Hành vi lệch chuẩn của thanh thiếu niên

HANH VI LECH CHUAN QUA THANH THIEU NIEN Nghien ciru dtrgc tai trg bdi Quy Phat tri^n Khoa hoc va Cong ngh$ Qudc gia (NAFOSTED) de tai: Tri tue cam xuc va moi quan he cOa no vdi hanii vi xa hoi cua thieu nien; m sd: VI1,1-2013.12; PGS.TS Phan Thi Mai Hifcfng l^m chCi nhiem TS OInh Thi Hong Van Dai hoc Suphgm Hue * TOM T A T Dif lieu khdo sal lie 921 ihiSu nien tai linh ihdnh (Hd Noi.Ninh Binh, Thica Then - Hue Qudng Tri, Bin Tre vd phS Hd Chi Minh) cho (hay, cdc hanh vi lech chudn diu duac thiiu nien thuc hien a cdc mite khdc nhau, Irong do, nhirng hanh vi duac ihuc hien vai ty le lan Id "'quay cop", '"khong hoc bdi, Idm bdf, "'chili nhau, cai nhau'", "'ndi bdy\ '"ndi ddi Ihdy co, cha me, nguai lan tuoi"^ Thanh thiiu nien nam co xu hudng thirc hien cdc hdnh vi lech chudn nhieu han nit Thanh thiiu nien dang Iheo hoc THPT ihuc hien cdc hdnh vi lech chudn vdi mire cao han ihanh ihieu nien THCS Tir khoa: Hdnh vi lech chudn; Thanh ihieu nien Ngdy nhdn bdi \Z/Sf20\6; Ngdy duyel ddng bdi 25/4/2017 ABSTRACT Data collected from 921 adolescents in six provinces/cities in Viet Nam (Hanoi, Ninh Binh, Thua Thien Hue, Qtiang Tri Ben Tre and Ho Chi Minh City) showed that adolescents engaged types of deviant behavior at different levels Among deviant behaviors, adolescents tended to engage more in the following acts: "cheating in exams ", "not doing homework and reviewing - le.ssans", "quarreling, swearing", "using foul language", "lyingto teachers, parents and older persons " Male adolescents are more likely to commit deviance than female High-school students commit deviance more frequently than secondary school students Keywords: Deviant behavior Adolescent \ Dat van de Sir phd bien ciia vice tre chua ihanh nien pham toi va cd hanh vi lech chuan la mot van de nghiem ciia xa hoi (Lance, 2003) Theo bao cao cua Cue Canh sat quan ly hanh chinh ve trat tu xa hoi - C64 (thuoc Tong cue Canh sat - TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (218), - 2017 Bo Cong an), d Viet Nam, nam 2014 va 2015, xay 17.002 vu vi pham phap luat 25.017 tre em va ngudi chua nien gay ra, vdi cac toi danh nhu: giet ngudi, cudp lai san, cudng doat tai san, hiep dam, cudng dam, cd y gay thucmg tich, trpm cip tai san, gay rdi trat tu cong cong, danh bac va cac vu vice khac (Tdng cue Canh sat - Bp Cong an, 2015) Trong dd, nhidu hanh vi pham toi cua tre chua nien xuat phat tir nhirng hanh vi lech chudn khdng dupe phat hien va udn nan kip thdi Hanh vi lech chuan la nhung hanh vi chech hudng rd ret so vdi nhOtig chudn muc xa hdi (Lance, 2003; Liu va Hsu, 2013) hoac theo each khdng chap nhan dugc ve mat dao due, nhien, muc dp sal pham cila nd khdng phai d miic vi pham phap luat (Lance, 2003) Nd cd the la nhOng hanh vi ngoai hien, bpc Id true tiep ben ngoai (trdn hoc, bd nha, bat hop tac, chdng ddi, ndi ddi, bat nat, gay han ) hoac la hanh vi ndi hien (cang thang, lo lang, thu minh ) Dudi gdc dp phat trien nhan each, hanh vi lech chuan cd the gay nhung hau qua nghiem trpng cho tre vi nien Nd anh hudng tieu cue den qua trinh hpc tap (Liu va Hsu, 2013) cung nhu cac mdi quan he xa hdi (Pour, Adibsereshki, Pourmohamadrcza-tajrishi va Hosscinzadeh, 2014; Eccles, Lisa; Coiarossi va Jacquelynne, 1998) Theo Liu va Hsu (2013), nhung nghien cuu ve hanh vi lech chuan da chi rang, nhirng hanh vi nay, neu khdng dupe phat hien va sua chCra thi chiing xay ra, thieu nien kho cd the kiem soat mpl sd hanh ddng cua minh va sau rat kho de sua chua nhung sai lam dd De phdng ngCra nhung van de xa hdi nghiem trpng ed the xay Irong tuong lai, cac hanh vi lech chuan can dupe phat hien ngan chan va dieu chinh cang sdm cang tot, De cd CO sd khoa hpc cho vice thuc hien nhung chuong trinh giao due tac ddng can thiep lam giam hanh \'i lech chuiin d thieu nien ciin thiet tien hanh cac nghien cuu Ihuc lien ve hanh vi lech chuan Phuffng phap nghien cuu Khach the nghien cim Khach the nghien cuu la nhung hpc sinh Irung hpc co sd (Ti ICS) va Irung hpc phd thong (THPT) tai linh Ihanh (Ha Ndi Ninh Binh Thira Thicn - Ilu6 Quang \'n Ben Pre va phd Ho Chi Minh) Tdng sd khach the d\iu tra la 921 thiCu nien, dd 56,8% la nu 43.2% la nam; 18,4% la hpc sinh kVp 18.0% - hpc sinh Idp 22.4% - hoc sinh Idp 22.1% - hpc sinh Idp 10 va 19.1%-hpc smhlcVp II Cong cu ildnh giii hiinh vi lech chuiin Bang hoi hanh \ i lech chuan bao gdm 20 menh dc Ihfi hien nhung hanh vi cong kich chdng cidi sai pham ciia Ihieu nien ciic hoat ddng (hpc T A P C H I T A M L V H O C , S6 (21 H), -2017 tap, giao ti^p vdi ngudi khac) va tri trat tu xa hdi da dupe xay dyng Day la nhung hanh vi lech chuin dupe bpc Ip ben ngoai va nd lien quan den kha nang nhan biSt, tu kidm soat, quan ly cam xiic va hanh vi cua ban than Cac m^nh de tha hien hanh vi lech ehuSn hoat ddng hoc tap nhu; Trdn hoc, bo hoc; Khong hoc bai, lam bdi; Quay cop; giao tiip vdi ngudikhac nhu: Ldy dd cua nguai khdc; Chui nhau, cai nhau; Noi trSng khong, thiiu ii vai nguai lan; CSygdy xd xat vai nguai khdc; Noi ddi thdy co, cha me, nguai lan tuoi va tri trat tu xa hoi nhu: Banh nhau, du dd; Vipham Luat Giao thong duang bo (deo 3, lang Idch, danh vong, khong doi mU bdo hiem, vugt den do, dieu khien xe may ); Xem bang dia, phim anh, clip, doc cdc an pham doi truy; Diing cdc chdt gay nghien (thudc Id, bia rugu, ma tiiy cdc dang ); Xd rdc bita bai nai cong cong (lap trudng, ngoai dirang) Trong 20 menh de, cd menh de la nhttng menh de nghich so vdi cac menh de cdn lai, the hien nhung hanh vi hop vdi ndi quy, chuan muc xa hdi (Giii ve sinh chung nai cong cong (lap, trudng, ngoai dicang); Chdo hoi ngudi than gia dinh di, ve; Chao thay cd gap) Cac menh de dupe danh gia vdi mire dp xac djnh tan suat thuc hien cac hanh vi, tuong ung vdi cac diem sd nhu sau: Chua bao gid lam (1 diem), it lam (2 diem), thinh thoang cd lam (3 diem), lam kha nhieu lan (4 diem) Vdi cac menh de nghich thi cho diem ngupe lai: Chua bao gid lam (4 diem), it lam (3 diem), thinh thoang cd lam (2 diem), lam kha nhieu lan (1 diem) Hanh vi lech chuan dupe danh gia thong qua tdng diem Tdng diem cang Idn chung to tre vi nien thuc hien hanh vi lech chuiin cang nhieu Trong nghien cuu nay, he sd Alpha cua Cronbaeh cua bang hdi kha cao (0,878) Dieu cho phep bang hdi cd the thu thap dupe cac thpng tin khach quan Phu'ffngphap phdn tich sd lieu Nghien cuu sir dung cac phep phan tich sau day: Phdn tich thong ke mo td vdi cac thdng sd diem trung binh (DTB) va dp lech chuan (DLC) de md til ve hanh vi lech chuan cua Ihanh thieu nien Phdn tich so sdnh va tirong quan Pearson dupe sir dung de phan tich mdi quan he giila hanh vi lech chuan vdi cac y^u td Ket qua nghien cuu va ban luan 3.1 Danh gid chung ve hdnh vi lech chudn ciia thiiu nien Sd lieu d bang cho thay, cac hanh vi lech chuan dugc thieu nien thuc hien d cac muc dp khac nhau; nhin chung tan suSt thuc hien ciia cac hanh vi lech chuan la d dudi mire -'thinh thoang cd lam" (DTB cua cac hanh vi deu dudi 3) Trong cac hanh vi lech chuan, hanh vi thiiu nien cd xu hudng thuc hien nhieu nhat la "Quay cop" Day la hanh vi lam trai so vdi quy dinh TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd (218), - hgc tap cua nha trucmg dat cho hgc sinh, the hien su thieu trung thuc ciia hgc sinh thi cu 80,9% s6 hgc sinh cho ring minh da thuc hien hanh vi cac muc "it lam", "thinh thoang co lam" va "lam kha nhieu lan", CO dan 9,0% so hgc sinh "lam kha nhi6u ISn" Hpc sinh la chu nhan tuong lai cua dat nuoc, ho can phat trien nhan each tren nen tang ciia su trung thuc Tuy nhien, thirc tien lai cho thay co so lugng Ion hgc sinh co bieu hien vi pham due tinh thi cu Day la thuc trang nhuc nhoi, dang bao dong So lieu khao sat cung chi mot ty le kha dong thieu nien da tirng ''Khong hoc bdi, lam bdi" (74,6%) Mot hanh vi lech chuan lien quan den noi quy hgc tap o miic tram trpng hon la "Trdn hoc, bo hoc'\ co den 24,1% so thieu nien da timg lam Nhu vay, so lugng thieu nien vi pham cac noi quy hpc tap khong he nho Bang 1: Hdnh vi lech chudn a thieu nien TT Hanh vi iech chuan Danh nhau, au da DTB DLC 1,55 0,759 Lay ciia nguoi khac 1,34 0,659 Quay cop 2,33 0,885 Chin nhau, cai 2,25 0,903 Noi bay 2,12 0,971 Noi khong Ihieu jc voi nguai Ion 1.73 0.839 Tron hoc bo hoc 1.33 0,655 Vi pham Luat Giao thong duang bo (deo 3, lang lach, danh vong khong doi inii bao hiem, vuot den dieu khien xe may ) 1.73 0,896 Xem bang dia phim anh clip, doc cac iin pham doi tru\' 1.29 0,672 10 Fruy cap cac trang wcbsile den 26 0.649 11 Diing cac chat gay nghien (thuoc la bia ruati ma tu\ ciic dang } 19 0.569 12 Xa rac bira bai nai cong cong (lop trudng mzoai duimg) 91 0,794 n Gitr ve sinh chung nai cong cong (lop, truomz ngoai duotm)* 08 1.012 14 Co y gay x6 xat voi nguoi khac 33 0,670 15 Khong hoc bai, lam bdi 10 0.851 16 Noi doi thay co cha mc nguoi Ion tuoi 02 0.845 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (218), - 2017 •, 0,903 17 Chao hoi nguai than gia dinh di, ve* 1,60 18 Chao th4y co gap* 1,47 0,847 19 C6 y pha tai san chung (cot den, thiing tac, ghe ngoi, chai ) 1,26 0,617 20 Vi pham cac quy dinh nai cong cong (dam len CO, di ve sinh khong dung nai quy dinh, treo cay, hai hoa, chup anh, quay hinh nai khong cho phep ) 1,54 0,784 33,45 8,523 Tong chung Ghi chii: *,• Menh de nghich: