BAI BAO KHOA HOC THIfC TRANG CAC YEU TO TAC B0N6 flEN TIEU DUNG THE THAO VA PHAT TRIEN DjCH VU THE DOC THE THAO QUAN CHUNG TAI VIET NAM Ngo Trang Himg*; Vu Nliu" Quynh** Nguyen Dinh Chung**; N g u y i n Ngoc Sy*** T6mtat: ^ ^ » « ^ — ^ ^ Kit quS nghidn ciiu d5 cho thiy, dOng lye tidu dDng djch vy TDTT chju anh hudng cua dpng lye tCf phia gia dinh, lien ket nhdm hay cdng ddng Nhu ciu tham gia t|p luy#n TDTT cOa ngudi dan \k rat Idn Song c^c yeu to ngoai canh, thyc trang co sd kinh doanh djch vg TDTT, cdng trinh TDTT cdn hgn che va chu'a tac dpng tich cue den tieu diing djch vy TDTT Tu" khoa: Thyc trgng, yeu to tac dpng, dpng lye, djch vu t h i dye t h i thao, nhu cau xa hpi Actual situation of factors affecting sport consumption and the development of mass physical training and sport services in Vietnam Summary: The research results have shown that the consumption motivation of physical training and sport services is influenced by motivation from family, group or community The people's demand for participating in physical training and sports is huge But the external factors, the reality of business establishments of physical training and sports services are limited and have not had a positive impact on the consumption of physical training and sports services Keywords: Actual situation, affecting factors, motivation, opinion, development, service, physical training and sport, mass, demand and society DAT VAN HE Dich vu TDTT quan chiing la loai hinh dich vu nham dap ling viec tri va phuc hdi siic khde, phat trien the chat va tinh than cho mdi ca nhan, nang cao hinh dp nghe nghiep Phat trien dich vy TDTT quan chung dap ling nhu cau xa hdi nham giai quyet van de hieu qua xa hpi, tdi da hda cdng suat cdng trinh TDTT gdp phan cham sde sire khde, giao due the chat, nang cao hieu qua dich vu cdng ddng, van hda - the thao Ngoai cdn gdp phan quan trpng nang cao chat luoTig cupc sdng ciia ngudi dan, dac biet la doi vdi nhiing ngudi ngheo va cae tang Idp chiu thiet thdi khae xa hgi Chinh vi vay, chien lupc phat trien TDTT Viet Nam din nam 2020 va dinh hudng 2030, phat triln dich vu TDTT quan chiing la mdt nhung van de dupe quan tam, chii y Tuy nhien, din nay, viec phat trien dich vu TDTT quan chiing tai Viet Nam van chua dat dupe nhu mong mudn De cd can cii khoa hpc chinh xae cho viec xac dinh va de xuat giai phap phat triln dich vy TDTT quan chiing dap ling nhu cau xa hpi ciia Viet Nam, phan tich thau dao thyc trang va cae * P G S T S , Trudng Dai Inge TDTT B i c Ninh **TS, Tru-dng Dai hgc TDTT B i c Ninh ***ThS, Trifdng Dai hpc TDTT BSc Ninh ylu td tdc ddng den ti6u diing the thao va phat trien dich vu TDTT quan ehiing \k van de e&i thiet vd cip thiet P H M G PHAP NGHIEN CifU Phuang phap nghien ciiu chii yeu: Phuang phap phan tich va tdng hop tai lieu; Phuong phap phdng van, toa dam; Phucmg phap dieu tra xa hdi hpc; Phuong phap phan tich dinh lupng; Phuong phap toan hpc thdng ke Trong quatiinhnghien ciiu, chiing tdi da tien hanh khao sat thdng qua eae ngudn sd lieu thii cap cua Tdng cue TDTT, Tdng cue Thdng ke Ve ngudn sd lieu so cap dupe thu thap thdng phieu phdng van d mdt sd tinh nhu: Ha Ndi, Tp Hd Chi Minh, Da Nang, Quang Ninh va qua mang tai dia chi https;//bit.do/eyskU Tdng cpng: 1.475 phieu Trong pham vi nghien ciiu de tai, chiing tdi gidi ban nghien ciiu ve ngudi tieu diing the thao la ca nhan sir dung dich vu the thao Nhdm khach hang tham gia sir dyng,tirainghiem true tiep cac dich vu the thao dupe tim thay d cac san tap, phdng tap, be boi, nha van hda, khdng gian cdng cdng dudi dang miin phi phai tra phi, hoac theo theo ddng eo san xuat DAOTAOVAHUANUJYBIITHETHAO - / KET QUA NGHIEN CKU VA BAN LUAN Yeu to ngoai canh tac dpng len viec tieu diing the thao Qua phan tich, tdng hpp tai lieu va phdng van cac chuyen gia da xac dinh duac cac yeu td ngoai canh tac ddng len viec tieu dung the thao cua ngudi dan gdm: Dich vy, hang hda tieu dimg su dung dich vu TDTT; Tac ddng eua cac mdn thi thao din dich vu TDTT; Tae ddng cua dia diem tap luyen den dich vy TDTT va tac ddng cua thu nhap binh quan va chi phi cho dich vu TDTT Cu thi: 1.1 Chi phi tieu diing cho dich vy TDTT Ket qua thdng ke ve cac loai hinh dich vy TDTT trinh bay d bieu dd IJ uj m ' en Qua bieu cho thay: Chi phi cho dich vy TDTT chii yeu la mua diing tap luyen (34.1%), tra tien thue dia diem tap luyen the thao (18.3%) va chi phi hdi phuc cothe (12.8%) Nhu vay, tra phi cho cac dich vy cd ngudi hudng din edn rat han ch§ chi 2.3%, Idn han la cho cac dich vu ed giao vien hudng dan nhu day boi, vo thuat chiem 13.6% Tir ket qua thu dupe cho thay, dich vu TDTT van cdn chua phat trien manh va mdi ehi d mire thuan tiiy nhu thue dia diem, mua dd dung tap luyen Ddi vdi cae dich vy d cap dp cao hon nhu xem thi dau, sy kien the thao va tap luyen the thao cd ngudi hudng dan cdn rat han che Chua fiSu dung Chi phi cho hoi phuc co t h i (dinh du'o'ng Ihe thao Mua ve xem thi dau ho$c cac su lc buoi t^p thuan Ipi vd'i khu VLFC 1.3 Tac dong cua dia diim tap luy^n din Tir ket qua thu thu dupe d bieu dd cho thdy: djch vu TDTT Xu hudng tap luyen d ea khu vuc thi va Ket qua phan bd giiia cdng trinh TDTT theo ndng thdn deu td chiic budi tap theo nhdm, khu khu vyc d bieu dd den vyc thi cao hem nong thdn Td ehice budi tap theo ca nhan cd sy tuong ddng giua hai khu vyc va cdn chiem ty le Idn So ngudi chua tap d khu vyc ndng thdn cao hon thi Ket qua phan bd giiia hinh thuc td chiic budi tap vdi gidi tinh d bieu Tir ket qua thu thu dupe d bieu dd eho thay: Xu hudng tap luyen theo nhdm d gidi tinh nam Nfing thon Th^nh th| Nong then Thanh th| cao ban nii, giiia td chue budi tdp theo nhdm va ca nhan cd su tuong ddng d gidi tinh nii Bieu Phan phoi giira tap luyen 1.1 a cong trinh TDTT ciia doanh nghiep theo khu virc Ket qua thu dupe d bieu dd thiy: Phan phdi ngudi tham gia tap luyen d cdng trinh the thao cua doanh nghiep va hd kinh doanh cdn th4p, d khu vuc thi cao hon ndng thdn, song d chung ca khu vuc thi van cdn thap Dieu chiing td, dich vy TDTT phai tra phi d ca khu C^ nhan Chu'a ($p Nh6m CS nhan Chu'a t#p Nh6m vyc chua cd sir phat trien dong deu To chOc buoi l|p Ddi vdi dich vy TDTT mien phi eho thay cd su Bleu Phan phoi glLra to chLrc buoi tap •-I vd'i gio-i tinh BM TAO VA HUAN LUYBU TIE THAO - S t f / Bieu d o P h a n p h o i giu>a t a p luyen 6* c o n g trinh T D T T cua h p kinh d o a n h t h e o k h u vu'c B i l u d o P h a n phoi giira t a p luyen 6* c d n g trinh T D T T c u a c a p x a t h e o k h u vi^c phan phdi ddng deu d cac cdng trinh the thao eiia cap xa xay dung (nha van hda, san bdng da ) Ddi vdi tap luyen cua ngudi dan d khdng gian cdng cpng chinh quy chinh quyen xay dyng (Cdng vien, khu sinh boat cpng ddng ) cd dung cy, may tap the dye cho thay cd su lua chpn nhilu d khu vyc thi, khu vuc ndng thdn thdp ban, song dilu ed thi xuit phat tir su thiiu hut khdng gian cdng cdng dang ih Uii thao oija oy s* I doanh thft thao CA nhSn Chu'a t^p t Bieu Phan phoi giCra tap luyen d" khong gian cong cong theo khu virc Ket qua phan bd giiia hinh thiic td chiie budi tap vdi dia diem thudng xuyen tap luyen Idn nhdt dugc trinh bay d bieu 10 Qua bieu dd 10 cho thay: Viec td chiic tap luyen theo nhdm chiem uu the d cac cdng trinh TDTT d cac co quan, khdng gian cdng cpng va tu nhan, td chiic budi tap theo ca nhan cdn thap va chii yeu la tap luySn tai nha 1.4 Tac ddng cua thu nhap binh quan va chi phi cho dich vu TDTT - v l thu nhap binh quan va miic chi tieu duoc trinh bdy d bdng Qua bang cho thay: Chi phi giiia khu vyc cho dich vy TDTT cd sy khac biet ro, d khu vyc d ndng thdn la 306,579d thi trung binh hang thang la 601,418d cao gap 1.96 lan Ve chi tieu tnmg binh bdng thdng eho tieu dung dich vy TDTT dupe trinh bay d bieu dd 11 Qua bieu 11 cho thay: Xu hudng chu dao ddi vdi miic dp chi tieu tnmg binh bdng thdng eho tieu diing dich vy TDTT cd xu hudng khdng thay ddi (59.91%) vd tang len (17.98%) COng trinh Ihs thi don v| t h u ^ kl iilL CA nhan Chua tap I Bieu 10 Phan phoi giira to chirc buoi tap vd'i dja diem thu'O'ng xuyen tap luyen BAI BAO KHOA HOC Bang Thu nhap binh quan va mu'c chi tieu I Thu nhap binh quan hang thang (VND) Chi phi cho dich vu TDTT hang thang (VND) Khu vyc Thinh thi Nong thdn 8.602.778 5.887.302 601.418 306.579 So sanh gi&a khu vyc 1.46 lan 1.96 lan cpng dong den viec tham gia djch vi^ TDTT Bieu 11 Chl tieu trung binh hang thang cho tieu dung dich vu TDTT Tac dpng tO dpng lire ban thdn va Ngoai cac tac ddng tam ly, ddng luc ban than thi dpng luc cpng ddng cd vai trd het siic quan trpng de khach hang den vdi dich vy the thao De xac dinh nhung tac ddng nay, de tai da tim hilu myc dich chu yeu ma ngudi dan yeu thich thudng xuy8n dupe tap luyen TDTT Kit qua eu the dupe trinh bdy d bieu dd 12 Qua bieu 12 eho thay: Cdc y%u td tac ddng tir bdn than chiem ty le Idn la nang cao siic khde, phdt tiiln thi chit va tinh thdn (15.4 - 17.3%), Xay di/ng sy ty tin/ I6ng ty trgng | Vuivfe I Ph^ttnen cScky nang i Gap go nh6m cung sd thfch I • 7.7 I 7.1 Cho tri em ciing tham gia I Du'cc giao li^u v6i nhieu ngudi | Nang cao sire khoe Vci tinh than | Thamgia/hSlracflngdfingdiaphuu'ng | Tap the due/ phdt trien the chat | Hoa nhap voi cgng d6ng dan cu' | Bieu 12 Tac dpng tir cac yeu to ban than va cpng dong den djch vu TDTT edn cae yeu td cdng ddng cdn chiem ty le thap: gap go nhdm ciing sd thich (7.1%), dupe giao luu vdi nhieu ngudi (11.3%.), hda nhap vdi cgng ddng dan cu (12.9%), cho tre em cung tham gia (5.6%) Tir ket qua cho thay, tuong tac vdi gia dinh, cdng ddng cdn rat ban che, di nguoc vdi xu huong ciia the thao cdng ddng, marketing tieu thy dich vu TDTT Vi ddng luc chinh khien mdt ca nhan tieu diing dich vy TDTT thi yeu td dpi, mdn thi ddu doi khdng cdn quan trgng niia, vi muc dich chinh hp din la vi gia dinh, ban be Do vay, can thiet phai thiie day cdc tac dpng tir cpng ddng de tao nen sy ket ndi van hda ndi chung va the thao ndi rieng Thirc trang cc s6< kinh doanh djch vu TDTT va cong trinh TDTT Ket qua thdng ke sd lupng co sd va CLB the thao eiia 42 tinh nam 2018 Tir ket qua thu duoc cho thay, co sd kinh doanh boat ddng TDTT chi phat trien manh d khu vuc thi, loai yeu td thi d cdc tinh thdnh chu ylu phat trien gan lien vdi CLB thi thao tai khu dan cu (60.3%), loai hinh CLB thi thao tai ca quan don vi (25.7%) vd Co sd kinh doanh hoat ddng TDTT (14.0%) v l sd lupfng cdng trinh the thao va so sanh eiOTMIVAHUnBITIfllUO -$0 4/2019 Bang Ket qua thong ke so lurgrng ca siy va cau lac bo the thao So tinh thong ke CLB the thao tai khu dan cu CLB the thao tai ca quan don vi Co scr kinh doanh hoat dong TDTT 42 42 42 30.804 43.226 12.928 2.242 (7.3%) 730 (5.7%) 36.613 (84.7%) 35.4 14.9 49.7 Ty le % BChong tinh TP Ho Chi Minh 14 60.3 25.7 le cdng trinh la be boi va nha tap luyen cdn mirc dp phdt trien cita 63 tinh thdnh Ket qud thu dupe cho thay, sd luong cdng chiem ty le nhd Trong nhu cau ve cdng trinh hinh TDTT nam 2018 la 120.534 cdng trinh TDTT la be boi thudng rat cao cdc dip he NhCrng anh hirang khach quan va mong TDTT cdc loai, so vdi nam 2009 thi da tang 2.67 lan, tang manh nhat la cdng trinh be boi muon cua ngtrm ddn de djch vu TDTT quan vdi 3.932/609 tuong irng 6.46%, nha thi dau va chung cang ddp irng nhu cau xa hpi - Nhiing anh hudng khdch quan ed ehi phdi tap luyen la 10.119/3.415 tang 2.96 Idn va Idn hon miic tang chung la 2.67 lan Nhu vay, ve co Idn den viec tham gia cac hoat dpng the dye the ban cac cdng trinh san tap khdng tang manh bdng thao ciia ngudi dan Qua bieu 13 cho thay: Nguyen nhan chinh cac cdng tiinh nha tap va be bai Tir kit qud ndy da cho thay cac dich vy TDTT phai tra phi den chii yeu thieu cdng trinh (43.2%) hoac khdng chit yeu tCr nhdm cac cdng trinh be boi va nhd thuan loi di chuyen den dia diem tap luyen phu tap Tuy nhiSn, ty le cdng trinh TDTT dang hop" (26.4%) - Xdc dinh nhiing mong mudn ciia ngudi dan cdn chiera ty le thap Xem xet cau trite cac loai dupe cho la cap thiet de dich vy TDTT quan cdng trinh TDTT nam 2018 cua 63 tinh Ket qua thu dupe cho thay, ty le cdng trinh chung cang dap ling nhu cau xa hdi TDTT la san tap chiem ty le Idn vdi 83.9%, ty Qua bieu 14 cho thay: 60.6% eho rang can Bang Thong ke so lu'p'ng cdng trinh the thao nam 2018 2018 mi Ty le % Tong Nam 2018 Trong d6: TP Ho Chi Minh So nha tap luyen thi dau the thao Be bai San van dpng San tap Da nang Dan mon 50m 25m Khac Co khan dai Khong CO khan dai Bong da mini Bong chuyen Bong ro Cau long Quan vat San don gian khac Tong so: 1.552 8.567 333 1.240 2.359 420 4.936 14.467 35.310 2.255 27.981 5.040 16.074 10.119 8.40 3.932 3.30 5.356 4.40 101.127 83.90 120.534 100 BAI BAO KHOA HOC Thieu thong tin, quang cao tir ben cung LPng dich vu' Gio tap trong, gia ca, ngyai day Khong thien tien di c h u y i n d i n dia d i l m t^p luygn • phii hop ' T h i l u c6ng trinh the thao, khong gian cong c^ng, d\3 • Q\em tap luyen phii hop ' IOQ%150%20 0%25 0% m 0% 45 0% 50 0% B i l u 13 Anh hiro'ng khach quan chi phoi den viec tham gia cac hoat dpng TDTT cua ngirai dan Tnen l^hai cac hogt dOng cu the ve s y tham gia cua cong dong dan cu' doi v6i cac q u y l t dinh va hanh dpng' Ho tra chinh quyen cap xa thu'c hi^n cung cap dich vu tl due the thao hieu qua Sac biet la xay dyng muc Da d^ng hoa cac hinh thi>c ph6 b i l n , tuyen truyen de cai thong tin ve TDTT quan chung den H^i hoa cdc i(?i fch l