Von xa hoi hoat dong sinh ke ciia ngirol Ca dong viing tai dinh cu' Thiiy dien song Tranh (nghien ciru tai Thon 6, xa Tra Bui, huyen Bac Tra My, tinh Quang Nam)' Bui Thi Bich Lan'*' Tom tat: Thdi gian qua, de phuc hoi sinh ke cho nhO'ng cgng ddng chiu dnh hudng tir cdc du dn phdt trien, cdc chinh sdch ho trg cita Nhd nude vd cdc td chirc qudc te da qud tap trung vdo muc tieu Idm the ndo de cdi thien ngudn vdn tu nhien, vdn vdt chdt, vdn Idi chinh, Trong do, vdn xd hgi - mgt nguon lire vd hinh nhung cung la v6 hgn phdt trien bin vung lgi chua thuc su dugc quan tdm thoa ddng Bdi viet Idm ro vai trd ciia "vdn xa hoi" mdi quan he vdi "phdt trien sinh ki ", sir suy gidm vai trd cita nguon von ndy da cd dnh hudng nhu thi ndo den viic cdi thien chdt luang sinh ki ciia ngudi Ca dong viing tdi dinh cu Kit qud nghien ci'ni co y nghia tham khdo viic xdy dung va hogch dinh chinh sdch phuc hdi vd dn dinh sinh ke ciia nhimg cdng dong bi dnh hudng cdc du dn phdt trien a Viet Nam hiin Tir khda: Vdn xa hgi, Sinh kl, Tai dinh cu, Ngudi Ca dong, Thiiy dien song Tranh 2, Quang Nam Abstract: In order to restore the livelihood of vulnerable communities affected by the development projects, both the State's and international organizations' support policies have so far biasedly focused on the goal of how to improve their natural, physical, and financial capitals, etc Meanwhile, social capital - an intangible (also infinite) resource in sustainable development, has not been yet paid proper attention The paper clarifies the role of "social capital" in relation to "livelihood development" and how its decline has affected the improvement of the livelihoods of Ca dong ethnic people in resettlement area The research outcome can be used as reference in policy formulation and planning for livelihood restoration and stabilization of project affected communities in Vietnam today Kepvords: Social Capital, Livelihoods, Resettlement, Ca dong People, Song Tranh Hydropower, Quang Nam ' Bai viat la niQt phSn k6t qua nghien ciiu ciia Da tai cSp Bo (2019-2020) "Sinh Vk ciia nguoi Co-tu viing tai djnh cu Thiiy dien A Vuong va nguoi Ca dong (Xa-dang) viing tai dinh cu- Thuy dien song Tranh 2, tinh Quang Nam" TS Bui Thj Bich Lan va TS Nguyen Thi Tam d6ng chu nhiem '•* TS., Vien Dan t^c hpc, Vien Han lam Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam; Email: buibichlan@gmail.com 40 Thing Hn Khoa hgc xt hot su -iJ-'^ M n dau Tireudi nhiing nam 1990, "Vdn \ a hdi" cang nhan duge sy quan lam tranh luan ciia cae nha nghien ciiu d Viet Nam va tren the gidi Theo Pierre Boudier, vdn \ a hdi la *'mdt tap hgp cac ngudn lyc hien hiiu hoac tiem tang, gan vdi viec sd hiiu mgt mang ludi ben vthig gdm cae mdi quan he quen biet hoac tiiira nhan lan it nhiiu dugc the ehe hda" (Dan theo: Nguyen Qu\ Thanh, 2016: 22) hien nghien ciiu, xem xet ve \ on sa hgt cu^ ngudi Ca dong ttong boat Jong sinh kc o dia ban nghien eiiu Ndi dung cua bai Mel nhim tra loi cho cau hdi: ngudn \on xa hdi da tlia> ddi va cd tac Jong nhu the nao ldi qua trinh dn dinh phuc hdi sinh ke cua cgng ddng ngudi Ca dong sau tai dinh cu? PhiTOTig phap vk dja ban nghien eihi Vdi phuong phap diln da dan tdc hgc la chu dao, chung ldi da thyc hien cac cugc phdng vin sau, thao luan nhdm vdi ngudi O Viet Nam mac du cdn nhieu tranh Ca dong d dja ban nghien cim (vao thang luan ve van de nhung cac nha nghien 8/2019 va thang 2/2020) Ddi ttrgng phdng ciiu deu CO ban thdng nhat rang, vdn xa hdi vin sau (18 ngudi) da dang ve tiidi, bao gdm cac the che, mdi quan he va cae gidi linh, trinh van hda, dieu kien kinh gia tri nhu long tin quy tic hanh xir ehi tl, Phdng vin duong dai dugc ket hgp phdi mgi sy luong tae giiia ngudi vdi \ di phdng vin hoi cd de dimg lai biie tranh eon ngudi va tir dd gdp phan vao sy phat boat dgng sinh kl cua ngirdi dan tmdc va Irien kinh te Cang nhiing ngudi yeu the, sau lai djnh cu 05 cuge thao luan nhdm cd thu nhap thap, eang phai tdng cudfng cho da dugc thire hien vdi ddi tugng chii yeu hg "ngudn lyc mem" (Nguyen Vdn Phiie va la can bd thude cac ban nganh dia phuong (07 ngudi) va ngudi dan Ca dong d dja ban cdng sy, 2014) nghien cuoi (29 ngudi) Ngi dung thao luan Trong ITnh vye khoa hge xa hgi, nghien lien quan den chu de nhu thyc trang sinh ke cuTJ ve vdn xa hdi khdng edn la chu de mdi cua ngirdi dan, nhiing thuan Igi, khd khan me, cac nghien eiiu (Xem: Ngujen Duy ttong chuyen ddi sinh ke va vai trd cua vdn Thang, 2007; Nguyen Van Phuc \ a cgng xa hdi qua trinh chuyen ddi sy, 2014: Nguyen Quy Thanh, 2016) da lam rd dugc vai ttd, mdi lien he cua ngudn Ci khu vye mien Tmng, da cd khdng vdn dcri sdng sinh ke cua cac it cac cdng trinh thuy dien dugc xay dyng cdng ddng, tdc ngudi nhirng thap nien qua Trong dd, Quang Cd nhieu each tiep can khac ve Nam dugc xem la mgt sd nhiing dia cac td cua vdn xa hdi Tren co sd ban CO nhieu cdng trinh thuy dien nhit ca long hgp eac quan diem va dya vao bdi nude Vdi dien tieh chi hon 01 trieu va canli dae thu cua Viet Nam, Nguyen Quy dan sd hem 1,5 trieu ngucri nhung tinh Thanh (2016: 99) eho rang, cau tnic eua hien cd 47 cdng trinh thuy dien (gim 10 "vdn xa hdi" bao gdm mgng ludi quan hi cdng trinh Idn, 37 cdng trinh nhd va vira) vd hgi, long tin xd hdi va sy tuong lac cua (Tri Tin, 2012) Cdng lac di dan tai dinh hai Id chinh la ''su tham gia xa cu xay dyng cac cdng trinh thiiy dien d hgi" Mudn xiic djnh miic vdn xa hgi hien miln Tmng cung nhu tinh Quang Nam dang tai eung nhu xu the cua nd can phai danh dat kha nhieu van de, ttong dd cd viec gia eac td dd Chung toi dua vao quan dn dinh ddi sdng cho ddng bao cac dan tgc diim ciia Nguyen Quy Thanh thuc thilu so - nhiing cgng ddng de bi ton thuong Vdn xa h41 \'a khd tiip can vdi cac ngudn luc de phat trien Nhihig he luy ciia tai dinh cu thuy dien din chuyin ddi sinh ke van cdn dang kha "ndng" d mgt sd dia ban, ttong dd cd ngucri Ca dong' a Thiiy dien sdng Tranh Khdi cdng nam 2006, cdng trinh Thuy dien sdng Tranh dugc xay dyng tten vimg dat xa Tra Bui, huyen Bac Tra My, tmh Quang Nam Viec xay dimg nha may Thuy di?n Sdng Tranh da khien cho loan bg dat ndng nghiep cua xa Tra Bui tmdc day bi ngap long hd va da phan cac hg dan ttong xa phai di doi den khu tai dinh cir' Sau dgt di ddi (tir nam 2006 den 2009), xa Tra Bui bao gdm thdn, ten thdn dugc dat theo so thii ty tir den Tir 01/4/2019, Thdn da dugc lap tren CO so hgp nhat loan bg dien tich, dan sd cua Thdn 1, Thdn va mgt phan dien tieh, dan sd Thdn Hien tai Thdn cd 266 hd/1.240 khau, do, nguoi Ca dong cd 204 hd, ngudi Mndng 54 hd va ngudi Kinh hg Theo ket qua soat hd ngheo cua xa ndm 2019, Thdn eo ty le bg ngheo kha cao vdi 60,8%; long dien tieh tu nhien la 4.718,794 ' Nguai Ca dong, mot nhom cua dan toe Xo-dang, CO dSn so khoang tren 32.000 nguai (Ban Dan toe tinh Quang Nam, 2019), phSn bo chu yeu mi^n nui tinh Quang Nam (huyen Nam Tra My va BJc Tr^ My), cac nhom lai tap trung a phia Bac tinh Kon Tum • Hi§n x5 Tra Bui, huySn BSc Tra My, tinh Quang Nam co 385 hQ/6,360 nhan khau, do, ngudi Ca dong ehiem da s6 vcri 1.128ho/5.223 khau, chi^m 82,1%; Mnong c6 195 h6/869 khSu, chiSm 14.09%, c6n lai la Kinh, Co, Co-tu Thai, Nam 2019, h6 ngheo loan xa la 879 ho, chi^m 63,5% Ngoai san xuat nong nghiep, lam thue la nhung ho^t dpng sinh k^ chii ySu thi khai thac nguSn Igi tu nhien van d6ng vai tro tircmg doi quan trong dam bao smh ke cua mpt si hp gia dinh vcri viec khai Ihdc lam san phu Thucmg mai, dich vu chi chifim khoang 2,09% tSng thu nh^p toan xa (Uy ban nhdn din x3 Tra Bui, 2019) 41 ha, ttong dd dien lich dit d la 10,79 (0,23%); dien tich dat san xuat ndng nghiep la 692.84 (14,68%); dien tich dit lam nghiep la 3.245,15 (68,77%); va dien tich dit khac la 770,02 (16,32) (Uy ban nhan dan xa Tra Bui, 2019) Thyc trang sinh ke cua ngudi Ca dong d noi tai dinh cu Trong cac boat dgng sinh kl cua ngudi Ca dong Thdn d noi tai dinh cu, ngoai ttdng trgt, chdn nudi, budn ban nhd, khai thac ngudn Igi lu nhien thi da xuat hien tiiem hoat ddng lam thue, lam an xa Trdng ttgt van la boat dgng sinh ke chinh va chiu nhieu tac ddng nhat cua tai dinh cu thuy dien, the hien sy thay ddi Idn ve co cau cay ttdng, dien tich, ky thual va nang suat trgt Phuong an den bu dat san xuat va hoa mau tren dat dugc ngudi dan lya ehgn la quy tien mat nen dien tich dat canh lac hien cua mdi hd gia dinh ehu yeu ngudi dan ty khai pha va mgt phan la dimg tien den bu de mua lai dat ciia ngudi Mndng sd tai Kel qua thao luan nhdm vdi lanh dao thdn cho thay, Thdn cd khoang 80% sd hg lam lua ray, 100% sd hg trdng keo, 20% sd hd trdng que va 19% sd hg dang ttdng thu nghiem eay tram tren dien tieh dit ddi rimg Mgt sd loai cay an qua nhu cam, xoai, chdm ehdm, buoi chu yeu dugc ngudi dan ttdng vudn nha, nhien dien tich dat nhd hep (tmng binh 400m^/hg) nen chua dem lai hieu qua kinh tl cao Do dia hinh ddc, dat dai khd cin nen nang suat cac loai cay luong thuc va hoa mau tten ray thap hon nhieu so vcri noi d cii Trong bdi canh dd, cay keo bat diu xuit hien ttong co cau cay trdng cua ngudi dan noi day vao dau nhirng nam 2000 Do thich nghi dugc vdi dieu kien dat dai da bac mau, chi phi dau tu thap nen cay ttdng nhanh ehdng dugc md rgng dien Th6ng Hn Khoa hgc xt Mt i>o l-*-^-^ tieh va den da ttd cay ttong chu lyc d day Tu\ nhien theo tinh loan ciia chung ldi, dii thu dugc 15-20 ttieu ddng/ha/ vu keo tir 5-7 nam (tu Uiuong ty khai tiiac va van chuyen) thi lgi nhuan ma ngudi dan thu dugc la khdng dang ke sau da trir di sd cong phat ra\ va cham sdc Ket qua khao sat cho thay, hoai ddng chan nudi cua ngucri dan d Thdn dii dang gdp phin cai thien thu nhap cho cae hd gia dinh nhung so vdi noi cu, SQ lugng da bi suy giam hon nhieu Ngoai mgt sd it hd ed sd lugng dan gia sue tten dudi 20 thi da sd cac hg van ch5n nudi vdi quy md nhd le, it cham sdc dau tu ky thuat dich benh nhieu va nhat la thieu ngudn thirc an, bai chan tha nen hieu qua thap Ciing gidng nhu cu dan d mgt sd vimg tai djnh cu thuy dien khac, thieu dat san xuat va chat lugng dat kem nen \ iec da dang hda cac hoat ddng sinh ke la lat yeu Trong dd, ndi len xu hirdng ly ndng va ly huong (nhal la d ciie hg mdi tach) de lim kiem viee lam d cac tmng tam, cac phd Idn (thanh phd Tam Ky Da Nang, Binh Duong) vdi tdng sd khoang 40-50 lao dgng Cdng viec chu yeu la phu hd (nam gidi) va cdng nhan khu cdng nghiep (nu gidi) Ngoai ra, vdi su phat ttien ciia cay keo, nhieu ngucri dan cdn lam thue tai dia phuong cho ngudi Kinh hoae ngudi ddng tdc radt sd cdng doan nhu phat ray, ttdng, khai thac \ a van chuyen keo vdi raiic thu lao khoang 150-200 nghui dong/ngay Budn ban nhd chi thu hut sy tham gia cua mgt so hd, chu yeu la kinh doanh tap hda vdi cae mat hang thiet yeu, phuc vu nhu cau sinh boat hang cua ngudi dan Khai thac ty nhien van dugc tti, luy ngudn lgi thu dugc khdng thudng xuyen nhimg gdp phan dap ling phin nao ngudn thyc pham hang Mgt sd hg cd ngudn thu nhap dang ke tir viec khai thac ca> may cay ddt san cd ttong rimg dl ban cho cac tu tiiuong ngudi Kinh Von xa hgi hoat dgng sinh kc cua Dgiroi Ca dong if noi tai djnh cu Nhu da d l cap, vdn xa hgi cd vai ttd quan trgng ttong phat ttiin ben vihig noi ehung va ddi sdng sinh kl ndi rieng cua moi hg gia dinh \ a cdng dong ngudi Ca dong Trude tai dinh cu cung nhu hien nay, ngudn \ d n dugc ngirdi Ca dong d Thdn phat huy mgt each tich cue cac ho^t dgng sinh kl Ben canh viec tti cac moi quan he truyen thdng, hg eung dang cd xu hudng md rgng mang luoi ciia minh thi gidi ben ngoai Ngudn vdn xa hdi khdng chi la cho dya eua cac ca nhan vl mdt tinh thin, tinh cam ma dem lai su ho trg ve tai chinh, cdng lao ddng, tim kiem viec lam, Tuy nhien, sy tae dgng eua nin kinh te thi tmdng cgng them nhiing eo che, chinh sach tai dinh cu khien cho ngudn vdn xa hgi eua cgng dong da va dang cd xu hudng bien ddi, anh hudng tryc tiep den phat trien sinh ke cua hd gia dinh, cu the la: a) Vi tinh co kit mgng ludi xa hgi truyen thdng Quy luat ciia nen kinh te thj trudng va nhiing thay ddi tai dinh cu mang lai da eo tac dgng khdng nhd tdi tinh chat cae moi quan he xa hdi tmyen thdng Ap lyc tim kiim viec lam va thu nhap sau lai dinh eu cang gia tang da dan den hau qua la eac vien mang ludi xa hdi bdt di sy quan lam, se ehia lan va khdng cdn su kit ndi chat che nhu tmdc Y Ihiic eoi ttgng cac quyin lgi, nghia vu ciia ca nhan ddi vdi gia dinh, ddng hg va cdng dong cung din suy giam Tinh trang lao dgng di cu da khien cho khdng it vien cgng ddng hiem cd dip doan tu, trir cac dip le tet va vi the ma sy luong Vdn xd hot ttg giiia hg ttong cac boat ddng sinh ke ttd nen Idng leo hon Hien nay, hinh thiic ddi cdng tmyen thdng da hi pha vd bdi tu cua nen kinh tl thi tmdng va ca nhiing xao ttdn ve ncri cu tni Mgt ttong nguyen tac chinh ma Ngan hang The gidi (WB) hay Ngan hang Phat trien Chau A (ADB) yeu cau ddi vdi chinh sach xay dyng khu tai dinh cu, tai dinh canh la phai tti cac dac diem cdng ddng The nhung, d Dy an Thiiy dien sdng Tranh 2, viec bo tri vi tti nha d tai dinh eu theo hinh thiic bdc tham (dii khdng nhan dugc su ddng tinh tir phia ngudi dan) da khien cho mang ludi quan he lang gieng vdn duge bdi dap qua nhieu the be khdng cdn khdng gian de tdn tai Do thieu thdi gian tucmg tac, cac hd gia dinh khdng tranh khdi cam giae lac Idng va phai mat mgt thdi gian dai mdi cd the lao I^p nhirng moi quan he lang gieng mdi Theo ket qua khao sat tai Thdn 6, cgng ddng lang gieng cu bi phan tan, ngudi dSn phai dinh cu d nhirng noi khdng mang ludi quen thugc thi ciing la luc hg mat di sy tuong ttg vdn cd ttong sinh ke Thay vi hinh thiic ddi cdng budc vao ihdi vy, viec thue mudn lao ddng da cang tto nen bien va dat nhieu kho khan, thach thiic cho nhOng hg gia yeu, neo don, benh tat, Hg cam thay hi cd lap va it nhan dugc sy ttg giup ve vai chat hay tinh cam, ca tir nhiing ngudi anh em hg hang gan Sy han che ve dien tich dat san xuat tai ncri d mdi eiang la radt ttong nhiing ly khien cho linh than tuong ttg tmdc day hi phai nhat va sinh cang nhieu nhiing mau thuan ve Igi ich Gia sue eua mgt sd hg chan nudi tha rdng da pha hoai hoa mau ciia cac hg khac, anh hudng khdng tich eye den mdi quan he cdng dong Tranh chap dat dai cung khdng hiira gap, dd la tinh ttang ngudi dan eho mugn dat canh lac va \ iec doi lai khdng de dang hg mugn dat dang chiu sire ep ve dat san xuat Hien lai, Thdn van cdn trudng hgp dang kien lung ve dit dai, chua dugc giai quyet diit diem Trong quan ly cdng ddng hien nay, he thdng quan phuong va phi quan phuong cimg song song ton tai Tuy nhien, mgt so chuan myc, gia tri, luat tyc cdng ddng cd xu hudng suy giam va ddi ngii nhiing ngudi ed uy tin chi lui vl vi tri bao luu, tmyen day v5n hda tmyin thdng thi nhirng chiic danh "quan phuong" (thudng la tie tudi, thieu kinh nghiem) van chua the thay the \'a dam nhiem tdt vai ttd quan ly cdng ddng Dii dang cd sy trao tmyen hay phdi hgp giiia cac the he ttong dieu hanh cac cdng viec chung nhung khong the phu nhan su hut bang, diit doan nhat dinh bd may quan ly edng ddng Dieu da cd anh hudng khdng tieh cyc den cdng tac tuyen tmyen, chi dao, hudng dan ngudi dan thye hien cac chu trucmg, dudng Idi ciia Dang va Nha nude, ttong cd cac md binh phat ttien sinh ke noi tai dinh cu b) Vi long tin xa hgi "Ldng tin xa hdi" duge xem la cd y nghTa quan ttgng sy hinh vdn xa hgi, nd chi miic tin tudng ciia ca nhan vdi ea nhan, gia dinh, hg hang, eac nhdm xa hdi Nghien cuu ve vai ttd cua Idng tin sy phat trien sinh ke, tac gia F Fukuyama cho rdng, muc long lin cao ttong cac quan he xa hdi se lam giam di cae chi phi giao dich, thdng tin va tao qua trinh giam sat hieu qua hon Moi ngucri la ttung lam cua mgt hinh trdn va hg ed ban kinh tin tudng vdi nhiing ngudi xung quanh, ban kinh cang Idn thi cang cd tac dgng tich cue tdi sinh ke (Dan theo: Nguyin Quy Thanh, 2016: 51) Thing Hn Khon hgc x i hoi sO -0^^ Cdu chuyin ve thdng tin liin quan din cdng tdc den bii Mgt xa hgi minh bach \ e thdng tin se khien cac vien gia tang miic lin tudng va qua dd gia lang vdn xa hdi cho phat trien sinh kl Theo mgt nghien cuu, cac id chiie phi chinh phii trien khai dy an diu cd xu hudng minh bach hda cac boat ddng cua hg de ngudi dan dugc biel va hudng ling Diiu khien cho nhirng ngudi ngheo va nhihig nhdm yeu the cd co hgi dugc tiep can duge vdi nhiing ngudn luc giup hg cd the thoat ngheo Khi minh bach thdng tin, chinh quyen se nhgn lai tir phia ngudi dan su tin ludng, sy ung hg can hgp tac trien khai nhirng cdng \iee chung (Khuc Thj Thanh Van 2013) tin ciia ngudi dan vdi bg ma\ chinh qi'> ^•"• vdi Nha nude Cdu chuyen vc ddng sdng "chet : Xa Tra Bui cd ddng sdng Idn chay qua la sdng Tranh \ a sdng Bui Theo ldi cua mgt gia lang (nam, 79 tudi) dong song Bui chay dgc qua lang von xanh, hien hda va dem lai ngudn thuy san rat ddi dao cho ngudi dan Thdn Tir nhiing nam 2008, 2009 din na> vdi danh nghia "tham dd khoang san" d day mgt cdng ty da tien hanh khai thac vang vdi cdng suat Idn Dat thai, xai quang thai dd thdng xudng sdng khiin mdi Irudng hi d nhiem nghiem ttgng, anh hirdng tryc tiep den san xuat va sue khde cua hang ngan ngudi dan Nguon ca Idm hoan loan bien mat, ddng song Bui "oin minh" ganh chat thai nen cd mau Vdi nhiing cdng ddng bi ban ehe ve trang due hoae mau tro, ddi chuyen cac phuong tien thdng tin dai chiing eiing mau den bat thucmg, bdc mui ndng nac ciia nhu sy nhay ben vdi nen kinh te thi tmdng hda ehat, nhat la ve mua he Mat nguon thi viec minh bach thdng tin lai eang quan Igi thuy san, thu hep khdng gian chan tha trgng, nhat la ed cac dy an trien khai gia sue, nhiem ngudn nude sinh hoat va Tuy nhien, ket qua thao luan nhdm cho khdng khi, la nhirng tae ddng hien hiiu, thay, nam 2005, lgi dung viec ngudi dan anh hudng nghiem trgng den siic khde khong nam dugc thdng tin ve Dy an Thiiy va sinh ke, khien nguoi dan d Thdn vd dien sdng Tranh 2, radt bd phan ngudi ciing lo Idng, biic xuc Trong eac euge tiep Kinh da nhanh chdng thu mua dugc mgt xuc eii tri, nhiing phan hdi, giai thich ciia dien lich kha Idn dat ray va dat trdng rimg chinh quyen dia phuong va eae ban nganh (udc tinh toi gan 100 ha) ciia hon 50% sd lien quan ve van nan tten khdng lam voi hg ngudi Ca dong d Thdn va Thdn cii di nhiing hue xiic cua ngudi dan Theo kit (Thdn hien nay) Thac mac dugc nguoi qua thao luan nhdm, 6/8 y kien cho ring, dan dat la neu chinh quyen dia phuong mgt sd can bg dia phuong cd bieu hien bao va Ban quan ly du an kip thdi phd bien ehe, tiep tay cho cae boat dgng khai thac, thdng tin va tham van cgng ddng van chuyen, che bien khoang san, lam quy trinh bdi thudng, den bu tai dinh cu san trai phep Y thiic chip hanh cae chu thi rat cd the, ngudi dan da bao ve dugc truong, chinh sach ciia Dang, Nha nude va tai san eua minh Van de khdng chi dia phuong d mgt bg phan ngucri dan anh hudng true tiep, nang ne den ngudn cang ban che da cho thay muc dd suy giam vdn tu nhien, vdn tai chinh phuc hdi long tin cua hg vdi bd may chinh quyin sinh ke d noi tai dinh cu ma cdn lac dgng Mil di sy tin can ddng nghTa vdi vi?c suy khdng tich cue ldi mdi quan he tgc ngudi giam mirc dg tham gia xa hdi ciia ngudi (Kinh - Ca dong) va nhit la suy giam Idng Vdn xt hgt dan ttong qua ttinh phat trien kinh le - xa hgi cua dia phuong, cung la suy giam vdn xa hdi cua hg phat trien sinh ke Theo ket qua khao sat, rat nhieu md hinh chuyen doi cay trdng, vat nudi, xda ddi giam ngheo da dugc trien khai d Thdn nhung miic ddn nhan, hudfng ling cua ngudi dan chua cao Khi niem tin khdng cdn, mgt bd phan ngudi dan, dd cd ca ngudi Ca dong, ca nhiing can bg, dang vien da tien hanh nhung hoat dgng sinh ke bat chap cac quy dinh cua Nha nude va sy ngdn cam cua chinh quyen, nhu quay ve noi d cii de canh tac, pha rimg, khai thac go ttai phep sudt thdi gian qua Ket luan Vdn xa hdi khdng hoan loan tich cyc, nhung neu biet each khai thac, nd cd the trd dgng lyc quan trgng ttong phat Irien sinh ke, nhat la d nhiing edng ddng kem phat trien Dii dugc bieu hien d dang vd hmh, khdng dong dem dugc nhu vdn vat chat hay vdn tai chinh, nhung tren thuc le, vdi linh vd ban, nd da chiing minh dugc vai ttd quan trgng phat trien ben vung Ldng tin xa hdi va miie tham gia cac td chiic xa hgi cang cao thi vdn xa hdi cang Idn va ngugc lai Cang nhiing ngudi yeu the, cd thu nhap thap, cang phai tang cuong cho hg "ngudn lyc mem" Nh&ng phan tich ttong bai viet da cho thay, viec suy giam mgt sd gia tri, chuan myc va long tin da khien cho cac mdi quan h? xa hdi phan nao ttd nen thieu ben chat, cimg la sy suy giam "sire de khang" cua cac hoat ddng sinh ke tmdc nhung bien dgng Ciia tai dinh cu va nen kinh te thi tmdng Vi vay, vdi ngudi d ^ d Thdn 6, viec tang cuong tinh cd ket ttong mang ludi xa hgi va xay dyng long tin ciia ngudi dan vdi chinh quyen, vdi cac chii tiuong, chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nude la vin d l khdng thi xem 45 nhe Dieu dang luu y la d nude ta hien nay, khdng chi cac cdng ddng yeu till ma ca cae nha quan ly, hoach dinh chinh sach cac du an tai dinh cu thuy dien ndi rieng va cac dy an phat ttien ndi chung van chua nhan thiic dugc da) dii vai trd, sire manh ciia vdn xa hgi Q Tai heu tham khao Ban Dan tdc tinh Quang Nam (2019), "Thyc hien chinh sach dan tgc d tinh Quang Nam, thyc ttang va nhiing van de dat ra", Bao cao thara luan tai Hgi thao khoa hgc Thuc trgng phdt trien kinh te - xd hgi cdc ddn toe thieu sd tgi ehd mien ndi Quang Nam vd mgt sd vdn de dgt ra, td ehiic 24/4/2019, Thanh phd Tara Ky Nguyen Van Phuc va cdng sy (2014), "Vdn xa hdi va tdng ttudng kinh te", Tgp chi Khoa hgc, Tmdng Dai hge Md, so 3, tt 3-15 Nguyen Quy Thanh (ehu bien, 2016), Phep dgc tam gidc vi von xa hoi cita ngirdi Viet Nam Mang ludi quan h^ long tin - sir tham gia, Nxb Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ndi, Ha Ndi Nguyin Duy Thang (2007), "Sii dung vdn xa hgi ttong chien luge sinh ke cua ndng dan ven Ha Ndi dudi tac ddng cua dd thi hda" Tap chi Xd hgi hgc, sd 4, tt 37 - 47 Uy ban nhan dan xa Tra Bui (2019), Bdo cdo kit qud thuc hiin nhiem vu phdt triin kinh li - xa hdi an ninh, qudc phong ndm 2019 vd phuong hudng, nhiem vu ndm 2020 Khuc Thi Thanh Van (chu bien, 2013), Tdc dong ciia von xd hgi den nong ddn qud trinh phdt trien ben vimg ndng thon viing ddng bdc Bdc bg (20102020), Nxb Khoa hgc xa hgi Ha Ngi ... 3 .24 5,15 (68,77%); va dien tich dit khac la 770, 02 (16, 32) (Uy ban nhan dan xa Tra Bui, 20 19) Thyc trang sinh ke cua ngudi Ca dong d noi tai dinh cu Trong cac boat dgng sinh kl cua ngudi Ca dong. .. thyc hien cac cugc phdng vin sau, thao luan nhdm vdi ngudi O Viet Nam mac du cdn nhieu tranh Ca dong d dja ban nghien cim (vao thang luan ve van de nhung cac nha nghien 8 /20 19 va thang 2/ 2 020 ) Ddi... tl cao Do dia hinh ddc, dat dai khd cin nen nang suat cac loai cay luong thuc va hoa mau tten ray thap hon nhieu so vcri noi d cii Trong bdi canh dd, cay keo bat diu xuit hien ttong co cau cay