Nghiên cứu các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến động lực lao động của cán bộ, công chức xã, phường trên địa bàn thị xã cai lậy, tỉnh tiền giang

Nghien culi cac nhan to anh hu'dng den dong lu'c lao dong cua can bo, cong chufc xa, phu'ofng tren dja ban thj xa Cai Lay, tinh Tien Gians; *-' PHtfdc VAN H^NHISGUYEN TH! NGOC HavEN" Tom t^t Bdi viet nghien ciiu cde nhdn td dnh hudng din dgng lUc ldm viic (DLLV) eiia edn bg, cong chdc (CBCC) xd, phudng trin dia bdn thixd Cai Lay, tinh Tien Giang Thong qua khdo sdt 354 CBCC xd, phudng eua Thi xd, nhom nghien cdu da tii'n hdnh phdn tich dinh lugng vd xdc dinh dugc nhdn to dnh hudng den DLLV cda CBCC Dd Id: Ddc diem cong viec; Su quan tdm cda lanh dao; Quan hi vdi dong nghiip; Cahgi ddo tgo vd thdng tii'n; Moi trUdng ldm viic; Luang vd phuc lgi Tii dd, de xudt hdm y chinh sdch nham tdng DLLV cua CBCC cdp xd, phudng tren dia bdn thi xd Cai Lay thdi gian tdi Tif khda: dgng luc ldm viic, thi xd Cai Lay, ngudn nhdn luc, cdn hg cong chdc Summary The paper clarifies factors affecting working motivation of cadres and civil servants at communal and ward levels in Cai Lay town, Tien Giang province Through a survey of 354 local cadres and civil servants, the research team conduct quantitative analysis and identify determinants of their working motivation, including Job characteristics; Attention of leaders; Relationship with colleagues; Training and promotion opportunities; Work environment; Salary and welfare From this finding, policy implications are proposed to strengthen their working motivation in the coming time Keywords: working motivation, Cai Lay town, human resources, cadres and civil sen'ants GlCfl THIEU nghTa cho thffc tidn thi xa Cai Lay, tinh Tien Giang Trong nhUng nam qua, nhin chung ddi ngu CBCC tinh Tien Giang ndi chung, thi xd Cai Lay ndi rieng CO Sd LY THUYET VA MO HINH ludn lam viec vdi tinh than trach nhiem cao, tich cffc NGHIEN CUlJ nghien cuM, hpc tap, ddi mdi cdch nghi, each Idm, ddng gdp cdng sffc, tri tue gdp phan thffc hidn thang ldi Cd sof ly thuyd't nhiem vu chung cua Tinh DLLV la td't ca nhffng boat ddng, ma De dap ffng yeu cau va ndng cao sU hai long ciia doanh nghiep cd the thUc hidn dupe ddi ngUdi ddn bdi canh mdi, thi CBCC phai cd tnnh vdi ngffdi lao ddng, tac ddng de'n kha dp chuydn mdn td't, ddng thdi phai cd ddng cd ldm nang lam vide tinh thdn thdi dp lam viec viec lot Tuy nhien, mffc Iffdng va phu ca'p cdn thd'p nham dem lai hieu qua cao lao khien DLLV ciia CBCC xd, phUdng khdng cao VI the, ddng Tao ddng Iffc gan lien vdi ldi ich nghien cu\i cdc nhan td anh hffdng de'n DLLV ciia cac hay ndi cdch khac la ldi ich tao ddng dd'i tffdng nay, tff dd de xua't cdc giai phap nham phdt life lao ddng Song, tren thffc te, huy dffdc hieu qua cdng vide Id hoat ddng cd y ddng Iffc dffdc tao d mffc dd nao, bang "TrUdng Dai hoc Quoc te, Dai hpc Quoc gia TP Ho Chi Minh " T h j xa Cai Lay, tinh Tien Giang Ngdy nhdn hdi: 10/01/2020; Ngdy phdn bien: 28/01/2020: Ngdy duySt ddng: 12/02/2020 each ndo dieu dd phu thudc vao cd che cu the de sff dung nd nhff la mdt nhan td cho Sff phdt tridn cua xa hpi Thdi gian qua, da cd ra't nhieu tac gia nghien cffu ve DLLV Abby M Brooks (2007) dd chi rang, vide kd't hdp giiJa hai nhdn td thie't lap muc tieu va sU hai long cdng vide Id each tdt nhd't du dodn DLLV eiia nhdn vidn Cac nhan td' anh hffdng manh me de'n hai long cua nhdn vien, bao gdm: (1) Ddnh gia hieu qua cdng vide, (2) Dao tao; (3) Cd'p tren; (4) Ddng gdp vdo td chffc Cdn Teck-Hong vd Waheed (2011) chi 04 nhan td' tdc ddng de'n DLLV la: (1) Dieu kidn lam viec; (2) Sif cdng nhdn; (3) Chinh sach cdng ty; (4) Lffdng Tai Viet Nam, Bui Thi Minh Thu, Le Nguydn Dang Khdi (2014) nghien cffu boat ddng kinh doanh d Tong Cdng ty lap may Vidt Nam (Lilama) da phat hidn nhan to' anh hffdng de'n DLLV ciia nhan vien trffe tid'p sdn xua't, gdm: (1) Van hda doanh nghiep; (2) Cdng vide; (3) Cd hdi dao tao va phdt trien; (4) Dieu kien lam viec; (5) Lffdng va che' dp phuc ldi; (6) Md'i quan he vdi ddng nghiep; (7) Md'i quan he Idnh dao, Trong dd, Lffdng va che' dp phuc ldi vdi Van hda doanh nghiep Id nhan to'tdc ddng manh nha't Huynh Thi Thu Sffdng (2017) tap trung nhan dien va xac dinh cdc nhan td' anh hffdng den DLLV cua cdng chffc tai van phdng UBND TP Hd Chi Minh Ket qua cho thd'y, co nhan td' cd anh hffdng de'n DLLV cua cdng chffc Trong do, nhan to cd tae ddng manh nha't la Phdt trien va thdng tie'n; Tie'p dd'n la Ban chd't cdng vide; Ldnh dao trffc tiep; Mdi trffdng lam vide vd cud'i cung la Ghi nhdn day du cdng vide Nguydn Qudc Nghi (2018) da chi 04 nhdn td anh hffdng den hidu qua cdng vide cua nhdn vidn du lich la: (1) Mdi trffdng lam vide; (2) Phong each lanh dao; (3) Ndng Iffc cd nhan; (4) DLLV Trong dd, Mdi trUdng lam vide la nhan td'tdc ddng manh nha't dd'n hidu qua cdng viec Cdn Ngd My Tran, Thach Keo Sa RaTe, Ludng Hoang Nam (2018) ehi rang, cd nhdm nhdn to anh hffdng tdi DLLV eua CBCC, bao gdm: (1) Lffdng thffdng; (2) Cd hpi nghd nghidp va thang tien; (3) Phuc ldi; (4) Thii thach edng viec; (5) Sff cdng nhan; va (6) Mdi trffdng lam vide Md hinh nghien cii'u Dffa tren viec kd' ihffa cdc nghien cffu trffdc^ cac tdc gid tien hanh xay dffng md HIMH: MO HINH NGHIEN CCfU DE X O A T Si> auan lagm linh dao |~ j Lumgva phue Im I- Quan he d nRKRhifp Mo,.™™ Riamv,^^ y DJe 0,6, hd so tffdng quan bie'n - tdng ciia ta't ea cdc bie'n quan sat > 0,3, ngoai trff bie'n quan sat "LPL4: Vdi mffc Iffdng hidn tai tdi cd the dam bao cudc sd'ng ciia ban than/gia dinh" cd he so' tUdng quan bien tdng = 0,257 < 0,3, nen bi loai Phan tich EFA Dffa vao ke't qua phdn tich he so'Cronbach's Alpha cua eac bie'n ddc lap tac gia se dffa vao phan tich EFA la 29 bie'n quan sat cua 07 bie'n ddc lap Qua phdn tich EFA lan I cua md hinh, nhdm tdc gia loai bd 03 bie'n quan sdt: DGCN4, QHVDNl, LPL3 vi khdc biet he sd 33 Hdna so XI X2 X3 X4 X3 X6 X7 BAMG h BAMG HE SO HOI QUY BOI H$ so chifa Tlidng ke chu^n hoa chu£n hoa da c9na tuvSii t Sig DQ cha'p nhfin SaisCf H^ s6' pliong B Beta ciia bie'n dat Dhifcrnfi sai chu^n ,351 161 2.184 ,030 784 ,098 2,936 ,000 1,275 ,054 ,018 ,876 1,142 205 015 ,421 13.335 ,000 ,878 1,139 ,238 016 ,465 14.749 000 ,757 1.321 111 ,022 172 5,060 ,075 032 ,018 ,870 1,149 ,056 1,784 ,002 ,068 ,022 ,952 1,050 093 3.070 000 ,978 1.022 219 ,018 ,368 12,344 004 BAMG 2: HE SO PHU HdP COA MO HINH M5 Thtfng kg DurbinHf stf xac dinh Sai stf chu^n R R2 liinh cua tf6c lufcfng cac h$ stf Watson R hi^u chinli 692 ,836- 698 1,871 ,18326 DE XUAT HAM Y CHINH SACH BAMG 3: PHAM TICH AMOVA [Wtf hinh Hoi qiiy So dif Tone p |_ T6ng bmh phi/ifng 26.911 11,620 38,531 rif Binh phifffng trung binh 346 353 Watson = 1,871 < 2, nen md hinh hdi quy khdng CO hien mdng tff tffdng qua"Bang cho di'ay, gid tn Sig = 0^000 < 0,05 Vay md hinh hdi quy phii hdp vdi tdp dff Heu va cd thd sff dung dUdc Phffdng trinh hdi quy da chuan hda nhff sau: Y= 0,421 *X1 +0 465*-X2 + 0,172*X3 + 0,093^^X5 + 0,368^X6 + 0,098^X7 Trong do: Y: DLLV cua CBCC; X1: Cd hdi dao tao va thang tid'n; X2: Sff quan tam cua lanh dao; X3: Dac diem cdng viec; X5: LUdng va phuc ldi; X6: Mdi trUdng lam viec; X7: Quan he vdi ddng nghidp 3,844 034 F Sig 114,47 i ,000'' tai nhan td'< 0,3 Dffa vao phdn tich EFA lan cd tri sd KMO Id 0,811 > 0,5 va < 1; gia tn Sig = 0,000 < 0,05 Vdi tdng phffdng sai trich TVE = 69,435% > 50% va gid tri eigenvalue = 1,165 > Sau kiem dinh KMO lan vd 2, tid'n hanh kiem dinh KMO cua bid'n phu thudc Kd't qua tri sd KMO la 0,752 > 0,5 cdc he sd' tai nhdn td ddu Idn hdn 0,3; phUdng sai trich bang 58,229% > 50% Kiem dinh Bartlett cd gid tri Sig = 0,000 < 0,5, ndn eac bie'n cd y nghia phdn tich Vay md hinh cdn 26 bien quan sdt ciia bie'n ddc lap dffa vao phan tich tffdng quan va phan tich hdi quy Phdn tich tffdng quan Kd't qua nghidn cffu eho tha'y, cd md'i quan he tffdng quan chat che vdi giffa cdc bie'n ddc lap va bie'n phu thudc Cu the, he so' tffdng quan eao nhd't la 0,597 ciia bie'n sff quan tam cua lanh dao va tha'p nha't la 0,106 ciia bid'n sff ghi nhdn ddng gdp cd nhdn vdi DLLV cua CBCC Phdn tich hdi quy da bdi Ket qua hdi quy Bang cho tha'y, cd nhan td' anh hffdng de'n bie'n phu thudc, ngoai trff bie'n ddc lap SU ghi nhan ddng gdp ca nhan cd gid tri Sig = 0,075 > 0,05, ndn khdng ed y nghia thd'ng ke Dieu ed nghia la nhdn to Sff ghi nhdn ddng gdp cd nhan khdng cd quan hd tuye'n tinh vdi DLLV ciia CBCC vd mat y nghia thd'ng kd Bdn canh dd, cac tdc gia cdn xem xet de'n sff phu hdp cua md hinh thdng qua he sd' R hidu chinh va kd't qua phdn tich ANOVA Bang cho tha'y: (R^) = 0,698, cdn (R^hieu chinh) = 0,692 cho thd'y (R-) > (R- hieu chinh), nen tdc gia diing (R-hieu chinh) dd danh gid dd phu hdp cua md hinh, vl nd se bdm sal vao md hinh Con gid tri thd'ng ke Durbin- V^ nhom nhSn td' "Dgc did'm cdng vi^ " De nang cao DLLV cua CBCC, ldnh dao c^n edn nhac giao cho CBCC nhiilig cdng viec phii \\(3p vdi nang Iffc, giup CBCC hieu rd vd cdng vide, ma ban than dang lam va tdm quan trong cdng viec cua CBCC dang thffc hien, cung nhu cho phep CBCC dffdc quyen quyet dinh mdt sd van de hdn quan pham vi cdng viec Ben canh dd, cd quan c^n thffc hien chpn dung ngUdi, dung viec, dung chuyen mdn tff giai doan tuyen dung Trong qud trinh thuc hidn cdng viec, nd'u phdt hien nhan vien khdng du nang lUc, khdng phu hdp vdi cdng vide do, thi phai manh dan thay the ngUdi khdc phii hdp hdn Ve nhdm nhSn td' "Stf quan tdm cua lanh dao" Dd tao DLLV cua CBCC, lanh dao trffc tiep can chu y them mot so'va'n de: ' Xay dffng mdi trffdng lam vide than ihien, phat huy tinh than dan chii, dam bao quyen ldi chinh dang; tranh viec dp dat dffdi moi hinh thffc, tao dieu kien cho CBCC dffOc tham gia ddng gdp y kie'n nham phat huy tri tue tap thd - Phai thUc su cdng khai, minh bach, khach quan danh gia ndng Iffc edng tac cua CBCC, tao mdi trffdng lam viec cdng bdng viec dffa di dao tao va bdi dffdng - Lanh dao phai bie't lang nghe, phai biet each gdp y vd phe binh, hudng ddn CBCC tren tinh than xay dUng de dieu chinh va thay doi theo hudng tich cUc vd nhom nhdn td' "Quan he vdi ddng nghiap" Cd quan nen xay dUng quy che lam viec va quy tdc ffng xff nhdm tao mdi trUdng lam vide cho cd sff giup d6 lan eiia mpi ngffdi cd quan Mpi boat ddng cd nhdn gid lam vide can dam bao khdng anh hffdng dd'n cdng vide ciia cac vidn khde Nghidm tuc thffc hidn quy che' phd'i hdp dam bao hodn nhiem vu dat hieu qua cao Can tao nhffng buoi sinh hoat, giao luu giffa cac nhan vidn cd quan vdi tao sff than thien, hda ddng Ve nhom nhdn to' "Cd hpi dao tJio va thang tid'n" Trong nhdm nhan td' cd bie'n DTTTl: Tdi cd cd hdi dffdc ddo tao va ndng cao kid'n thffc ed mean = 3,6; vd SQTLD 1: Lanh dao ludn tao dieu kien giup dd CBCC hodn thdnh td't cdng viec dffdc giao cd mean = 3,65 tha'p hdn mffc dp dap ffng trung binh cua nhdm (mean = 3,67) Dieu nhac cdc cap lanh dao can edn nhac chinh sdch dai ngd, tao dieu kien de CBCC dffdc di hoc, tU ndng eao kid'n thffc Ben canh dd, lanh dao can quan tdm va ddng vien CBCC nham tao ddng lu'c de CBCC hoan td't nhiem vu dffdc giao vd nhdm nhan td' "Mdi trifdng lam vide" Can can nhac viec trang bi mdy mdc va thid't bi dd ddp ffng nhu cau cdng vide Ciia CBCC Ben canh dd, lanh dao can tao bau khdng lam vide vui ve thoai mai, lang nghe y kid'n ciia cap dudi dd tao sff thdn thidn cdng viec Tff do, se tao dffdc DLLV cho CBCC vd nhom nhdn td' "Lifdng va phuc ldi" (1) Cin xay dffng mdt he thd'ng tien iffdng khoa hpc, hdp ly lam ddn bay kich thich hieu sud't, hieu qua lam vide Can tra Iffdng cho CBCC theo hidu qua edng vide, cdn xdc dinh Iffdng theo ke't qua cdng vide Vide xdc dinh mffc Iffdng thffc te ciia CBCC vffa phai can cff vao he so tien Iffdng theo ngach, bdc nhff quy dinh, ddng thdi vffa can cff vdo khdi Iffdng va chd't lUdng cdng vide hoan thdnh thffc te ciia CBCC Vdi phffdng phap xae dinh tien Iffdng nhff trdn, CBCC lam viec se tich cffc, hoan cdng vide dffdc giao td't hdn se dffdc hffdng mffc Iffdng cao vd ngffdc lai ^ (2) Chinh sach khen thffdng cud'i nam cho CBCC cdn phai dffdc tid'n hanh cdng bang, minh bach va cdng khai todn the CBCC Can cdn cff vdo muc tidu de vao ddu ndm vd so sanh vdi ke't qua dat dffdc cud'i nam Nd'u lam dffdc dieu nay, se gdp phan tao niem tin vd tao ddng Iffc rd't Idn thuc day cho CBCC hodn td't nhiem vii dffdc giao Vdi nhffng phan tich tren cho thd'y, hidn nay, CBCC xd, phudng thudc thi xd Cai LSy cd DLLV cdng vide ciia hp Tuy nhien, nghien cffu cung eho thd'y, Idnh dao ed quan, ddn vi can phai cai thien manh me ve nhieu mat ngoai nhan td da dffdc xac dmh d tren de cd thd ndng cao mffc dd tao DLLV cua CBCC, tff dd tao cho CBCC thai dp tich cffc lam lam vide, nbiet tinh hdn, thda man hdn, trung thdnh hdn vd ddng gdp nhieu hdn eho sff phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi d dia phffdng thdi gian tdi.Q TAI LIKU THAM KHAD Phdng Ndi vu thi xa Cai Lay (2018) Bdo cdo sdluong CBCC xd phudng tren dia bdn Hoang Trpng, Chu Nguydn Mdng Ngpc (2008) Phdn tich dd lieu nghiin cvtu vdi SPSS, Nxb Thd'ng ke Huynh Thi Hong Chdu (2017) Nhdn td dnh hudng di'n DLLV eua CBCC xd, thi trdn huyen Vdng Liim, tinh VTnh Long, Ludn vdn thac sT kinh td' Hoang Thi Ldc vd Nguydn Qud'c Nghi (2014) Xay dffng khung ly thuyet ve DLLV d khu vffe cdng tai Viet Nam, Tgp ehi Khoa hgc TrUdng Dgi hgc Can Tha, sd' 32 Nguydn Qud'c Nghi (2018) Ham y quan tri ndng cao hieu qua cdng vide eiia nhan vien nganh du lich d huyen Phu Qudc, tinh Kien Giang, Tgp chi Vdn Hien, tap 6, sd' Huynh Thi Thu Sffdng (2017) Cac nhan tdanh hffdng de'n DLLV ciia edng chffc tai van phdng UBND TP Ho Chi Minh, Tgp ehi Dgi hgc Cdu Long, sd 05/2017 Biii Thi Minh Thu, Le Nguydn Doan Khdi (2014) Nghien cii'u cdc nhdn td' anh hffdng de'n ddng Iffc ldm vide eua nhan vien trffc tid'p san xua't d Tdng Cdng ty Lap may Viet Nam (LILAMA), Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dai hgc Cdn Tha, so'35 Ngd My Trdn, Thach Keo Sa RaTe, Lffdng Hoang Nam (2018) Nghidn cffu sff anh hffdng ciia chd'dp dai ngd de'n DLLV ciia quan tri vien cd'p trung cde cdng ty xua't nhap khau thiiy san tinh Ca Mau, Tap chi khoa hge Trudng Dgi hge An Giang, tap 19, so'2 Abby M Brooks (2007) Factors that influence employee motivation in organizations, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA 10 Maslow, A H (1943) ATheory of Unman Motivation, Psychological Review, 50, 370-396 11 Tan Teck-Hong and Amna Waheed (2011) Herzberg's Motivation - Hygiene Theory And Job Satisfation in the Malaysian retail sector: The Mediating effect of love of, Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16(1), 73-94 3£ ... thd'y, hidn nay, CBCC xd, phudng thudc thi xd Cai LSy cd DLLV cdng vide ciia hp Tuy nhien, nghien cffu cung eho thd'y, Idnh dao ed quan, ddn vi can phai cai thien manh me ve nhieu mat ngoai nhan... phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi d dia phffdng thdi gian tdi.Q TAI LIKU THAM KHAD Phdng Ndi vu thi xa Cai Lay (2018) Bdo cdo sdluong CBCC xd phudng tren dia bdn Hoang Trpng, Chu Nguydn Mdng Ngpc (2008)... y quan tri ndng cao hieu qua cdng vide eiia nhan vien nganh du lich d huyen Phu Qudc, tinh Kien Giang, Tgp chi Vdn Hien, tap 6, sd' Huynh Thi Thu Sffdng (2017) Cac nhan tdanh hffdng de'n DLLV