Thi/c trang viec lam cua sinh vien Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi sau tot nghiep va mot so khuyen nghj DO xakti TRcrciMG' Tom tat Viic ldm cua sinh vien td't nghiep la mot vdn di ldn dang dugc ddt cho cdc trudng dgi hgc d Viet Nam Cdc trUdng khdng chi thu thdp vd cdng bd'thdng tin vi mffc cd viec ldm theo yiu cdu cua ca quan qudn ly nhd nUdc, md cdn nin tii'n hdnh cdc nghiin cffu chuyen sdu ve cdc khia cgnh khac cua viec ldm vd thu nhgp ctia sinh vien tdt nghiep di cd hudng ddo tgo dting dan Kit qud khdo sdt han 500 sinh viin 10 chuyen ngdnh ddo tgo cua Dgi hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi (DHQGHN) cung cd'p ca sd cho cdc khuye'n nghi thay ddi phuang thffc ddo tgo, diiu chlnh chuang trinh ddo tgo, phdt triin nhffng ndng lUc cdn thii't, hd trg vd dinh hudng viec ldm nhdm muc tieu sinh vien td't nghiep ddp ffng td't cdc yeu cdu cua thi trudng lao dgng Tuf khoa: kinh tim viec, mffc cd viec ldm, thu nhdp, mffc ddp ffng yiu cdu thi trUdng Summary Employment for graduates is becoming a concerned issue for universities in Vietnam They should not only collect and publish data on employment level but also investigate various aspects of employment and income of graduates to develop a proper training curriculum Findings from a survey of more than 500 graduates of 10 training disciplines of Vietnam National University Hanoi provide an empirical evidence for the university to revise training program and methods, develop competencies required by the labour market, provide career consulting and support students to find jobs Keywords: employment channels, employment level, income, meeting labour market requirements GIOI THIEU DHQGHN la mdt trung tam dao tao, nghidn ctfu ldn d Viet Nam Hien DHQGHN cd trtfdng dai hgc vidn dang dao tao 105 chuyen nganh bac dai hgc cho hdn 30.000 sinh vien Vdi stf menh di tidn phong va muc tidu dat dang ca'p qud'c td', DHQGHN da va dang tich ctfe ddi mdi edng tac dao tao de dam bao cung cap nhan Itfc chat Itfdng cao cho nen kinh te' Khdng chi thtfc hidn cac ydu eau thd'ng ke ve mtfc dp cd vide lam eua sinh vien td't nghiep theo quy dinh hidn hanh, DHQGHN cdn chu dgng ditfc hien cac nghien ctfu, khao sat chuyen sau ve mtfc dp daptfngydu c^u cua thi trtfdng lao ddng va hdi nhap qud'c td', dd' cd cd sd dieu chinh ngi dung va phtfdng phap dao tao Trong ndi dung bai bao nay, tac gia trinhbay mdt sd'kd't qua thu dtfdc ttf mdt cuge khao sat ve vide iam eua sinh vien td't nghiep DHQGHN dtfdc thtfc hien khudn khd Di an Nang eao kha nang cd viec lam cua sinh vidn DHQGHN hong giai doan 2016-2020 s , MAU VA NOI DUNG KHAO SAT Mlu khao sat Cudc khao sat dtfdc thffe hien vdi 548 ctfu sinh vidn cua 10 chuyen nganh dao tao, bao gdm: Khoa hgc May tinh, Ngdn ngfl Han Qud'c, Khoa hgc Quan Iy, Luat Kinh doanh, Tai chinh Ngan hang Vat ly Ky thuat, Ngdn ngff va Van hda Phap, Khi ttfdng, Thuy van va Hai dtfdng hoc, Stf pham Sinh hoc va Kinh td' Phat trien Nhtfng ngtfdi td't nghiep vdng 'TS., Trtfdng Dai hoc Kinh te, Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Moi Email: truongdxuan@gmaii c Ngdy nhdn bdi: 08/01/2019; Ngdy phdn bien: 10/02/2019: Ngdy duyet ddng: 19/02/2019 Economy and Forecast Review 63 BANG 1: TiMH TRifliNG VIEC LAM CUA Ctitl SINH VIEM THEO CHaVEM MGAMH DAO TAO (%) nhtfng khdng tim dtfdc vide lara d thdi di^m khao sat Tinh trang "Khdng cd nhu ctu lam vide" bao gdm nhffng ngtfdi dang Bang CO Khdng CO nhu Thart STT Nganh di hgc va nhflng ngtfdi khdng lam vide, vi$c lam cSu lam vi^c nghiap nhtfng khdng tich ctfe tim vide Ty Id tbg't Khoa hoc May cinh 7,55 0,00 92,45 nghidp cua cuXi sinh vien dtfdc khao sat la NgSn ngu" Han Quo'c 21,05 1,75 77,19 7,06% So vdi ty Id tha't nghidp trung binh Khoa hoc Quan ly 5,45 5,45 89,09 cua nhihig ngtfdi td't nghiep dai hpc hien la 4%, thi day la mdt mtfc kha cao LuSt Kinii doanh 22,00 18,00 60,00 Mtfc tha't nghidp cd sff chdnh lech Tai chinh Ngan hang 7,14 7,14 85,71 ldn giffa cac chuyen nganh Chuydn Vai ly Ky thual 27,78 12,96 59,26 nganh Luat Kinh doanh dan dau vi ty Id Ngon ngff va Van hoa Phap 81,13 16.98 1,89 that nghidp (18%); tie'p theo la Sff pham Sinh hgc (14%); Vat ly Ky thuat (13%) Khi lifcfng Thiiy van va Hai difcfng hoc 6.98 4,65 88.37 Cae chuydn nganh ed mffe that nghidp 14,00 Sir pham Sinh hpc 12,00 74,00 tha'p la Khoa hpc May tinh (0%); Ngdn 10 Kinh te Phat tnen 5,66 75,47 18,87 ngff Han Qud'c (1,75%); Ngdn ngfl va Chung 14,69 7,06 78,24 Van hda Phap (2%) Hai Id, phan ldn cd hdi vide lam dd'n ttf khu vffc ngoai nha nffdc Chi ed 28,3% BANG 2: VIEC LAM CHIA THEO KHO VCfC LAM VIEC ctfu sinh vidn lam vide khu vtfe nha STT S&'ltffltng (ngifcfi) Ty 16 (%) Khu vtfe lam vi@c ntfde khu vtfe ttf nhan cung cS'p Khu vifc nha niffic L16 28,3 g^n mdt nffa sd' viec lam Ty Id ttf tao 44,1 Khu vifc tff nhan 181 viec iam cua ctfu sinh vien la 3,41%, mdt mtfc ttfdng dd'i tha'p (Bang 2) 24,2 Khu vffc CO yeu to niffic ngoai 99 Ba Id, mang xa hdi da trd mpt 14 3,4 Tff tao viec lam kenh tim vide rS't phd bid'n vdi khoang 100 410 T6ng so' 1/4 sd ngtfdi dtfdc hdi tim dtfdc vide qua kdnh (Bang 3) Kdnh quan he quen bid't cd vai trd quan trgng thff hai (22%) nam cho de'n thdi did'm khao sat Thdi gian khao sat tff Tie'p theo la Nha trtfdng, thay cd gidi thidu (11,66%) va cac mang tuyd'n diing thang 05 dd'n thang 09/2017 Do khdng cd thdng tin lien he day dii cua sinh vidn td't (13%) Ra't itcihi sinh vien tim dtfdc viec nghidp, cudc khao sal dtfdc thffc hien theo phtfdng phap ttf hdi viec lam (1,58%) va san giao dieh viec lam (3,16%) thuan tidn kd't hdp vdi "qua bdng tuye't" (Snow ball) Bdn la, ly khdng tim dtfde vide Trong tdng sd' 548 phie'u thu dtfdc ehi cd 524 phid'u tra ldi cua ctfu sinh vidn la sff dung dtfdc Ty le tham iam chinh la thie'u kinh nghidm iam vide, gia khao sat cua smh vidn td't nghiep mdi nganh nam chuyen nganh hoc khd xin viec va khdng cd cac md'i quan he (Bang 4) Dang chii khoang 8%-l 1% tong sd ngtfdi tham gia y la ra't it sinh vien eho rang, ly khdng Ngi dung khao sat Cudc khao sat dffdc thtfc hidn vdi hai mang npi dung xin dtfdc viec la thie'u kid'n thtfc (chid'm la danh gia qua trinh dao tao va flnh trang vide iam 3,49% sd ngtfdi dtfdc hoi) Ke't qua Qua trinh dao tao cua trtfdng dtfdc danh gia ve: Chtfdng eung cho tha'y, ed kha nhieu ctfu sinh trinh dao tao, giang vien va dieu kidn hpc tap; Tmh vien cho rang "chay" la mpt each de cd trang vide iam, gdm: Qua trinh tim kid'm vide lam, loai vide lam hinh td chffc dang lam viec, tinh trang cd vide lam/that Ndm Id, mffc thu nhap cd stf chdnh nghiep, dac diem viec iam, thu nhap va mffc dd hai long lech ldn giffa eae chuydn nganh dao tao ve vide lam Trong khudn khd bai vid't tac gia ch? (Bang 5) Thu nhap phan nao the' hien de cap de'n mang ndi dung ve tinh h-ang vide lam cha't Iffdng viec lam Thu nhap trung binh mpt thang cua nhffng ngtfdi dtfdc TINH TRANG VIEC LAM CUA SINH VIEN khao sat la 7,83 tridu/thang Nganh ed thu nhap trung binh cao nha't la Khoa hgc TOT NGHIEP May linh (15,66 tridu/thang) Cac nganh cd thu nhap tha'p la: Stf pham Sinh hpc Kd't qua khao sat cho tha'y cac ndi dung sau Mgt Id, mtfc dd tha't nghidp kha cao va cd stf chdnh (4,5 tridu/thang); Kinh td'Phat trien (4,9 lech idn giffa cac chuyen nganh dao lao {Bang 1) tridu/thang); Vat ly Ky thugt (5,2 trieu/ Trong cudc khao sat nay, tha't nghiep dtfdc xac dinh la thang); Khi ttfdng, Thuy van va Hai nhffng ngtfdi khdng cd vide iam, cd nhu can flm vide dtfdng hoc (5,4 tridu/thang) Nganh Tai 64 chinh Ngan hang cd mffc thu nhap kha thap la 6,1 tridu/thang Mdt diem dang chu y la mtfc chdnh lech ve tien Itfdng rat ldn, cd khdng it ngtfdi ITnh Itfdng 2-3 tridu/thang, nhtfng ciing cd mdt sd' ngtfdi cd mffc Itfdng trdn 50 tridu/thang, tham cd cd mgt ctfu sinh vien tdt nghiep nam 2015 cd mtfc thu nhap 120 tridu/thang (Ban khdi nghidp xay dtfng mdt he thd'ng dao tao trtfc tuyd'n) Sdu la, gan 1/3 ctfu sinh vidn lam cac cdng vide khdng lidn quan de'n chuyen mdn dtfdc dao tao So hdu the hien ve mffc phu hdp cua cdng viec vdl chuyen nganh dao tao dtfde dtfa Bang Bdy Id ctfu sinh vien ed dap uhg yeu cau cdng vide thS'p nha't ve Kid'n thtfc thtfe te' va Nang Itfe ngoai ngff (Bang 7) Cffu sinh vidn dffdc yeu cau ttf danh gia ve mffc dap tfng ydu cau cdng vide theo ltfa chpn: hoan toan dap tfng, dap ffng mdt ph^n va ehffa dap ffng Ty Id chffa dap tfng cao nha't dd'i vdi Kie'n thffc thffc td' (28,7%) va Nang lffc ngoai ngff (27,25%) Ngoai ra, cffu sinh vidn eung can nang cao kid'n thffc chuyen mdn, ky nang giao hd'p va kha nang tin hgc MOT SO KHUYEN NGHj Tff qua trinh khao sat tinh trang vide iam, tac gia dtfa mgt so khuye'n nghi cho DHQGHN, eung nhtf cac trtfdng dai hpc khac d Viet Nam, nhtf sau: Thff nhdt, de cd thdng lin chinh xdc vi viec ldm sau td't nghiip, cdn xdy dung ca sd dff liiu citu sinh viin mat cdch day du vd cap nhdt De ed kd't qua chinh xac, vide khao sat viec lam phai dtfdc thtfc hidn bang each chon mlu ngau nhien vdi mdt ty Id phan hdi nha't dinh Tuy nhidn, vide thd'ng kd tinh trang vide lam eua sinh vidn hidn eua cac trtfdng gap nhieu khd khan khdng the' lidn he dtfdc vdi sinh vien sau ho da td't nghiep va khdng thd' dam bao tinh chinh xac cua sd' Ueu edng bd VI vay, DHQGHN va cac hifdng dai hpc can xSy dtfng va dam bao tri cd sd dff heu ve sinh vien tdt nghidp Thff hai, cdn thuc hiin cdc cudc khdo sdt chuyen sdu ve viic ldm cua sinh viin tot nghiep Hidn nay, tbeo quy dinh eua Bd Giao due va Dao tao, thi cac trtfdng phai thd'ng ke va cdng bo so' lieu ve ty Id cd vide iam va khu vtfe lam vide (nha ntfde, ttf nhan, ntfde ngoai) Tuy nhien, dd cd the nang cao chat Itfdng dao tao va mffc dp dap tfng nhu cau cua thi trtfdng Economy and Forecasi Revie BANG 3: CAc KEMH TM VIEC LAM STT I PhtftAig thifc Do nha iru'dng, thay co gi6i thieu San giao dich viec liim Ngffcfi ihSn, ho hang gidi thieu Thong Un qua mang xa hfli Hoi chd, h6i vi6c lam Nha tuydn dung chu dong Uen he Cong ty dich vu tuyen dung Ty le chpn (%) I!,66 3,16 21,94 26,28 1,58 9,68 13,04 BANG 4: cAC LY DO KHONG TIM DCr0C VIEC LAM STT Lydo Thieu kie'n thffc chuyen mon Thieu thong tin luye'n dung Chuyen nganh hoc kho xin viec Thicu kinh nghiem lam viec Kh6ng CO moi quan he Khong CO kha nang tai chinh de chay viec Tyle chpn (%) 3,49 6,98 20,93 29,07 22,09 17,44 BANG 5: THU NHAP TRGNG BINH (TRIEU D O N G / T H A N G ) STT 10 Nganh Khoa hoc May linh Ngon ngff Han Quo'c Khoa hoc Quan ly Lu^t Kinh doanh Tai chinh Ngan hang Vat ly Ky thual Ng6n ngii va Van hda Phap Khi tffdng, Thuy van va Hai du'dng hoc Sff pham Sinh hoc Kinh te Phat trien Trung binh Thu nhSp trung bmb 15,66 11,04 7,25 7,80 6,09 5,20 9,57 5,38 4,48 4,90 7,83 BANG 6: JVICfC DO PHG H0P CUA CONG VIEC VCJl CHUYEN NGANH DAO TAO (%) Dung Co Khong Nganh STT chuven nganh li^n quan lign quan I Khoa hoc May Unh 61,22 36,73 2,04 Ngon ngiJ Han Quo'c 70,45 29,55 0,00 Khoa hoc Quan ly 46.94 38.78 16.33 Luat Kinh doanh 16,67 53,33 30.00 Tai chinh Ngan hang 27,08 41,67 31,25 62,50 Vat ly Ky thuat 28,13 9,38 41,86 Ngon ngiT va Van hda Phap 25,58 32,56 39,47 Khi tffdng, Thiiy van va Hai dffdng hoc 44,74 15.79 37.84 13,51 48,65 Sff pham Sinh hoc 57,50 Kinh te'Phat trien ig.oo 32,50 10 27,80 37,80 34,63 T