Tac dong cua toan cau hoa den dir luan xa hoi vung dan toe thieu so a Viet Nam' Phan Tan''' LeThiThiiyLy'"» Tom tat: Ki tir dat nuac bat ddu tien hdnh cong cugc Doi moi (ndm 1986), hgi nhap, tgdn cdu hoa da tdc dgng cang Ian den dai song kinh ti, vdn hoa vd xd hoi viing ddn tgc thieu so (DTTS) cung nhu birc tranh du luan xd hgi (DLXH) ngi day qua viec lam thay doi nhirng thuc hdnh lien quan cua ngirdi ddn Kit qud khao sdt thuc dia ciia chung toi cho thdy, nguai ddn vimg DTTS da khong ngimg md rgng nhirng vdn de quan tdm ciia minh boi cdnh mdi vd - bang phuong tien truyen thdng ky thuat sd - ho da bdy to dugc vai nhieu nguai hon, d nhieu noi vdo nhieu thai diem vd theo nhieu cdch thuc da dgng han vi diiu hg mudn the hien Tir khoa: Du luan xa hgi, Toan cau hoa, Dan tgc thieu so, Viet Nam Abstract: Since Doi moi (Renovation) in 1986, integration and globalization has made an increasingly large impact on the economic, cultural and social life of the ethnic minorities and the public opinion therein reflected by relevant practical changes of the local people Thefieldwork results show that ethnic minorities have continually raised more concerns in a new context and thanks to digital media, shared with more people, in more places, at more times and in more diverse ways what they want to express Key words: Public Opinion, Globalization, Ethnic Minorities, Vietnam Mff dau Viet Nam cd 53 DTTS Theo Nghi dinh s6 05/2011/ND-CP 14/01/2011 cua Chinh phii ve cong tac dan tgc, viing DTTS la dia ban co dong cac DTTS ciing sinh s6ng 6n dinh cong dong tren lanh tho dat nude Tren tinh thin xac dinh hgi nhap kinh I Bai viet la ket qua cua De tai khoa hoc cap Nha nuoc jg ]^ ^rgng tam dh til md rgng cac linh "NhQng v ^ de ly litan v& Ihuc tien ve dti luan xa hgi , ,', , , , - „ - „ , •• •_ '•, • • J- - - ' • ^ uJ- • L • vue khac, qua trmh hoi nhap vol toan cau viing dan tgc thieu so nuoc ta boi canh toan ,' ^ •, •i a u h6a" Ma s6: CTDT.37.18/16-20, TS Phan da dua den nhimg chuyen bien manh me ve Tan chu nhiem, Hgc vien Khoa hoc xa hgi chu tri kinh te \"a tiep la ve xa hgi va van hoa d i''TS , Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc xS hoi, Vien Han lam Viet Nam DaC biet, Vtmg DTTS, viing niii Khoa hgc x3 hgi Viet Nam; ^^^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^^ t „ ^ chimg nhu se Email: phantanxh@gmail com kho khan vdi tien trinh hgi nhap thi cung da ,, Vicn Nghien cuu VSn hoa, Vien Han lam , ,; »- t CO nhieu nhieu thay doi, trong co nhung thay Khoa hgc xa hgi vi?t Nam; CO thay doi, Email: lelhithuyly@gmall.com dm v^ buc tranh DLXH 22 ,-:oiO ThOng hn Khoa hgc xa hot sO Vai net ve vung dan tgc thieu sodiroi tac \ a nhihig he hi\ cua vigc chuyen doi cc< caU d9ng cua toan cau hoa cay tr6ng cho muc dich \iia! khau dan den \'ung DTTS Viet Nam chia se bdi canh vice ngudi dan viing DTTS tai cho nial tu chung vdi eac \TJng mien khac Jdi nude iieii san xuat Thir hai mat trai tir sy ( iutu day manh hgi nhap Dac biet ke tir Doi don dap ciia cac tap doan kinh ic ben ngoai mdi \'ici Nam la mgt nhihig nude vao cae viing DTTS gay anh hudng l»Jn toi dang phat trien nhan dugc nhieu du an vc moi tnrdng s6ng noi day ca ve mat ty nhien kinh te va van hoa - xa hgi nude ngoai va va xa hgi khiln cho tinh Uang nhiem cac to chuc quoe te lai trg ma viing DTTS (iliit khong nguon nude ), benh t^t, chinh la dich den ciia mgt sd lugng du an te ngn xa hgi gia tang Thu ba, viC'cdi cu at len vimg cao thiic day mau thuan tgc dang ke so Ngudi dan viing DTTS da don nhan ca ngudi kha nang ty bao ve ciia ngudi dan hai dong ehay Idn nhat ciia toan eau hoa: tge tai cho ban ehe (lien quan den von loan cau hoa vi- kinh te va loan eau hoa ve kinh tc von xa hgi ), khien viing DTTS co nhieu bat on Thir tu, boi canh mdi khien van hoa * vi kmh tc: Toan cau hoa da lam thay eho CO hgi nghe nghiep ciia ngirdi dan vimg doi CO ban boat dgng kinh le eua Viet Nam DTTS tai eho khong nhieu, vi nhin chung noi chung va vi the, no cung dan den sy hg khong phai luon co du trinh do, ky nang, grin kci cua thi tnrdng vimg DTTS vdi kinh nghiem de dap ung Thir ndm, nang thj tmdng quoc te ve hang hoa, dich vy, luc thj tnrdng thap khien ngudi dan viing tai chinh - tien te Dieu mang lai ca DTTS CO nguy co tut hau tham gia vao nhihig anh hudng tich eye Ian tieu cyc doi nen kinh te toan cau, lam gia tang khoang each giau ngheo d day vdi doi song ciia ngudi dan viing DTTS Nhihig mat tich cyc co the ke den la: Thir nhdt, kinh te ciia vimg DTTS co dieu kien hgi nhap vdi the gidi ben ngoai, md rgng CO hgi tim kiem thi Uudng va thu hiit v6n dau tu Thir hai, sy hgi nhap vao nen kinh t£ toan cau dem den kha nang khai thae mgt each hieu qua the manh ciia timg dia phuong cho sy phat trien (vi du nhu thi manh \e san pham du Ueb ve cac mat hang nong nghiep tmyen thong ) Thir ba, xu the toan cau hoa d^c biet md trien vgng Idn cho cac dia phuong viec tiep thu nhimg tyu \-^ khoa hgc - cong nghe hien dai de "di tat don dau" nit ng jn dugc khoang each phat triin vdi cac khu vuc khac * Ve vdn hoa: Toan cau hoa thiic day su giao luu giiia cac he gia tri van hoa tren the gidi vdi he gia tri van hoa dan tgc N6 tao dieu kien cho nhimg he gia tri van boa mdi tir ben ngoai du nhap, dan den vice ngudi dan vira tiep thu eae chuan mye/gia tri mdi, vira danh gia/lua chgn lai cac chuan myc/ gia tri cii cac ITnh vuc ciia ddi song x5 hgi, dilu da gop phan lam thay d6i van hoa eiia nhieu tgc ngudi, nhieu viing mien Dac biet, boi canh toan cau hoa khien ngudi dan viing DTTS cd co hgi tiep xijc vdi cac he tu tudng khac tren the gioj dan den viec nhin nhan lai cae ngon thuygt lien quan den tien hoa luan, qua lam hg Ben canh toan cau boa cung khien eo y thirc eao hon/khac di ve van de tgc \-ung DTTS Viet Nam phai doi mat vdi mgt ngudi, van de dan chii - nhan quyen s6 vin de Thii nhdt, sy thuc da\ khai thac Cung nhu anh hudng ciia toan ciy lai ngu\ en cho mue dich eong nghiep hoa boa kinh te, anh hudng ciia toan cau h6a TAcddng ciin \an hoa doi vdi ngudi dan vimg DTTS co tinh da chieu Ben canh vi?c nen van boa cua moi dan tgc co co hgi Ian tda ben ngoai eung nhu tilp nhan nhihig yeu to ben ngoai de lam phong phii cho chinh minh, ngudi dan viing DTTS ciing phai doi mat vdi nhOng nguy co ma tieu bieu la nguy co xoa nhoa cac duong bien van hoa dan den xung dot giira cac nen van hoa va nguy co hi "hoa tan" Tac dgng cua toan cau hoa den du- luan xa hgi ciia ngirdi dan Trong hoi canh viing DTTS chiu tac dgng manh me ciia toan cau hoa, du luan xa hgi eua ngudi dan noi day ciing chiu tac dgng dang ke Dudi day la mgt so ghi n h ^ cua chiing toi qua trinh dien da d 11 tinh tir Bac vao Nam thugc vimg DTTS khuon kho De tai khoa hgc cap Nha nude "Nhung van de ly luan va thuc tien ve du luan xa hgi d vimg dan tgc thieu so nude ta boi canh toan cau hoa"' 2.1 Phuong tien truyen thdng - mgt nhimg cong cu dua ngudi ddn vung ddn tgc thieu so budc vdo toan cdu hoa Trong so cac phuong tien truyen thong ma ngudi dan co the tiep can, chung toi tap trung phan tieh hai kenh quan trgng la truyin hinh va Internet - nhiing phuong ti?n da dua the gidi den gan hon vdi ngudi dan d viing DTTS va vi the co vi tri quan trgng ddi song DLXH noi day ' D^ t^i da tri£n khai khao sat tren dja ban 11 tinh c6 dong dong bao DTTS sinh sfing (gom: Lang Son, Ha Giang, Lai Chau, Son La, Nghe An, Kon Turn, Dak Lak Ninh T h u ^ , Binh Phuac, Tra Vinh, Kien Giang) vdri 3.283 bang hoi, 550 phong vdn sau Khio sAt d u ^ thvc hi?n thoi gian nam 2018-2019 Cac s6 li?u, bang bi^u trinh bay bii v\k lay tir ket qua khao sat thuc tk cua Be tai Cic y kien ph6ng v4n sau dugc trich dan tir ftr lieu di^n da cua De tai 23 Khao sat cua chiing toi cho tha\-, truyen hinh la mgt ttong nhimg kenh quan trgng hang dau hien ddi vdi ngudi dan cac khu \-uc \ iec tim kiem thong tin (72,6% ngudi dugc khao sat tiep can thong tin qua kenh nay) Theo nghien cuu ciia C Baker (2008) truyen hinh la phuong tien truyen thong nam moi quan tam ciia cong chiing tren the gidi Con theo ket qua nghien cuu ciia chiing toi, hien d Viet Nam, truyen hinh van dang ehiem mgt vi tri dac biet y nghia viec tiep can thong tin cua ngudi dan viing DTTS, giiip ngudi dan tiep can vdi ca nhiing van de vugt len tren bien gidi quoc gia Sy hien dien bien ciia chiee tivi cac gia dinh da khien truyen hinh trd kenh truyen thong giii vj tri quan trgng ddi song tinh than thudng nhat cua ngudi dan noi day Mgt phan dang ke nhd ma ngudi dan vimg DTTS khong d tinh trang thieu thong tin tir cac phuong tien truyen thong dai chiing, ke ca tnrdng hgp hg khong biet chii (vi "bao hinh" dap ung dugc nhu cau thong tin ciia ca nhiing ngudi mil chir) Trong cae chuong trinh truyen hinh, thoi sir (bao gom ca thdi su quoc te) la mgt nhiing chuong trinh dugc yeu thich cua rat nhieu ngudi dan d vimg DTTS Ngoai ra, cac kenh truyen hinh phai tra phi ciing khong eon xa la vdi nhihig gia dinh d vimg tnmg tam, hoac nhiing gia dmh cd dieu kien kha gia d vimg ngoai vi Internet cung la kenh quan trgng viec tim kiem, trao doi thong tin cua ngudi dan vung DTTS Du chua phii song hoan toan d vimg nay, nhung Internet da dugc sir dyng bdi hon 1/3 so ngudi dugc hoi (38,2%), sd dd 76,3% truy cap nhieu hon ISn/ngay, 16,9% truy cap lan/3-4 ngay; so ngudi ca tuan mdi truy cap mgt Ian chi ehiem 6,8% So vdi kSt qua nghien cim ThOng tin Khoa hgc xa hOI ^^ " Ciia D Trend hon mgt thap nien trude, phin Idn cac tgc ngudi khong thugc phuong Ta\ va da so dan cu tren the gidi van chua the su dung Internet "thi^u ti^n, ihi^u sy tiep can hoac khong cd kien thirc" (Trend 2005: 2), thi sd d vimg DTTS Viet Nam hign la rat dang ke Mfie dii cd nhimg tranh cii, nhung Internet dugc xem nhu mgt khong gian eiia sy dan chii hoa (Poster 1997) Tnrdc het, no t^o dieu ki?n cho sy luu hanh thdng tin va doi thoai Sau n&a, dac tinh sieu van ban \-an ban dan dai den van ban khac bdi cac duong lien ket dien tii no khien dgc gia co tinh tich cyc (Landow 2005) Tat ca nhihig dieu deu gan vdi sy dan chu, vi ty thong tin luon la "hon da tang" ciia dan chu Tren thye te vdi viec md nhihig co hgi mdi doi thoai da phucmg, Internet da tao mot khong gian ty eho ddi song du luan ciia ngudi dan Vi?t Nam noi ehung va ngudi dan viing DTTS noi rieng Internet tao co hgi cho tat ca mgi ngudi duge tiep can va chia se thong tin, khong phan biet sac toe, dan tgc, gidi tinh, tuoi tac, nghe nghiep, dia vi xa hgi Diing nhu nhan dinh cua S Sassen (2002), Intemet chinh la mgt phuong tien trung gian de nhiing ngudi thudng bi xem la "khong phai tinh hoa" dong gop vao mgt xa hgi dan sy dan ehii ban Noi each khac, no cho phep tat ea cac nhom bi loai trir tham gia vao cae qua trinh dan chii De tmy cap Intemet so lieu khao sat ciia chiing toi cho thay, ngudi dan chii >eu su dyng dien thoai thong minh (smartphone) thay vi cac thiet h\ khac, khong ehi vi no CO su "hgi ty cong nghe" (da chiic nang), ma vi no thuan ticn vice sir dung Trong so 83,7% thong tin vien cho biet co su dung di?n thoai, co Idi mgt nira sii dyng di?n thoai thdng minh, va hSu het nhung 20S0 ngudi sir dung Internet eiing la nhihig ng su dung dien thoai thong minh (937 vDien tho^i thong minh thyc ic van la m thii tai san kha co gia tri %di nhieu ngiroi dan vimg DTTS \iing ngoai vi vi'-'^^'j^ duge mgt chiec dien tho^i thong minh la mgt sy c6 gang nhSt djnh: Dien thogi cua tdi mua trd gop hdng thdng Da ' " " ^ / ' ^ dugc ddu thdng ndm tram ngdn! ^g'^^' cd minh phdi co chu, ngudi ta mua duac minh cang phdi mua dugc Thai buoi Id thoi hudi cong ngh4 md (nam, 40 tuoi, ngudi M'Nong xa Yang Tao, huyen Lak, tinh Dak Lak) Ngugc lai, d khu vye trung tam, dien thoai thong minh het siic bien, va viec khong co no se bj xem la mgt sy I?: Bdy gia md khong dung no thi co ma khong binh thuong dl (nam, 40 tu6i, ngudi Niing, thi tran That Khe, huyen Trang Djnh, tinh Lang Son) Co the noi, bdc d-anh DLXH d vimg DTTS hien lien quan nhieu den nhftng dieu kien ve trayen thong ma sy giao lim vdi the gidi ben ngoai dan tgc, ngoai dia phuong, tham chi ngoai dat nude cua ngudi dan dugc cai thien 2.2 Nhimg thay doi ve ngi dung vd hinh thirc du ludn xa hgi viing ddn toe thieu so Toan cau hoa tac dgng manh me den qua trinh hinh DLXH cua vimg DTTS v6 ea ngi dung va hinh thuc * Noi dung Dudi tac dgng ciia toan cau hoa, ngudi dan viing DTTS Viet Nam khong chi gidi han "mo hinh quan tam" d nhimg su kien, hien tugng cd anh hudng true ti|p den minh nhu tmdc (Cantril, 1966) Do su biing n6 cua eong nghe thong tin, ngudi dan noi day cang quan tam nhieu hem din nhihig van de xS hgi, khong chi d dia phuong ma ca d ngoai pham vi dan tgc Tic dOng ciia dia phucmg, vimg mien, cd the la nhiing van de rgng Idn mang tinh toan eau nhu nhiem moi truong, khiing bo, buon ngudi xuyen bien gidi, buon ban hang gia nhiem moi tnrdng toan cau la van de dugc ngudi dan de cap kha nhieu Tuy nhien, ehiem vi tri quan trgng moi quan tam eua du luan vimg DTTS van la nhirng van de thiet than cua ngudi dan d dia phuong, d6 noi b^t nhdt chinh la van de sinh ke: su suy thoai cua dat dai va nguon nude san xuat anh hudng ciia nhiem moi truong; tinh trang bi v6 hieu hoa ciia tri thuc ban dia nong nghiep; sy phu thugc bat kha khang ciia hg gia dinh vao he thong kinh te ben ngoai; su bat binh dang thu nhap va viec tiep can cdc CO hgi phat trien; viec dugc den bu tu li?u san xuat chua thoa dang tir cac du an phat trien Nhung van de it nhieu deu CO lien quan den cac gia tri mdi - cai duge hinh bdi toan cau hoa Trong do, dang ehii y nhat la nhiing van de lien quan den y thiic ve quyen ngudi va tgc ngudi 25 sat ngudi dan, co the thay: Khi hg cam thSy can len tieng ve mgt van d^ cua dja phucmg hg thudng su dung nhimg each thuc quan phuong {vi du thong qua cac to chuc chinh tri - xa hgi) nhung qua buc xiic vdi mgt van de gi cua dia phuong thi hg se dua y kien len mang xa hgi Theo hg, mang xa hgi la noi ma nhieu ngudi se biet den cau chuyen hg muon noi, nhd d6 cau chuyen se Ian xa hon muc ehd doi Vi dja diem: D Croteau va W Hoynes (2003) timg nhan djnh, Intemet da pha tan sy each biet ve mat dja ly giiia nhihig ngudi tuong tac DLXH vimg DTTS hien ciing tuong tu, khong eo mgt khong gian "vat chat" nao ton tai giiia ngudi dua thong tin va ngudi tiep nh^n, vi khong gian ao da xoa nhoa mgi ranh gidi: Thai buoi cong nghe thdng tin rdi, ddu phdi nhu ngdy xua Anh em bdy gid mudn noi chuyen gi cung khong cdn phdi tu tap vdi mdi noi dugc (nam, 53 tuoi, ngudi Thai, to 7, thi tran Song Ma, Song Ma, Son La) R.D Putnam (1995) timg lo ngai rang, * Hinh thirc nhiing xu hudng ky thuat dang "rieng tu Vi doi lugng: Trude day, ngudi dan hoa" hoac "ca nhan hoa" mgt edeb triet de thudng chi trao doi thong tin vdi nhiing ngudi viee chiing ta sir dung thdi gian ranh roi, than quen Nhung hien tai, ben canh nhiing va vi vay cong dong eua chiing ta se trd moi quan he truyen thdng, nhd Intemet va nen rgng nhung ndng hon Tuy nhien, cae phuong tien ky thuat so ma ngudi ta co d nhieu truong hgp nghien cuu cua chiing the de dang tiep xiic vdi ngudi khac (ke ea toi, ngudi dan khing dinh viee chi gap nhung ngudi xa la) mgt khong gian ao gd gian tiep qua phuong tien ky thuat so Noi each khac, Intemet ket noi nhiing khong lam giam di moi quan he ciia hg vdi ngudi tir cae nen tang da dang lai vdi nhiing ngudi khac cong dong Ngugc M6i ngudi se trd mgt di6m mgt lai, tren goc nao do, no co the lam tap hgp lien ket, su trai rgng ciia tap hgp ay cho moi quan he ay gan bo hon: Ai cUng ••\T,rgt xa nhiing gi ma ngudi sir dyng co the ban ran cd, hit viec muu sinh lai den viec tudng tugng" (Shields, 1996: 7) Vdi nhi^u nhd cua nen cdphdi luc nao cQngggp tinh nang eiia mang xa hgi, nhung ngudi dugc ddu, chinh nha cai dien thoai md vdn tham gia vao cac thuc hanh lien quan d^n tri dugc su giao tiep thudng xuyen du luan se de dang trao d6i, Xhk hien y ki6n Chia se voi dugc nhieu chuyen cd vk nhiing van de minh quan tam Qua khao chung nhiiu moi quan tdm //"' "' ''"^~ 26 thief lai tdng len dy chu! (nir 35 tu6i nguai Ta\, khu 1, thi trin Thdt Khe, Trang Dinh, Lang Son) Day cung chinh la mgi dieu kien thuan Igi cho viec tang eudng siic song ciia cac thyc hanh lien quan d^n du luan d ngudi dan Vi thai diem: Cac phuong tien tni\c'n thong k> thuat sd da xda di nhieu gidi han ciia sy tuong tac \e mat thdi gian hay noi each khac la xoa di nhieu gidi han \ e nhihig khoang thdi gian (rieng tu) duac mac dinh la khong nen tuong tae (gid an gid ngii, ) \'icc \am ph^m thdi gian rieng tu ciia ngmn khac c6 the khong hi eoi la van de Idn, bdi ngudi tiep nhan thong tin cd the lya chgn "dap 1^ thong tin" lap tiic hay khong: Bdy gid chuyi'n liin lac rat thugn lien, liic ndo cung dugc chu khong nhu rrrn-L Cd nhimg viec khong trao ddi sdm de quyet djnh Id 15 mat thdi diem (nam, 56 tuoi, ngudi Thai, khu 11, thi trSn Nhrtmg Te, Mudng Te Lai Chau) I '[• cdch thuc: Vdi viec can nhac \'e cac thong tin trude trao doi, chi 21,2% so ngudi dugc hoi cho biet se trao doi sau nhan duge thong tin, eon 49,4% suy nghi kT roi mdi trao doi va 27,7% tiiy theo van de ma quyet dinh (Bang 1) Nhu vay, CO tdi hon 3/4 sd ngudi duge hoi bgc Id sy th^n trgng \ iec Dieu na> dugc giai thich rang; Bdy gid ddn tri md mang han thong tin lai cd nhiiu nen phdi cdn nhac, noi gt cung nghi ki rdi moi noi Nhdt la minh trao doi vdi nguai cua chinh quyin va dodn the ve nhirng cdi cd lien quan den quyen Igi ciia ddn tdc minh minh khong the ndi bita duac Day cUng Id trdch nhiem cong ddn nxia (nam, 61 tuoi, ngudi Thai, khoi thi tran Tan Lac, Quy Chau, Nghe An) Khi xem xet viec moi tuong quan vdi \ iec sii dung Internet, ed the thl\ nhihig ngudi su dung Intemet chinh Thdng Mn Khoa hpc xfi hOt ^-^ ° OQSO la nhihig ngudi can nhac th^n ttgng hem c vigc trao doi thong tin (xem Bang Bang I:Thdidii-m trao d6i nhOng'hfing"" qiinn trpng sau tiep nh^nj^^ C6sO' dyng Internet Khong su dyng ChunS Intemet Trao doi 12,9 26,3 Suy nghT kt roi mis'i trao doi 57,8 44.2 49,4 Tiiy vjio limg iogi lin vin de m i suy nghT kT ho?ic trao dot 28.6 27,2 27,7 Khdc 0,7 2,2 i,6 Khi khong dong y vdi each giai quyet ciia can bg xa/thi trdn mgt van de cu th^ (cau hoi cho phep chgn nhieu dap an), 55,7% ngudi dugc hoi chgn giai phap thao luan, tranh luan de tim cai diing, 55,0% chgn giai phap dua van de xin y kien d cac euge hgp thon/ban/buon/ap, 20,2% chgn giai phap tap hgp mgi ngudi xung quanh de ciing giai quyet, 12,1% ebon giai phap viet don to cao, chi 8,7% chgn giai phap phan doi gay gat bang Idi noi va 0,6% ehgn giai phap dimg via luc (Bang 2) Khi khong d6ng y vdi each giai quyet cua can bg d thon/ban/buon/ap, sy lya chgn ciia ngudi dan cung gan tuong ty Trong do, nhGng ngudi sir dung Intemet to san sang hon vdi tat ea cae giai phap, trir giai phap bat hgp phap la dimg vu luc D£ cac cip chinh quyen biet den y y^^ eiia minh, cac each thuc chinh ciia nguai dan la di xuSt thong qua cac kenh nhu can bg thon/ban/buon/ap tren dia ban (82%) ngudi CO uy tin cong dong sinh s6ng (48,4%), cac to chirc chinh tri - xS hgi nhy doan nien, hgi phu nir, hgi eyu chign binh (42,5%) Cac each thuc dugc ngufj, dan sir dung it hon la: de xuat thong qua c^c TacdOngcua 27 thay each thiic de xuat y ki^n eiia ngudi dan nhin chung kha phong phu Dac biet, nhimg Co sii Khong ngydi su dyng Intemet - mgt lan dung sir dung Chung niia - co su sin sang dang ke hon Intemet Intemet nhung ngudi khac hong \'iec lya I Thao luan, tranh luan cimg 61,5 52,2 55,7 chgn cac each thiic da dang dh cdn bp de lim cai dung T i p hgfp mpi nguai xung phan anh nhung y kien cua minh 22,0 19,1 20,2 quanh de ciing giai quyet tdi cae cap chi'nh quyen (xem Phan d6i gay g^t b^ng Icri noi 10,6 7,5 8.7 Bang 3) Dua vdn d^ xin y l