NAGARJUNA'S PHILOSOPHY As THE PRESENTED IN MAHA-PRAJNAPARAMITA-SASTRA By K VENKATA RAMANAN Rei ucd with permission of Harvard-Yenching Insti tute MOTILAL BANARSIDASS Patna Varanasi Delhi Madras Bangalore Dedicated to the memory of DR P C BAGCBI Originally Published in 1966 by Charles E Tuttle Company of Rutland, Vermont & Tok�, Japan Edition: Delhi, 1975, 1978, 1987 Reprint MOTILAL BANARSIDASS Bungalow Road, Jawahar Nagar, Delhi 110007 Branches Chowk, Varanasi 221001 Ashok Rajpath, Patna 800 004 24 Race Course Road, Bangalore 560001 120 Royapetlah High Road, Mylapore, Madras 600 004 Copyright in Japan 1966 by Harvard-YenchingInstitute Cambridge, Massachusetts, U S A All rights reserved PRINTED rN INDIA BY JAINENDRA PRAKASH JAIN AT SHRI JAINENDRA PRESS A-45 NARAINA INDUSTRIAL AREA, PHASE I, NEW DELHI NARENDRA PRAKASH 110028 AND PUBLISHED BY JAIN FOR MOTILAL BANARSIDASS, DELHI 110007 T ABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD PREFACE • • • • • • • • • • I INTRODUCTION LIfI! • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , 13 2S 70 • • AND WORK OF NAGARJUNA AND NAGARJUNA AND • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • NAGARJUNA IN THE PlIlLOSOPBY OF NAGARJUNA THE BUDDHA THE BUDDIUST SCHOOLS CONVENTIONAL ENTITIES AND Lalt$a!,a) • • • • BASIC CONCEPTlONS II CONCEPTS • • (Nama AND NATURE OF CONVENTION MODES OF CONVENTION III IGNORANCE • • NATURE • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • " • 89 AND FUNCtiON OF IGNORANCE 11fI! SENSE OF THE , " " FALSE SENSE OF SElf IV IGNORANCE AND KNOWLEDGE lCNOJI.ANCI AMP KNOWUIDGI KINDS OF KNOWU!bGE LEVEl.! AND pasncnva OF UNDDn:ANDlNG III ...NAGARJUNA'S PHILOSOPHY As THE PRESENTED IN MAHA- PRAJNAPARAMITA- SASTRA By K VENKATA RAMANAN Rei ucd with permission of Harvard-Yenching Insti tute MOTILAL BANARSIDASS Patna Varanasi Delhi Madras Bangalore... Cambridge, Massachusetts, U S A All rights reserved PRINTED rN INDIA BY JAINENDRA PRAKASH JAIN AT SHRI JAINENDRA PRESS A-45 NARAINA INDUSTRIAL AREA, PHASE I, NEW DELHI NARENDRA PRAKASH 110028... Chowk, Varanasi 221001 Ashok Rajpath, Patna 800 004 24 Race Course Road, Bangalore 560001 120 Royapetlah High Road, Mylapore, Madras 600 004 Copyright in Japan 1966 by Harvard-YenchingInstitute