Sir tham gia ciia tre em cac van de lien quan den han than Bui Phirong Thanh'*' Tom tat: Bdi viit tap trung phdn tich quan niem ciia tre em vi viec nghe lai ngudi Idn; nhirng rdo cdn tre em gap phdi bdy td y kiin hay tham gia vdo nhirng hogt ddng lien quan den tre Nhin chung tre em dua quan niem khdng nhdt thiit phdi nghe Idi ngudi lan mgi vdn de lien quan din ban thdn Nhihig rdo cdn cdn tro su tham gia cua tre em bao gdm cd yiu td chu quan vd khdch quan, xudt phdt tic bdn thdn tre cUng nhu tu phia gia dinh, nhd trudng Nhdn thiic vd ky ndng ve su tham gia cua tre cdn hgn ehe, tre ddnh phdn Idn thdi gian cho viee hgc tap thay vi tham gia cdc hogt dgng khac Ben canh do, phu huynh chua nhdn thiic hit dugc quyen tham gia cUng nhu y nghia cua su tham gia cua tre em vdo cdc vdn di lien quan din chung Vdn eon tdn tgi sugido due gia dlnh theo md hinh gia trudng ddc dodn, cha me quyet dinh thay cho cdi nhirng vdn di cua eon Tir phia nhd trudng, thdy cd chua thuc su hieu vd tgo diiu kiin di tre em tham gia vdo cdc hogt ddng vd thiiu mdt ca chi an todn di tre em bdy td y kiin Tir khoa: Tre em, Sy tham gia, Van de tre em Abstract: The paper analyzes children's views of listening to adults as well as the barriers they face on expressing their opinions or participating in children-related activities Children generally have the notion that they not necessarily listen to adults in all matters related to them Obstacles that hinder children's participation include both subjective and objective factors, arising from the children themselves as well as from the family, the school The children's awareness and skills about participation are limited as they spend most of their time studying instead of participating in activities In addition, parents are not fully aware of children's rights to participate in issues related to them as well as its significance The educational function ofthe family yet follows the patriarchal model in which parents make every decision in place of their children As for school education, teachers not really understand and facilitate children to participate in activities and there is a dearth of safety mechanism for children to express their opinions Keywords: Children, Participation, Children-related Issues '•' TS., ViSn Nghien cuu Thanh nien; Email: thanhxhh26@gmail.com 28 ©at van de Tre em CO quyin thi hien chinh kiln eua minh v l nhirng vdn dl anh hudng din ban than ciing nhu cd quyin ndi len tilng ndi cua minh va cdn dugc ldng nghe, ghi nhdn Bdi tre em cd kha nang hmh quan diem, nhin sy vat, hien tugng, cac van de theo each ciia rieng mmh Tre em Cling CO nhiing each giai quylt van dl theo cdch rieng cua tte Tii sinh ra, tte em trai nghiem cudc sdng va hgc tap vdi nhiing ngudi khac cac cdng ddng nhu gia dinh, nhd ttudng, dia phuang, Tre em la nhiing ngudi cimg cap thdng tin chinh, la cac chuyen gia ttong cupc sdng cua chinh cac em (McNaughton, 2002) va thuc sy Id ngudn tu vdn tdt nhdt cho nhiing van de dnh hudng din tre (Osborn & Bromfield, 2007) Dieu cho thay tdm quan ttpng cua sy tham gia ciia tte em cung nhu viec tre ndi len tieng noi cua minh cac van de lien quan ban thdn Tuy nhien, thyc te khdng phai tre em nao ciing cd the bay td y kien ve nhiing vdn de ciia minh, ma mdt sd gia dinh, trudng hpc tte era chu yeu nghe loi cha me, thdy cd Bai viet tap trung lam ro quan niem ciia tte em ve viec nghe loi ngudi Idn mdt sd van de lien quan den ban thdn va nhirng rao cdn tre em bay td y kien va tham gia cac hoat ddng lien quan den tre' Phiro^ng phap va khach the nghien cihi Cdc dir lieu thuc tien nghien eiiu dugc thu thap chu yeu bdng phieu trung cdu y kien hgc sinh trung hpc co sd tren dia Thong Hn Khoa hoc xa hoi so lO.suiJ ban cac tinh/tiidnh Lang Som, Phii Yen va phd Hd Chi Minh vao tiidng 9/2018 Ben canh dd, phuang phap thdo ludn nhdm (TLN) vdi giao vien va hpc sinh ciing dugc thyc hien nhdm bd sung thdng tin djnh tinh cho ket qua nghien ciiu them phong phuDfi lieu sau thu v l dugc xii If bang phdn mIm SPSS for Window phien ban 22.0 vdi cac phep thdng ke, mo ta, trung binh, tuang quan Kilm djnh Chi-Square (X^) dugc dimg dl tim hieu mdi lien he giiia cac nhom khdch thi theo dac diem gidi tinh, khu vuc sinh sdng, dia ban khdo sat Ben canh dd, nghien ciru sir dung phep kiem dinh T-Test va Anova dl so sanh sy khac biet ve gid tri tnmg binh cua nhdn thiie vdi cac nhom bien sd gidi tinh, khu vuc sinh song, dia bdn khdo sat Khach thi dugc lya chgn ttong mau nghien ciiu la 450 hgc sinh trung hgc co sd Ca cdu mau cy the nhu sau: Ve gidi tinh: Nam chiem 41,1% (185 ngudi); nit chiem 58,9% (265 ngudi) Khu vyc sinh song: Thanh thi chiem 36,9% (166 ngudi); ndng thdn 63,1% (284 ngudi) Dia ban: Lang Son chilm 33,3% (150 ngudi); Phii Yen chiem 33,3% (150 ngudi); Thanh Hd Chi Mmh chilm 33,3% (150 ngudi) Ket qua va ban luan 3.1 Quan niem cua tre em vi viec nghe Idi ngudi Idn cdc vdn di lien quan den bdn thdn Tu dien Petit Robert dinh nghTa: vdng Idi Id nghe va lam theo y mudn cua ngudi khac (Dan theo: Nguyin Khanh Tmng, 2016) Nghien ciiu ciia Nguyen Khanh Trung (2016) so sdnh giao due gia ' Cac s6 lieu, bang, bi£u, y kien thao luan nhom sii dung bai viet dugc tong hop tii ket qua khao dinh giiia phu huynh Phap va phu huynh sat thuc te cua DS tai cip Vien "Nghien ciiu phat Viet Nam da chi rang, dudng nhu giao trien cac hinh thtic thiic dSy 'tieng noi tre em' ve due gia dinh va nha trudng hien d Viet cac vin de lien quan din tre em" lac gia lam chii Nam dang uu tien giao due su vdng lai nhiem, Vien Nghien cuu Thanh nien chii tri, thuc Trong cac gid tri uu tien chuyin tai cho hien nam 2018 29 oif mom gia cua rre em cai, cac bdc cha me Viet nhan manh trudctiendin sy vang Idi, ngoan hien, hieu tiido, le nghTa, kinh tten nhudng dudi Trong dd, vdi cac gia tri uu tien, phu huynh Phdp lai nhdn manh trudc het su tdn trgng ngudi khac (tdn ttpng nhiing ddc dilm rieng cua ngudi khac, sy khac biet cua ngudi khac, cac vdn hda khac nhau), lich thiep, ttach nhiem, quan tam, chia se phuc vu ngudi khde, tinh lien ddi cpng dong vd xd hdi, Trong nghien ciiu ciia chiing tdi, quan niem vl su nghe Idi ngudi Idn dugc tim hilu thong qua gia dinh cho rdng tte em nen nghe Idi ngudi Idn ttong mpi van de lien quan din ban than cdc em vdi ba miic dp ddng tinh: 1/ Khdng ddng tinh = diem; 2/ Phan vdn = diem; 3/ Ddng tinh = diem Diem ciia thang dao ddng tii den 3, vdi dilm tmng binh chung la Tuong iing vdi ba miic dp nhu tren, diem trung binh cdng thap cd nghia xu hudng khdng ddng tinh cang cao, the hien quan niem ciia tre em ve viec cdn thiet bay td y kien ciia minh ttong cdc vdn de lien quan den ban thdn thay vi nghe loi ngudi Idn mpi tmdng hgp Ket qud nghien ciiu cua chiing tdi cho thay, nhin chung tte em cudc khao sat da dua quan niem khdng nhat thiet phdi nghe Idi ngudi Idn ttong mgi vdn de lien quan den bdn than tre Dieu dugc the hien d diem tmng binh la 1,94 (diem trung binh nhd ban 2) Tre em ciing can phai dupe bay td y kien, quan diem ve nhiing vdn de lien quan den ban than minh Va ban het, tre em thuc su la ngudn tu vdn tdt nhdt cho nhiing van de anh hudng tryc tiep den chiing (Osbom & Bromfield, 2007) Ket qua ciing khdng dinh cho sy thay ddi dan ttong quan niem cua tte em ve viec nghe Idi ngudi Idn Tmdc ddy, ttong mdt thdi gian dai chiu sy anh hudng ciia nen giao due Nho gido ma d su ton ti, ttat ty dugc de cao, tte em phai tuyet dii nghe Idi ngudi Idn ma khdng cd quyin bay td y kien cua ban thdn, cd vdi nhihig dieu khdng phii hgp Tuy nhien, theo kit qua thdo ludn nhdm, hien tre em da dua nhiing quan diem ro rdng ve viec khong nhdt thiet phai nghe Idi ngudi Idn mpi trudng hgp: Tui ciing lan rdi cd phdi nhu nit cdp I ddu md cdi gi cung phdi nghe, chung cUng cd chinh kiin rieng chic Ddi nhiing dieu khdng phii hgp md cu bdt chung lam theo thi dugc g Vi du nhu di hgc thim, bd me etc bdt phdi di hgc ddn nhung md khdng thich, thich di hgc vo Bd me lgi bdo gdi thi phdi thi ndy, the nhung bd me phdi theo sd thich cua chic (TLN tre em, Tp Hd Chi Minh) Bang I: Y kien tre em ve viec nghe loi ngiriri Ion mpi van de li€n quan den ban than binhx Do lech chuan 1,94 0,77 2,18 0,71 Diem trung STT Tieu chi Chung Gioi ti'nh (p