nhom Ilia tir tang thu nhap cho gia dinh Ket qua ho khong dugc tiep khuyen nong Bang cho thay, nhom hg dugc tiep can Bang 7: THU NHAP BINH QUAN CUA HQ KHMER TRONG LUA HUYEN TRAN D £ THEO Tl£P CAN KHUYEN NONG (trieu dong) Thu nhap binh quan cua ho Duoi 30 trieu Tit 30 - 50 trieu Tit 50 - 80 trieu Tren 80 trieu long Tiep can khuyen nong Khong dirffc tiep can (37) 54,05 18,92 26,55 16,22 17,70 Duffc tiep can (113) 46,02 9,73 10,81 100 100 Chung (ISO) 48,00 24,67 17,33 10,00 100 Ngudn: So lieu dieu tra cua nhom tdc gid (2018) Kit qua khao sat tai Bang cho thay, nhdm hg liia khong dugc tiep can tin dung c6 thu nhap dudi 30 trieu dong chiem ty le kha cao (60,94%), nhom cac hg dugc tiep can tin dung c6 thu nhap hi 30 din 80 trieu ddng chilm ty le hon 50%, ngoai nghien cuu cho thiy, nhdm hg c6 thu nhap tir 80 trieu trd len thi nhom hg dugc tiep can tin dung chiem im the ban nhom khong dugc tiep can tin dung (12,79% doi vdi nhom hg dugc tiep can tin dung so vdi 6,25% cua nhom khong dugc tiep can tin dung) Dieu cho thay, viec liia hg dugc tiep can tin dung CO uii the ban nhom hg khong dugc tiep can tin dung PHAT TRIEN B E N VU'NG VUNG Q U Y E N 9, S6 (3/2019) 51 NGHIfN CIJU THU-C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIEM Bang 8: THU NHAP BINH QUAN CUA HO KHMER TRONG LUA HUYEN T R A N DE THEO TIEP CAN TIN DUNG (trieu d6ng) Thu nhap binh quan cua ho Duoi 30 trieu Tir 30 - 50 trieu Tit 50 - SO trieu Tren 80 trieu Tong Tiep can tin dung Khong dutfc tiep can (64) Duoc tiep can (86) 60,94 38,37 15,63 31,40 17,19 17,44 6,25 12,79 100 100 Chung (150) 48,00 24,67 17,33 10,00 100 Nguon: So lieu dieu tra cua nhom tdc gid (2018) Qua ket qua khao sat 150 hg Khmer lua tren dia ban huyen Tran De, cac tac gia nhan thay rang thu nhap binh quan ciia hg Khmer lua van thap so vdi thu nhap binh quan dau nguai cua huyen Tran De va tinh Sdc Trang Hg liia van chiu tac dgng ciia bien dgng gia liia, ngoai ra, qua ket qua phan tich cho thay co su khac biet giiia cac nhom xa hgi theo dac trung nhan khau, yeu to dau vao, dau cho cay liia va tiep can cac chinh sach ho trg, Nhin chung, ngudi dan liia kho cd the lam giau tren chinh manh rugng cua minh neu khong co them thu nhap tir nhirng nghe khac hay khong co sy ho trg ve ky thuat va von de dau tu san xuat Vi the, viec phan tich cac yeu to anh hudng den thu nhap ciia hg Khmer liia tren dia ban huyen la can thiet de kjp thiri dua nhirng chinh sach hieu qua hon nham nang cao thu nhap cho nhiing hg dan 2.2 Cdc nhan to anh huang den thu nhap cua ho Khmer liia Qua cac ket qua ciia cac nghien ciru trudc (Nguyen Quoc Nghi va Bui Van Trinh, 2011; Dinh Phi H6, 2012; Nguyen Trgng Uyen va Le Tiln Diing, 2012; Nguygn TiSn Dung, 2014.,,) cho thiy, co kha nhieu nhan td anh hudng den thu nhap cua hg trdng liia nhu tuoi, trinh hgc v^n, gidi tinh, chi phi san xuat, san lugng lua, dien tich d4t san xuit, va nghien 52 cim ve thu nhap ciia hg Khmer lua tren dia ban huyen Tran De, tinh Soc Trang cung se chii y den cac yeu to Til' thuc trang ciia nghien cim da neu tren cho thay, thu nhap cua hg Khmer liia d huyen Tran De kha thap so vai thu nhap ciia dia phuong, va tiiy thugc vao yeu to dau san xuat liia Ket qua qua kiem dinh gia tri trung binh (T-test), cho thay, gia tri Sig^0,112 >5% khong co su khac biet ve phuang sai giua hai lua chgn ky hgp dong tieu thu, hay nhien gia tn Sig(2 J a i l e d ) - 0,008 0,05 Ket qua hoi quy tai Bang 3.2.1 cho thay, mo hinh hoi quy udc lugng cac nhan to anh hudfng den thu nhap ciia hg Khmer liia CO y nghia ve mat thong ke vdi gia tri Sig = 0,006
Ngày đăng: 02/11/2022, 19:37
Xem thêm: