Sir tham gia cua ngiroi dan qua trinh xay dung nong thon moi 6* khu vyc dong bang song Cuu Long: Thuc trang va van de dat Nguyen Trpng Binh*'' Tom tat: Xdy dung ndng thdn mdi Id mdt chinh sdch dgc biet quan trgng, liin quan true tap den quyen, lgi ich vd cudc sdng cua ddng ddo cu ddn ndng thdn Vi vgy, qud trinh triin khai chinh sdch ndy cdn coi trgng su tham gia cua ngudi ddn nhdm phdt huy vai trd chu thi ciia cu ddn ndng thdn Dua tren cdc kit qud nghien cuu ly lugn vd khdo sdt thuc tien', bdi viit neu lin thuc trgng su tham gia cua ngudi ddn qud trinh xdy dung ndng thdn mdi; ddng thdi chi ro mdt sd vdn de ddt lien quan din su tham gia ciia ngudi ddntrong qud trinh xdy dung ndng thdn mdi a khu vuc ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long Tir khoa: Sy tham gia ciia ngudi dan, Xdy dung nong thon mdi, Ddng bang song Ciiu Long Abstract: Vietnam's target program on new rural development is a vital policy directly associated to the rights, benefits and livelihood of residents in rural areas Accordingly, should there be focus on the inhabitants participation in order to promote their subjective role Based on various theoretical and practical surveys, this article discusses the reality of rural resident participation in the process of building new rural areas through a case study ofthe Mekong delta area Keywords: Inhabitant Participation, New Rural Area Building, Mekong Deha Mddau Dya tten ly ludn hien cd, nghien ciiu tiln hdnh dilu tta, khao sat sy tham gia cua ngudi dan qua trinh xay dyng ndng thdn mdi d khu vyc ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long (vdi 800 philu khao sat tai bdy tmh/thanh phd, ttong dd 300 philu danh cho dpi ngu can bp Mat ttdn, cdc doan the nhdn dan va 500 phieu ddnh eho ngudi dmi) tten cdc khia canh, nhu: (i) tham gia bdu cu Ban Phat trien lang/dp; (ii) sy cdng khai minh bach thdng tin ctia chinh quyin; (iii) tham gia vao qua ttmh xdy dung chuang " TS., Hoc vien Chinh trj khu vuc IV; tiinh, kl hoach, dy dn xdy dyng ndng thon Email: trongbinhI95@yahoo.com mdi thdng qua neu sang kien, thao ludn, ' Bai viet chii ylu su dung k6t qua nghien ciiu cua De phan bien vd quyet dinh; (iv) ddng gop tai khoa hpc cip bp nam 2018-2019 "Nang cao hieu qua tham gia ciia nguoi dan qua trinh xay dung - u- '• • lu ji nong thon moi c khu virc dong bang Song Cuu Long tac gia lam chii nhiem g^^ j ^ ^ , ^^^^ (,^^,j^ ^U n g u y e n ; ( v ) tU q u a n ', ,' > A i ^i - t.i c- ^- , ' t ttone qua trinh xay dung nong thon moi; " ^ " " M"" " " " j^ & (vi) giam sdt viec ttien khai chinh sdch, dy 52 an xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi; (vii) danh gid va phan hdi y kien v6 miic dp bdi ldng ttong xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi Sir tham gia ciia ngirdi dan qua trinh xay dyng nong thdn mdi d dong hang song Cuu Long: l/u diem va han che, bat cap iTudiem Cd the khdi luge uu diem ve su tham gia ciia ngudi ddn qua trinh xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi d khu vyc dong bang sdng Cim Longqua mot sd phuang dien chii yeu sau: Mdt Id vi bdu cic Ban Phdt trien dp, ket qua khdo sat cho thdy, cd 76% sd ngudi dugc hdi cho biet, bg co tham gia bdu cu Ban Phat trien dp; cd 83,3% sd ngudi dugc hoi cho rang Ban Phdt trien dp lam viec mot each cdng khai, minh bach va dan chu Hai Id ve cdng khai, minh bgch thdng tin nhdm dam bao "quyen dugc biet" eua ngudi ddn, ket qud khdo sat cho thdy, cd 78% sd ngudi dugc hdi la can bd Mat trdn va cdc dodn the nhan ddn d co sd eho rang, hp biet ve Chuang ttinh muc tieu qudc gia xay dyng nong thdn mdi; 86% so ngudi dugc hdi biet ve bp tieu chi xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi; 87% biet ve chuong ttinh, ke hoach xay dung ndng thon mdicua huyen va xd; 45%) biet ve quy hoach xdy dyng ndng thon mdi cua xd; 42%) biet ve dy an xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi va dy todn, quyet toan cac du dn xdy dung ndng thon mdi Con doi vdi ngudi ddn, 39% sd ngudi dugc hoi cho rang hg cd biet ve Chuong trinh muc tieu qudc gia xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi Ba Id vi hogt ddng neu sdng kien, thdo ludn vdphdn bien qua ttinh xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi, theo ket qua nghien cuu, cd 36% so ngudi dugc hdi cho biet Mat trdn Td qudc vd cac dodn the nhan dan co neu sang kien ttong xdy dung ndng thdn mdi; Thong tin Khoa hpc xa hoi, s6 9.2019 cd 92% sd ngudi dugc hdi la can bd Mat trdn vd doan thi nhdn ddn cho biet Mat ttan Td qudc va cdc doan the nbdn ddn cd thyc hien phan bien xa hdi ddi vdi dy thao chinh sdch, ke hoach xdy dung ndng thdn mdi; co 52% sd ngudi ddn dugc hdi cho rdng, hg cd nhieu ca hdi tham gia vao viec thao luan, bdn bac, neu y kiln ddi vdi k l hoach va quy hoach xdy dung ndng thdn mdi ciia xa; 68% cho rdng, hp cd co hdi thdo ludn, ban bac va neu y kien ve miic ddng gdp cho cac dy an xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi; 59% cho biet hp tiiam gia thdo ludn v l cdc du an xay dyng nong thon radi va miic ddng gdp thyc hien cac dy an xdy dyng nong thdn mdi cdc cudc thao ludn chinh quyen xd td chiic (Nguyen Trpng Binh, 2019) Bdn Id vi tham gia ddng gdp ngudn luc tu nguyin, kit qua khdo sat cho thdy, ttong si nhiing ngudi dugc hdi cd 49,3% sd ngudi dugc hdi cho bilt, hg cd tham gia ddng gdp ngudn lyc (dat dai, cdng, tdi chinh, nguyen vdt lieu ) de xdy dyng cac dy an ndng thdn mdi; ttong sd dd, 23,3% thara gia hien ddt; 36% tham gia ddng gdp cdng; 19,3% ddng gdp tai chinh (tien mat) va ban 20% tham gia ddng gdp hien vat Ndm Id vi hogt ddng kiim tra, gidm sdt eiia ngudi ddn, ket qud nghien ciiu cho thay, CO 68% sd ngudi dan dugc boi cho biet, hp cd theo doi vd cho y kien ddi vdi chinh quyen ve cdc van de lien quan den xdy dung ndng thon mdi, cilng nhu boat ddng cua he thdng chinh tti xa; cd 55% cho biet Mat ttdn Td quic va cac doan the nhdn ddn thudng xuyen neu y kien, kien nghi doi vdi td chiic Ddng, chinh quyen vl cac vdn dl cd lien quan din xdy dung ndng thdn mdi Vai trd kilm tta, giam sat cua Ban Thanh tra Nhan ddn va Ban Giam sat Cdng dong ttong qua ttinh xdy dyng nong thdn mdi ciing da dugc phat huy Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thdy, c6 Sy tham gia ciia nguoi dAn 76% sd ngudi dugc hdi cho rdng, boat ddng ngudi dugc hdi khdng tham gia bau cur cac ciia Ban Thanh tta Nhdn dan va Ban Gidm vien cua Ban Phat triln dp; ve chdt sat ddu tu cua cdng ddng la hieu qua lugng bau cir, ty le ngudi ttd Idi cho bilt Sdu Id ve tu qudn cua ngudi ddn ttong ed ttr hai ling cii vien ttd len de ddn bdu qua ttmh xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi ttong Tmdng ban Phdt ttien dp la 53,68%; ty thdi gian qua, cac dia phuong thupc khu le ngudi ttd Idi cho bilt hinh thiic bdu cii vyc ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long da xudt hien Ban Phat ttien dp thdng qua bd philu kin nhieu md hinh tu qudn cd hieu qua d dp, thu la 83,48%; ty le ngudi tta Idi cho bilt kit but sy tham gia cua nhieu ngudi ddn, nhu qua bdu cii Tmdng ban Phat ttien dp va cac md hinh "tieng mo an ninh", phong ttao thdnh vien ciia Ban Phat ttien dp dugc niem "tii try", cdng rao an ninh, cac td td giac va yet cdng khai la 74,34% Dac biet, miic phdng chdng tdi pham, td ty quan ddng tpc ty chii cua ngudi dan ttong viee lya chpn, ve an ninh ttat ty ttong ddng bao Khmer, quyet dinh cac vien Ban phat trien phong ttao chung tay bao ve va xay dyng dp chua cao ty le ngudi ttd Idi cho biet cdnh quan mdi tmdng xanh, sach dep gdn chinh quyen khdng ggi y bdu cu cho mot vdi dac thu cua mien sdng nude Ket qua ling vien cu the la 22,85%i nghien ciru cung cho thay, cd 54%i sd ngudi Thic hai, viec thuc hiin cdng khai thdng dugc hdi cho biet, hg cd tham gia qudn ly tin vd bdo ddm di ngudi ddn, Mat trgn Td cac dy an xay dyng ndng thdn mdi sau qudc vd cdc dodn the nhdn ddn neu sdng cac du an hoan kiin, thdo ludn, phdn biin vd quyet dinh Bdy Id vi Idy y kiin ddnh gid mdc qud trinh xdy dung ndng thdn mdi hdi long cua ngudi ddn ddi vdi ket qua xdy cdn nhiiu hgn che Miic dp tiep can thdng dyng ndng thdn mdi, ket qua nghien ciiu tin ciia ngudi dan ttong qua trinh xdy dung cho thay, cd 62% sd ngudi dugc hdi Id can nong thdn mdi cdn ban che, nhdt la tiep can bd MatttdnTd qudc, cdc doan the nhan dan thdng tin lien quan den quy hoach xdy dyng cho rdng MatttdnTd qudc va cac doan the ndng thdn mdi, du an xay dyng ndng thdn nhdn dan da ttien khai viec Idy y kien ve radi va thu chi ngdn sach lien quan den dy miic dp hai ldng cua ngudi dan ddi vdi cac an xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi Ty lettdldi cho tieu chi dat dugc ve xdy dyng ndng thdn rdng hp tilp can dugc thdng tin ve cac ndi mdi Ve phia ngudi ddn, cd 50% sd ngudi dung tuong ung la 20%, 7% vd 5,3% dugc hdi eho biet, hg cd tham gia vao viec Kit qud nghien ciiu cho thdy,ttongsd ngudi danh gia hieu qua chinh sach, dy an xay dugc hoi cd 64% cho biet MatttdnTd qudc va cac dodn the nhdn dan khdng neu sang dyng ndng thqn mdi kiln chinh sach ttong xdy dyng ndng thdn Hgn chi vd bdt cap Ben canh nhimg uu diem ndi tten, sy mdi; 48% cho biet, hp it hoac khong cd ca tham gia cua ngudi dan ttong qua trinh xdy hdi tham gia vdo viec thao ludn, ban bac dyng ndng thdn mdi d khu vuc ddng bang ddi vdi ke hoach, quy hoach xay dyng ndng sdng Cihi Long van cdn khdng it han che thdn mdi ciia xd; 44%) cho biet, hg khdng cd CO hdi ban bac, de xudt vdi chinh quyen va bdt cap, cu the la: Thie nhdt, tinh tu chu cua ngudi ddn vl cdc dy an xay dyng ndng thdnradi;32% bdu cu Ban Phdt triin dp cdn chua cho bilt, hg khdng cd co hdi tham gia ban cao Ve ca hpi tham gia, van cdn 24% sd bac ve miic ddng gdp de thuc hien cac dy an 54 Thdng tin Khoa hpc x& h$i s6 9.2019 xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi can cd sy ddng gdp Nhan dan cimg cdn mdt sd bat c$p Ket qua ciia ngudi ddn; 42,7% cho bilt, dai dien hd khdo sat chotiiay,cd 42% so ngudi dugc hoi giaffinhkhdng dugc chinh quyin mdi tham cho rdng, boat ddng ciia Ban Giam sat dau tu du cac cudc hgp de ldng nghe y kiln cua hg cua cdng ddng va Ban Thanh ti^ Nhdn ddn ttong xay dung ndng thdn mdi Phdn bien xd la khdng hieu qua hgi cua ngudi ddn Mat trdn Td qudc vd cdc Thd tu, su tham gia ddng gdp ngudn luc tir nguyen cua ngudi ddn de thue hien dodn the nhdn ddn qud trinh xdy dung ndng thdn mdi ciing nhiiu hgn che Cdcdc die dn xdy dung ndng thdn moi 44% ngudi ddn dugc hdi cho biet, hp khdng chua cao Cy till la: (i) miictiiamgia ddng cd CO hdi de phdn bien ddi vdi de xudt dy an gdp nhin chung cdn chua cao Trong giai xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi ciia chinh quyen doan 2011-2015, vdn huy ddng ngudi Viic bdo ddm di ngudi ddn thuc hiin quyinddn ddng gdp chilm 14,82% tdng ngudn quyit dinh ddi vdi cdc vdn di quan trgng vdn ddu tu cho xay dyng ndng thdn mdi liin quan den xdy dung ndng thdn mdi dgt tyNIU so vdi miic ddng gdp ty nguyen eiia 14 thdp Theo ket qua nghien ciiu, cd 65% sd ngudi ddn ttong Phong ttao Lang mdi d ngudi dugc hdi cho rang, viec xac dinh thii Han Qudc vao nhiing nam 1970-1980, miic ty uu tien ttong cae dy an xdy dyng ndng ddng gdp ngudn lyc cua ngudi dan d khu vyc ndy nhu vdy la chua cao Bdi le, chi thdn mdi la Ban Chi dao xay dung ndng tinhriengmiic ddng gdp vl tai chinh (chua thdn mdi cua xa va huyen quyet dinh; chi kl ddng gdp vl ngdy cdng, hien dat ) thi 11,3% cho rang ngudi ddn quyet dinh miic tai chinh ma ngudi dan Han Qudc thdng qua hpp dp; 72%> cho biet, miic ddng ddng gdp dl thyc hien cac dy an Lang mdi gdp de thyc hien cac dy an xay dyng ndng ttong nhiing nam 1970-1980 cao hem rdt thdn mdi cdn cd su ddng gdp cua ngudi dan nhilu, binh quan chiem 49%o, nam cao nhdt la chinh quyen quyet dinh; chi cd 28% la 78% (Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1980); cho biet la ngudi dan quyet dinh (ii) phuang thiic huy ddng su ddng gdp cua Thu ba, hieu luc vd hieu qud gidm sdt ngudi dan cung chua that hgp ly van ciia ngudi ddn qud trinh xdy dung cdn 13,3%) sd ngudi dugc hdi cho rang, ndng thdn mdi cdn chua cao Ve gidm sat viec ddng gdp ngudn lyc de thuc hien cac qua thuc Men khieu nai, td cao, khuyen nghi du an xay dung ndng thdn mdi cua hd gia va td gidc, ket qud nghien ciin cho thdy, dinh Id chinh quyen bat budc 25,9% sd ngudi dugc hdi cho biet, bp dd gyi Thic nam, chdt lugng vd hiiu qud tu khuyen nghi, td cao, td giac, khieu nai tdi chinh quyen; 46,7% cho biet, hp khdng quan qudn cita ngudi ddn d dp vd tu qudn xd hgi tam den viec trien khai cdc dy an xdy dyng xdy dung ndng thdn mdi vdn cdn thdp ndng thdn mdi va boat dpng ciia td chiic Viec xay dung huong udc, quy udc la nhdm Dang, chinh quyen Mat ttdn Td qudc, cac phdt huy vai ttd ty quan cua cdng ding dan doan the nhdn dan va Ban Phat ttien dp; chi cu Tuy nhien, d mdt sd noi, chua that sy cd 21,89% cho biet, chinh quyen da phiic dap phdt buy su tham gia ciia ngudi danttong xay thoa dang ddi vdi cdc khuyen nghi, td cao, td dyng quy udc, huong udc Ket qua nghien giac, khieu nai cua hp Gidm sat cua ngudi ciiu cho thdy, cd 34%) sd ngudi dugc hoi cho dan thdng qua boat ddng cua Ban Gidm rdng, hp khdng dugc tham gia vdo qud trinh sat ddu tu ciia cdng ddng va Ban Thanh tta xdy dyng huong udc, quy udc Ytiuictu giac Su tham gia ciia nguoi dan 55 ciia ngudi dan ttong thyc hien ty quan theo sy anh hudng cua ngudi ddn ddi vdi chinh huang udc, quy udc cdn bat cap ed gan sdch thdng qua sy tham gia la khdng cao); 40% sd ngudi dugc hdi nhdn dinh rdng, raiic ma chua phdi la cap dp cao nhdt (su tham dp ty nguyen thyc hien theo huong udc, quy gia cua ngudi dan cd anh hudng thyc chdt udc ciia cac hd gia dinh la chua tdt Tu quan doi vdi qua trinh va kit qua chinh sach) ciia ngudi dan d dp thdng qua viec lap Mot so van de dat ve sy tham gia ciia va boat ddng ciia cac td, dpi, hdi ty qudn van ngirdi dan qua trinh xay dung nong cdn nhieu ban che cd den 46% sd ngudi thdn mdi d dong bang sdng Cuu Long dugc hdi cho biet, hg khdng la vien ciia Qua nghien ciiu ly ludn va thyc tiln, cd bdt cii dpi, nhdm tu qudn ndottongdp the neu len mdt sd vdn de dat vl sy tham Thu sdu viic Idy y kien phdn hdi ciia gia cua ngudi ddn qua trinh xdy dyng ngudi ddn ddi vdi kit qud xdy dung ndng ndng thdn mdi d khu vuc ddng bdng song thdn mdi vd muc hdi long cita ngudi ddnCiiu Long nhu sau: ddi vdi kit qud dgt dugc trongxdy dung ndng Thic nhdt, yeu cdu ddm bdo vai trd chu thdn mdi cdn mang tinh hinh thuc Han chethi ciia ngudi ddn vd phdt huy su tham gia d phuang dien ndy the bien tren mot sd khia cua ngudi ddn chua dugc dam bdo (chua caph sau: (i) chua da dang hda cdc "kenh" that sir coi trgng vai trd chd thi ciia ngudi khac de ngudi dan tham gia danh gia ddn vd su tham gia ciia ngudi ddn) Nghi va phan hdi y kien; (ii) linh tu chii va dpc quyet Hpi nghi Idn thii Bay Ban Chdp hanh lap cua Mat trdn Td qudc viec Idy y Tmng uong khda X ve ndng nghiep, ndng kien ve miic dp hai ldng cua ngudi ddn ddi ddn, ndng thdn dd nhdn manh vai tro chil vdi ket qua xay dung ndng thdn mdi tmdc the cua ndng dan khdng dinh: "Trong cdng nhdn dat chudn ndng thdn mdi cdn mdi quan he mat thiet giiia ndng nghiep, chua cao; (iii) viec lay y kien danh gia cua ndng dan va ndng thdn, ndng ddn la chii ngudi ddn ddi vdi ket qua xay dyng ndng the cua qua trinh phdt ttien" (Ddng Cdng thdn radi va y kien hai long ciia ngudi dan sdn Viet Nam, 2008) Xet tii yeu to nguon chu yeu dugc thyc hien trudc xa lara thii luc, ddng lyc va muc tieu, xdy dyng ndng tyc de dugc cdng nhdn la xa dat chuan nong thon radi d Viet Nam ddi hdi phat huy ddy thdn radi, ma chua dugc tien hanh thudng du vai trd chu the ciia ngudi dan thdng qua xuyen sau da dugc cdng nhan la xa dat sy tham gia ciia ngudi dan Tuy nhien, thuc chudn ndng thdn mdi tiln d khu vyc ddng bang sdng Cuu Long Tdm lai, ben canh nhiing uu diem thi sy cho thay, vai trd chu the ciia ngudi dan tham gia cua ngudi ddn ttong qua trinh xdy qua trinh xdy dyng ndng thdnradivdn chua dung ndng thdn mdi d khu vyc ddng bang dugc phdt huy day dii Vi vdy, lam the ndo sdng Ciiu Long van cdn nhieu han che va de nang cao hieu qua tham gia cua ngudi bdt cap Neu dya tren tieu chi danh gia hieu ddn nhdm phat huy ddy dii han vai trd chu qua sy tham gia ciia ngudi ddn Sherr the cila ngudi ddntrong qua ttinh xdy dyng Amtein (1969) neu len thi hieu qud tham ndng thdn mdi la mdt van de dang dat gia ciia ngudi ddn ttong qua trinh xdy dyng hien ndng thdn mdi mdi dimg lai d cap dp mdt Thir hai, yeu cdu ddm bdo cdc ndi dung (chinh quyen giu vai trd chii dao) hoac d tham gia vd da dgng hda hinh thuc tham gia cap dp hai (ngudi ddn cd su tham gia nhung chua dugc ddm bdo (chua coi trgng cdc ndi 54 ThPng fin Khoa hpc xa hpi s6 9.2019 xay dyng ndng thdn mdi cdn cd sy ddng gdp Nhdn ddn ciing cdn mpt so bdt cap Ket qua ciia ngudi dan; 42,7% cho bilt, dai dien hd khdo sat cho thay, cd 42% sd ngudi dugc hoi gia dinh khdng dugc chinh quyin mdi tham cho rdng, boat ddng ctia Ban Giam sat dau tu dy cae cudc hgp de ldng nghe y kiln ciia hg cua cdng dong va Ban Thanh tra Nhdn dan ttong xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi Phdn bien xd la khdng hieu qua Thu tu, su tham gia ddng gdp ngudn hgi eda ngudi dan, Mat trdn Td quoc vd cdc luc tu nguyin cua ngudi ddn di thuc hien dodn the nhdn ddn qud trinh xdy dung nong thdn mdi cdng cdn nhiiu hgn chi Co cdc du dn xdy dung ndng thdn mdi 44% ngudi dan dugc hdi cho biet, hp khdng chua cao Cu thi la: (i) miic tham gia ddng cd CO hdi dl phdn bien ddi vdi de xudt dy an gdp nhin chung cdn chua cao Trong giai xay dyng ndng thdn mdi ciia chinh quyen doan 2011-2015, vdn huy ddng ngudi Viic bdo ddm de ngudi ddn thuc hiin quyendan ddng gdp chilm 14,82%o tdng ngudn quyit dinh ddi vai cdc vdn de quan trgng vdn dau tu cho xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi liin quan din xdy dung ndng thdn mdi dgt tyNIU so vdi miic ddng gdp ty nguyen cua le thdp Theo ket qud nghien ciiu, cd 65% sd ngudi dan ttong Phong ttao Lang mdi d ngudi dugc hdi cho rang, viec xac dinh thii Han Qudc vao nh&ig nam 1970-1980, miic tu uu tien ttong cdc dy an xdy dyng ndng ddng gdp ngudn luc eda ngudi dan d khu vyc ndy nhu vdy la chua cao Bdi le, chi thdn mdi la Ban Chi dao xay dung ndng tinhriengmiic ddng gdp ve tai chinh (chua thdn mdi cua xa va huyen quyet dinh; chi kl ddng gdp ve ngdy cdng, hien dat ) tlu 11,3% eho rdng ngudi ddn quyet dinh miic tai chinh ma ngudi ddn Han Qudc thdng qua hgp dp; 72% cho biet, miic ddng ddng gdp de thuc hien cac du an Lang mdi gdp de thuc hien cdc dy an xdy dyng ndng ttong nhung nam 1970-1980 cao hon rdt thdn mdi can cd sy ddng gdp cua ngudi ddn nhieu, binh quan chiem 49%), ndm cao nhat la chinh quyen quyet dinh; chi cd 28% la 78% (Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1980); cho biet la ngudi dan quyet dinh (ii) phucmg thiic huy dpng su ddng gdp eda Thu ba, hieu luc vd hiiu qud gidm sdt ngudi dan ciing chua that hgp ly van cua ngudi ddn qud trinh xdy dung cdn 13,3% sd ngudi dugc hdi eho rang, ndng thdn mdi cdn chua cao Ve gidm sat viec ddng gdp ngudn lye de thyc hi6n cac qua thyc hien khieu nai, td cdo, khuyen nghi dy an xay dyng ndng thdn mdi ciia hd gia va td gidc, ket qua nghien ciiu cho thdy, dinh la chinh quyen bdt budc 25,9% sd ngudi dugc hdi cho biet, bg da giii Thic ndm, chdt lugng vd hieu qud tu khuyen nghi, td cao, td giac, khieu nai tdi chinh quyen; 46,7%) cho biet, hp khdng quan qudn ciia ngudi ddn a dp vd tie qudn xd hgi tdm den viec trien khai cdc du dn xdy dung trongxdy dung ndng thdn mdi vdn cdn thdp nong thdn mdi va hoat dpng cua td chiic Viee xay dyng huang udc, quy udc Id nhdm Dang, chinh quyen Mat tran Td qudc, cac phdt huy vai ttd tu quan ciia cdng dong ddn dodn the nhdn ddn vd Ban Phat ttien dp; chi cu Tuy nhien, d rapt sd noi, chua that sy cd 21,89% cho biet, chinh quyen da phiic dap phat huy sy tham gia cua ngudi ddnttong xdy thoa ddng ddi vdi cac khuyen nghi, td cao, td dung quy udc, huong udc Ket qua nghien giac, khieu nai cua hp Gidm sat ciia ngudi ciiu cho thdy, ed 34%) sd ngudi dugc hoi cho dan thong qua boat dpng cua Ban Gidm rdng, hp khdng dugc tham gia vao quS trinh sat ddu tu cua cdng ddng va Ban Thanh tra xay dyng huor^ udc, quy udc Y thiic tu giac Sy thzun gia ciia ngudi ddn ciia ngudi dan ttong thuc hien ty qudn tiieo hucmg udc, q i ^ udc cdn bat cap cd gdn 40% sd ngudi dugc hdi nhan dinh rang, miic dp ty nguyen tiiuc hi|n tiieo huong udc, quy udc ctia cac hd gia dmh la chua tdt Tu quan cua ngudi ddn d dp thdng qua viec lap va boat ddng cua cdc td, ddi, hgi ty quan vdn cdn nhieu ban che cd den 46% sd ngudi dugc hdi cho bilt, hp khdng la tiidnh vien cua bdt cii ddi, nhdm ty qudn nao ttong dp Thu sdu, viec lay y kiin phdn hdi cua ngudi ddn ddi vdi kit qud xdy dung ndng thdn mdi vd muc hdi long cua ngudi ddn ddi vdi kit qud dgt dugc trongxdy dung ndng thdn mdi eon mang tinh hinh thuc Han che d phuang dien the hien tten mdt sd khia caph sau: (i) chua da dang hda cdc "kenh" khac de ngudi ddn tham gia danh gid va phan bdi y kien; (ii) tinh ty chii va dpc lap ciia Mat ttdn To qudc ttong viec lay y kien ve miic hai ldng cua ngudi ddn ddi vdi ket qud xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi tmdc cdng nhan dat chudn ndng thdn mdi cdn chua cao; (iii) viec Idy y kien ddnh gia eda ngudi ddn ddi vdi ket qud xay dyng ndng thdn mdi vd y kien hai long ciia ngudi dan chii yeu dugc thuc hien ttudc xa lam thu tyc de dugc cdng nhan la xa dat chudn ndng tiion mdi, raa chua duoc tien hdnh thudng xuyen sau da dugc cdng nhan la xa dat chuan ndng thdn mdi Tdm lai, ben canh nhung uu diem thi sy tham gia cua ngudi ddn qua trinh xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi d khu vyc ddng bang sdng Ciiu Long van cdn nhieu ban ehe va bdt cap Neu dya tren tieu chi danh gia hieu qud sy tham gia eda ngudi dan Sherr Amtein (1969) neu len thi hieu qua tham gia ciia ngudi ddn qua ttinh xay dyng ndng thdn mdi mdi dimg lai d cap dp mot (chinh quyen giii vai ttd chu dao) hoac d cap hai (ngudi ddn cd sy tham gia nhung 55 su anh hudng cila ngudi ddn ddi vdi chinh sdch thdng qua sy tham gia la khdng cao); ma chua phai la cdp cao nhdt (su tham gia cua ngudi dan cd anh hudng thyc chdt ddi vdi qua trinh va ket qua chinh sach) Mot so van de dat ve sy tham gia cua ngiroi dan qua trinh xay dung nong thon mdi a dong bang song Cihi Long Qua nghien ciiu ly ludn va thyc tien, cd the neu len mdt sd vdn de ddt v6 sy thara gia cua ngudi ddn qua trinh xay dung ndng thdn radi d khu vyc ddng bang sdng Cuu Long nhu sau: Thu nhdt, yiu cdu dam bdo vai trd chu the cua ngudi ddn vd phdt huy su tham gia eda ngudi ddn chua dugc ddm bdo (chua that su coi trgng vai trd chit thi ciia ngudi ddn vd su tham gia ciia ngudi ddn) Nghi quyet Hdi nghi ldn thii Bdy Ban Chdp hdnh Tmng uong khoa X ve ndng nghiep, nong ddn, ndng thdn da nhdn raanh vai trd chii the ciia ndng ddn khdng djnh: "Trong mdi quan he mat thiet giiia ndng nghiep, ndng dan vd ndng thdn, ndng dan la chii thi cila qua ttirtii phat ttien" (Dang Cong sdn Viet Nam, 2008) Xet tii yeu td ngudn lyc, dpng lyc vd myc tieu, xdy dung nong thdn mdi d Viet Nam ddi hdi phat huy day dii vai tro chd till ciia ngudi ddn thdng qua sy tham gia cua ngudi ddn Tuy nhien, thyc tiln d khu vyc ddng bang sdng Cuu Long cho thdy, vai ttd chu the ciia ngudi ddn ttong qua ttinh xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi van chua dugc phat huy ddy dii Vi vay, ldm thi nao d l nang cao hieu qud tham gia cua ngudi ddn nhdm phat huy day du hem vai trd chii thi cila ngudi ddntrong qua trinh xdy dyng ndng thdn radi la mot van de dang dat hien Thd hai, yiu cdu ddm bdo cdc ngi dung tham gia vd da dgng hda hinh thdc tham gia chua dugc ddm bdo (chua coi trgng cdc ngi 56 dung tham gia vd hinh thdc tham gia chua da dgng) Tir gdc dp chinh sach cdng cd the thay ngudi dan cd the tham gia vao qua trinh xdy dung ndng thdn mdi tten nhieu ndi dung khac vd thdng qua nhieu hinh thiic khac Nhung thyc tien d khu vyc ddng bang sdng Cuu Long eho thay, chinh quyen cdc cap chua coi ttpng sy tham gia cua ngudi dantten tdt cd cac npi dung, hmh thiic tham gia cua ngudi ddn ciing chua da dang, cac co che de thyc hien sy tucmg tdc giiia chinh quyen va ngudi dan van chua dugc xac lap mdt cdch cy the va da dang Do dd, lam the nao de thdng qua cac hinh thiic da dang nhdm tang cudng sy tham gia cua ngudi ddncung la mdt vdn de ddt hien Thic ba, yeu cdu cdn cd co quan hdnh chinh "md" cUng nhu trdch nhiim, kynang cua cdn bg, cdng chicc viec thue ddy su tham gia cua ngudi ddn chua dugc ddm bdo (cdn khep kin hogt dgng cua mgt sd ca quan hdnh chinh vd viec chua thuc hiin ddy du trdch nhiim cua dgi ngii cdn bg, cdng chuc) Tinh "md" ttong boat ddng cua ca quan hanh chinh ciing nhu viec thyc hien ddy du ttach nhiem cdng vy eda dpi ngii cdn bp, cdng chiic la nhiing dieu kien cdn thiet de thiic day su tham gia ciia ngudi ddn ttong qua ttinh xay dyng ndng thdn mdi Tuy nhien, thuc te cho thay, mdt sd co quan hanh chinh van chua that su "md", chua that su Idy ngudi ddn lam tnmg tam, chua coi trpng thyc bien ddy du quyen tham gia ciia ngudi ddn; chua coi ttpng cdng khai, minh bach thdng tin; chua biet chia se quyen lyc cho xa hdi va ngudi ddn; cdn nhdn raanh vai ttd ddc tdn cua chinh quyen ttong qud trinh xay dyng ndng thdn mdi Vi vdy, lam the nao de thiet lap md hinh hanh chinh nha nude "md" nhdm thiic ddy sy tham gia cd hieu qua cua ngudi ddn ciing la mot van de dat hien Thfing tin Khoa hpc xa hpi sd 9.2019 Thu tu, yeu cdu ddm bdo the chi ve su tham gia eda ngudi ddn chua dugc dam bdo (thuc ti cdn mgt sd bdt cap vi the che ddn chu vd su tham gia) Trong thdi gian qua, mot no lyc va tyu quan ttgng a nude ta dd la, thi chl ddn chii khdng ngung dugc hoan thien Tuy nhien, tii thyc te ciing dl nhan thdy sy bdt cap v l thi che ddn chii tmdc yeu cdu thiic ddy va nang cao hieu qua su tham gia cua ngudi ddn qua ttinh xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi hien Sy bdt cap thi hien d nhilu mat, chu ylu la: (i) ddm bdo sy thara gia cua ngudi ddnchua dugc xera la mdt ttong cac tieu chi quan ttgng d l danh gid xa dat chudn ndng thdn mdi; (ii) t h i chl danh gia ket qud xdy dung ndng thdn mdi ciing chua cd tieu chi danh gid ve miic cdng khai thong tin ciing nhu mdc dp dam bao sy tham gia ciia ngudi ddn d co sd ndi chung, ttong xay dung ndng thdn mdi ndi rieng; (iii) chua cd quy dinh cu the ve bao dam su tham gia cua ngudi ddn ttong qud ttinh xay dyng ndng thdn mdi; (iv) mot sd npi dung va cac hinh thiic tham gia cua ngudi dan dugc neu ttong Phap lenh thyc hien dan chu d xa, phudng, thi trdn da khdng cdn phu hgp tmdc su thay ddi cua thyc tien va tmdc yeu cau tang cudng sy tham gia ciia ngudi ddn; (v) lang, thdn, dp cd vai ttd quan ttgng de ngudi dan thyc hien quyen "bau cii ddn chu", "quylt sdch dan chu", "quan ly ddn chil" va "giam sat ddn chu" Nhung dang tile la cac quy dinh phdp luat v l phuong dien cdn chua ddy dii Thu ndm, yiu cdu ve "tu cdch vd tinh thdn cdng ddn" chua dugc ddm bdo (thuc ti cdn mdt sd bdt cap ve y thicc vd ndng luc thuc hdnh ddn cha cua ngudi ddn) Gabriel A Almond (1987) cho rang, dl dap ung yeu cdu tham gia vdo qudn ly nhd nude, van hda chinh tti ma ngudi dan cdn la Sy tham gia ciia ngudi dan "van hda chinh tti ciia ngudi tham gia" ma bang sdng Ciiu Long cdn rat thdp Dilm dat khdng phai la "van hda chinh tti dan ldng" dugc cua khu vue dao dgng tir 2,1 din Nhin tdng the, hien nay, van hda chinh tti 3,08 (Bao cao Hieu qua quan ttj vd hanh cua ngudi dan d khu vyc ndng thdn ddng chinh cdng cdp tinh d Viet Nara, 2018) bang sdng Cihi Long co ban van la "van khu vyc ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long hdu hda chinh tri ddn ldng", ma chua phai la het cac huyen deu cd cdng thdng tin dien "van hda chinh tri cua ngudi tham gia" tu nhung cac dia phuong chua coi day la Dieu the hien d rapt sd phuong dien kenh hieu qua de tucmg tac vdi ngudi ddn chu yeu: (i) mdt bp phan ngudi ddn van va tdng cudng sy tham gia cua ngudi ddn chua biet dugc day du cdc quyen ma minh Hdu het cac xa d khu vyc ddng bdng sdng dugc hudng; (ii) mdt bd phan ngudi ddn Cim Long deu chua cd cong thdng tin dien chua tich cyc va ty gidc tham gia vao cdng tii Chinh dieu da dnh hudng khdng viec chung ciia cdng ddng ciing nhu ttong tdt den viec dam bao quyen tiep can thong qua trinh xay dyng ndng thdn radi; (iii) tin cung nhu tang cudng sy tuong tac giiia nhieu nguyen nhdn nen rapt bd phdn dan ngudi ddn va chinh quyen qua trinh cu chua coi ttpng lgi ich chung cua cdng xdy dung ndng thdn mdi ddng, chua cd tinh thdn diing cam de ddu Thu bdy yeu cdu phdt trien cdc td chuc tranh vdi cac hanh vi, viec lam chua diing xd hgi vd ndng cao tinh tu chu cua Mat trgn cua chinh quyen ciing nhu can bp, cdng Td qudc, cdc dodn thi nhdn ddn hien cd chiic Do dd, lam the nao dl hinh chua dugc ddm bdo (thuc trgng td chuc xd "vdn hda chinh tri cua ngudi tham gia" d hgi chua phdt trien tinh tu chu ciia Mat trdn cu dan ndng thdn, qua dd thiic day sy tham Td quoc vd edc dodn the nhdn ddn cdn chua gia ciia ngudi dan ttong qua trinh xdy dung cao) Sy phat trien va tinh ty chu cua cac td ndng thdn mdi la mdt vdn de ddt tiep chiic xa hpi la mdtttongnhung dieu kien de theo cdn giai quyet hien ndng cao hieu qud tham gia cua ngudi ddn Thd sdu, yeu cdu ndng cao hieu qud ttong qua trinh xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi qudn tri diin tu chua dugc dam bdo (thuc Tuy nhien, mot van de dat hien d khu ti cdn nhiiu bdt cap ve qudn tri diin tic d vyc ndng thdn ddng bang sdng Cim Long, vung ndng thdn ddng bang sdng Cuu Long) la: cac td chiic xa hdi mang tinh tu nguyen, Viec phat ttien cdng nghe thdng tin va iing cdng ich vd phuc vu cdng chua dugc phat dung cong nghe thdng tin ttong boat dpng trien tuong xiing d khu vyc ndng thdn, nhdt cua chinh quyen (gpi tat la quan tri dien tii) la d xa Cu dan ndng thdn hien cd nhieu cd tac dung tang cudng su thara gia cila to chiic dai dien cho rainh nhu Mat ttan Td ngudi dan Tuy nhien, vdn de dat hien qudc, Dodn Thanh nien, Hpi Phy nii, Hpi d khu vuc ndng thdn ddng bang sdng Cyu chien binh , nhung tinh ty chii ciia cdc Cihi Long la: su lac hdu ve cdng nghe td chiic cdn chua cao Do do, lam the thong tin va hieu qua thdp viec ling nao de phat trien manh me cac td chiic xa dyng cdng nghe thdng tin ttong boat ddng hdi mang tinh cdng ich, phuc vu cong d co cua chinh quyen dia phuong Theo Bao cao sd vimg ndng thdn, ndng cao tinh ty chu ciia Hieu qud quan tti va hanh chinh edng cdp Mat tran Td qudc va cac doan the nhdn ddn tinh d Viet Nam (PAPI) nam 2018, diem d CO sd vung ndng tiidn cimg Id mot van de ve chi sd quan tti dien tu d khu vyc ddng ddt hien 58 Thong tin Khoa hpc xa hpi so 9.2019 Ket lu^n Sy tham gia ciia ngudi ddn ttong qua tiinh xay dyng ndng thdn mdi d khu vyc ddng bang sdng Cuu Long cd nhilu uu dilra, nhien ben canh dd cung cdn khdng it ban che va bdt cap Tii thyc tien khu vyc ddng bang sdng Curu Long cd the thdy, cd bay van de dat cdn gidi quyet nhara nang cao hieu qud tham gia cila ngudi dan, qua dd dam bao tdt hon vai ttd chii the ciia ngudi dan ttong qua trinh xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi a Tai lieu tham khao Bdo cdo Hiiu qud qudn tri vd hdnh chinh cdng cdp tinh ndm 2018, http:// papi.org.vn/bao-cao-va-du-lieu-papi Nguyen Trpng Binh (chii nhiem, 2019), Ndng cao hiiu qud tham gia ciia ngudi ddn qud trinh xdy dung ndng thdn (tiep theo trang 15) - Tdi lieu tieng Nhdt 31 Fumta Motoo CS'EaTt^) (2000), ''B^ ir W -5 -v' h t um%" 7KM>/L/^*x > i^m%^m'^'X. ^M: King, eds The Historical Construction of Southeast Asian Studies: Korea and Beyond, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies 36 Shimao Mmom & Sakurai Yumio (1999), "Vietnaraese Studies in Japan, 1975-96", t«:# Acta Asiatica: Bulletin ofthe Institute of Eastern Culture (The Toho Gakkai), 76 32 Krni Young-gun ( ^ ^ H ) (1943), < e p ^ ^Mt:^:^t mdi a khu vuc ddng bdng sdng Ctcu Long Bao cdo tdng hgp kit qua nghien ciiu de tai khoa hgc cdp bd nam 20182019, Hpc vien Chmh tii khu vyc IV Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2008), Vdn kiin Hdi nghi trung uong a « Chdp hdnh Trung uong khda X, 5/8/2008, Ha Npi Gabriel A Ahnond (1987), Chinh tri hgc so sdnh - he thdng qud trinh vd chinh sdch, Nxb Dich vdn Thugng Hai, Tmng Qudc Ministry of Internal Affairs (1980), "10 years History of Saemul Undong" (Data Volume) Sherry R Amtein (1969), "A Ladder of Citizen Participation", Journal of the American Institure of Planners, Vol 35, No 0)m%> m ^ : ^ U J M - Tai lieu tieng Anh 33 Bui Anh Tuan (1995), "Restiiacturing of Textile Industry in Vietnam", Master's Thesis, Graduate School of Intemational Studies, Yonsei University 34 Lee Eun-ho (1972), "The Role of tiie Military in Nation-building: South Vietnam and Korea", PhD Dissertation, Southem Illinois University-Carbondale 35 Park Seung-woo (2013), "Tbe Historical Constmction of Southeast Asian Studies in Korea", Park Seung Woo and Victor T 37 Tran Van Hoe (1995), "Intemational Trade Relationship between "Vietnam and Korea: Issues and Prospect", Master's Thesis, Graduate School of Intemational Studies, Yonsei University 38 Yu Insun (1978), "Law and Family in Seventeentii and Eighteenth Century Vietnam", PhD Dissertation, University of Michigan - Website 39 http://www.kri.go.kr (Korea Researcher Information website) 40 htip://www.riss.kr (Research Information Sharing Service website) ... cho rang, dl dap ung yeu cdu tham gia vdo qudn ly nhd nude, van hda chinh tti ma ngudi dan cdn la Sy tham gia ciia ngudi dan "van hda chinh tti ciia ngudi tham gia" ma bang sdng Ciiu Long cdn rat... hda hinh thdc tham gia chua dugc ddm bdo (chua coi trgng cdc ngi 56 dung tham gia vd hinh thdc tham gia chua da dgng) Tir gdc dp chinh sach cdng cd the thay ngudi dan cd the tham gia vao qua trinh... mdi; ttong sd dd, 23,3% thara gia hien ddt; 36% tham gia ddng gdp cdng; 19,3% ddng gdp tai chinh (tien mat) va ban 20% tham gia ddng gdp hien vat Ndm Id vi hogt ddng kiim tra, gidm sdt eiia ngudi