Hoạch định chính sách dân số thích ứng với già hóa dân số ở việt nam

HOACH DjNH CHiNH SACH OAN so THICH QNG vcfi GIA HOA DAN S 6 VIET NAM THS LE HONG HANH n Tom tat: Gia hda dan sd dang la vin de can dUdc quan tam d Viet Nam hien Tde dp gia hda din sd nhanh vi se dat ngudng dan sd gia trQdc nam 2030 Tren cd sd dinh hUdng chinh sach din sd cua Dang vi Nhi nQdc, can cd nhQng giai phip dong bp, dd ho^eh dinh chinh sach din sd thich Qng vdi gii hoa dan cQ can tap trung vao cac npi dung nhd bao dam til chinh, sUc khoe va khuyet tat, chim sdc xa hpi, bd trf cupc sdng phu hdp, chu y tdi ngQdi cao tuoi co ddn, bi lam dung, bao hanh eung nhQ tinh hudng khan eip TUkhoa: Chinh sach din so; gia hda; hoaeh dinh chinh sach; Viet Nam Abstract: Today, aging population is a matter of concern in Vietnam Population aging rate is fast and will reach the limit for old population by 2030 Based on the population policies and orientations of the Party and State, there should be comprehensive solutions in which population policies adapted to aging problem need to focus on such contents as financial security, health and disability, social care, appropriate living conditions, attention to lonely and abused elderly people, as well as offering support in case of emergencies Keywords: Population policy; aging; policy making; Vietnam Ngay nhan bai: 29/4/2020 Ngay bien tip: 04/5/2020 Ngay duyet ding: 25/5/2020 Chinh sdch dan sd va van de gia hda dan so d Viet Nam hien Theo Uy ban dan so cua Hpi dong kinh t l - xd hpi Lien hdp quoc: chfnh sdch ddn sd Id cdc giai phap vd cdc chUPng trinh dupc thiet k l nham gdp phan hodn thdnh cdc muc tieu kinh t l - xd hdi, dan so, chinh tri va cac mye tieu khde thdng qua viec tac dgng vdo cac bien sd ddn sd chu y l u nhu quy md va sU gia tang dan sd, phdn bd ddn cu va cdc ddc trUng dan so hpc khde'" Gd the hilu, chinh sach dan sd Id djnh hudng Nhd nudc d l de dieu tiet cdc qua trinh dan sd nham dat nhQng myc tieu nhat dinh mdi thdi ky, phu hdp vdi diiu kien kinh t l - xa hgi cua dat nudc Van d l dan so d Viet Nam chinh thUc dupc d l cap cac van ban cua Nha nude cdch day gan 60 ndm, the hien d Quyet dinh sd 216/CP 26/12/1961 cija Hdi dong Chfnh phu ve viec sinh de cd hudng ddn Trong nhQng ndm tiep theo Dang va Nhd nude da cd nhQng djnh hUdng Idn cho cdng tde ddn sd phu hpp vdi tinh hinh thpc te, dd (*) Hgc vipn Hanh chinh Qudc gia @ Id Phdp lenh Dan so ndm 2003; Nghj quylt sd 21-NQ/TW 25/10/2017 tai Hdi nghj lan thQ Ban Chap hanh Trung Udng Dang khoa Xll ve cdng tdc dan sd tinh hinh mdi; Quyet dinh sd 1679/QD-TTg ngdy 22/11/2019 cua Thij tUdng Ghinh phlj phe duyet Ghien lUpc Ddn so Viet Nam din ndm 2030 Qua gan 60 nam k l tU Hdi dong Chinh phu ban hanh Quyet djnh sd 216/GP, chinh sach ddn sd Viet Nam da dgt nhilu ket qua ddng khfch le tren ca phUdng dien quy md, cP cau, phan bd vd chat lUdng ddn cU NhQng tQu cua cdng tdc ddn so k l hoach hda gia dinh da gdp phan to Idn vao su phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi cua dat nude, thuc hien thdng Ipi cac myc tieu phat trien thien nien ky, tang thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi, cai thien ddi sdng nhan ddn, giam tlnh trgng ddi ngheo, tang cUdng binh dang gidi, ddng gop cho su phdt trien bin vQng cua dat nQdc Tuy nhien, viec hoach djnh chinh sdch ddn sd hpp ly, khd thi la mdt qua trinh khd khan, phUc tap bdi vi dan sd Id mdt ITnh vpc nhay cam, lien tuc thay ddi gdn vdi eae yeu to van hda, tam ly, dgo dUc' kinh te, xd hdi To chuc nha nuoc so 5/2020 Hien nay, Viet Nam dang giai doan cudi CLia thdi ky cP cau dan so vang, bUdc dau vao giai doan gid hda vd Id mpt 10 nudc ed tic dp gia hda nhanh nha't tren the gidi, the hidn d vide tang ty le ngudi cao tuoi (NCT) (ngUdi tU 60 tuoi trd len) tong sd dan 1« h / \*^ 103 \10.1 9,7 J ^ 8.7 1979 1989 1999 2009 M M 2019 2024 2029 » M 2039 Bieu 2.Gia hoa dan sd cao tuoi'^' Bi4u Tl dan sd Viet Nam tren 60 tuoi giai doan 2009-2019, dU bao den nSm 2049'^> Cd the thay, ty le NCT d Viet Nam tang giai doan 2009-2019, dy bdo cd the ehilm 17,98% tong sd ddn vdo ndm 2049 Viee thyc hien chinh sdch dan sd - k l hogch hda gia dinh, giam nhanh mQc sinh cung vdi nhOng thdnh tUu ITnh vyc chdm sdc sdc khoe, ndng cao tuoi thp Id nhQng y l u to chinh ddn den qud trinh gia hda dan sd d nudc ta Gid hda dan s i tao cd hdi cho NGT phat huy kinh nghiem, nhUng dat nhilu thdch thUc viec xdy dpng mgt xa hpi phu hdp vdi NCT ca v l cd sd hg tang, san xuat hdng hda, dich vy, giao thdng, y te, chinh sdch lao ddng, viec lam va huu tri, to chUc cac cd sd djch vu eham sdc sdc khde Viec xdy dyng cdc chfnh sdch d l thyc hien nhiJng npi dung tren phai dupe ehuan bj tU ra't sdm de cd the tan dyng tot nhat cdc y l u to CO hpi vd hgn c h i cdc tac ddng tieu eye ciia hien tupng Gia hda ddn so d Viet Nam dang diln theo cdc xu hudng sau: ThU nhat, ty le NCT d nhdm gid nhd't (nhdm tQ 80 tuoi trd len) edng tang Dieu ndy cd dUde la sy cai thien toan dien viec chdm sdc sUc khde giup cho NCT cd cugc sdng khoe mgnh hon, sdng Idu hdn TU bilu dd tren cd the thay, ty le NCT gid nha't dan so cao tuoi da tang tQ 7,8% nam 1979 len 14,2% nam 2019, cd xu hudng giam vdo nhQng ndm tilp theo nhUng se tdng trd Igi vao nam 2039 (dy kien chiem 10,8%) Khi NCT cang gid, cac van d l hp gap phai, ddc biet Id sUc khoe va nhu cau eham sdc sUc khoe cdng tang He qud Id tdng chi phf y te vd cac djch vy kem theo, tgo dp Iyc tai ehinh ddi vdi NCT ThU hai, nQ hda ddn so cao tuoi Day Id xu hudng chung d hau h i t cac quoc gia tren the gidi Tuoi thg cua nQ gidi cao dan tdi ty le nQ sdng den tuoi gia cao hdn nam gidi Bang NQ hda din sd eao tuoi^** Nhom tij6i 2009 2014 2(129 | 2034 60-64 54,8 55,7 2019 { 2024 53,6 52.5 51,9 51,7 65-69 57,1 55,8 55,8 54,5 53,4 52,8 70-74 59,0 59,0 59,8 56.9 55,7 54,6 75-79 61,3 61,4 62,4 61,5 58,6 57.4 80+ 68,3 65.7 69,2 68,5 67,3 64,4 Ty le nO' dan so Co t h i thay ty Id nQ gidi tren 80 tuoi chiem ty Id cao, ddt yeu cau can cd sy quan tam tdi phy nO cao tuoi, ddc biet la vdi nQ cao tudi gda chong vd song dgc than v l gia ThU ba, gid hda ddn sd khae giQa thdnh thj, ndng thdn vd theo vung Ty le NCT d khu vUc ndng thdn chiem ty le cao hPn thj, dong thdi tap trung ddng vung dong bang (ddng bdng sdng Hong, duyen hai mien Trung, dong bang sdng GQu Long) Sy khde biet ddi hoi phai luu y d l tap trung UU tien cho cdc vung eo ty le NCT Idn To chirc nha nu»c so 5/3020 ... le NCT gid nha't dan so cao tuoi da tang tQ 7,8% nam 1979 len 14,2% nam 2019, cd xu hudng giam vdo nhQng ndm tilp theo nhUng se tdng trd Igi vao nam 2039 (dy kien chiem 10,8%) Khi NCT cang gid,... Bieu 2.Gia hoa dan sd cao tuoi'^' Bi4u Tl dan sd Viet Nam tren 60 tuoi giai doan 2009-2019, dU bao den nSm 2049'^> Cd the thay, ty le NCT d Viet Nam tang giai doan 2009-2019, dy bdo cd the ehilm... nhat cdc y l u to CO hpi vd hgn c h i cdc tac ddng tieu eye ciia hien tupng Gia hda ddn so d Viet Nam dang diln theo cdc xu hudng sau: ThU nhat, ty le NCT d nhdm gid nhd't (nhdm tQ 80 tuoi trd len)