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PHAP LUAT VE QUY CHUAN KY THUAT QUOC GIA VE NU'6C THAI CONG NGHlfiP VIET NAM HIEN NAY: MOT SO BAT CAP VA GIAI PHAP HOAN THIEN PHAN THI THU THUY '*' Tdm tat: Bai viet t$p trung phan tich, cbi mgt so diem ba't cap, han che cua quy djnh hi$n bhnh quy chuin ky thuAt qudc gia ve nUdc thed cdng nghiep a Viet Nam: tit dd de xui't mgt sd'giai phap nhdm hoan thien quy dinh vSvA'n de thai gian tdi Tifkboa: Quy chuan ky thu$t; nudc thai cong nghiep Abstract: The paper analyzed the current laws on national technical standards of industrial wastewater in order to point out their shortcomings and propose solutions for improvement in the coming time Keywords: Technical standard; industrial wastewater Ng^y nh&n b^i: 04/9/2019; Ngay sda bai: 01/11/2019; Ngiiy duyet d&ng bai: 27/02/2020 Dat van de Trong nhi2ng nam gin dfiy, thflc trang d nhiem moi trfldng tren thd gidi ndi chung vfi Vidt Nam ndi rieng dang diln ngfiy mpt nghiem trpng Viee mdi trfldng hi nhiim de lai nhidu hau qua nang ne anh hu6ng den sfle khoe, hoat dpng ngfldi, h§ sinh thai, suy kiet tai nguyen Trong so' cac ngudn gay d nhidm mdi trUdng tbi nfldc thai cdng nghiep chfla qua xfl Iy hofic xfl ly chfla dat quy chuan ky tbufit tfl cac nhfi may san xuat cdng nghiep xa thai mdi trfldng la mdt nhflng nguyen nhan hfing diu De kiem sofit viec xa thai nfldc thai cdng nghiep, cd rfi't nhieu cdng cu d.\igc trien khai thtic hien nhfl thue, phi, cfic bien phap ky quy, dat cpc, trd cfi'p mdi trfldng, quy bao v$ moi trfldng, quy chufin ky thuat qudc gia ve nfldc thai cdng nghiep, cac loai giiy phdp, Tuy thudc vao dieu kien hoan Sd 5-2820 canh cua mdi dia phUdng, qud'c gia mfi ltia chpn cdng cu ap diing phu hpp Mdi cdng cu deu cd gia tri ap dung Quy ehuan ky thuat qud'c gia ve nfldc thai cdng nghiep dupc xem la mpt nhflng cdng cu phfip ly quan trpng de kiem soat ngudn nfldc thai, mang Iai hieu qua cao Vi vay, viec soat, danh gia thuc trang quy dinb ctia phap luat ve van de hien d nude ta nhim dUa nhflng kien nghi va de xua't giai phap hoan thien phfip luat la vd cung can thiet Kbai quat chung phap luat quy chuan ky thuat quoc gia ve nfldc thai cong nghiep Cac quy dinb ve quy chuan ky thuat qudc gia ve nfldc thai cdng nghiep cd vai trd '•' ThS., TrUdng Dai hoc TM chinh - Ke toan, Email: phan thil huthu v-@tckt.edu vn; NHAN Life KHOA HpC XA HOI Q PHAP IA'.\T \'E qi-Y CHU.\N KT THC.4T , quan trpng kiem sofit nhiem mdi trfldng, dfic biet la viec phdng ngfla eanh bao sdm nhiem, sU co mdi trfldng Da>- Ifi cdng cii \-fla mang tinh phap ly vfla mang tuih ky tbufit Theo Lufit Bao ve mdi trudng 2005 dinh nghia quy chufin ky thuat mdi trudng chfla be dupc de cfip den mfi cbi cd dinh nghia ve tieu chuan mdi trudng theo dd: Tieu chuin mdi trUdng Ifi gidi han cho ph^p cua cac thdng so' ve chat lupng mdi trudng xung quanh, ve bfim lUdng cua cbfi't gay d nhiem cbfi't thai dupc cd quan nha nudc c6 thim quyen quy dinh lam can cfl de quan Iy va bao ve mdi trfldng {Khoan 5, Dieu 3) Tuy nhien theo Luat Tieu chuan va (Juy chuin ky thuat so 68/2006/QHll dfldc Qud'c hdi nfldc Cpng hda xa hdi chu ngbia Viet Nam khda XI ky hpp thfl thdng qua 29 thfing nfim 2006 thi quy dinh: Tieu chuan Ifi quy dinb ve dac tinh ky thuat va yeu ciu quan ly dflng lam ehuan de phan loai, danh gia san pham, bang hofi, dich vti, qufi trinh, mdi trfldng va cac ddi tupng khfic boat ddng kinh te xa hdi nhim nang cao cha't lupng vfi hieu qua ctia cfic ddi tUdng nfiy Tieu chuan mpt td chflc cdng bd'dfldi dang vfin ban de tfl nguyen ap dting Quy chuan ky thuat la qu>- dinh ve mflc gidi ban cua dac tinb ky thuat va yeu cau quan ly ma san phim, bang hoa, dich vu, qufi trinh, mdi trfldng vfi cae dd'i tflpng khac boat ddng kinh te - xfi hdi phai tuan thu de bao dam an tofin, ve sinb, sflc khoe ngfldi; bao ve ddng vat, tbtic vat, mdi trUdng; bao ve ldi ich vfi an ninh qudc gia, quyen Idi cua ngfldi tieu dung va cac yeu eau thiet yeu Q NHAN LVC KHOA HOC XA Hdi khfic Quy chufin k9 thu^t cd '1"'|"^"J|^ nudc cd tham quyen ban hfinh dUdi ^ vfin ban dd bit budc ap dving tM"''"^ '^ ' /tinh ve tieu Dieu 3) Nhu vfiv vdi quy ainn chuin, quv chufiV ky tbufit ve mdi trfldng gifla hai van ban nfiy la cd sfl khdng thong nhfi't vdi Dd khfic phuc han che va tbdng nha't vd Lufit Tieu chufin va Quy chuin ky thuat sd 68/2006/QHll tai Khoan 5, Diiu Lufit BVMT 2014 quy dinh: Quy chuin ky thuat mdi trfldng Ifi mflc gidi ban cda cac thdng so' vd cbfi't lupng mdi trfldng xung quanh, bfim Ifldng cua cac chat gay d nhidm cd chit thai, cac >eu cau ky thuat vfi quan ly dflpc Cd quan nhfi nfldc cd thim quyen ban hanh dudi dang vfin ban bit budc ap dung dd bao ve mdi trfldng Tieu chuan mdi trfldng Ifi mflc gidi ban cua cac thdng sd ve chat lUdng mdi trfldng xung quanh, ham Ifldng cua cfic cha't gay d nhidm co chat thai, cac yeu ciu ky thuat vfi quan ly dfldc cfic cd quan nha nfldc va cac td chflc cdng bo' dfldi dang van ban tfl nguyen ap dung de bao ve mdi trfldng (Khoan 5, 6, Dieu 3) Nhfl vay, quy chuan ky tbufit moi trfldng la cac quy dinh mang tinh chat bit budc ap dung cdn tieu chuin mdi trfldng la cac quy dinh mang tinh chat tfl nguyen ap dung dd bao ve mdi trfldng Hien nay, de kiem soat d nhidm mdi trfldng nUdc thai cdng nghiep cd nhdm quy chuan cd ban: Nbdm quy chuan ky tbufit qud'c gia ve nUdc thai cdng nghiep ndi chung vfi nbdm quy chuan ky thuat quoc gia ve nudc thai cdng nghiep cua mpt so' ngfinh dfic thfl Mgt la, ddi vdi quy chuin ky thukt quoc gia v^'nfli*? thai cdng nghiep noi chung- Dd SQ5-2Q20 PH \.\ THI THU THm\k QCVN 40:2011/BTNMTQuy chuan k^ thuat quoc gia ve niidc thai cong nghiep (thay the TCVN 5945:2005) Theo d6, noi dung chii yeu ciia QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT Quy chufo ky thuat quoc gia ve niidc thai cong nghiep bao gom: - Quy dinh gia tri toi da cho phep cua cac thong so nhiem nudc thai - Quy dinh nguon tiep nhan ciia nudc thai cong nghiep: He thong dau noi chung ciia khu cong nghiep, he thong thoat nUdc thi, khu dan cU; song, suoi, khe, rach; kenh, miidng; ho, ao, d^m; v ^ g nudc bi^n ven bd co muc dich sxt dung xac dinh - Quy dinh loai hinh san xuat ciia doanh nghiep thong thiidng nudc thai cong nghiep c6 33 thong so can phan tich theo QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT: Nhiet do, mau, pH, BODS (20oC), COD, Chlit rSn Id ling, Asen, thuy ngan, chi, Cadimi, Crom (VI), Crom (III) Hai la, nhom quy chuan ky thuat quoc gia ve nudc thai cong nghiep cHa mot so nginh die thu: Tuy thupc vao m6i nganh cong nghiep khac Iai co dSc thii rieng ve ham liidng, nong do, chiing loai cac chat gay nhiem nen phap luat co nhiing bp quy chu^n rieng ap dung cho tiing nganh Cu the: QCVN 52:2017/BTNMT Quy chu&n ky thuat quoc gia ve niidc thai cong nghiep san xuft th^p (thay the QCVN 52:2013/BTNMT til 29/12/2017) Quy chuin ban H^nh gom 24 thong so (Nhiet do mau pH BODS COD Tong rin Id liing, Tdng Xyanua, Tdng phenol, Tdng dau md khdang, Amoni, Tdng Nitd, Tdng Phdtpho, Sunfua (S2-) Florua (F-) Thuy ngan (Hg), Crom VI (Cr6+), Crom tdng (Cr) Chi (Pb) Cadmi S
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