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Khong gian xa hoi cua tre em nong thon boi canh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa Nguyen Dire Chien*'* Nguyen Thj Thu Hirdngt"* Tdm tat: Trong nhiing thdp ky viia qua, Viet Nam dd cd nhiiu nd luc tgo mdi trudng tdt nhdt nhdm phdt triin todn diin vi thi chdt, tinh thdn vd tri tue cho tre em ndi chung vd tre em ndng thdn ndi rieng Tuy nhien, nhiiu lich chudn xd hdi xdy vdi tre em ndng thdn gdn ddy cho thdy khdng gian xd hgi vdn chua ddm bdo an todn, dnh hudng din suphdt triin todn dien cua tre em Thuc ti ndy gdy quan nggi ddi vdi gia dinh, cdng ddng vd chinh quyen edc cdp Dua vdo cdc tdi lieu thic cdp gdn day, bdi viit phdn tich mdt sd khia cgnh lien quan din gid tri, chudn muc tuong tdc khdng gian gia dlnh nhd trudng, cdng ddng nai cdc em dang sdng vd hgc tap, tii ggi md hudng hodn thien chinh sdch tgo dung khdng gian xd hdi an todn, ldnh mgnh cho tre em ndng thdn bdi cdnh hiin Tit khoa: Khdng gian xa hpi, Tre em ndng tiidn, Cdng nghiep hda, Hien dai hda Abstract: Over the past decades, Vietnam has made great efforts to create the best environment for comprehensive development of physics, mind and intelligence for children in general and rural children in particular However, various social disparities found in rural areas recently have shown the fact that social space remains unsafe, negatively affecting the comprehensive development of children This has raised deep concerns among families, communities and governments at various levels Based on recent secondary documents, the article analyzes some aspects related to values, standards of interaction in the home, school, and community space where children live and study, thereby providing a suggestion to complete the policy in order to create a safe and healthy social space for rural children in the current context Keywords: Social space Rural Children, Industrialization, Modernization D ^ t v a n d e Viet Nam la qudc gia ^ u tien d chau A va la nude thii hai tren thi gidi phe chudn Cdng udc ciia Lien Hpp Qudc vl Quyen tte em, nam 1990 (Xem: https://www unicef.org/vietnam) Hien thyc hda Cdng udc quoc t l ve Quyen tre em, nhung nam qua Dang vd Nha nude Viet Nam ludn '•' PGS.TS., Vien Xa hoi hpc, Vien Han lam Khoa , , , + • 1,= tukr,^ hpcxahpiYietNam;Email:xhhchien@yahoocom ^ ^ t^"^' ^^^^ ^^^ng kien toan he thong '"> ThS Vien X3 h6i hpc Vifin Him ISm Khoa hpc P^ap luat, chinh sach ve bdo ve, chain soc xahOiYiftNam vd gido dye tre em Trong dd, mot sd van 38 ban chu truong, chinh sach quan ttgng da dugc ban hanh nhu: Chi tiii sd 20-CT/TW 05/11/2012 cua Bd Chinh tti vl "Tdng cudng cdng tac cham sdc, gido due va bdo ve tte em ttong tinh hinh mdi"; Khoan Dieu 37 Hiln phdp nam 2013 quy dinh "Tre em dugc Nha nude, gia dinh vd xd bdi bao ve, cham sdc va giao due; dugc tham gia vao cdc van de ve tte em Nghiem cdm xdm hai, hanh ha, ngugc ddi, bd mac, lam dung, bdc lot siic Iao dpng vd nhftng hanh vi khac vi pham quyen tre em"; Ludt Tre em nam 2016 da the hien rd quyet tam ciia Viet Nam ttong giai quyet van de va dugc cu thi hda ttong Dilu 25, 26, 27, 28 Cd till noi, nhftng thdp ky qua, Viet Nam dd cd nhieu no lyc tao dyng mdi trudng chara sdc va giao due, bao dam khdng gian tot nhdt cho tte em d trudng hgc, gia dinh vd cpng ddng nhdm phdt trien toan dien cho tte ttong bdi cdnh cdng nghiep boa, hien dai hda Khdng gian xd hdi - noi tte em ndng thdn sinh sdng dang dien nhu the nao? Npi dung bai viet gdp phdn lam rd van de qua mdt sd khia canh lien quan den khdng gian xd hdi ciia tte em d ndng thon' Khong gian xa hoi cho tre em gia dinh ndng thdn Moi trudng gia dinh la khdng gian xa hdi dau tien ddi vdi moi ngudi, khdng chi chdm sdc the chdt ma cdn truyen dat cac gia tri, chudn muc giiip tre binh nhdn each, cu xii dung myc vdi vien gia dinh va nhung ngudi xung quanh Viec xay dung khdng gian xa hdi hai hda va an binh d gia dinh se tao ca hpi cho tte em ' Khong gian x3 hpi ciia tre em nong thon gom m6i quan he tuong tac giiia cac chii the gia dinh, cac gia tri, chuan muc va thiet che xa hpi van hanh thong qUa quan he tuong tac cua tre moi truong song, hpc tap hang Thdng tin Khoa hpc xa hpi so 9.2019 phat tiiln ca vl the chdt vatinhtiidnttttdc tham gia vao cac khdng gian xa hdi tiep theo la nha trudng, cdng ding xa hpi- Tuy nhien, qua trinh cdng nghiep hda, bien dpi hda va hdi nhdp qudc te da dnh hudng den hinh thiic ttrong tdc, gid tti, chuan muc yd thilt chl van hanh ttong gia dinh ndng thdn Viet Nara (Vu Tudn Huy, 2006) Hien nay, cdc mdi quan be tuong tac cita tte em nhilu gia dinh d ndng thdn dang gap khong it khd khdn da sd cha rae ban muu sinh hdng ngdy, nhieu cha me di cu din cac khu dd tbi, khu cdng nghiep, thdm chi nude ngoai de lam viec, hoac co nhiing cha me ly hdn/ly than nen tre thieu vdng su tucmg tac giua cha hoac me, thdm chi cd cha vd rae Ket qua nghien ciiu cua Nghiem Thi Thuy (2015) chotiidy,viec cha me di Iao ddng d nude ngodi cd anh hudng den sy phdt trien the chat, tinh than va hpc tap cua tre em Theo Vii Manh Lgi va cpng su (2018), tinh trang ly hdn cua cha me de lai nhieu he qua ddi vdi ddi sdng tinh thdn va hpc tap cua cai Cd the ndi, nhiing thay ddi lien quan den cdng viec vd hdn nhan cua cha me da chi phdi cupc song cua tte em, ddc biet la viec cham sdc the chdt vd huyen thu nhiing gia tti, chudn myc gia dinh cho tre em Theo cac nghien ciiu nay, nhieu tre sdng vdi dng/bd, anh chi em dang gap khd khan tucmg tac hang ngdy thieu vang sy tuong tac va kiem sodt true tiep tu phia cha rae Ben canh dd, cdc gid tti, chudn myc truyin thdng gia dinh nong thdn cung dang cd nhilu thay ddi ttong bdi cdnh hien Mot so kit qua nghien cuu gdn ddy cho thay, nhilu gia dinh ndng thdn su dung ti vi kit ndi Intemet bode cha me, anh chi gia dinh su dung dien thoai thong minh vd tinh de tre tiep can mot sd chuong trinh/ ttang wed khdng phu hgp vdi liia tuli ciia luiong gian xa lipi tte (Nguyen Diic Chien, 2012) Mat khac, cha me thilu kiln thiic giao due vdn hda, ky nang sdng va gidi tinh ciing khien tte bo ngo vdi he gia tri, chudn myc mdi ttong cu6c sdng Nghien ciiu ciia Dd Thi Binh va cdng sy (2002), Nguyin Thi Minh Phuong (2013) phan tich mdi quan he tuong tac gifta cha me va cai ciing chi rdng, nhieu bac cha me khdng du kien thiic de day cai Gido due ky nang sdng va gidi tinh cho cai eiing la mdt vdn de kha mdi nen nhieu gia dinh cdn Iiing tiing Cd the ndi, ben canh nhiing tien ich ma cdng nghe thdng tin, mang Intemet dem lai cho cdc gia dinh ndng thdn thi cilng tiem dn khdng it vdn de tieu eye nhu tte em cd thi truy cap vao cdc kenh thdng tmttenIntemet chiia npi dung ddc hai anh hudng den nhan each va ldi sdng ciia cdc em Trong dd, nhieu cha me ban muu sinh, thilu kiln thiic giao due va thdi gian quan tdm den cai ciing nhu khdng kiem soat dugc hanh vi ciia tte da tao co hgi cho nhieu vdn de tieu cyc, khdng ldnh raanh thdm thdu dan vao ldi song cua tre Tinh trang bao lyc gia dinh van cdn tdn tai d ndng thdn (chu yeu ttong nhdm gia dinh kinh te khd khan) cd anh hudng tieu cyc den tinh thdn cua tre em Nghien ciiu cua UNICEF (2017) cho thay so lugng Idn tte em - ke ca tre chi mdi 12 thdng tudi - dang bi bao lyc, thudng la bdi chinh nhung ngudi dugc giao phd cham sdc cac em Tinh trang cha me vd ngudi Idn tiling hinh thiic trimg phat than the ddi vdi tte "van dien vi hg cho rdng nhu vdy tre se tdn ttpng Va vang ldi ban; cung vdi thdi quen, quan niem truyen thdng nhu "thuong cho roi cho vgt" khien cho nhieu bdc cha me coi chuyen danh cai Id binh thudng va cho rang la quyen ciia hp Mot sd nghien ciiu chi ra, gan 70% tre em thiia nhan bj bd 39 me danh dap dudi nhilu hinh thiic Nhilu vu tte em hi danh dap da man dugc phanh phui, ttong dd cd khdng it trudng hop cha me thuc hien hanh vi bao lyc (Theo: Bao An, 2018) Cd the ndi, van nan bao lyc gia dinh cung dang anh hudng din suy nghT va tinh thdn cua tte em Hon nfta, tinh ttang cha me chua quan tdm, ngugc ddi cai It chia se, gdn giii, thieu gidm sat cai ciing la nguyen nhdn khien tre de trd nan nhdn bi lam dung, bdc lot, bao lyc, dl a dua theo nhung ldi sdng lech chuan, tham chi pham phap Nhu vdy, khdng gian gia dinh cua tte dang chiu tac ddng tu nhieu yeu td tiem dn tieu eye, anh hudng den sy phat trien the chat, tinh than ciia tte Day cung la mot ttong nhftng nguyen nhan cua sy gia tang lech chudn, vi pham phap ludt ciia tre, do ddi hdi moi gia dinh ndng thdn cdn quan tam, chudn hi tdt tri thiic, sap xep thdi gian va each thiie phii hgp ttong chdm sdc va giao due tre em Khdng gian xa hpi cho tre em cpng dong ndng thon Cdng ddng la khdng gian xa hdi thii hai anh hudng den su phdt trien the chat va tinh than cua tte era ndng thdn Cac tuong tdc vdi cde chil the ddng hp, hdng xdm lang giSng, td chiic doan the xa hpi, ddc biet la dodn nien co sd giiip tte em hinh suy nghT, ling xu 4ung muc vdi vien cdng ddng Viec tao dyng khdng gian cdng ddng an toan, ldnh manh se tao CO hdi cho tte phdt ttien the chdt, tinh than tham gia vao khdng gian trudng hgc va mdi tmdng xa hpi- Tuy nhien, mat ttai cua sy phat trien kinh te - xa hpi nhftng nam qua anh hudng khdng nhd den khdng gian tucmg tac, gia tri, chudn myc cua tte em cdng ddng, nhat la cac cpng ddng ndng thdn gdn khu dd thi, khu cdng nghiep Thdng tin Khoa hpc xa hpi s6 9-2019 Nghien ciiu cua Ha Viet Himg (2010), Nguyen Diic Chien (2018b) chi qua trinh dd thi hda, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dd dan den khdng gian vui choi, ttd choi tmyen thdng cua tte ttong cdng ddng gdn nhu bien mdt Cae td chire chinh tri nhu doan nien chua phat huy tdt vai ttd tao cdc boat ddng vui choi giai tti tmyen thing nhdm tiniyln dat nhiing gia tti, chudn muc tot dep cua cpng ddng cho thi he tte Theo Do Thi Ngpc Phuang (2015), Nguyin Dire Chien (2018a), doan nien gap khd khan ttong viec tap hgp nien, thu hiit thieu nien tham gia boat dpng d cdng ddng Nguyin Diic Chien (2018b) ciing chi ra, nhiing cdng ddng nao cd tinh cd ket, td chiic chinh t r i - x a hdi hoat ddng manh thi d dd sai lech xa hdi ciia tte em thdp ban so vdi cpng ddng cd tinh cd ket xd hpi yeu Tinh ttang thu hep dan dien tich dat cua khdng gian cdng cdng, bode tu nhdn hoa khdng gian, dich vy giai tti cung nhu su suy gidm vai ttd cua cac td chire dodn the, thiet che xa hdi d cdng ddng da dan den viec tte thieu khdng gian vui choi giai tti, khdng gian tuong tac va anh hudng den sy phat ttien the chat, tdm sinh ly ciia tre CJ nhieu dia phuong, tte thudng chpn cac ngd hep ttong xdm de vui choi, da bdng, ddnh cau hay den quan Intemet choi game ranh rSi, v.v Trong do, nhieu gia tri, chudn myc mdi cimg tiem dn nhftng yeu td tieu cue, thieu lanh manh va cdc te nan xd hdi dang ngdy rapt gia tdng, cimg vdi viec van hanh cac thiet che xa hdi chua diing mong dpi ciia cdng ddng da dnh hudng tryc tiep den cupc sdng ciia tte Theo sd lieu cua Bd Cdng an, ttong ndra (2011-2015), cd nude phdt hien tten 8.200 vu xdm hai tre em vdi gdn 10.000 nan nhdn, tang 258 nan nhdn so vdi nam tniac dd So vu bi xdm hai tinh dye chilm tdi 5.300 vu va gia tdng xdm hai tmh dye nam Tmdc day, tt^ hi xdm h^i tiiudng d dp ttioi 13-18, thi xudt hi?n nhilu vu viec nan nhan d liia tudi 5-13 tuoi Trong tiiyc tl, nhilu vu, tiiu pham lai chinh Id ngudi cd chiic cd quyen, hg hdng, nguoi tiidn ttong gia dinh hoac quen biet vdi cac em Nhilu be gai bi xdm hai noi cdng cgng nhu cdng vien, ngo vdng Nhung hanh vi bao lyc, xdm hai tte em chl cham ngudng hinh su mdi bi phat hien, xu ly cho nen sd ndi tren chi la phdn ndi ciia tang bdng chim (Xem: Minh Nggc, 2017) Nhu vdy, khdng gian tucmg tac cdng dong dang chiu nhilu anh hudng ciia bdi canh hien nay, tilm dn nhieu tieu eye ddi vdi su phat ttiin the chdt, tmh than ciia tte, ddi hoi moi cdng ddng phdi cd each thiic phil hgp chdm sdc, giao due tte Khong gian xa hgi cho tre em trudng hoc ndng thon Nha trudng ddng vai ttd het siic quan ttpng ttong viec tmyen dat cac tri thiic khoa hpc, gid tri, chuan myc xa hgi cho tte em ndng thdn Nhiing nam gdn ddy, cdng tac ddm bdo an toan hpc dudng cdng dugc quan tam, co sd phap ly cang dugc hoan thien Ndm 2017, Chinh phu ban hanh Nghi dinh sd 80/20I7/ND-CP ngdy 17/7/2017 quy dinh ve mdi tmdng giao dye an toan, lanh manh, than thien, phdng, chdng bao lyc hpc dudng; Bd Giao due va Dao tao cung ban hdnh Quyet dinh sd 5886/ QD-BGDDT ngdy 28/12/2017 v l Chuang ttinh hdnh dpng phdng, chdng bao lyc hpc dudng ttong cac co sd gido due mam non, gido due phd thdng, gido due thudng xuyen giai doan 2017-2021 va mdt sd van ban quy dinh vl phdng, chdng bao lyc hpc dudng Viec tao dyng mdt khdng gian nha tmdng tdt se giiip tte em phdt ttiin toan dien thi chdt va tinh thdn Sy tuong tdc vdi cdc chii tbi nhd trudng, giua thdy cd „ » S — I A « IIV» giao va hgc sinh giiip cac em tiep thu chudn myc, gia tti, tri thiic khoa hgc va hinh nhan each diing vdi mong dgi ciia xa hpi Tuy nhien, sy thilu thdn co sd vdt chdt, vdn nan bao hanh hpc dudng hi6n dang anh hudng khdng nhd din nhdn each tte em ndng thdn Nguyen Diic Chien (2018b) chi tinh ttang thilu thdn ttang thiet bi hpc tap, thyc hanh, sdn luyen tap cac mdn the tiiao, khu vui chai giai tti cua tte em Ket qud khao sat ciia Vien Tam ly hpc (2014) tai mdt sd tmdng phia Bdc va mien Tmng cho thdy, cd mot ty le dang ke hpc sinh timg la nan nhdn cua bao lyc hpc dudng, hpc sinh la thu pham ciia bao luc, vira la thu pham vua la nan nhan ciia bao lyc hpc dudng Theo thdng ke gdn day ciia Bd Giao due va Dao tao, trung binh ttong rapt ndra hpc, ca nude xdy gdn 1.600 vu hpc sinh danh d ttong hoac ngoai tmdng hpc, day la sd cdc vu bao luc hpc dudng da bi phdt hien (Theo: Thao Anh, 2019) Nguyen Thi Minh Sao (2015), Phan Dire Nam (2016) chi nan bao luc hpc dudng van ton tai nha trudng vd gid tti cua hpc sinh d mdi tmdng hpc dudng hien da cd nhiing thay ddi ldn so vdi tmdc ddy, ddy ciing la ly gay bao lyc vdi ban be Chi ttong quy 1/2019 cd 310 vy bao lyc hgc dudng tren toan qudc, chii yeu la d Ilia tudi tmng hpc co sd va tmng hpc thong (Xem: Nhat Hdng, 2019) Bao lyc hpc dudng cdn xay tir chinh giao vien bao hanh hpc sinh (Xem: Tiln Thanh, 2018) va hinh thiie bao hdnh thi chdt tii phia giao vien ddi vdi tre cdn nghiem ttpng hon d bac giao dye mdm non Hpc sinh khong ehi cbju bao lyc ve the chdt tir phia giao vien md bao luc ve tinh than cung kha phd bien nua hpc sinh khdng thich tmdng hpc vi ly bao lye, bao gdm xdm hai thi chat va Idi ndi bdi giao vien va ban be Kit qud khao sat 417 hgc sinh cho thdy, 34% dd timg bi giao vien va nhftng ngudi Idn khde d trudng xiic pham bdng ldi ndi nhilu hon mot Idn, 59% da chiing kien nhftng cdnh tugng xdy trudng hpc ttong vdng 12 thang qua Khi dugc hdi vl trimg phat the chdt, 18% sd hgc sinh tra ldi khao sat cho biet cac em da timg trdi qua hinh thiic ky luat nhieu hon mdt ldn va 37% sd hpc sinh cho biet da tung chiing kien viec (Lesley Miller, 2018) Ben canh dd, vdn nan lam dyng tinh dye van tiep dien nha trudng Ket qua n ^ e n ciiu cua Td chiic Plan qudc te tai Viet Nam cho thdy, sd hang nghin tre era dugc hdi cd 31% sd em gdi vi nien timg bi qudy rdi tinh dye noi cdng cdng (Xem: Minh Nggc, 2017) Cd the ndi, khdng gian tuang tac hpc tap, vui choi giai tti ciia tre em ttong nhd tmdng thieu thdn, ciing viec dieu tiet, kiem sodt cua thiet che nhd tmdng chua thyc hien tdt chiic ndng da dan den sai lech gia tti, chudn rauc gia tdng khdng gian nhd tmdng Thuc te dnh hudng khdng nhd din sy phdt trien the chat, tinh than va tti tue cua mli tre em, doi hdi xa hdi phdi sdm cd bien phap khde phuc Mot so nhan xet va ket luan Phan tich tren cho thdy biic tranh ve khdng gian xa hpi cua tte em ndng thdn ttong bdi cdnh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda Mdi gia dinh, cdng ddng va nha tmdng deu quan tdm tao dyng rapt khdng gian an toan, lanh manh dl phat ttien thi chdt, tinh thdn va tri tue tre em, nhung cung khong trdnh khdi nhiing ban chl cung nhu nhftng Mdt nghien ciiu UNICEF thyc hien tac nhan tieu cyc ttong cudc sdng ciia tre ndm 2015 tai Viet Nam cho thdy, hon mot em ndng thdn hien 42 Cudc sdng muu sinh xa nha ciia nhilu cha me ciing ban chl sy tuong tac tryc tilp vdi cdi de tmyen thy cac gid tti, chudn muc tmyen thdng ciia gia dinh, xa hdi Trong do, nhieu cha me gdn gyi cai hang nhung lai thilu kiln thiic v l ky nang sdng vd gidi tinh dl giao dye cho tte Sy phat trien cdng nghe thdng tin va sy lan trayen cac gia tti vdn hda ben ngoai, van nan bao lyc ttong gia dinh cung chi phoi den sy phat ttien the chdt, tinh thdn vd tti tue tte em ndng thdn Mdi trudng, khdng gian nha trudng vdn cdn tdn tai nhieu bat cap Viec thieu ttang thiet bi hgc tap, khdng gian luyen tap the thao, vui choi cho cac era; gido vien chua dam nhiem tdt vai trd ttuyin dat chudn myc dao diic xa hdi, tri thiic, ky ndng sdng cho hpc sinh; vdn nan lam dung tinh due, bao lyc hpc dudng van tilp diln da dnh hudng tieu cue din boat ddng tuong tac hpc tap va phdt trien nhdn cdch ciia tte Trong do, khdng gian cdng ddng cho tte em ndng thon cung dang bi chi phdi Sy thu hep ddn khdng gian cdng cdng; sy suy yeu cua he gid tti, chudn myc va kiem soat ciia cac thiet che tmyen thdng (ddng hp, xdm lang, cdc td chiic xa hdi) da tao ca hpi cho nhiing gia ttj, chudn myc tieu cyc thdm thau vao tte va gia tang sai lech, vi pham phap luat ciia tte Cd the ndi, nhiing bdt cap ttong khdng gian gia dinh, nha ttudng, cdng ddng cd anh hudng rat Idn den su phat trien the chat, tinh than, tti tue tte em Viec tao dyng khdng gian xa hdi lanh manh cho tre em bdi cdnh Viet Nam chuyen ddi la rdt cap thiet, can phdi cd su quan tdm, phoi ket hgp giua gia dinh, cdng ddng va nhd tmdng D I lam dupe dieu do, chiing tdi dua mot sd ggi md nhir sau: - Ddi vdi gia dinh: Cha me nen ban Thong tin Khoa hpc x& hpi so 9.2019 chl muu smh xa nha, uu tien lya chpn ho? dpng kinh te tai cac khu cdng nghiep, d6 thi ldn can dl cd dilu kien chdm sdc vd giao due cdi - Ddi vdi cpng ddng: Phdt ttiSn kinh tl, cai tiuen co sd tang, dich vu xa hgi ndng thdn dl giam ddn di cu Do tiii hda, cdng nghiep hda nhung khdng lam tiiu hep khong gian cdng cpng Phat huy vai ttd cua thilt chl xa hdi tiuyin tiidng ttong viec tmyin thu hudng cac em den cdc gia hi, chudn myc tmyin thdng va hipn dai phh hgp; kilm soat hdnh vi lech chuan, vi pham phap ludt ciia tte em, ndng cao vai trd cua du ludn xa hpi ttong cdng ddng ddi vdi nhiing hanh vi lech chudn cua cac chu th6 cpng ddng ddi vdi tte em - Ddi vdi nha tmdng: Hoan thien co sd tdng cung vdi hien dai- hda trang thiet bi hgc tap; nang cao dao diic nghe nghiep ciia giao vien; tao khdng gian xa hpi, khong gian luyen tap vui chai gidi tti cho hgc sinh d l xdy dyng tmh thdn doan ket, tuong ttg giiip dd ttong hgc sinh, gidm thieu sy khac biet xa hpi va mau thuan gifta cac nhom hgc sinh; kiem soat chat che nhung hanh vi sai lech ttong khdng gian nhd tmdng Tdm lai, khdng gian xa hpi ciia tte em ndng thdn dang bi tac ddng bdi qua ttinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda; sy phat ttien thi chdt, tinh thdn va tri tue ciia tte em cd thi se khdng di diing hudng mong dgi ciia gia dinh va xa hdi, dieu de dpa sy thinh vupng va phdt trien ben viing ddt nude Thyc t l ddi hdi sy quan tdm vao cupc ddng bd, ttach nhiem, quylt liet cua ca he thdng chinh tri, nhdt Id nhd tmdng, cac dia phuang va tiing gia dinh nham tao khdng gian xa hdi lanh manh va an toan nhdt cho tte em ndng thdn ttong bdi cdnh ddt nude day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va hpi nhdp qudc te Q Khdng gian xa hdi 43 10 Phan Diic Nam (2016), Niim tin Tai lieu tham khao gido due, De tai cap ca sd Vien Xa Bao An (2018), Gdn 70% tre em Viet hdi hpc Nam bi cha me bao hdnh, http://www hoinongdan.org.vn/sitepages/news/ 11 Mmh Ngpc (2017), Chung tay tgo mdi truong an todn cho tre, http:ll'www 1145/723 01 /gan-70-tre-em-viet-namhanoimoi.com.vn/Tin-tuc/Doi-song/ bi-cha-me-bao-hanhttuycap I0/9/20I9 870216/chung-tay-tao-moi-traong-an2 Thao Atih.(20l9), Ngdn chgn td gdc tinh trgng bao luc hgc dudng,h.ttp:llT)hsitidan toan-cho-tre), tmy cap ngdy 23/5/2019 com.vn/chinhtri/item/39791I02-ngan- 12 Lesley Miller (2018), Khuyin khich ky chan-tu-goc-tinh-trang-bao-luc-hoclugt tich cue trudng hgc, https:// duong.httnl, ttuy cap 23/5/2019 www.unicef.org/vietnam/vi/th%C3 %B4ng-c%C3%Alo-b%C3%Alo Do Thi Bmh, Le Ngpc Van, Nguyen -ch%C3%AD/khuy%El%BA%B Linh Khilu (2002), Gia dinh Viit Nam Fn-kh%C3%ADch-k%El%BB%B7 vd ngudi phu nir gia dinh thdi ky -lu%El%BA%ADt-t%C3%ADchDdi mdi, Nxb Khoa hgc xa hdi, Ha Ndi c%EI%BB%Blc-trong-tr%C6%B0% NguyenDiicChien(2012),"Mdtsdvan El%BB%9Dng-h%El%BB%8Dc dl xa hpi bftc thiet ddi vdi thiet che hdn nhan va gia dinh Viet Nam hien nay" 13 Nguyen Thi Minh Phuang (2013), Tap chiXa hdi hgc, sd "Thdi ky vi nien: mdi quan he Nguyen Diic Chien (2018a), Mang/WOT gdn ket cha me giua cai va vai ttd xd hgi phdt trien kinh te hd gia giao dye cua gia dinh" Tap chi Xd hdi dinh ndng thdn ddng bdng song Hdng hgc, sd thdi ky ddi mdi, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hpi 14 Dd Thi Ngpc Phuang (2015), "Vai trd Ha Npi cua cac td chiic xa hdi tham gia giam sat thyc hien quyen tre em - Mdt vai Nguyen Diic Chien (2018b), "Rao can khuyin nghi", Tap chi Xd hgi hoc, va thach thiic ttong phat ttien giao due sd phd thdng d vung mien niii Tdy Bac hien nay" Tap chi Ddn tdc hgc, sd IS.Nguyen Thi Minh Sao (2015), "Tmh trang bao luc cua gido vien ddi vdi hpc I
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