TAP CH[ PHATTRIEN N H A N LLTC - SO (67) 2020 THI/C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP NGUON LAO DONG NUf ' TAI VIET NAM TRONG HOI NHAP QUOC TE PGSJS.TRl/ONGTHIHIEN" TOM TAT Trong cdng cuoc doi mdi dot nude, tren khdp moi ITnh vuc hoat ddng cda ddi song xd hoi ludn ghi dau sU cd mat vd gdp si^c cua hang chiic trieu phu nU Bang bdn ITnh, tdi nang, tri tuS vd siic lao ddng, ho tiMg bUdc khang dinh vi the ciia minh su nghiep xdy dUng mdt quoc gia phdn thinh, mdt xd hoi cdng bang, van minh vd tien bd Vdi tu each Id mdt nguon luc lao ddng, lao ddng nU cd cd cau tdng nhanh ve so luong, phdt trien nhanh ve chat lU0ig, dd vd dang giU mdt vi tri het svtc quan trong chien luac xdy dung vd phdt trien dat nUdc ndi chung vd nguon nhdn luc trithiic ndi rieng Tuy nhien, viec Idm dd'i vdi lao ddng nUd Viet Nam hien dang cd nhidig han che, bat cap khien cho tinh trang bat binh ddng gidi bdc 16 cdng rd, cdn trd phdt trien kinh te - xa hoi, ddc biet boi canh hoi nhdp ngdy cdng sau rdng cua nen kinh teViet Nam Bdi viet tap tnmg phdn tich nhieu khia canh cua van de neu tren Tif khoa: lao ddng nQ, lao ddng Viet Nam, hoi nhdp quoc te, gidi phdp lao ddng, phu nQ Viet Nam Dat van de Binh dang gidi lao ddng va viec lam, bao quat ba ndi dung chinh: (1) Dam bao cd hpi ngang bang cho ca nfl gidi va nam gidi llnh vflc lao ddng va viec lam, bao gom cd hpi viec tiep can cac nguon Iflc dau tu cho "vd'n ngudi", cac nguon Iflc san xuat, cd hpi dfldc tham gia thi trUdng lao ddng va cd dUdc viec lam phu hdp vdi kha nang, sd thich va cd the phat huy het tiem nang cua ban than; (2) Tflng budc xda bd nhflng khac biet vai trd va nhu cau gidi gifla nam va '"'Nguyen Giam doc Hoc vien Can bg TP.HCM, Chu tich Hoi Na tri tliiic TP.HCM nfl khdng dac di^m sinh hpc khac g§y nen, dong thdi bu dap nhflng bat Idi ma nfl gidi hay nam gidi phai chiu nhflng dac tinh sinh hpc tao nen llnh vflc lao ddng, viec lam; (3) Kien quyet loai bd sfl phan biet dd'i xfl theo gidi llnh vflc lao ddng va viec lam, cd nghTa la xda bd mpi rao can de nfl gidi va nam gidi phat huy dfldc tiem nang cua minh mpi ITnh vflc cua cupc sd'ng va ITnh vflc lao ddng, viec lam Theo do, nhieu dfl an viec lam dfldc trien khai, dap flng nhu cau viec lam cho lao ddng nfl nhfl cho vay vd'n giai quyet viec lam, hd trd dUa ngUdi lao ddng di lam viec d nfldc ngoai, hd trd phat trien thi trfldng lao ddng, dao tao PGS.TS.TRl/ONGTH nghe dd phong va chuyen doi nghe nghiep cho ngudi lao dong d cap dia phuong, da trien Idiai cac bien phap tao dieu kien thuan Idi cho lao dong na di dang tie'p can thi tmdng lao dong nhu' md cac Idp dao tao nghe gan vdi gidi thieu viec lam, md san giao dich viec lam hang thang, hoi chd viec lam gidi thieu lao dong vao lam viec cac doanh nghiep, cac CO sd san xuat kinh doanh tren dia ban va ngoai dia phUdng, phuc hoi lang nghe Danh gia khai quat thUc trang Lao ddng nO la mot Iflc IflOng mang linn dac thu bdi trfldc he't, day la bd phan tinh hoa cua phu nfl Viet Nam, hgi tu nhu'ng p!i»™ chat lot dep dac trflng cua phu nfl Viet Nam nhfl can cu, kheo leo, dam dang, linh hojt, thao vat Dong thdi, day cdn la mot bo phan dang ke cua doi ngu tri thflc - nhflng ngu'Si lao dong tri dc, cd tnnh hoc van cao ve llnh vflc chuySn mdn nhat dinh, cd nang Wc tfl Thong tin tit Bao cao tong quan ve lao ddc lap, sang tao, truyen ba va lam giau hri dong nfl tai Viet Nam: Phu niJ, vice lam va thflc, tao nhflng san pham tinh than va vat tien luong Mang ludi Hanh dong vi lao chat cd gia tri dd'i vdi xa hgi Vdi nhflng dac dong di cu" (Mnet) cong bd', cho thay nam diem, dac trflng noi bat dd, Iflc Ifldng lao ddng 2019, lao dong nfl chiem tren 70% lUc lu'dng nfl da tham gia va cd nhieu ddng gdp ti'ch cdc lao dong ciia cac nganh xuat khau chinh nhu cho sfl phat trien chung cua dat nu'd'c det may, da giay, dien til va 64% lao ddng 2.1 NhUng ket qua Sat dMc cac khu cong nghiep Tuy nhien, ho chi Nang suat lao ddng nfl cd xu hudng dUdc hudng mot phan reit nhd be toan cang tang: nam 2010 la 44,0 trieu dong/ngfldi, bg gia tri ciia chudi cung flng toan cau Trong nam 2017 la 63,1 trieu dong/ngudi, sd bg nam nganh Det - May, chi phi lao dong chiem 2% 2018 la 68,7 trieu dong/ ngUdi, nam 2019 la gia ban budn cua mot san pham, cdn lai cac 74,3 trieu dong/ngfldi Mdt flu the' khac, Viet nhan hang hUdng 16% Idi nhuan Cd khoang Nam cd ty le tham gia Iflc lu'g'ng lao ddng nfl 7,8 trieu lao dong nfl dang lam viec khu tren tdng quy md dan so' Idn Tai thdi diem quy vUc phi chinh thu'c vdi dieu kien lao ddng 11 nam 2018, ti'nh chung ca nfldc ty le tham khong diim bao Ty le lao ddng nil khu gia life Ifldng lao ddng nfl ciia dan so' tfl du vifc phi chinh thflc phai lam cdng viec de bi 15 tuoi trd len la 76.2% C5 khu vflc thi ton thfldng len tdi 59,6%, cao hdn nhieu so la 69.1%, khu vifc ndng thon la 79.8% Viet vdi raflc 31,8% cua lao ddng nam khu Nam da phat trien dfldc kha ddng dpi ngu can vflc Lao ddng nfl dang d vi the thap hdn bg khoa hgc vii cdng nghe Nhieu nha kinh te, nam cd cau viec lam Phu nO chi chiem can bd khoa hgc cua Viet Nam dii tie'p thu va 26,1 % cac vi tri lanh dao nhflng lai ddng gdp tie'p can dfldc vdi nhieu tien bg khoa hgc va tdi 52,1% nhdm lao dong gian dOn via 66,6% cong nghe hien dai cua the gidi; nhieu cdng lao ddng gia dinh Dieu phan anh thflc te nhan, lao ddng Viet Nam thong qua xuat khau hien van cdn rat nhieu rao ciin dd'i vdi phu lao dong vii cac chuyen gia nfldc ngoiii da cd nfl viec tie'p can cac cd hgi phat trien dieu kien tie'p can dflgc vdi nhflng may mdc nghe nghiep so vdi nam gidi thiet bi hien dai va tac phong lao ddng cdng HI HIEN -THL/CTRANGVA GIAI PHAP nghiep Qua do, chat Ifldng nguon lao ddng nfl Viet Nam cung da dUdc nang cao hdn Nham day manh ket nd'i cung - cau lao ddng, he thd'ng Trung tarn dich vu viec lam thudc nganh Lao ddng - Thudng binh va Xa hpi da day manh hoat ddng tU van, gidi thieu viec lam va to chflc cac san giao dich viec lam dinh ky, IhUdng xuyen, tao cd hpi cho ngUdi lao ddng tie'p c3n vdi thdng tin ve viec lam Quy quoc gia ve viec lam tie'p tuc gifl vai trd quan trong tao viec lam cho ngUdi lao ddng, nhat la lao ddng nfl ndng thdn Cac hoat ddng hd trd du'a ngUdi lao ddng di lam viec d nfldc ngoai theo hdp dong da dUde tich cUc trien khai tao dieu kien cho ngUdi lao ddng d ndng thdn, vung sau, vung xa cd cd hpi dUdc hpc nghe va tham gia thi trUdng xuat khau lao dong Ben canh dd Quy cung da hd trd cho nien khdi nghiep, dac biet la nfl niSn thdng qua kenh quan ly nguon vd'n cua Hpi Lien hiep phu nfl Viet Nam De hd trd cac doanh nghiep va lao ddng nfl chu ddng thdi ky hpi nh§p, Hpi cd rat nhieu viec lam thiet thflc cho doanh nghiep va lao ddng nfl Nhflng chfldng trinh, boat ddng hd h-d lien quan den tac ddng chinh sach, dao tao khdi nghiep va tiep can nguon tai chinh, tin dung, hd trdtie'pcan thi trUdng, hd trd phat trien mang lUdi doanh nhan nfl va cac hoat dong day nghe cho lao dong nfl, phu nU ndng thdn va cac nhdm phu nfl khac cung dfldc thflc hien hieu qua Cij the, Hpi chu trpng phat trien cac hinh thflc day nghe va nganh nghe dao tao ngan han phu hdp, nhat la hen ket vdi cac doanh nghiep de day nghe va gidi thieu, cungflngviec lam de tao dau Phat trien cac hinh thflc day nghe da dang, linh hoat gan vdi tao viec lam cho lao ddng nfl, nhat la lao ddng nfl thudc hd gia dinh ngheo, cd hoan canh khd khan, lao ddng nfl tai cac dia ban ndng thdn; tap trung hUdng nghiep, nang cao trinh dp ky thuat, ky nang nghe de lao dong nfl cd dieu kien thich nghi va hda nh^p vdi cd che thi trfldng, tang hieu qua lao ddng, tfl tao viec lam, nang cao thu nhap, gdp phan day manh chuyen dich cd eSu kinh te va phan cdng lai Iflc lUdng lao ddng; dong thdi md rdng cac md hinh san xuat, phat trien kinh te'de hd trd viec lam tai chd Nhin chung, nguon lao ddng nfl Viet Nam dUdc danh gia la thdng minh, can cu, kheo leo, cd trinh dp dan tn, hpc van kha cao so vdi mflc thu nhap qud'c dan, tiep thu nhanh tien bp klioa hpc ky thuat va cdng nghe cua the gidi 2.2 NhUng han che - Ve chinh sach sie dung lao ddng nQ: viec thflc hien cac quy dinh ve sfl dung lao dong nfl nhieu doanh nghiep hien rat sd sai va chu yeu la mang tinh chSt dd'i phd Sd' Ifldng nfl cdng nhan da dfldc ky ket hdp dong lao ddng khdng nhieu va phan Idn cac hdp dong khdng tuan thfl theo cac dieu khoan cua Bd luat Lao ddng Ve trinh chuyen mdn, ky thuat: mac du phii nfl chiem 48% lUc lUdng lao ddng cua ca nUdc, nhu'ng lao ddng nfl lai chu yeu lam viSc ITnh vflc ndng nghiep (chiem 59%) Llnh vflc ndng nghiep lai la ITnh vflc lao ddng nang suat thap, mu'c cai thien nang suat lao ddng rat cham nen thu nhap cua ngUdi lao ddng thap nhat so vdi cac ITnh vflc cdng nghiep, xay dung, dich vu Day cd the coi la thach thu'c Idn nhat dd'i vdi lao ddng nfl Viet Nam viec dam bao viec lam hieu qua PGS.TS.TRUONGTH: cd nang suat cao hpi nhap Ve chinh sdch tuyen dung lao ddng nU: quyen cua lao ddng nfl tuyen dung, dao tao, ky ket hdp dong lao ddng thfldng bi vi pham dudi hinh thflc nhflng quy dinh mang tinh ngoai le nhu Uu tien tuyen lao ddng nam, hoac flu tien nhflng ngUdi cd kha nang di cdng tac xa Lao ddng nfl chUa dUdc dd'i xfl binh dang tuyen dung, nhflng ly nhU trach nhiem sinh de va nudi nhd, mat khac, mflc chi phi dau tU cho mdt lao ddng nfl tang tfl 5% den 15% so vdi lao ddng nam, nen cac chu doanh nghiep rat ngai viec sfl dung lao ddng nfl Mdt so' doanh nghiep cd hien tUdng ap dat khoang thdi gian td'i thieu lam viec tai doanh nghiep de ban che viec lap gia dinh hoac sinh dd'i vdi lao ddng nfl neu dUdc tuyen dung vao lam viec Lao ddng nfl thfldng dfldc tuyen dung va sfl dung nhieu hdn dd'i vdi cac doanh nghiep nhflng nganh ndng nghiep, det may da giay, che bien thuy san Cac nganh khac, viec tuyen lao dong nu cdn rat han che mdt lao ddng nam la 1.968 nghin dong/nan^ nhUng ddng cho mot lao ddng nfl chi cd 67/ nghin dong/nam Mdt so' nganh sfl dung nhieu lao ddng nfl phan Idn la lao ddng ngoai tinh va chu yeu la ky hdp dong ngan ban Ve chi'nh sdch itii ddi dd'i vdi doanh nghiep sif diAng nhiiu lao ddng nil: Nha nfldc cd chinh sach Uu dai, xet giam thue ddi vdi nhu'ng doanh nghiep sfl dung nhieu lao ddng nfl; nghTa la nhu'ng doanh nghiep sfl dung nhieu lao ddng nfl se dUdc hudng nhflng che dp Uu dai viec vay vd'n vdi lai suat thap tfl Quy qud'c gia ve viec lam, hd trd kinh phi tfl quy nay, dfldc Uu tien sfl dung vd'n dau tfl hang nam de cai thien dieu kien lam viec, dUdc giam thue Tuy nhien, tren thflc te chinh sach Uu tien it dUdc doanh nghiep quan tam va neu cd, thi quy trinh, thu tuc cdn nhieu rUdm ra, khdng d§ dang ap dung va thflc hien 2.3 Nguyen nhdn Hien cdn nhieu ton tai viec lam them gid cua lao ddng (ke ca nam va nu') Ve chinh sdch bdo hiem xd hdi dd'i vdi Tinh trang ngUdi lao ddng phai lam viec vUg't lao ddng nU: mac du ty le lao ddng nfl tfl dfl qua thdi gian quy dinh van bien, nhat la 15 tuoi trd len ludn tren mflc 48%, nhu'ng tren d khu cdng nghiep, khu che xuat nhflng quy md ca nUdc, sd'ngUdi lam cdng, lam thue thang cao diem dUdc ky ket hdp dong, dfldc hudng che dp Ty le lao ddng lam cac nghe ddn gian hflu tri va dfldc hfldng Ifldng d'm dau, thai cung rat cao, 37% doi vdi nam va 44% dd'i san chi chiem khoang 1/4 tong sd' ngUdi lao vdi nfl - cho thay trinh dp san xuat cua nen ddng Doanh nghiep 100% vd'n nfldc ngoai va kinh tecdn thap, cung - cau lao ddng trinh dp cac doanh nghiep nha nfldc cd ty le ngfldi lao thap vin la chu yeu Ty le lao ddng lam viec ddng dfldc ddng bao hiem y tecao nhat (tUdng dg bj ton thudng (tfl lam, lam viec gia dinh, u'ng vdi 99% va 81%) d cac doanh nghiep tU lam viec khdng cd hdp dong lao dpng, ) d nhan, ty 18 ngUdi lao ddng dfldc hfldng quyen Viet Nam cung rat cao, tren 60%, Idi ve bao hiem y tequa thap (chi cd 10,7%) ty le nfl chiem khoang 2/3 Sd' lieu phan Cac chu doanh nghiep ddng bao hiem cho anh hinh dp phat trien thi trUdng lao ddng cua iiiHIEN-THLfCTRANGVAGlAl PHAP ViSt Nam cdn thap (khong cd hdp dong), phu nfl It CO hgi hdn so vdi nam gidi - Moi trfldng lam viec nhieu doanh nghiep chfla dam bao cho lao ddng nfl theo quy dinh cua Bd luat Lao ddng Ty le cac doanh nghiep sfl dung nhieu lao ddng nfl to chflc nha tre, man giao cung nhfl hd trd kinh phi cho lao ddng nfl cd d tuoi gfli nhii tre cdn qua thap Cac quy dinh ve viec cac doanh nghiep phai cd can bg y te theo ddi sflc khde vii kham sflc khoe dinh ky cho ngfldi lao ddng van chfla dfldc thflc hien tot nfl vin thap hdn so vdi lao ddng nam nfl gidi cd trinh trung binh thap ho'n so vdi nam gidi nen phai lam nhflng cdng viec cd Ifldng thap hdn so vdi nam Lao ddng nfl cung chiem da so'trong nhdm lao ddng that nghiep Du cd cung trinh do, vi tri cdng viec nhfl nam gidi, thu nhap cua lao ddng nfl Viet Nam ludn tha'p hdn Trung binh, thu nhap cua lao ddng nu thap hdn nam gidi 10,7% nhflng sU chenh lech cang d cac nhdm trinh cao ban thi cang ndi rdng Nam 2019, thu nhap cua lao ddng nfl chfla qua dao tao chi thap hdn nam - Mot so' nganh sfl dung nhieu lao ddng nfl cung trinh la 8,1% nhflng chenh lech phan Idn la lao dong ngoai tinh vii chfl yen lii len tdi 19,7% d nhdm trinh dai hgc trd len ky cac hdp dong ngan han Dd'i vdi so lao ddng Lao ddng nfl cung chiem da so nhdm nay, ngfldi sfl dimg lao ddng thfldng khdng lao ddng that nghiep Cu the, so' niiy chiS'm tdi ddng bao hiem xa hgi va ban than ngfldi lao 57,3% so' ngfldi that nghiep d nhdm lao ddng ddng cBng trd'n tranh viec ddng bao hiem xa "chfla qua diio tao" vii 50,2% ti'ong nhdm hgi bdi hg khdng mud'n bi bdt xen viio dong "da dfldc dao tao nghe/chuyen nghiep" Dac biet, ty trgng lao ddng nfl nhdm that IfltJng qua it 6i - Ndi dung thdng bao tuyen dung, thfldng nghiep cd trinh dai hgc len tdi 55,4% Dieu chi bao gom nghe, cdng viec, so' Ifldng can cho thay kha nang tie'p can viec liim doi tuyen ma khdng neu rd thdi han hdp ddng hay vdi lao ddng nfl khd khan hon nam d hau het mflc Ifldng va dieu kien liim viec Nhflng moi nhdm trinh do, dac biet d nhdm thap nh^t diem niiy thfldng dfldc cac doanh nghiep ngoai vii nhdm cao nhii't quoc doanh ghi la "thoa thuan vdi ngfldi lao De xuat mot so giai phap dong", nhflng thflc chat la khdng rd rang Tfl thflc trang ve Iflc IflOng lao ddng nfl da sud't qua trinh lao ddng Nhieu doanh nghiep neu, tren cd sd ly luan khoa hgc ve gidi va tfl nhan liim sai cac loai hop dong hoac chi binh dang gidi, tac gia de xuat cac giai phap giao ket hop dong bang mieng ma khdng ky mang ti'nh he thd'ng va dong bd nhfl sau: k^t bang van ban, Thii nhat, doi mt)i manh me quan ly nhd - Lao ddng nfl tham gia tuyen dung gap nitdc ve phdt trien nguon nhdn lUc nil; x^y kha nhieu rao can ve tieu chuan, dd tuoi dflng va hinh bg may quan ly phat trien dfldc de bat, bo nhiem; cac quy dinh ve tien nhan Iflc nfl, doi mdi phfldng phap quan ly va Ifldng va tien cong bao dam dfldc ti'nh cdng hieu qua hoat ddng bd may quan ly ve phat bang khdng cd sfl phan biet doi xfl ve gidi, trien nhan Iflc trflc thudc nganh lao ddng song trung binh tien Iflong chinh cua lao dong thfldng binh - xa hdi d dia phfldng (cd the lap PGS.T5.TRUONGTHf • mdt phong chuyen ve lao ddng nfl Sd Lao ddng ThUdng binh va Xa hdi tinh, phd') Can hinh cd quan chiu trach nhiem thu thap, xSy dflng he thd'ng thdng tin ve cung - cau nhan Iflc tren dia ban ca nUdc nham bao dam can dd'i cung - cau nhan lUc de phat trien kinh te' - xa hpi Doi mdi cac chinh sach, cd che, cdng cu phat trien nhan lUc (mdi trUdng lam viec, chinh sach vi$c lam, thu nhap, bao hiem, bao trd xa hdi, dieu kien nha d va cac dieu kien sinh sd'ng, dinh cU, chu y cac chinh sach doi vdi bd phan nhan Iflc chS't lUdng cao, nhan tai) Cai tien va tang ctfdng sU phd'i hdp gifla cac cap cac nganh, cac chu the tham gia phat trien nhan Iflc nfl Thii hai, bdo ddm nguon liic tdi chnih cho phdt trien nhdn luc nU; tang dau tU phat trien nhan Iflc nfl ca ve gia tri tuyet dd'i va ty trpng tdng nguon vd'n dau tU toan xa hpi Can xay dflng ke hoach phan bo ngan sach nha nfldc theo hfldng tap trung chi de thflc hien cac chUdng trinh, nhiem vu, dfl an dao tao theo muc tieu Uu tien va thUc hien cdng bang xa hdi (hd trd dao tao, phat trien nhan Iflc d cac vung sau, vung xa, cho cac dd'i tUdng la ngUdi dan tpc thieu so', dd'i tUdng chinh sach, ) Nghien cflu doi mdi cd che phan bo va hd trd bang ngan sach nha nUdc cho phat trien nhan luc tfl ho trd cho cac ddn vi cung flng sang hd trd trUc tie'p cho ddi tfldng thu hudng va bao dam cdng bang gifla cac c(3 sd cdng lap va ngoai cdng lap Day manh xa hdi hda tang cfldng huy ddng cac nguon vd'n cho phat trien nhan Iflc nfl Nha nUdc cd cd che, chinh sach de huy ddng cac nguon von cua ngfldi dan dau tU va ddng gdp cho phat trien nhan iflc bang cac hinh thflc: TrUctie'pdau tU ^t:~' ^- xay dflng cd sd giao due, dao tao, cd sd y te, van hda, the due the thao; Gdp vd'n, mua cdng trai, hinh cac quy hd trd phat trien nh§n Iflc nfl Can quy dinh trach nhiem cua doanh nghiep dd'i vdi sfl phat trien nhan Iflc nfl, tao dieu kien thuan Idi va cd cd che, chinh sach manh de doanh nghiep thudc mpi phan kinh te'tang dau tU phat trien nhan lUc nfl ndi chung va dao tao, boi dfldng, day nghe ndi rieng Md rdng cac hinh thflc tin dung flu dai cho cac cd sd giao due, dao tao va cho hpc sinh, sinh vien de hpc nghe, hpc dai hpc, cao dang, ho trd ngfldi lao ddng hpc tap boi dUdng nang cao trinh dp Thit ba, doi mdi gido due vd ddo tao; day la nhiem vu then chd't, giai phap chu yeu de phat trien nhan lUc nfl Viet Nam giai doan tfl den 2025 va nhflng thdi ky tiep theo Can quan triet va trien khai quyet liet Nghi quyet so" 29-NQ/TW 04/11/2013 cua Hdi nghi Trung Udng khoa XI va Nghi quyet so' 44/NQ-CP 09/6/2014 cua Chinh phu ban hanh ChUdng trinh hanh ddng cua Chinh phu thUc hien Nghi quyet so' 29NQ/TW ve ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due va dao tao dap flng yeu cau cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dieu kien kinh te thi trUdng dinh hfldng xa hpi chu nghia va hpi nhap qud'c te TrUdc mat, can tap trung vao mdt so'ndi dung sau day; Hoan thien he thd'ng giao due theo hudng md, hpi nhap, thuc day phan tang, phan luong, khuyen khich hpc tap sud't ddi va xay dflng xa hdi hoc tap Doi mdi chUdng trinh, sach giao khoa thdng, khung chUdng trinh dao tao d bac dai hoc va giao due nghe nghiep theo hudng phat huy tU sang tao, nang Iflc tfl hpc, tfl nghien cflu „,N -THLfCTRANGVAGIAIPHAP tang thdi gian thflc hanh, tap trung vao nhflng ndi dung, ky nang ngfldi hpc, doanh nghiep va xa hdi can, dam bao lien thdng gifla cac bac hpc, cap hpc, gifla giao due nghe nghiep va giao due dai hpc Ddi mdi phudng phap day va hpc d tat ca cac cap hpc, bac hpc Doi mdi chinh sach doi vdi nha giao, can bp quan ly giao due; nang cao chat lUdng nghien cflu va Ung dung khoa hpc va cdng nghe vao giao due va dao tao Dac biet chu trpng viec to chflc sip xe'p lai va hoan thien cd che, chinh sach dd'i vdi cac trfldng sfl pham tren pham vi ca nfldc Thii tu, chii ddng hdi nhdp quoc te; xay dflng va thfldng xuyen cap nhat he thong phap luat ve phat trien nguon nhan Iflc nfl phu hdp vdi trinh dp phat trien cua Viet Nam Thiet lap kltung trinh dp qud'c gia phu hdp vdi khu vflc va the gidi Tham gia kiem dinh quoc te^ chUdng trinh dao tao ThUc hien danh gia va quan ly chat lUdng theo tieu chuan qud'c te, lien ket, trao doi ve giao due va dao tao dai hpc, sau dai hpc va cac de tai, dfl an nghien cflu khoa hpc, cdng nghe gifla cac cd sd giao due dai hpc Viet Nam va the gidi Tao mdi trUdng va dieu kien thuan Idi de thu hut cac nha giao, nha khoa hpc cd tai nang va kinh nghiem cua nUdc ngoai, ngUdi Viet Nam d nfldc ngoai tham gia vao qua trinh dao tao nhan lUc dai hpc va nghien cflu khoa hpc, cdng nghe tai cac cd s6 giao due dai hpc Viet Nam Tie'p tuc thflc hien chfnh sach hd trd tfl ngan sach nha nUdc va huy ddng cac nguon Iflc xa hdi, keu gpi dau tu nUdc ngoai nham xay dflng mdt so' trUdng dai hpc, cao dang va day nghe dat chuan qud'c te Thu hut cac trUdng dai hpc, day nghe cd uy tin va dam bao chSt lUdng theo tieu chuan qud'c te vao Viet Nam hoat ddng Tang cfldng day va boi dudng ngoai ngU (dac biet la tieng Anh), van hda the gidi, ky nang thich flng mdi trfldng canh tranh qud'c te' cho ngfldi lao ddng Viet Nam ndi chung, Iflc lUdng lao ddng nfl ndi rieng De thflc hien cdng cac giai phap tren, can day manh cdng tac tuyen truyen, lam cho can bd, cdng chflc cua toan bd h§ thdng chinh tri cac cap, cac tang Idp nhan dan, cac nha trfldng, cac doanh nghiep, to chflc hieu rd vai trd va trach nhiem dao tao va sfl dung nhan Iflc, bien thach thflc ve nhan luc Idi the de phat trien kinh te - xa hdi va nang cao vi the qud'c gia tren trUdng qud'c te Ket luan Vdi hdn mot nfla dan sd' va 48% Iflc lUdng lao ddng la nfl - nhflng ngUdi cd thien chflc lam me, sinh con, tri ndi gid'ng - phu nfl la mdt nguon nhan Iflc cd chflc nang va vai trd dac biet Cung vdi nam gidi, phu nU la nguon nhan lUc quan trpng xa hdi Vi vay, nang cao chat lUdng nguon nhan Iflc nfl cd y nghia gdp phan trflc tie'p nang cao chat Ifldng nguon nhan Iflc cua dat nUdc Dong thdi, day cung la muc tieu, la cdng cu de Viet Nam cd the dat dUdc binh dang gidi tflng budc va sud't qua trinh thflc hien dUdng Id'i doi mdi vi sfl phat trien kinh te ben vflng gan lien vdi tien bd va cdng bring xa hdi cua Dang, Nha nfldc va nhan dan ta TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Hpi Luat gia Viet Nam; Hdi - ddp ve binh ddng gidi vd quyen ciia phu ml, Nxb Van hda Thdng tin Ha Ndi 2015 Le Thi Nhudng: Bd luat Lao ddng vd xii PGSTS.TRaONGTH! HI^N -THLTCTRANGVA GIAI PHAP:: phat vi pham hanh chinh linh vuc lao ddng, Nxb Lao ddng Ha Ndi 2005 Nguyln Nam Phfldng: Binh dang gidi lao ddng vd viec lam vdi tien trinh hdi nhap d Viet Nam: Ca hdi vd thii thach, Nxb Lao ddng - Xa hpi Ha Ndi 2006 Tong cue Thd'ng ke: Nien gidm thd'ng ke (2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) Trung tam Ho trd giao due va nang cao nang lUc phu nfl: Binh dang gidi - Van de cua moi ngudi, tiMg gia dinh vd cd cdng dong, Ha Ndi 2015 ... tuyen lao dong nu cdn rat han che mdt lao ddng nam la 1.968 nghin dong/nan^ nhUng ddng cho mot lao ddng nfl chi cd 67/ nghin dong /nam Mdt so' nganh sfl dung nhieu lao ddng nfl phan Idn la lao ddng... Lao ddng nfl cung chiem da so 'trong nhdm lao ddng that nghiep Du cd cung trinh do, vi tri cdng viec nhfl nam gidi, thu nhap cua lao ddng nfl Viet Nam ludn tha'p hdn Trung binh, thu nhap cua lao. .. hanh chinh linh vuc lao ddng, Nxb Lao ddng Ha Ndi 2005 Nguyln Nam Phfldng: Binh dang gidi lao ddng vd viec lam vdi tien trinh hdi nhap d Viet Nam: Ca hdi vd thii thach, Nxb Lao ddng - Xa hpi Ha