Hanh vi ton giao cua nien Ha Noi va anh hirdng cua no moi quan he gia dinh hien Nguyen Thi Minh Ngpc^ ' ViSn Xa hoi hoc, Vien Han ISm Khoa hoc xa h6i Viet Nam Email: ngocnminh@yahoo.com Nh$n ngky 20 thang nam 2019 Chip nhan dSng thang nam 2019 Tom tat: Vdi ngudi Viet Nam, ton giao trudc day duoc coi la viec ciia ngudi gia, "tre vui nha, gia vui chiia" thi nay, ton gido d^ thu hilt sir quan tam cua nien Ddi song tdn gido cua nien tren thpc te vo Cling phong phii va da dang Thanh nien tham gia v^o nhieu hanh vi tdn giao khac ca gia dinh va noi thd tu Vi?c tham gia thuc hlinh cdc hanh vi ton giao khien ton gido co tde dong nhat dinh tdi cupc song cua niSn tren nhieu chieu canh khdc Thanh niSn Ha Npi da biet van dyng nhung gia tri dao diic hudng thien ciia ton giao vao ddi song Tir khoa: Hanh vi tdn giao, quan he gia dinh, nien Ha Npi Phan ioai nganh: Xa hpi hpc Abstract: For Vietnamese people, religions, which used to be considered something for the old "children are happy at home, old people are happy at the pagoda" - have now attracted the attention of young people The youth's religious activities are very rich and diverse They engage in various religious behaviours both in the family and in places of worship Participation in the practice of religious behaviours makes religions exert a certain impact on the lives of young people in various ways Hanoi's youth have applied moral values of religions in life Keywords: Religious behaviour, family relations, Hanoi's youth Subject classification: Sociology Md dau Ddi sdng tdn giao Viet Nam trudc va sau 30 ndm ddi mdi thuc su cd nhidu khac biet Trudc ddi mdi, ddi sdng tdn giao Viet Nam tram ldng, tdn gido vin la mdt bd phan cua ddi sdng tinh thdn cua ngudi ddn Viet Nam nhien, mdc dp anh hudng cua tdn giao Nguydn Thj Minh Ngpc den ddi s6i^ xd hdi khdng rd ret nhu sau ddi xain dac bidt thdi gian gdn day Ddi sdng tdn giao Vipt Nam sau ddi mdi dugc cac nha i ^ e n ciiu tdn gido ggi la hdi sinh sau mdt giac ngii ddi Anh hudng cua tdn giao dai sdng xa hpi cang ro net, ndu tdn giao trudc ddi mdi thudng chi ngudi gia mdi quan tSm "tre vui nhd, gia vui chua" thi tdn giao thu hut sir quan tam ciia nhdm nien Ti Id nien tham gia vao cac hanh vi tdn gido cang nhieu Nidm tin va hanh vi tdn giao cua nidn cdn anh huang den nhidu gdc dp khdc m6i quan he gia dinh hidn dgi Bai vidt phSn tich hdnh vi tdn gido cua nidn Ha Npi va dnh hudng cua tdn giao ddi vdi viec ling xii cua nien Ha Ndi mdi quan h? gia dmh Hanh vi tdn giao cua nien Ha Npi Hanh vi tdn gido cua nidn Hd Ndi cd the nhin nhdn tren hai phuang dien: di Id va • Thuong xuyen Cong giSo tiiam gia hpc giao ly, giao ludt Thu nhdt, vide di le tgi co sd thd tu cua cac nhdm nidn phan theo tdn giao vd khdng tdn giao la cd tdn sudt khdc Nhdm nidn la tin dd tdn gido cd ti Id thudng xuydn di Id tai cac ca sd tdn giao cao Da sd nidn la tin dd tdn gido ddu thuc hidn hdnh vi di le tai ca sd thd tu Ddi vdi nhdm nien khdng phai la tin dd tdn gido, ti Id khdng bao gid di Id tgi cdc co sd thd tu tdn giao chi cd 14,5% Dilu ndy cho thdy, cho dii chua chinh thuc la tin dd cua bdt ky mdt tdn giao nao sd cac tdn giao da dugc nha nudc cdng nhgn tu each phap nhan, my nhidn nidn van thi hi$n tdm thdc hudng ddn tdn giao cua minh bang vide thuc hidn hdnh vi di le tgi cac co sd thd tir tdn giao Trong hai nhdm nidn la tin dd Phgt giao va nidn Id tin Cdng giao thi nhdm nien la tin dd Cdng giao cd ti Id di Id thudng xuydn tai co sd thd tu cao hon so vdi nien Id tin dd Phgt giao (Hmh 1) Thinh thoang • Khong bao gio Pli3t giao KhSng ton giio Hinh 1: Hanh vi di ll tgi co sd thd tu tdn giao cua nien (%) [7] 59 Khoahpcxahoi VietNam, sd 11-2019 Khdng chi di le tgi ca sd thd tu ciia tdn giao minh, nidn cdn tham gia di Id tgi cac CO sd thd tu cua cac tdn giao khac Cdng giao la tdn giao ddc than Ngudi Cdng giao hidm di le tai co sd thd tu cua cdc tdn giao khdc, nhidn, nien Cdng giao hien tiid hien nidm tin da dang tdn gido cua minh Ket qua khao sat chi cd ddn 29,0% nien la tin dd Cdng giao thuc hien hanh vi di Id tai co sd thd tu cila tdn gido khdc Tinh da dgng niem tin tdn gido cua nidn Cdng giao ndi rd ret hon nien Cdng giao ngoai qua ti le nien Cdng gido ndi cd ti Id di le tai co sd thd tu tdn giao khac cao ban so vdi nidn cdng gido ngogi Didu ndy cd the ly giai tir gdc dp ddi sdng tinh thdn, phai chang cupc sdng noi thi vdi nliidu dp lire hay tinh each dpc lap cua cude sdng thi da cd tde ddng den tinh than khoan dung tdn giao cua nien Cdng giao Ylu td truyen thdng tdn giao duge bao luu manh han tgi khu vuc ngogi Dilu cho thdy, siic manh cua cdc gia tri truyin thdng, Idi sdng dgo truydn thdng it biln ddng la nhdn td quan trgng dd nidn Cdng gido ngoai thdnh cd ti le di le tgi cae co sd tdn gido khac thdp hon so vdi npi Nhin tii gdc dp gidi tinh va dp tudi cho thdy, ti Id nam nien Cdng gido di Id tgi cdc CO sd tdn gido khac cao hon nir; ti Id nien Cdng giao nhdm tudi 15-22 di Id cao hon nhdm tudi 23-29; va ti Id nidn Cdng giao trinh dd hgc van tir trung hgc phd thdng (THPT) trd xudng cao hon trinh tren THPT Chinh su khdc bidt ti Id nidn Cdng giao di Ie tai edc CO sd thd tu ciia cdc tdn gido khac da phan dnh su khdng ddng nhat niem tin tdn giao cua cac nhdm nidn Cdng giao (Hinh 2) 25 20 10 18,4 I N$i Ng09i thanb Nam 15-22 23-29 Tir THPT tt6 Ti€n THPT xu6ng '• Hinh 2: Ti le di ll tai ca sd thd ty ton giao khac ciia tiianh nien Cdng giao (%) [7] N g u y l n Thj Minh N g o c Khac vai nien Cong giao, d6i voi nien Phat gi4o tren dia ban ngoai lai co ti IS di le tai ca so tha tu ton giao khac cao hon nien npi Nhin tvr goc gioi tinh, d§ tu6i va trinh hoc vto, nhom nhien Phat giao la tuong dong vai nhom nien Cong giao 35 J Nhom nam nien co ti le di ll tai co sa tha tu ton giao khac cao hon nu; nien nhom tudi 15-22 co ti le di ll tai ca sa tha tu ton giao khac cao hon nhom tu6i 23-29; thajih nien co trinh hoc vin tu THPT tra xuong CO ti le di le tai co so tho tu khac cao hon trSn THPT (Hinh 3) 33 301 23 J N$i tbimh Ngoai Nam 15-22 23-29 Tu THPT tr4 Tren THPT xu6ug Hinh 3: Ti le di l l tai c a s o t h a tu ton giao khac cua nien Ph^t giao (%) [7] Thu hai, hanh vi tham gia hoc giao ly, giao luat cua nien Hien chi co co so ton giio mod co hoat dpng giang day giao ly, Siao iu4t; cac ca so tin nguong nhu dinh, *n, mieu, phu khong t6 chirc cac hoat dgng Kht qua khao sat cho thdy 24,3% gicti W thucmg xuyen tham gia hojt dpng hgc, 48,7% thinh thoang moi tham du va co tcri 27,7% gioi tre khong bao gid tham gia Gioi tre Phat giao co ti le thudng xuyen tham gia cac khoa giang giao ly cao nhit va thap nhat la nhom giai tre khong ton giao; da so gicri tre khong ton giao khong tham gia khoa giang giao ly bao gid Nhu vay da co sy khac biet ve viec tham gia hgc giao ly, giao luSt giiJa gidi tre cac nhom ton giao (Hinh 4) Ngoai viec tham gia cac hanh vi tdn giao tai CO sd thd tu, nien thiic hien cac hanh vi ton giao tai gia dmh Trong viec thuc hanh tin ngudng thd ciing t6 tien, vao nhiing dip ll, tdt hay vko rSm, mimg 61 Khoahpcxahoi VietNam, s6 11 -2019 mdt hoac gap bat cii sir cd nao cupc sdng nidn thudng bay bidn Id vat va thdp huong tren ban thd td tidn, hp cdu mong td tidn ban cho nhiing didu tdt ldnh, trdnh di nhiing tai uang va rui ro Day la • ThiKmg x u y ^ mdt nhiing logi hinh van hda tdm Iinh dugc nien tham gia thuc hanh nhieu nhdt Ben canh dd, nhdm nidn Id tin dd tdn giao cdn thuc hidn dpc kinh cdu nguydn tai nha a Thinh thoang • Khdng bao gid Cdng giao Hinh 4: Ti !p tham gia hpc giao ly cua gidi tre(%) [7] Anh hirdng cua ton giao doi vdi vifc irng xir cua nien moi quan he gia dinh 3.1 Ton gido giiip niin tdng cucmg tinh khoan dung, kiem sodt ban thdn Theo kdt qud khdo sat, 68,8% nien cd dgc sach ve gido Iy tdn gido va 86,0% nien cam thdy sach giao Iy tdn giao bd ich ddi vdi ban than 88,1% gidi tre khdng dinh cd dp dung giao ly tdn giao vao cupc sdng Con sd ndy khdng djnh miic anh hudng cua tdn giao ddi sdng gidi trd Giao ly tdn gido dugc dp dung vao nhidu ITnh viic ddi sdng nien Vide dp dung 62 giao Iy ton gido vao iing xii ddi vdi ngudi than gia dinh Ien ddn 76,6% Giao Iy tdn giao khdng chi tac ddng ddn hanh vi ling xu cua nhdm nien la tin dd tdn giao md cd ddn 51,3% tiianh nidn khdng phdi Id tin dd tdn gido ciing khdng djnh viec dp dung giao Iy tdn gido vao quan he iing xd vdi cac vidn gia dinh Su phu hgp Clia gido ly ton giao ddc bipt la dgo diic tdn giao mdi quan hp gia dinh va gia tgc dugc nhdm tiiupc gidi trd khdng tdn giao tidp nhdn nhu ehudn mirc dgo due xd hdi, hp tidp thu va van dung nd hidn thuc ddi sdng Trdn thuc td, giao Iy cda cdc tdn giao ddu hudng den viec ran day cac tin dd phdi Nguyen Thj Minh Ngpc bilt quan tdm, cham sdc ngudi than gia finh, lay tinh yeu thuong lam ndn tang ciia mdi quan hd gia dinh Tinh ydu thuang theo quan didm Phgt gido la mdt thii tinh yeu dich tiiuc, vd didu kidn; ngudi trao di tinh cam, su quan tdm, triu men, su cham soc cua minh md khdng ddi hdi phai dugc nhdn lai Nhieu nidn Phat tu cho bidt, Idii da theo Phdt, hidu dugc tinh thdn giao ly cua Phdt giao, dac bidt la tridt ly tu bi, nhan qua, vd thudng, vd ngd, bdn thdn hp quan he ydi ngudi gia dinh da CO nhieu thay ddi Hg da bidt quan tam, chia se nhieu hon vdi ngudi thdn gia dinh Trong mdi trudng xd hdi hien dai, cac gia dinh phai ddi mat vdi nhieu thdch tinic nhu su thay ddi mdi trudng sdng; thay ddi phuong thiic lam an; thay ddi vd quan nidm song, thay ddi vd nhu cdu sdng; thay ddi vd tr?t ty gia dinh; thay ddi vd kha nang tuang tac xd hpi; thay ddi gia tri sdng nhu sdng ao, song gap chinh su rgn nut va vd cac moi quan he da khidn nhieu ngdi nhd chi th\rc hidn chiic nang "qudn trg" cho cdc vien, sy tuong tac giiia cac cd nhan gia dinh giam siit khidn tinh ydu thuong, sir che chd ciing suy gidm dang kd Cac ton gido da sdm nhan nhiing mat trdi Clia cong nghd sd ddi vdi gia dinh va cac bai giang cua minh, chiic sac tdn giao it nhieu da de cap ddn sy can thiet phai thidt liip lai quan he, su gdn kdt cua cac vien gia dinh Viet Nam hien Thanh nidn xa hdi hidn dai cd xu huong de cao gia tri vgt chat Ndu trudc cuoc sdng dcm so, ngudi ddn vdi khong coi trpng vat chdt md coi trpng tdm long, coi trpng sy chan tinh thi nay, gia tri vdt chat nhidu Iuc dugc mang lam thiroc quan he Ldi song xa hoa la trai voi loi song tdn gido Phat giao dua quan niem ve "thidu due" vd "tri tuc" tiic la yeu cau ngudi phai bidt kidm soat ldng ham muon ciia minh va bidt du Ddy ciing Id mot gidi phdp Phgt giao dua dd hudng ngudi tdi hgnh phuc Thidu dye la mudn it, tri tiic la bidt du Mudn it Id ddi vdi cdc chua cd ma vi nhu cdu thi mong cho cd Bidt du la gap hodn canh nao ciing ddu an phdn duydn, khdng tham cdu nhidu han nira dd phai khd sd vd tmh tiidn Tham la mdt tam ddc cua Phgt gido (cung vdi sdn va si) Thidu dye va tri tiic la phuong phap dd giam trii tham, vi da tham mudn thi khdng bao gid bidt du dd dimg Igi Vgn vat vd thudng, cai mdi ludn tdn tai, ndu ngudi cii mdi mai md ehgy dudi theo cai mdi se khdng cd didm dimg Mudn dugc sung sudng, Phgt gido cho rdng cdn phdi thyc hidn thieu due va tri tiic Khi tham sdn si bi loai trir, quan he giiia nhiing ngudi gia dinh ciing dugc cdi thipn nhidu Tmh cam giiia nhung ngudi gia dinh hidn nhidu ciing bj bdng thudc vat chat Phan tdng xa hdi pham vi gia dmh ddi tgo nen tam thiic ganh ghet giiia bdn than cac vien gia dinh Dieu anh hudng tryc tidp tdi quan he giua cdc vidn Tdn gido vdi cac gid tri khoan dung, tu bi giiip cac vidn gia dinh nang cao dugc sy chia se, cam thdng mgi hoan cdnh Thanh nidn la tang ldp dang d giai dogn ddu phdi ddi mat vdi cupc sdng vd vi vay, tam thiic tiiam, san, si, nga mgn dang d vao giai dogn manh, ddng thdi, kha ndng tu chu, kidm soat ciia gidi trd chua cao, vay, tdm thiic dd bdc phat ngoai thd hien bdng nhung hdnh ddng cu tiid Tdn gido giup nidn tdng trudng tinh khoan dung, ddng thai giiip nidn kidm soat dugc bdn thdn minh Chinh timg budc Iogi trir tham, san, ii, nidn timg budc Idm chii ban than va ty tin han vdo chinh minh; nhd vdy, dong quan he vdi mpi ngudi ndi chung va ngudi gia dmh ndi ridng hg dd dang chia sd, cam thdng vdi nhiing cdng vd tiidt bai cda cdc thdnh 63 Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, s6 ! - 2019 vidn khac, va ddn nhdn nhihig ^ ngudi gia &ih danh cho mmh Giao ly tdn giao ma cu thd Id dgo ddc tdn giao ludn dd cao vdn dd tdn trpng ngudi khac, dgc bidt la tdn trgng ngudi ldn tudi Gido ly tdn gido nhdt la giao ly Phgt gido dgt van dd budng bd tham sdn si se khdng chdp nhdn gia tri kinh td dinh vi sy ton trgng quan he gia dinh Didu thd hien rdt ro cac ndi dung giao due cua Phat gido Phat glao ydu cdu phdt tii quan he gia dinh cilng nhu xd hpi phai bidt Id phep, tdn trgng ngudi ldn ludi, bdc bd trdn Day ciing chinh Id npi dung ca ban cac bai giang ddi vdi gia dinh phdt td de gido dye thidu nien phdt tii tir nhd Le phep la mot nguyen tac quan trpng ling xd Ld phep la sy tdn trpng ngudi khdc va qua ciing thd hien su tdn trgng ban than minh giiip dd tinh nghia vg chdng; dd sinh sdn va gido due cai nhidm vy Idm cha me Ddi vdi ngudi Cdng giao, hdn nhan khdng chi la mdt khd udc ma cdn la mpt bi tich Hdn nhan la bi tich tuih yen, cho ndn da ndn vg nen chdng tin ca hai khdng cdn Id hinh anh dudi trdn niia, md la hinh dnh cua Chua trdn trdi Dac tinh cua hdn nhdn Cdng gido la don nhdt va bdt kha phan ly Don nhdt nghia la mot vg mdt chdng Bdt kha phan ly la khdng thd Ii di Hidn nay, d Vidt Nam ngudi Cdng gido vdn ludn giu dugc y thiic vd sy gdn kdt gia dinh Theo quan diem Phgt gido, vipc lap gia dinh dugc xem nhu Id mgt tidn trinh cua ddi sdng va phdt tu tai gia, phdt tii phai coi ddy nhu la CO hdi tdt cho hp thyc hanh nhiing didu tu tap Ndu cd hai xem Phdt phap Id tdin diem mdi quan hp cua hg, thi mdi lien hp se d% cdng han Nhd hp sd giup dd tu tap va phdt tridn Trong kinh Dgi Bdo Tich due Phat dd nhgn 3.2 Ton gido Id sgi ddy gdn kit moi quan dinh rang: ndu mpt ngudi dan dng cd thd he giira cde thdnh viin gia dinh tim dugc mpt iigudi vg, ngudi phu nft thich Gia dinh Viet Nam bdi canh hien dgi hgp va hidu biet; ngudi phy nft cd thd tim bi coi la thidu sy gdn kdt, cac mdi quan he dugc mgt ngudi ddn dng tiiich hgp va hidu thay ddi nhanh chdng Thuc te cho thay, ti bidt, ca hai thuc su may mdn Chdng va vg id ly hdn ngdy cang cd chidu hudng gia tang luc nao cimg phdi tuang kinh lln nhau, hg Xu thd lam me dan thdn la mot xu the dugc phai hpc each chia se nhirng vui budn nhidu phy nii tre lya chpn, md hinh gia dinh ddi sdng hdng ngdy [8] Tuong kinh va cam theo tdn ti trdt ty truyen thdng dang thay thdng Id hai thir quan trgng nhdt cupc ddi Didu di ngugc lgi vdi giao ly ciia sdng hgnh phuc gia dinh Khdc vdi Cdng cac tdn gido tai Viet Nam hidn Cac tdn gido, khdng cd nghi thirc ldm ll cho vide giao hidn chua chap nhgn cho nhung ket hdn giao didn Phat giao, nhidn, trao luu bidn ddi ndy ma ludn hudng den ngdy nay, trude nhu cdu cua phdt tu, nhidu' cdc gia tri truyen thdng vdi sy gdn kdt chat chua tiiyc hi^n le Hdng thugn tai chiia Nghi che giua cac vidn gia dinh Id chu ydu la cau an vd hgnh phiic cho gia Theo gido ly Cdng giao, hdn nhan trudc hdt dinh mdi ndy Ngu gidi cua Phat gido cd tin la mpt on ggi, qua vide phdi hgp tinh dieu "khong ta dam" tryc tidp lien quan ddn ydu, hai vg chdng dugc mdi gpi trd thdnh sy gdn kdt gia dmh hinh anh sdng dgng cua Thidn Chiia Do do, Cupc sdng cua ngudi dan xa hdi hdn nhan la mpt giao udc ky kdt giiia mdt hidn dai Id nghidng theo hudng tiiod mdn ngudi nam va mdt ngudi nii vdi y thiic tu cam giac Mpi ngudi tiiem mudn tiiu vui va trach nhiem, dd sdng yen thuang va gidc quan se khdng tranh khdi tir bo khia Nguyen Thi Minh Nggc canh tam lmh mgt each tu nhien Mac du song dao dire lanh manh, la nhan td tag Phat giao chip nhan rang viec nghieng theo nen hanh phuc ddi sdng hon nhto gia cSm giac khoai lac la mgt hien tugng tu dinh Day khong chi la chuan muc ciia dao nhien theo ban nang trgng tam tri ngudi, dire Phat giao ma cdn la chuan muc ciia dao nhung Phat giao khong khuygn khich moi due xa hgi Nhu vay, tdn giao giup gia ttog ngnoi hien thuc hoa ban nang den miic niem tin giua cac cac nhto co su no trft nen thoa man mdt cam giac bat lgi gia ttog niem tin vdi cac thtoh vien Phat giao chu truang rang su thoa man gia dinh Ngudi theo tdn giao, dac biet nhiic due la mgt nhiing phong each nhirng ngudi cimg mgt tdn giao ludn sSng cue doan ma nhttng ngudi dang tim tin tudng ring ludn hudng den loi sdng tdn tiu hanh phuc tdi hau nen tranh Khi mgi giao tuto thil dao ditc tdn giao, hg tin tudng ngooi khong dii sue tuan thil ky luat tinh ring nhitog ngudi ddng tu la nhimg ngudi thiin, hg chay theo nhftng thu vui giac quan tdt va dtog dugc tin cay Su tin tudng lln gitta cap vg chdng [1] Giao ly cua Phat giao hudng dSn muc dich giai thoat va giac ngg, xujt lyfhh cd tdn giao gop phin gia tfag su gto ket gian Tuy nhien, giao ly ay ludn dat tren cho gia dinh Su gin ket eiing dugc tao nSn tang nhan ban, hudng den ngudi va dung tren gia tri chia se ma cac tdn giao nhim giilp cho ngudi co dugc hanh ludn ih cao N6u mdt cap vg chong cd the phiic cuge sdng, chg nen nhung ldi chia se noi dau khd va niSm vui djy ciia diic Phat khgng xa rdi thuc tiln, ddi sdng hmg cho thi hg co the tihp them sue sdng cho nhau, dem den h ^ khong phan lai hien thuc cua xa hgi Mot nhttng nguyen nhan chinh ciia phiic cho va giam thiiu tii da nhung ill bdt hoa hdn nhan la sunghi ldi than van, trach mdc Khi nhftng ctoi giac bit an va dao ddng se biin mit va cuge ngil va mit long tin d De cho gia sdng se ctog cdy nghia hon, hjnh dinh thuc suhda hgp, thuc su_la mai phuc, thil vi hem niu nhu ca vg va chdng Smhanh phiic thi ca ngucri chong lan ngudi diu sfo ldng chia se ganh ntog cua vo phai td bay su tin tudng lln va cd Sdng vdi su tin tudng va hudng den nhttng gSng khong cd nhttng diSubi mat gitta hai gia tri tich cue vi yeu thuang, binh an, haiih ngucri Nhung iihu giiu kin thudng tao nen phiic, loai tru nhttng gia tri tieu cite cua sto sunghi ngd, nghi ngd din den ghen tuong, hto, ganh ti, si me cung la nhto td tich cifc ghen tuong tao nen hdn gian, hdn gi$n tao cho su gin kit gia dinh, vg chdng Tinh yeu nSnhIn thii va han thiicd thh din den su thudng bi hoen d bdi ldng vi k