TAPCHlCOIinnKllNB TO CHlfC BO MAY TAM QUYEN PHAN LAP Cf NHAT BAN VA MOT VAI GIA TRI VE DAN CHU • PHAN TUAN LY Bai viet da giai quyet mot so van de nhif xac dinh va dUa each hieu cd ban ve dan chu (tir san); Nghien ciJu cd ca'u to' chtfc bo may tam quy^n phan lap d Nhat Bin; Due k6t cic gia ^ tri dan chu til viec to chiJe bo may nha nrfdc ' Thdng qua viec iS ehtfc bo may nha nifde tam quyen phan lap, ngifdi dan c6 the tham gia vao viec ki^m sodt quyin IiTc cua cac cd quan lap phap - h^nh phap - tiT phap Dan chu t6 ehiJe b6 may nha nUde the hien qua n6i dung: (1) eae cdquan nha ni/dc kirn che - d6i lan de' ki^m soat viec thi/c thi quy^n li/c; (2) ngUdi dSn triTc tie'p tham gia vac viec kiem sodt cac cd quan TU khoa: Tam quyen phan lap, dan chu Nhat Ban, b6 miy nha ni/dc Nhat Ban D $ t vfl'n d c Nhat Ban la quoc gia phat trien kinh te bac nhat d Chau A Di ciing vdi s\i phat trien kinh te' miJc dan chu cung luon diTde the gidi danh gia cao De xay di/ng mot nen chinh tri dan chu nhir vay, Nhat Ban da su" dung ra't nhieu bien phap va phifdng thiJc khiic Trong so' i6 chiJc bo may nha nu'dc la mot nhiJng phu'dng thu'c hiJu hieu hang dau de ghi nhan eae gia tri dan chu Hien chifa c6 nghien eiJu cu the va rieng biel \ e \e cac gia tri dan chu bi^u hien to chi?c bo may lam quyen phan lap Bai viet phan lich ve "to chi'rc bd may lam quyen phan lap d Nhat Ban \;i mpl vai gia Iri dan chu" nham giai quyet va'n de \acdinh va dUa each hieu cd ban ve danchij So 14-Thdng6/2020 (tii san); nghien cu'u cd ca'u to chtfc b6 may tam quyen phan lap Nhot Ban; diic ket cac gia tri dan chu tiy irong viec to chiJc bo may nha ni/de Ly luSn v^ dSn chu Dan ehu la mot pham tria chinh tri - xa hoi, tdn tai rat lau ddi, ti!r hinh nha ni/dc va phap luat Dan chu va ti/dola hai khai niem khongthe taeh rdi Bai viet da trinh bay mot so' khai niem v€ dan chii, c6 the diic ket cdch hieu ca ban ve dan chu lam nen tang ly luan cho nghien cu'u to chu"c bo may nha ni/dc Nhat Ban Theo tif dien "dan chu" (deniucracy) dUdc hieu la "niem tin rSng moi ngi/di • no ni6t quoc -nmh va gia deu c6 quyen ba> to >' kici quyen life d6 phai diTdc nam gia bdi , ;, ,- , ,^(^•^ LUAT difdc blu hoac mot he thd'ng chinh phu difdc hinh di^a tren niem tin nay" (Tuf dien Cambrigde Online, Anh quo'c) Nhif vSy, "dan chu " ghi nhan cac gia tri: quyen du'dc noi cua ngifdi dSn difdc ton trong; quyen lUe nha nu'dc thu6c ve nhan dSn va difdc hien thtfc hoa bdi nhffng dai dien cua ngifdi dan O phuTdng Tay, nhieu hoc gia cung da xuat ban hang loat tac pham ve "dan chu ", nhifng khai niem "dan chu" van la mot khai niem cd nhi^u t^ng y nghTa va diTdc su" dung nhieu ngff canh khac nhau, tham chi noi ham cua khai niem ci/c ky da dang the' gidi btfdc vac the ky XX (David Held, 2008, tr 125) "Dan chu khong chf ddn thu^n la mot loat the che quan ly cu the D§n chu di^a tren nhom gia tri, quan diem va thtfc tiln da di/dc nhan thiJc ro Tat ca cac gia tri, quan diem va thifc tiln difdc {\\i hien du"di nhiJng hinh thu'c khac theo nin van hoa va cac xa h6i tren the gidi Cac nen dan chu phai diTa tren nhiJng nguyen tac cd ban chiJ kh6ng phai nhij'ng thifc tiln tho'ng nhat" (Bo Ngoai Giao Hoa Ky, tr 5) Quan diem cua chu nghTa Mac, "Difdi che'do dan chu, khong phai ngifdi ton tai vi phap luat, ma phap luat ton tai vi ngu'di, Dau hi6u dac trifng cd ban cua che dan ehu la nhif vay" (C.Mae & Ph.Angghen, 1995, tr.350) Dan ehu di/de the hien difdi hai khia canh: mot la, dan chu la hinh thitc t6' chrfc bo may nha nu'dc, ma d quyen li/c thu6c ve nhan dSn; hai la, dan ehu la gia tri tien bo xa hoi (Le Thi Thu Mai, 20!8,tr.33) Tu' nhiing khai ni6m cd ban tren, c6 the riit m6t s6'dac diem chung de nhan dang "dan chu" irong mot the che chinh tri: (1) Quyen li/e nha nifdc phai thupc ve nhSn dSn nen chinh tri dan ehu; (2) Nguyen tac da so quye'tdinh thieu so' diTde tuan thu che dp dan chu; (3) Bao ve quyen ngiTdi la nhiem vu tam ciia dan ehu; (4) Thffa nhan quyen tham chinh la mot ph^n cua quyen ngu'di Nhdng dac trihig se dUdc diing de soi chieu dSn ehu to chiJc bo may nha niTdc Nhat Ban Td chu'c bd may tam quyen phan l$p d Nh^t Ban hien Tam quyen phan lap theo mo hinh cua My difdc ap dung to chifc bd may nha nifdc Nhat Ban Theo cac nha khoa hoc phap ly d Nhat Ban, quyen lire nha nu'dc drfdc phan linh viTc rd ret: ITnh vifc chinh tri (bao gom Quo'c hpi va Npi cac) va ITnh vi/e phap ly (thupc ve Toii an) To chu'c bo may nha nifde tam quyen phan lap diTpc xay di/ng di/a tren nguyen tac "phap quyen" (hounoshihai hoac rule of law ti6'ng Anh), gom cd quan lap phap, hanh phap va tuTphap 3.1 Cdquan Iqpphdp Quo'c hoi la cd quan quyen life eao nhat va cd quan lap phap nhald Nhat Ban, la cdquan nhan dan bau thong qua tong tuyen cur Vdi tu" each la cdquan quyen life cao nhat, Quoc hpi bau Thu lu'dng cua Npi cac Nghi sT Quo'c hpi nhan dan bau theo phifdng thiJc bau ci> thong Nghj sidu'dc bSu bang phu'dng thtfc lieu khu hoac theo li le dai dien Trong Hi6'n phap Mmh Tri, Quo'c hoi la cd quan mang tinh "than phan" (mibunsei gikai, difdc gpi la quo'c hpi "dang tpc - touzoku gikai" hoac "tam bo h6i sanbukai") (Higuchi Youichi, 2010, tr 322), cd nghia la nghi sT la dai dien cho chinh khu vifc minh dUdc bau hoac gidi thieu chtJ khong phai dai dien cho nhan dan ca nifdc Ching han Quo'c hdi dang tpc cua chau Au trifdc day, gom nhiTng vien xuat than tijf "than phan" giao chiJc (ngifdi cua Ki to giao), gidi quy tpc va gidi tif san giau cd (Katsuta Antsune, Mori Seiicht, Yamauchi Susumu, 2012, tr 221) Tuy nhien, theo Hien phap hien hanh, nghi sT da triingciJ, hp khong phai chi dai dien cho tieu khu hay dang phai chinh trj cua hp, ma se trd nen doc lap vdi tieu khu da bau va ca dang phai chinh tri trife thupc Hp hanh dong vdi lif each nghi sT theo lifdng liim cua ban than ho, dai dien cho nguyen vpng cua toan the nhan dan Day la ehiJc nang dai dien cua Quoc hoi Ngoai ra, Quoc hpi thifc hien hai chu'c nang khac la cd quan quyen life toi cao (chiJc So 14-Thong 6/2020 TAP CHi CONG THIfOiNG nang nSm giu' quyen life nha nifdc) va lap phap nhat (chifc nang lap phap) cua Nhat Ban (Dieu 41 Hien phap) Quoc hpi du'dc trao cho chifc nang la "cd quan tap phap nhat" Cd quan lap phap nhat difdc hieu la hoat dpng lap phap thifc eha't phai Quo'c hpi thifc hien mpl each doc lap bang nghi quyet (nguyen tac Quo'c hpi ddn doc - Kokkai landoku Rippou no Gensoku) (Higuchi Youichi, 2010, tr 347) Tu\ nhien, chifc nang tap phap khong tuyet doi d Nhat Ban Chu'c nang lap phap d Nhat du'dc hieu Quo'c hpi la cd quan xem xet va cong nhan cac dif thao phap luat da phan Chinh phu de xuat Chinh VI vay, chu'c nang lap phap cua Quo'c hpi Nhat Ban ve ban eha't chi la chifc nang "kiem soiit" linh d^n chu ciia Chinh phu irong hoat dong thifc ihi quyen life nha nu'dc (Takaha.shi Kazuyuki, 2010, tr 324) Qud'c hoi Nhfit Ban difdc id chiJc iheo mo hinh lifdng vien, gom Thu'dng vien (sangiin) va Ha vien (shuugiin) Nhiem ky ciia Ha vien la nam va Thu'dng vien la nam irong nam lien hanh bau ciJ lai mot niJa so'nghi vien DiJng dau m6i Vien la Nghi tru'dng, difdi Nghi trifSng cd Pho Nghj tru'dng Ben cac Vien deu difdc ihilnh tap eae Uy ban (iinkai) gom hai nhom: Uy ban thu'dng trifc (jounin iinkai) va Uy ban dae biel (tokubelsu iinkai) DiJng dau cac Uy ban la Trifdng Uy ban (iinchou) Thu'dng vien va Ha vien cd quyen han ngang va binh dang vdi Tuy nhien, de tranh sif "do'i lap tuyet do'i" irong viec quyet dinh cac va'n de quo'c gia thi Hien phap ghi nhan s\i "ifu lien" ciia Ha vien so vdi Thu'dng vien 3.2 Cdquan hanh phap Dieu 65 Hien phap thifa nhan rang "Npi cac la cd quan nam giif quyen hanh phap" Vdi tu' each la cd quan thifc hien chu'c nang hanh phap quyen life quo'c gia, Noi eae \a Quo'c hpi la haled quan "ihd'ng in" ITnh vifc chinh tri' Va Irong linh vife chinh tri Chinh phu la tru cot trung tam ChiJc n.lng thif hai cua Chinh phii la nam giif quyen hanh phap Dat moi quan he vdi quyen lap phip va iif phap thi, quyen hanh phap difdc hiOu la quyen thifc Ihi (shikkou) Chinh phu 10 So 14 - Thdng 6/2020 lam hien ihifc hoa phap luat cua Q^oc "9' ircn ddi sd'ng cua ngifdi dan Va viec "ihi/c thi khong pha i la mot hoat dpng thu dpng ma phai la mot hoai dong "chu d6ng va tich cifc" Chu'c nang thif ba ciia Chinh phii la chi hiiy, giam sat cac cd quan hanh chinh (gyousei kakubu) (Dieu 72 Hien phap) DiJng dau cac ed quan hanh chinh la cac Bp tru'dng, la nhifng vien ciia Chinh phii Thi/c hien lot chu'c nang la cd sd de hinh mot nen dan chu tif,san hien dai Chinh phu bao gom Thu lu'dng la ngifdi diJng dau va cac bo tru'dng (Dieu 66 Hien phap) Thu tifdng difdc Quoc hpi bo nhiem so cac vien cua Quo'c hpi, ed the la vien ciia Ha vien hoac Thu'dng vien Thu lu'dng cd quyen bd nhiem miln nhiem cac bp tru'dng mdl each tif (Dieu 68 Hien phap) Thu tifdng lam viec theo che' ihu trifdng, chiu irach nhiem irifdc Quo'c hpi Bo trifdng la vien eiia Chinh phii, Thu lu'dng chi dinh Qua ban so lifpng Bp tru'dng phai la vien ciia Quo'c hpi (Dieu 68 Khoan I Hle'n phap) Hien nay, theo quy dinh ciia Luat To chilc Chinh phii, so' lifdng bp tru'dng vl nguyen tac la khong qua 14 ngu'di (Dieu Khoan 2) Trach nhiem ciia Chinh phii cung la mdt khia canh the hien hoat dong cua cd quan nSm giff quyen hanh phap Trach nhiem d day difdc hieu la trach nhiem chinh tri, du trifdng hdp Npi cac long tif chu'c lai mang "mau sac ciia trach nhiem phap ly (Ashibe Nobuyoshi, 2004, tr 299) Chinh phii boat dpng difa tren nguyen tac "tho'ng nhat loan vien" (zen-in icchi) Nguyen idc ddi hoi cac quye't dinh hoac hanh vi ciia Chinh phii deu phai difdc la't ea cac vien thong qua Ne'u c6 vien khong thong qua, hanh vi hoac quye't dinh se khong trd y chi ciia Chinh phu 3.3 Cdquan tUphdp Nguyen tac phap quyen ghi n, ,,f ^^^ (gj cua he tho'ng cdquan thi? babe n e^nih he Vnacd quan lap phap va hanh phap Do he iiuiuo cd quan tu'phap-toa an.Toa anlhifc in^n^j^^j^ ^, tif phap cd nghia la tn/c liep thifc i,,Cn quy^n tif lUAT phap Ra ddi bo'i canh va difdc dal vao mdt vi tri nhU vay he tho'ng quyen life nha nifdc, nen quyen tif phap phai thifc hien chu'c nang cd ban sau: (1) cd quan trung gian dS ngan ngi^a sif lam quy^n va viec gia tang "cai toi" (jiko) qua trinh sii" dung quyen Itfc nha nu'dc ciia cd quan lap phap va hanh phap; (2) cd quan giai quye't cac tranh chap phat sinh qua trinh siJ dung quy^n life nha nifdc bang phan quye't "chung tham"; Tda and Nhat Ban difdc trao cho quyen tuf phap, vdi chu'c nang trung lam la "xet xiJ" Hien nay, he tho'ng toa an du'dc phan loai, gom Toa an T6'i cao (saikou saibansho) va Toa an cap difdi (kakyuu saibansho) Toa an T6'i cao la cd quan cao nhat ciia he tho'ng toa an Nhat Ban, difng dau bdi Chanh an Toa an T6'i cao Chanh an Toa an Toi eao Chinh phii ehl dinh va difdc Thien hoang bd nhi6m (Dieu Khoan Hien phap) Tham phan Toa an To'i cao Chinh phu bd nhiem (Dieu 79 Khoan Hien phap) va du'dc Thien hoang cong nhan (Dieu Khoan Hien phap) Toa an To'i cao difdc giam sit bdi nhan dan thong qua chu'c nang "kokumin shinsa" (tham tra cong dan) Toa an cap difdi (kakyuu saibansho) difdc td chu'c bao gom cdc loai tda an sau: Toa Ca'p cao (koutou saibansho), Toa Dia phu'dng (chihou saibansho), Toa Gia dinh (katei saibansho) va Toa Gian ddn (kan-i saibansho) Tham phan cua Tda an e3p difdi difdc chia cap bac: hanji, hanjiho va kan-i saibansho hanji Che' dp tai phan vien (saiban-in) du'dc ban hanh vao nam 2004 va du'dc thifc thi tif thang nam 2009 Day la ch6' dp "giao thoa" giifa che' dO "bdi tham doan" (baishinsei) va che' "tham tham" (sanshinsei) Theo do, tai phan vien la nhffng ngu'di blnh thifdng, khong phai tham phan chuyen nghidp, nhffng vSn tham gia xet xff vdi tff each la nhffng ngffdi bd sung phan ehffa du ciia cac tham phdn chuyen nghiep Dffdi gdc d6 nay, tai phan vien cung la mpl cd eh6' de nhan dan tham gia vao quyen tff phap gdp phan md rpng dan chii d Nhat Ban (Hirowatari Seigo, 2010, tr 82) Cac gia tri dan chu tuf mo hinh to chu'c bo may nha nUdc hien t^i 4.1 Ddn chu thehi^n qua kiem soat quyen IIJCC nha nitdc bang phUcfng thvtc "kim chi' - ddi " Mot nen dan chii tff san hien dai Ihifc sff dffdc hinh va chi quyen life nha nffdc dffdc thffc hien thifc sff vi Idi ich chung cua nhan dan Quo'c hoi kim che' va do'i vdi Npi cac thong qua quy^n nang: quyen bd phie'u bat tin nhiem ddi vdi Noi cac va quyen bau Thu tffdng Trong trifdng hdp Ha vien thdng qua Nghi quye't ba't tin nhiem thi ta'l ca cac vien Npi cac se bi bupc phai tdng tff chffe Ngffpc lai Npi cac cung dffdc ghi nhan cac quyen nhhm thffc hien kim che'va do'i trpnglai vdi nhanh quyin life lap phap Cu the, Npi cac c6 quyen giai tan Ha vien va lien hanh tdng tuyen eff lai Giai tan dffdc hieu la "hanh vi lam mat tff each ciia nghi sT Irffde ke'l thue nhiem ky " (Ashibe Nobuyoshi, 2004, ti 305) Npi cac cung cd quyen irieu tap Quo'c hpi can thie'l Quo'c hpi la chii the cd tham quyen tien hanh "tai phan chi trich" (dangai saiban) do'i vdi cac tham phan cua he tho'ng loa an Chinh phii cd quyen chi dinh Chanh an Toa an To'i cao va bo nhiem cac tham phan cua nhanh quyen life tff phap Ngffdc lai, Toa an lai dffdc ghi nhan quyen "tham ira vi hie'n" (iken shinsaken) do'i vdi cac dao luat cua Quo'c hpi va cac hanh vi hanh chinh cling nhffvan ban ciia cdquan thupc nhanh quyen life hanh phap Quyen Iham tra vi hiS'n la quyen han ciia toa an "dffa phan quye't ve tinh hdp hie'n eiia nhffng thff nhff la van ban quy pham phap luat" cua cac ed cac cd quan cd tham quyen (Urabe Noriho, Ookubo Shirou, Mori Hideki, 2002, tr 269) Kim che va do'i trpng giffa Chinh phu va Toa an dffdc the hien qua khia canh: Thu Iffdng cd quyen chi dinh Chanh an Tda in to'i eao, cung nhff bd nhiem cac tham phan; ngffdc lai, Toa an cd quyen ihffc thi quyen tham tra vi hien vi phap do'i vdi viec thffc hien chffe nang ciia Chinh phii Thu'c hien viec kim che va doi trpng giffa cac So 14-Thang 6/2020 11 TAP CHi CONIi THIflfNe nhanh quyen life la cd hoi de phai buy vai trd ciia nhan dan - ngffdi chii thffc sff ciia quyen life mot nen dan chii lien tien Nhan dan luon la ddi tffpng ma ca Npi eae Ian Quoc hpi deu phai coi la trung lam ciia quyen life 4.2 Ddn chii thehifn trongtochdc Quoc hQi Quoc hpi la cd quan nhan dan bau bang dffdng bau cii Nhu' vay, dan chu td chtfc Quoc hpi dffdc the hien thong qua viec bo phieu cac cudc bau cff Nhat Ban ap dung phu'dng thffc bau cff thong, binh d^ng Ta'l ca cde cong dan tff dii 18 tudi trd len deu cd quyen tham gia bau cff, bat ke gidi tinh nam hay nff De ffng eff can phai thoa man lieu chuan cao hdn ve ludi Hau bet cac cuoc bau cii tai Nhat Ban diu dat dieu kiSn ciia ngffdi ffng eff phai iff dii 25 ludi trd len Rieng do'i vdi ffng eff nghi vien Thffdng vien va nghi vien ciia To-do-fu-ken (Do - Dao - Phii - Huyen)3 phai cd dp tudi Iff du 30 trd len Bau eff d Nhat Ban difpc thffc hien thong qua phffdng thffc: Phffdng thffc bau theo khu/lieu khu (shosenkyoukusei) va phffdng thffc bau theo ty le dai hieu (hireidaihyousei) Phffdng thffc bau eff theo khu/tieu khu la phffdng thffc chia khu vifc bau eff, khu vffc bau dai hieu la lieu khu (shoku), Iff dai bieu trd len gpi la khu (ku) Phffdng thffc bau eff dai dien la phffdng thffc bau cho dang phai chinh tri, rdi sau phan bd so Iffdng dai bieu dffa tren so' phie'u cd dffdc ciia tffng dang phai Bau eff thdng phai dam bao nguyen utc cd ban Blnh ddng - trffc lie'p - bi mat Nguyen t^c blnh di1ng dffdc the hien thong qua viec moi ngffdi cd mot la phieu ngang Bau eff dffdc lien hanh trffc lie'p cho ngifdi ffng eff Va, la phie'u eiia eff tri se la la phie'u khong ghi ten hp (v6 danh hay bo phie'u kin) Viec kiem phie'u phai dam bao tinh nhanh chdng (hayasa) va linh chinh \ac (seikakusa) Tff nhffng phan tich ve quy dinh bau eff de c6 the td chffe Quoc hpi cd the tha'y quyen lam chu ciia nhan dan dffdc phat huy toi da Thong qua cac gia tri dan chu dffdc dam bao 12 So 14 Thang 6/2020 4.3 Ddn chu thi hifn iron , / cAtfc Chinh phu Chinh phii la Cd quan thffc Ihi quy^n hanh phap td chffe bp may nha nffde Thu iffdng Chinh phu Quo'c hpi bdu va cac Bp trffdng dffdc Thu tffdng chi dmh Tff phffdng dien naycho thay, quyen lam ehii ciia ngffdi dan chi chu yeu thong qua viec bd nhiem Thu tffdng cua Quoc hoi Nhffng Ihffc chat, mot "phffdng tien" cung het sffe hffu hieu viec truyen tai y chi eua ngffdi dan den cd quan thffc ihi quyen hanh ehinh, chinh la "dif luan" Dac biel thdi dai bung nd cua truyen thong da phffdng Uen, dff luan dffdc xem la mot vu sac ben de kiem soat quyen Iffc eiia cd quan hanh phap (Iwabuchi Miki.2007,tr 13) Dff luin dffdc hieu nhff mot blnh thffc lap hdp tat ca cac y kie'n ciia ngffdi dan dffpe the hien mpl each Iff (Oshi Yutaka, 2011, tr 110) Muc dich eua viec tham du' luan la de xac dinh thai d6 eua mot nhom ngffdi cu the ve nhffng van de can dieu tra Viec tham dff luan dffdc lien hanh mot each khoa hoc, the hien thdng qua npi dung: Mpl la, cd quan tham dff luan khong phai la mot cd quan lif ffng eff ma la mot cd quan difdc Iffa ehpn mang tinh dai dien (daihyousei); Hai la, ngon iff difdc sff dung cac cau bdi mang tinh can doi (baransu) De cd the lien hanh mot each khoa hoc va mang tinh dai dien, viec tham dff luan dffdc thu'c hien chii yeu thong qua phifdng thffc lay y kien: Phffdng thffc lay mlu ngau nhien (musakui hyouhon chuushutsuhou) va phffdng thffc la'y m5u dffdc chi dinh (vi'ariate hyouhon chushutsuhou) Thong qua cac cupe tham dif luan Chinh phu \a cac ed quan hanh chinh nha nffdc se phai can nhic va dieu chinh hoat dong nhSm phii hdp vdi y chi va nguyen vpng ciJa ngffdi dan 4.4 Ddn chit the hifn to chdc ca quan Toadn Trong td chffe bp may Hien phdp M Ban cung quy dmh ve quyen lam chii eiia ngi lan ddi vdi quyen tif phap thong qua che d ,,ng LUAT dan tham tra" do'i vdi cac tham phan cua Toa an To'i cao Viec tham tra dffdc tien hanh thong qua mot cupc bo phie'u eua ngffdi dan Cupe bo phi6'u dffdc lien hanh cung thdi diem vdi viec bdu eff Ha vien Phffdng thffc cua cuoc bo phie'u dffdc lien hanh het sffe ddn gian, ngifdi dan chi can gach da'u [X] vao ird'ng canh ten cua cac tham phan T6a an Toi cao dffdc in sSn Ne'u so' Iffdng phie'u cd dau [X] nhieu hdn so Iffdng phie'u trdng thi tham phan se hi bai nhiem Nhff vay, thong qua boat dpng "tham tra" nay, quyen life ciia ed quan iff phap rd rang da bi kiem soat mOl each kha hieu qua Tff do, dan chu td chffe cd quan iff phap cung dffdc dam bao K§'t ludn Bp may nha nffdc Nhat Ban dffdc to chffe theo nguyen lac tam quy^n phSn lap ro net theo mo hinh cua cac quo'c gia tff san phffdng Tay Quyen lap phap dffdc trao cho Quo'c hpi, quyen hanh phap Chinh phu nam giff va quyen tff phap dffdc Toa an thffc thi Viec td chffe he tho'ng cd quan nham Ihffc hien "kim che - doi trpng" ISn Iff giup che' ffdc quyen Iffe Mo hinh nham han che sff lam quyen ciia cac chu the quyen life Han che sff lam quyen la mot irong nhffng yeu cau ciia mot nen chinh tri dan ehu Khong chi vay, quyen lam chii cua ngifdi dan Cling dffdc the hien qua sff tac dpng den viec "td chffe" cac cd quan lap phap - hanh phap - lif phap Ngffdi dan cd dffdc quyen tham gia vao boat dpng chinh tri mot each iff Td chffe bp may nha nffdc ro rang da dam bao cho nen ehinh tri dan chii d Nhat Ban giup hinh ihanh mot quoc gia phat trien va dffdc xem la dan ehu hang dau khu vffc Chau A • TAI LIEU TRICH DAN: 'Chinh phu va Quoc hoi la hai chu the ihffc hien quyen life ITnh vifc chinh In Toa an la cd quan phu trdch ITnh virc phap luat -Ti/cdch d day du'dc hieu cd b^n la chu'c vu nghi si ciia vien Ha vien -''To-do-fu-ken la ddn vi hanh chinh cao nha't d dia phu'dng cOa Nhat Ban Xet ve ca'p hanh chinh, To-do-fu-ken du'dc xem nhif ngang cS'p vdi cap tinh Viet Nam Tuy nhien ve phan quyen hanh chinh va lap phap thi c6 nhieu netriengbiet TAI LIEU THAM KHAC: [I] Bd Ngoai giao Hoa Ky (2020) Tom lu'dc Dan chu Trang Thong Un dien tff cua Dai sff quan va Tdng lanh sif quan Hoa K5' tai Viet Nam Truy xua't tff https://vnMsembassy.gnv/vi/ca'p nhat 22/5/2020 [2] David Held (2008) Models of Democracy UK Polity [3] L6 Thi Thu Mai (2018), NhOng diem tUOng dong va khac biet giSa Ddn chii xahoi chu nghia va Dan chii tU V nghTa doi vdi Viet Nam hien nay, Luan an Ti6'n si, Hoc vien Chinh tri Quoc gia Ho Chi Mmh [4] Ashibe Nobuyo.shi (2004) Luat Hien phap ban thi'(ba Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, (Tam dich) [51 Higuchi Youichi (2010) Luat Hien phap ban ihiiba Tokyo' Soubunsha (Tam dich) [6] Hirowatari Seigo (2010) Xa hoi cdng dan va phap hidl Tokyo; Houso Daigaku Kyouiku Shinkoudai (Tam dich) [7] Iwabuchi Miki (2007) Chinh U-i va Da phu'dng tien Tap chi Nghien cthi Giao iiep va Da phudng lien 70, 5-15 (Tam dich) So 14-Thdng 6/2020 13 TAPCHlCONCIHIflfNG [8] Kalsua Aiitsune Mori Seiichi, Yamauchi SuMimu (20121 Kiwi lux lich sH pMp '""' Tay d,K U-kyo Minenjwa Shobo, (Tam dich) - DI, • |91 Ooishi Yutaku (20111 DU luan Nhat Ban hien dai va Chinh Iri Iniyen thong Tap chi Nghien ciMp ap , Wt, CMn/i Iri, Xflfcoi 84(6), 107-126 (Tam dich) [101 Takahashi Kazuyuki (2010) Otii nghia lap hien rii Luat Hien phap Nhal Ban Nhat Ban (Tam dich), [111 Urabe Noriho, Ookubo Shrrou Mori Hideki(20O2) Tap bai giing Uial Hi/n phap hien dai I Tok; o: Hontsu Bunka Sha, (Tam dich), Ngay nhan bai: 19/5/2020 Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va siJa chiTa: 29/5/2020 Ngay chap nh|in dang bai: 8/6/2020 Thong tin tac gia: ThS PHAN TUAN LY Khoa Ngoai ngff Phap ly, Dai hpc Lu§t TP Ho Chi Minh SEPARATION OF POWERS IN JAPAN AND SOME VALUES OF DEMOCRACY • LLM PHAN TUAN LY Faculty of Legal Foreign Languages Ho Chi Minh City University of Law ABSTRACT: This paper address some issues of determining and presenting understanding of democracy (bourgeois), analysis of the structure of Japan's separation of powers and drawing democratic values from the organization of the stale apparams Through the organization of power-seperating state apparatus, the citizen can participate in controlling the power of the legislative - executive - judicial agencies Democracy in the organization of the state apparatus manifests itself through two conlenLs: (1) state agencies suppress - counterbalance each other to control the exercise of power; and (2) people directly involved in controlling these agencies Keyword: Separation of powers Japanese democracy, Japanese slate apparatus 14 So 14-Thang 6/2020 ... (Tam dich) [51 Higuchi Youichi (2010) Luat Hien phap ban ihiiba Tokyo' Soubunsha (Tam dich) [6] Hirowatari Seigo (2010) Xa hoi cdng dan va phap hidl Tokyo; Houso Daigaku Kyouiku Shinkoudai (Tam. .. nhiem vu tam ciia dan ehu; (4) Thffa nhan quyen tham chinh la mot ph^n cua quyen ngu'di Nhdng dac trihig se dUdc diing de soi chieu dSn ehu to chiJc bo may nha niTdc Nhat Ban Td chu'c bd may tam quyen... lien 70, 5-15 (Tam dich) So 14-Thdng 6/2020 13 TAPCHlCONCIHIflfNG [8] Kalsua Aiitsune Mori Seiichi, Yamauchi SuMimu (20121 Kiwi lux lich sH pMp '""' Tay d,K U-kyo Minenjwa Shobo, (Tam dich) - DI,