„3i CACH MANG CONG NGHIEP 4.0 VA THACH THLTC OOI VOI THU" VIEN VIET NAM Do V i n Hung TrUcfng Oai hpc KHXHNV, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Npi Tom tat: Bai viet pfian tich nhdhg tac dong cua cuoc each mang cong nghiep 4.0 i'a qua trinh chuyen ddi so den cac Unh vUc cua ddi song xa hpi, dd co tha vien Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0 vdi nhutig cong nghe tien tien dang lam thay do) can ban phifdng thu'c td chut hoat dong cua thU vien, dong thdi cung dSt nhOhg thach th&cva yiu cau dot mdi doi vdi nganh thU vien Viet Nam di'thu'c hien tdt sd menh cua minh viec chuyen giao tri thu'c va thuc day ddi mdi sang tao Til'khoa: Cach mang cong nghiep 4.0, thach thiic, thu" vien, Viet Nam Abstract: TTie articte analyzes the effects of the industrial revolution t.O and the process of digital transformation on areas of social life Including library sector The Industrial revolution 4.0 with advancedtechnologieshas been fundamentally changing methods of organizing the library's operation, at the same time, it poses challenges and requirements for innovation of the Vietnamese library sector to well fulfill its mission In transferring knowledge and promoting innovation Key words: Industrial revolution 4.0, challenges, libraries, Viet Nam Tac dong cua each mang cong nghiep 4.0 t6i cac nganh nghe va viec lam "Nhin chung den nam 2020, hOn mpt phan ba cac ky nang cot loj ran thiet cua hau het cac nganh nghe se la cac ky nang chi/a dUOc coi la quan doi v6i cong viec cua hom nay" [27] Day chinh la dtf doan bao cao nam 2016 cua Dien dan Kmh te The gi6i ve ti/dng lai viec lam cuoc each mang cong nghiep lan thir' (CMCN 4.0) Tai dien dan lanh dao til cac ITnh vuc khoa hoc va cong nghe, kinh doanh, y te, giao due, chinh phu, truyen thong va nhieu linh VLTC khac da chinh thu'c ban ve CMCN 4.0, nhu'ng anh hu'dng cua no doi vdi kinh te xa iioi toan cau Trong nhan manh den viec phat trien nen kinh te so boi canh CMCN 4.0 Trong nen kinh te nay, robot, tri tue nhan tao, dien toan dam may, diJ lieu I6n va sy" ket hdp giu'a cac cong nghe tao mot cd hoi mdi cho viec doi mdi toan dien va sau sac cuoc song cua chung ta Nhieu nganh nghe mdi ddi ben canh nhieu cong viec se TaDchiTHI/VllN" bj anh hu'dng va thay the bdi cong nghe va may mdc, nguy cd that nghiep se xay tren dien rong Bieu dd 1: Lao ddng bi anh hu'dng bdi chuyen doi so va tu' dong hoa Bao cao To chdc Lao dong Quoc te (ILO) nam 2016 ve anh hu'dng cua chuyen doi so va ti/dong hoa cua CMCN 4.0 doi vdi cd cau viec lam tai ASEAN cho thay khu vu'c se bj tac dpng manh Theo bao cao nay, Viet Nam la quoc gia co nguy cd cao nhat khoi ASEAN se bi anh hu'dng bdi qua trinh chuyen do! so va t i / dong 4(78) hoa vai thap ky tcfi, vdl khoang 70% cong viec se du'dc tu dpng hoa, dong nghTa vdl viec ngu'di bj thay the bdi may moc Bao cao du^ ket luan dang chu y: 3/5 cac cong viec se b| may tinh/ tu" dpng hoa vai thap ky tdi; cong nghe se lam thay doi can ban nganh san xuat va dich vu; Phu nJJ, cong nhan tay nghe thap (it du'dc dao tao) va nhDtig cong nhan lam viec d cac nganh nghe cd lu'dng thap se bj anh hu'dng nang nhat Doi vdi Viet Nam, nganh san xuat thyc pham va uong cd ty le du'dc td dpng hoa la 68%, nganh may mac la 85%, nganh lien quan den may tinh va dien td 74%, nganh ban le la 68%, dd khach san va ngan hang lan lu'dt la % va 43% Nhin chung toan nganh san xuat mu'c dp ty dong hoa la 75%, so cua ifnh vdc djch vu la 33% So lieu cho thay CMCN 4.0 da tac dpng sau rong va tnic tiep tat ca cac ITnh vu'c, d mat tich ci/c nd lam t^ng nang suat lao dpng, hieu qua san xuat kinh doanh, nhung ben canh dd cac chfnh phu phai doi mat vdt mot thyc te la may mdc se lay mat viec cua ngu'di Do vay tai cau true, doi mdi va giai quyet bai toan nhan lyc chat lupng cao la nhung nhiem vu du tien hang dau boi canh CMCN 4.0 Chinh phu Viet Nam thdi gian qua da co nhiJng budc di tich cUc chuan bj cho nen kmh te so bang viec bat tay xay dyng he sinh thai so ty chinh sach den hoat dgng dieu hanh cua Chinh phu, tdi cac linh vyc san xuat va djch vu Cac hoat dpng nhu' chinh phii dien tii djch vu cong tryc tuyen, thydng mai dien td, tri thdc so, nong nghiep thong minh, dap tao tryc tuyen dang dydc trien khai tich cyc Dd la quyet tam xay dyng mpt Chinh phu dien td vdi viec so hoa va trien khai djch vu cong tryc tuyen t y trung Udng den dia phu'dng [5] Ngay 12/3/2019, Van phdng Chinh phu da chinh thdc khai trUdng True lien thong van ban Quoc gia, bu'dc dau cho qua trinh chuyen doi sd va tien de cho mpt Chinh phu khong giay td [6] Trong do, cac van ban so dydc ky tru'c tiep bang chQ' ky dien td va dddc chuyen den cac dia phydng va cd quan ban, nganh chi tfnh bSng phut thay vi bang hoac tuan nhy trydc Trong no lyc xay duTig mpt he sinh thai tri thdc md cua rieng ngddi Viet, Bp Khoa hoc va Cong nghe da chu tri xay dutig He tri thdc Viet so hoa, vdi muc tieu "Chia se tn thdc - Co viJ sang tao - Ket noi cpng dong - Vi tu'dng lai Viet Nam" Cd the thay t d djch vu cong den cac hoat dpng san xuat kinh doanh dang tung bddc xay dyTig tren nen tang so Vf du nhy cac dich vu cd ban khai bao thue, tra tien dien nydc, tra lu'dng, bao hiem, giay khai smh da du'dc trien khai tryc tuyen, Viet Nam la mot nhiing quoc gia cd toe tang trddng ve sd dung Internet nhanh nhat the gidi, nam 2019 da dat 64 trieu ngddi diing (tydng dddng 66% dan so) tang khoang 25% so vdi nam 2017 [25] Theo Hiep hpi thddng mai dien td Viet Nam (VECOM), tang trddng thddng mai dien tii cua Viet Nam giai doan 2018 - 2025 la 25%, Vdl viec dat muc tieu phat trien nen kinh te tri thdc (nen kinh te thong tin) thi giao dye, dao tao la van de can chu hang dau De dap irtig nhu cau ve phat trien giao due, mo hinh dao tao tryc tuyen (E-Learning) la xu the tat yeu moi trddng so va van vat ket noi (loT) Cac nguon tai nguyen giao due md (OER), cac khoa hpc md (pOtJ), khoa tryc truyen danh cho nhieu ngydi tham gia (MOOC), hay cac khoa hpc tap trung cho mot nhdm doi tddng vdi nhu eau cu the (SPOC), hoac lay bang chinh quy tryc tuyen dang du'dc trien khai tai Viet Nam Nhy vay, cd the thay nen kmh te the gidi va Viet Nam dang cd sd chuyen bien manh me sang nen kinh te so Trong boi canh dd, nganh thy vien Viet Nam khong tranh khdi nhting tac dpng tich cyc va tieu cu'c td cuoc each mang so va ty dpng hoa Dac biet nganh thy vien la nganh thydng sdm dydc dng dung nhiing tyu khoa hpc cong nghe hien dai viee thu thap, xd ly, to chdc va phan phoi thong tin Vay cuoc CMCN 4.0 cd nhuTig tien bo cong nghe nao ed the anh hddng den nganh thd vien? Thd vien Viet Nam dang qua trinh chuyen doi so se phai doi mat vdi nhiJVig thach thdc nao? Cong nghe ciia each mang 4.0 va uTng dung ngdnh thu* vien CMCN 4.0 dddc eoi la ket qua cua sy hpi tu nhuYig cong nghe noi bat hoat dong san xuat va dich vu Nhting eong nghe nhy robot ty dong, trf tue nhan tao, dien toan dam may, dff lieu Idn, dti' lieu lien ket, may in 3D, cong nghe sinh hpc, van vat ket noi dang lam thay doi each ngydi song, lam viec va hoc tap May mdc va ngydi dydc ket noi vdi nhau, Bai toan quan trj thong tin dddc dat boi eanh eua CMCN 4.0 se co yeu to can ban: dff lieu ldn, he thong thong tin va tri tue nhan tao Dff lieu phat smh eang nhieu va trd nguon tai nguyen quan trpng, can phai cd mpt he thong thong tin toi ud de thu thap, to chdc va xd ly ehung, he thong can dng dung tri tue nhan tao de phat huy va khai thac het tiem nang cua dff lieu Idn , Q ^ hpc thi dff lieu ddng vai trd trung tam, ia yeu to then chot de phat trien cac cong nghe khac Khong cd dff lieu thi may khong the hoe, khong ed dff lieu thi eae he thong thong minh khong the phat huy tac dung vi khong co tri thdc, tdc la thieu dff lieu dau vao tao tri tue nhan tao cho mpt he thong thong minh - may ty hpc Mpt nhOhg ed sd de khai thae va thiic day phat trien dff lieu ldn dd la truy cap md den nguon tai nguyen (open access) va dff lieu md lien ket (linked open data), ca hai van de deu cd the thuc day bdi sy tham gia ciia thy vien Cd the khang dmh den thdi diem hien tai, hau het cac thong tin/ dff lieu dffdc sinh dydi dang so (born-digital) va chung ta dang chdng kien sy biing no ciia thong tin vdi lu'dng thong tin khong lo dang dydc tao hang (Hinh 2) Moi cd 2.5 Exabytes dff lieu dydc tao ra, tydng dddng gap 250.000 lan Idn ciia Thd vien Quoc hoi Hoa Ky [13] Do vay viec Ida ehpn thong tin phii hdp, hay khai thac dff lieu (data mining) bien thong tin thyc sy la thach thdc doi vdi moi ca nhan va to chdc Hinh 1: Cac cong nghe danh cho CI^CN 4.0 [20] NhuTig eong nghe noi bat ciia CMCN 4.0 cd the anh hddng trdc tiep den sy phat trien eua nganh thd vien tddng lai gan Thyc te nhieu cong nghe da dydc cac thy vien ap dung 2.1 Dit Ueu Idn va npi dung s6' Dy lieu Idn (Big data) la cae tap dff lieu cdc Idn (cd the td hang terabytes tdi nhieu petabytes dff lieu) va phdc tap ma eac dng dung xd ly dff lieu truyen thong khong the thu thap, hien thi, quan ly va xd ly dff lieu mpt thdi gian eo the chiip nhan dddc Dff lieu Idn dddc xac djnh tren dac tryng la Volume (Dung Iddng), Variety (Tfnh da dang), Velocity (Toe dp) va Veracity (Tfnh xac thdc) Dff lieu Idn ed the dddc phan tfch, tinh toan de tiet Ip cae mo hinh, xu hffdng va lien kit, dac biet lien quan den hanh vi va tu'dng tac ciia eon ngddi Trong boi eanh eua tff dpng hoa va may Tap chf THI/VTgw VIET NA Hinh 2: Tang trUdng tai nguyen so va nang lUc Idu triT thong tin toan cau [10] Dff lieu Idn dang trd mdt viin de noi bat d rift nhieu linh vdc khac va nhan dddc sd quan tam dac biet ca nghien ciru va img dung Cae nha nghien cud ITnh vye khoa hpc thd vien va thong tin deu cho rang dff lieu ldn dang mang lai cd hpi ldn cho thy vien doi mdi sang tao Liu va Shen (2018) cho rang dff lieu Idn giup cho thd vien thong minh hdn va than thien hdn vdi ngddi diing bang viec eung eiip cac djch VU thong mmh va ca nhan hoa [15] Thd vien cd 4(78) the phan dff lieu Idn nhdm: bien muc va xd ly Dff lieu Idn thu' vien bao gom tai nguyen thong tin va dff lieu phai sinh qua trinh hoat dpng eiia thd vien thong qua viec cung cap djch vu eho ngu'di dimg Nhdm tai nguyen thong tin se bao gom cac bieu ghi thy muc, cac dff lieu thu vien tao ra, dff lieu phai sinh se ed td sy tUdng tac ciia ngydi dimg qua trinh sd dung cac djch vu cua thu' vien tin cua bp su\j tap, cae yeu eau dac biet va cd lien quan cua ngddi dung, phan tfch cac van de phat sinh qua trinh phuc vu va tim kiem cae giai phap toi ud cho thy vien Ifi 153 £:' Hinh 4: dng dung RRD Uong thU vien He thong RFID dydc coi la giai phap quan ly cac tai lieu giay hieu qua giai doan hien Hinh 3: Mo hinh quan tri thu' vien va doi mdi sang tao ky nguyen dO'lieu Idn [15] Cong nghe la cd sd de cac thd vien xay ddng he thong ty dpng thong mmh viee quan ly Viec phan tieh dff lieu tdn thy vien se ho trd va to chdc kho, mdcin tra ty dpng, thong ke bao doi mdi sang tao thy vien so Thong qua phan cao ngydi dung, trien khai he thong an ninh tich dff lieu Idn ve thdi quen hanh vi ciia ngydi thy vien, hieu qua cong viec tang len hang ehuc, dimg, thd vien se tang cUdng trai nghiem va lam tham chf hang tram lan so vdi sd dung ngddi thoa man nhu cau thong tin cua ho hdn Tren cd [22] sd dd giup eac thd vien cung cap cac san pham Dai hpc Missouri-Kansas City da sd dyng he va dich vu cd tinh canh tranh va chi phi thap nhat thdng robot thong mmh viec Idu trff, tim 2.2 Robots RFID va tt/dgng hoa thif vien kiem va truy hoi tai lieu thd vien Sd dung robot thy vien cd the tiet kiem dddc lan dien Thy vien la mdt nhutig iinh vUe dddc tfch kho so vdi bai tri thdng thudng Thd vien tao dng dung sdm cac tyu khoa hpc va cong nhieu khong gian sang tao, thoai mai va linh nghe Cong nghe ket noi ciing vdi robot ty dpng hoat cho sinh vien va giang vien thong qua iiYig dang dUde ap dung vao thy vien vdi hai muc tieu: dung eong nghe tien tien Viec lify saeh va tra saeh (1) ty dpng hoa hoat dpng chuyen mon ciia thU deu robot t y dpng thyc hien mpt each chinh vien vdi viec uhg dung he thong day chuyen t y xac, tiet kiem tdi da thdi gian cho ngUdi dung tai dpng to chdc kho tai lieu va phuc vu ngydi diing thy vien den cac cong nghe kiem soat ngu'di diing va tdi yu hoa dieh vu thy vien; (2) bien thd vien O mpt khfa canh khac, sd dung robot de ho trd khong gian sang tao hpc tap thong qua hge tap thy vien cting da dydc trien khai viec du'a vao sy dung nhiJng cdng nghe mdi nhu Thang 9/2014, Thy vien Westport (Hoa Ky) lan dau robot tri tue nhan tao, may in 3D tien tnen khai robot vdi tri tue nhan tao la Nancy Cong nghe nhan dang tan so vo tuyen (RFID) va Vincent de ho trd sinh vien hpc lap trinh dang dydc sd dung rpng rai d nhieu ITnh vyc may tfnh [26] Cae robot cd the thyc hien eac dd cd nganh thd vien Cong nghe dypc yeu cau, nhan dang khudn mat, thyc hien cac cupe sd dyng de tim kiem va chi chd tai lieu/ thiet bi hpi thoai, di chuyen, da bdng va khieu vu Chiing thy vien; ludng mdc dp truy cap va sd dddc sd dung de thyc hanh phat trien cac dng dung tai lieu thd vien; xae d|nh cac thong dung phan mem dieu khien eac robot lam viec vdi nqdiii Cd the thay trien khai uYig dung cac cdng nghe hien dai de ty dpng hoa thy vien dang la xu the tat yeu Dieu dat cho eac thy vien Viet Nam viec utig dung eac cong nghe mdi cung nhy dao tao ngffdi de ap dyng va kiem soat dydc cong nghe 2.3 Giao tiep may vdi may va van vat ket Trong moi tru'dng so thi ket noi giffa ngffdi va may cting nhu' gitia may vdi may (M2M) la yeu eau bat buoc Van vat ket noi la mot mang Iffdi cac thiet bi sd dung hang dddc trang bj cac vi xd ly va cam bien ket noi lai vdi cd the thu thap va truyen dff lieu thong qua mang Internet Ndi mpt each khac loT bao gom: thiet bi dddc trang bj bo vi xff ly va cam bien vdi dff lieu trang web dffdc ket noi, cd he thong thu thap dff lieu, phan tfch cimg giao dien ngffcfi dung than thien (Hinh 5) Cong ty Cisco dy doan se ed 50 ty thiet bi cd ket noi Intemet den cuoi nam 2020 [9] #- o ^'va'cam b?en'"" " ' " ' " " ' "*'" ""*' '^'""' '''^" " S i ^ itOrg (.(^] cdng het nai FHin Iich Hinh 5: Cac ^anh phan cd ban cualoT [19] loT ket hdp vdi he thong phan mem thong minh dddc ffng dung rpng rai nhieu ITnh vdc nhy: nong nghiep thong minh, djnh vj va tim dydng, dieu khien giao thong, nha thdng minh, cham sdc sde khoe, dao tao tff xa, thiet bj deo thong minh, to lai tff dpng, phd thong minh, ban le vdi mua sam thong mmh, kiem soat nang Iddng Diem quan trpng cua loT la cae doi tddng ed the dddc nhan biet va djnh dang (identifiable) Neu moi doi tydng, ke ca ngydi, dydc "danh dau" de phan biet ban than doi tddng dd vdi nhffng thff xung quanh thi chiing ta cd the hoan toan quan ly dUdc nd thong qua may tinh cd ket ndi Internet M3c dii loT van giai doan sd khai, nhffng nd cd tiem nang rat Idn cho cae thy vien Cae nghien cdu chi rang loT da va dang dydc dng dyng vao hoat dpng eiia cac thd vien, eae djch vy thy vien da tfch hdp vdi IPT [14, 16, 24], Pujara va Satyanarayanab (2015) eho rang cac thy vien ed the ap dung loT de bo sung gia tri gia tang cho eae djch vu va cung cap nhutig trai nghiem thyc sy cho ngydi dung ciia minh [18] Cae dng dung ciia loT thy vien cd the bao gom: Xay dutig eac toa nha thy vien thong minh: Oieu khien he thong dieu hoa, he thong anh sang, dp on, danh gia khu vye bi qua tai thong qua utig dung dien thoai thong minh He thong kiem soat va theo ddi an ninh toa nha eung dydc dieu khien bdi cae uhg dung tren dien thoai Bang viec utig dyng loT, thd vien cd the quan tri cae trang thiet bj va nang lydng hieu qua hdn Truy cap vao thy vien va cac nguon thong tin: Vdi viee sd dung the thy vien ao, ngudi dimg ed the sff dyng dien thoai thong minh vdi dng dyng eua thd vien de truy cap va khai tJiac cac nguon Idc thff vien Hp dddc hffdng dan tryc quan thong qua sd 3D thy vien, xac djnh vi trf tai lieu, tham chf la dpc cac ttiong tin lien quan ve tai lieu tren cac trang dien tff nhy Amazon tryde quyet djnh mydn tai lieu tff thff vien Kiem soat bp suy tap: Viee sff dung cac cong nghe nhff RFID, NFC, ma vach, ma QR, hinh md, ky thuat so de danh dau (tagging) cho cac doi tffdng (trang thiet bj, tai lieu, ngydi) thy vien va ket ndi ehdng thong qua w/ifi, mang vien thong (3G, 4G, 5G), bluetooth, hong ngoai se tao mpt he sinh thai ket ndi va typng tae thy vien Thong qua dd cd the kiem soat va to chdc khai thac tot cae bp sud tap nay, chSng han nhy han ehe xep nham eho cua tai lieu, su" dyng toi da vdng ddi eua tai lieu Nghien cud ngydi dung va cai tien dich vu: loT eung cho phep nghien cud ngffdi diing thong qua viee dem so Iffdng ngffdi diing den thff vien, nhffng tai lieu ma hp mffdn, khu vye nao eua thy vien bi qua tai vao thdi gian nao, thdi quen, sd ttiich sff dyng thff vien, cac tff khoa ma hp go vao 4(78) tim kiem , thu thap va phan ti'ch nhffng so lieu cho phep ngddi lam thff vien dua eac quyet dinh chien lude, tao trai nghiem hieu qua va hieu qua hdn cho ngddi diJng ciia hp Ho trd ngu'di diing khai thac diu" vien: Ngydi dimg can cd sy hieu biet nhat djnh de khai thae eac dich vu va tai nguyen thong rin eiia thU vien dupe hieu qua loT se giiip cung cap nhiJtig hydng dan thu'c te ao eho ngydi diing Chang han thy vien se thiet lap eae thiet bi thu phat tfn hieu tai nhieu diem thU vien, ngu'di diing den mot khu vyc eu the thd vien, dien thoai eiia hp se chay doan video hoac audio gidl thieu ve khu vyc nay, hydng dan hp sff dung tien ieh mpt each toi da Hp cd the khai thac cae bp sUu tap ma ban giay bi han che tiep can thong qua ban dien tff cua tai lieu loT cijng ed the dya tren tim kiem ciia ngffdi diing de gdi y cac tai lieu ma cd the hp quan tam Tham chf ngffdi dimg den thy vien lan tiep theo, loT cd the chil dpng thong bao nhting tai lieu mdi ve Iinh vffc do, hoac cac tai lieu hp yeu cao mUdn lan trydc dang ban gid da sin sang Dich vu dmh vj dja diem: Ngddi diing ngoi d nha hoac ndi iam viee se len danh mye cac tai lieu ma ho can thong qua tai khoan thUvien Khi den thU vien vdi thiet bi dien thoai dddc ket noi loT, hp se dddc hUdng din den cac gia sach ed tai lieu hp can, eung ciip rinh trang mydn ciia tai lieu, t d viin them cac tai lieu linh vyc hp quan tam Thong qua ffng dung ciia thU vien, ngUdi diing cd the kiem tra dUde rinh trang sin sang ciia cac phdng dpc, phong thao luan, may in, may quet, may tfnh de chii dong dang ky sd dung 2.4 Bien toan dam may Chuyen doi sang moi trffdng so vdi dmh dang thong tin so, thy vien se gap ap lyc ve kho lyu trff so vdl yeu cau la khong gian Iffu trff khong gidi han va dam bao sff an toan cho lyu trff vinh vien Liic nhu cau ve lUu trff trffc tuyen ciia thu' vien xuat hien, dien toan dam may la mpt nhffng lffa chpn ciia thy vien Dien toan dam may la mpt phUdng thdc mdi lUu trff, chia se va sff dung tai nguyen thdng rin Dien toan dam may ho trd chia se tai nguyen thong rin va dich vu tren nen tang Internet thay vi sff dung ngi bp nhU trUdc day SU ket hdp giiJa may ehu, he thong mang, ket noi, dng dung va tai nguyen thong rin tao nen dien toan dam may [12] Triet ly dien toan dam may la thong tin luU trff trffc tuyen va ed the khai thac mpi liic, mpi ndi Nag va Nikam (2016) dffa cifu true eua dien toan dam may ffng dyng cho thUvien vdi phan tach biet: phan danh cho ngddi diing va phan dam may hay goi la phan he thong (Hinh 6) [16] Hai phan ket ndi vdi thong qua he thong mang Internet vdi ket noi cam bien khong day (WSN) Trong phan he thdng se bao gom may tfnh, may chii va he thdng Iffu trff dff lieu de tao eae dich vu dien toan dam may Hinb 6: He thong dien toan dam may ifng dung thW vien [16] Cac thu vien thay vi phai dau tff mgt he thdng Iffu trff, may chii, dUdng ket ndi Internet toe cao de trien khai cung cap cac djch vy va tai nguyen thdng rin thi cd the sff dung cac dich vy dien toan dam may eiia eac nha cung cap Oieu se giiip thy vien tiet kiem dUdc ehi phf khifu hao ciia thiet bi, tranh lang phf nguon tai nguyen eiia thiet bj khdng diing het, khong phai tra lydng cho doi ngu ky thuat bao tri he thong Vdi tnet ly diing bao nhieu tra bay nhieu se giup thy vien tff ehu khai thac he thong Tuy nhien thffc te cho thay, tai Viet Nam eac thy vien chua the riep can dUdc djch vu ehi phf thydng nien rao cung nhy tam ly phai cd may ehii tai thy vien thi mdi kiem soat dydc thong tin LTng dung dien toan dam may thd vien se bao gom: (1) Xay dffng thy vien so va cae lull trff so eho nguon tai nguyen cua minh, dam bao truy cap den nguon tai nguyen 24/7; (2) Tim kiem dff lieu/ tai nguyen cua thff vien OCLC la mpt vi du dien hinh cua sff dyng dien toan dam may viee chia se dff lieu cua thff vien, cae djch vy cua hp nhu bo sung, bien muc, luy thong deu tnen khai tren nen tang cua he thdng quan tri chia se tai nguyen tren w/eb; (3) Djch vy lud trff trang web (website hosting); (4) Tim kiem cac npi dung hpc thuat thong qua phffdng thffc tim kiem tap trung (Web scale discovery) Hien nay, tren the gidi cd mot so djch vy tim kiem tap trung ndi rieng cd the ke den nhff Summon (ciia ProQuest), Primo (ciia Ex Libris), EBSCO Discovery Service (cua EBSCO) va WorldCat Discovery Services (ciia OCLC); (5) Xay dyng cpng dong mang Iffdi cac thff vien va chuyen gia; (6) Ty dpng hoa toan bp hpat dpng ciia thff vien thdng qua iitig dung cae phan mem thff vien ehuyen dung Thach thu'c va yeu cau doi mdi doi vdii thU vien Vidt Nam Cd the thay CMCN 4.0 dang tao cd hoi Idn cho nganh thff vien de do'i mdi va tien vao ky nguyen so nhff mot phan quan trpng thuc day phat trien nien kinh te so Tuy nhien, nganh thff vien cting 6dng trffdc nhtidg thach thffc khdng nhd dd la: may mdc se lify mift viec ciia ngffdi lam thff vien, thdi quen hanh vi khai thac sff dung thong tin cua ngffdi diing thay ddi sff phat trien eua edng nghe, chuyen doi mo hinh hoat ddng ciia thff vien so 4.0 tff mo hinh thff vien truyen thdng, dao tao nguon nhan lyc dap utig cho md hinh thy vien mdi, giai quyet van de ban quyen so qua trinh chuyen doi so, an ninh thong tin mdi trydng sd, vai trd ciia thy vien giao due trye tuyen va truy cap md Thach thffc ve viec lam mdi trydng sd: Theo nghien cffu eua Oai hpc Oxford thi nganh thu vien la nganh nam sd cac nganh se dffdc tff dpng hoa, cting co nghia la ngffdi lam thy vien se bi mat vj tri viec lam bdi may tinh, Cu the vi tri doi vdi ky thuat vien thff vien nguy cd bj thay the bdi robot t y dpng la 99%, cdn ddi vdi ngydi lam thy vien thi nguy cd bj thay the bdi Tao chi THI/VIEN VIET N may tfnh la 65% Dieu dat mdt thach thffc ddi vdi ngffdi lam thff vien va ban than cac thff vien viec thay ddi va thich ffng eung nhff rim dffdc gia tri rieng cho vai trd ngffdi lam thy vien va thff vien boi canh mdi Bieu 1: Cac cong viec cd the dupc tfiay the bdi may tinh [21] Thay dd'i thdi quen ciia ngffdi dting - cdng dan so (digital citizen) dang dat ap lye len thu vien Google dang la mpt kho tai nguyen vo tan neu biet khai thae, ben canh cac nguon tai nguyen md dang cang phat trien, tai lieu dddc xuat ban so vdi gia re hdn rat nhieu so vdi tai lieu in Day chfnh la nhffng ddi trpng trffc tiep ciia thff vien bdi sff rien ldi va than thien eiia chiing doi vdi ngydi diing NgUdi dung vdi thiet bi dau cuoi thdng mmh hydng tdi sff tien ldi, dd xu the khai thac tai nguyen sd cang gia tang, hp can thong tin cd tfnh tdng hdp, ngan gon va thdi gian ngan Tift ca nhffng thach thffc ddi hoi cac thU vien phai cd each tiep can phii hdp, dac bJet la ffng dung cac tffu eiia khoa hpc cdng nghe de gia tang gia tri cho cac san pham dich vu va tang trai nghiem cho ngffdi dung Chuyen doi mo hinh thy vien so 4.0: Cau hdi dat la thy vien tffdng lai se nhy the nao? 06 la Thff vien so thong minh - Thff vien so theo ngff canh - Semamtre Digital Library, ket ndi giffa thdng rin va xa hpi moi trffdng so de cung cap san pha'm va djch vu giau tinh ca nhan hoa hudng tdi ngu'di dimg lam trung tam [7, 11] Thff vien so 4.0 dffdc coi la thy vien thdng minh, ket hdp nhieu edng nghe hien dai Od ia mo hinh thu vien rich hdp vdi khong glan sang tao, cdng nghe nhan dang noi dung, truy cap md, dff lieu ldn, djch vu dien toan dam may, cong nghe 4(78) sr&" TVlnn*nlhlng|^_^_^"^ Nam, Oo Van Hung (2019) da de xuift khung nang Iffc mdi danh cho ngffdi lam thy vien Viet Nam the ky XXI Trong dd n3ng Idc ciia ngu'di lam thU vien dUdc hinh bdi nhdm finh vffc .„a, " Hinh 8: SUphat trien cua did vien [17] thye te ao, cdng nghe hien thj Oieu ehi vai trd rat quan trpng eiia ngydi lam thy vien viec tfch hdp cac cdng nghe tren vao hoat dpng thy vien Nhy vay, c6 the thay nhu cau cap thiet viec dao tao nhan lye thy vien 4.0 Cau hdi dat la dieu gi se xay mdi trydng mdi sy khac biet giiJa khdng gian vat ly va khong gian mang da bj xoa bd' Khi ma ngydi diing khong can den thu vien cijng cd the khai thac dddc tai lieu tff thff vien' Ngoai viec den thff vien de khai thae thdng rin, thi thy vien se trd khdng gian van hoa, khdng gian sang tao, ket noi cpng dong va chia se tri thffc Loai hinh tai lieu thy vien se thay doi nhieu hdn: di nhien la d djnh dang so Tuy nhien, khong chi ddn thuan la sach, bao - tap chf ma dff lieu dang md phdng, dff lieu nghien ciftj co t^e se chiem ty trpng nhieu hdn, cac loai hinh tai lieu sd da phUdng tien cting se dan phd bien, Dleu dat thach thffc cho cac thy vien xff ly, to chffc, lull trff va khai thae cac nguon tai lieu Oao tao ngydi lam thff vien so 4.0: Ngffdi lam thff vien so 4.0 la ngffdi am hieu cong nghe va eau true ciia thdng rin va he thong thong rin Hp ehuyen do'i vai trd tff ngffdi giff thdng rin sang vai trd ngffdi tu van va chuyen giao thdng tin Oe lam chuyen gia tu van hp can nen tang tot ve edng nghe thdng rin, kien thffc ve khoa hpc thff vien va sy hieu biet ve ITnh vyc hay doi tUdng ngydi diing ma hp se phuc vu Tren eO sd tham khao cae khung nang lyc danh cho ngffdi lam thU vien eiia Hoa Ky (ALA), Canada (CARL), Oxtraylia (ALIA) va IFLA ket hdp vdi khao sat thffc riin tai Viet 10 Hinh 9: NSng lut can cd cua ngu'di lam thd viin so the ky XXI [1] Cu the, cac nang Iffc bao gom: (1) Kien thffc nen timg ve mdi trydng xa hoi, van hoa, kinh te, chinh tri va dao dffc nghe nghiep, luat phap; (2) Ky nang mem nhU kha nang thich ffng, sy linh hoat, sy hffng thu vdi nhuTig trai nghiem va kien thffc mdi, kha nang giao riep, nang Iffc dam phan, kha nang quyet djnh, ky nang giai quyet van de, cd sang kien mdi va ty sang tao ciing t y doi mdi, kha nang phoi hdp va hdp tac cdng viec; (3) Nang lyc lanh dao va quan ly; (4) Nang lye xay dutig va quan trj tai nguyen thdng tin; (5) Nang lyc thong rin viee tim kiem, tham djnh va sff dung thdng rin; (6) Nang lye nghien cffu va ehuyen giao vdi kha nang trien khai cac nghien cffu dpc lap eung nhff ho trd trien khai cae nghien ciitj; (7) Ky nang cdng nghe thdng tin Dao tao cac nang Iffe thffc sy la mpt thach thyc doi vdi cac cd sd dao tao nganh thu vien tai Viet Nam [1], Ban quyen sd qua trinh ehuyen ddi so: Mpt nhtitig van de dat dd ban quyen so cho nhffng tai lieu da xuat ban dffdi dang tai lieu in Viec so hoa, chia se va bien loai tai lieu dffdc sd hoa dang la van de gay tranh cai va gap phai rao can phap ly doi vdi phap luat hien hanh ta[Viet J^am Chang han, hanh dong so hoa mdt mpt cuon saeh ma cac thff vien dang lam dffdc cho la hanh vi vi pham ban quyen tac gia Luat Sd hffu tri tue: chep tac pha'm ma khdng dddc phep cua tae gia, nhan ban, san xuat ban sao, phan phoi, trffng bay hoac truyen dat tae pham den cdng chung qua mang truyen thong va cac phUdng rien ky thuat so ma khdng dffdc phep cua chil sd hud quyen tac gia [4] Ro rang day la mpt rao can thffc sff eho eac thy vien viec so hoa, chia se va phuc vy ngydi diing tren moi trydng sd An ninh thong rin mdi trydng sd: Trong thff vien, an ninh thong rin dffdc tiep can d hai khfa canh dd la bao ve tai nguyen thong rin ciia thff vien va thong rin ngffdi diing tren moi trffdng mang Ranh gidi ve quyen rieng tff va bao ve dff lieu se dffdc xae dinh lai boi canh hien Thff vien dang va se trien khai cac dieh vu trffc tuyen, ket hdp vdl eac doi tac cong nghe, tai chfnh va djch vu, tham gia mang xa hoi se can luff y den vifn de quyen rieng tff cua ngffdi dung cting nhy dff lieu ea nhan ma hg thu thap Vdi Luat Tiep can thong tin (2016) va Luat An ninh mang (2018), cac thff vien va ngffdi lam thff vien can trang bj cho minh nhutig kien thffc nen tang ve an toan thdng tin va bao ve quyen rieng tff eua mdi ea nhan, dong thdi tao dieu kien eho moi cong dan ed quyen dffdc riep can thdng tin theo nhu cau va khudn kho phap luat cho phep [2, 3] Truy cap md va giao due trffc tuyen: Giao due trffc tuyen dang phat trien manh tai Viet Nam va nd se pha vd ket cifu hoat dpng hpc tiip eua ngddi hpc Cae khoa hpe trye tuyen va tai nguyen giao due md mien phi nhu MOOC, SPOC, OCW va OER dang la xu the mdi hien Gia tri cua giao dye md la tao cd hpi hoc tap eho tat ca mpi ngudi Giao due md la eon dydng hffu hieu va kha thi de thoa man nhffng muon ed dffdc trinh dp dai hpe ma khdng tao them ganh nang cho giao due d bae hpe Cac ed sd dao tao ffng dung cong nghe de thay doi he thdng giao due truylen thong nham dap iitig tdt hdn nhu cau ciia mot xa hpl hoc tap ky nguyen thdng rin Trong bdi aDchiTHirvrfNVllfNA canh nay, thff vien ddng vai trd rift quan nhff la ndi eung cap tai nguyen eho viec hpc tap sudt ddi cua ngffdi dan tff cac khoa hpc den eae nguon hoc lieu md va trd trung tam cua cpng dong, ndi ket hdp sffc manh tdng hdp ciia dao tao chinh thffc va phi chfnh thffc Ket luan CMCN 4.0 vdl nhutig cong nghe Hen tien nhff dff lieu Idn, tri tue nhan tao, robot ty dpng, van vat ket ndi, dien toan dam may da va dang tae dpng trye tiep lam thay doi can ban thu vien tren eae khia eanh nhu khai thae thong rin sd, lull trff thong rin sd va quan trj dff lieu, xay dffng eac san pham va djch vu ca nhan hoa, md hinh thy vien ket hdp khong gian vat ly va khong gian mang tat ca deu nham muc tieu mang lai sy trai nghiem tot nhat cho ngydi diing - nhffng cdng dan so nen kinh te tri thffc Thach thffc vie vai trd va vi tri viee lam ciia ngffdi lam thff vien, sff thay doi thdi quen sff dung thdng rin cua ngUdi dung, ehuyen doi md hinh hoat dgng ciia thff vien so 4.0 va dao tao ngffdi lam thff vien sd 4.0 cho giai doan phat trie'n mdi eua thu vien, van de ban quyen sd den an ninh thdng rin, hd trd thiic day giao due md se la nhDtig vifn de ma nganh thff vien se phai giai quyet nhtitig thap ky tdi neu muon thffc hien tdt sff menh ciia minh viec chuyen giao tri thffc va thue day doi mdi sang tao TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Do Van Hung Khung nang Idc cdt loi danh cho can bg thd vien Viet Nam the ky XXI // Tap chf Thong rin va TU lieu - 2019 - Sd - Tr 210 Luat An ninh mang So 24/2018/QH14 ciia Quoc hpl, ban hanh 12/6/2018 https:// luatvietnam.vn/an-ninh-quoc-gla/luat-an-ninhmang-2018-luat-an-ninh-mang-so-24-2018-qhl4164904-dl.html Truy cap 22/3/2019 Luat Tiep can thong tin So 104/2016/QH13, ban hanh 06/4/2016 http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id = l&_page = l&mode=detail&document_id=184568 Truy cap 22/3/2019, 4(78) 11 Luat Sd hffu tri tue Sd 19/VBHN-VPQH ciia Quoc hoi, ban hanh 18/12/2013 https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/So-huu-tri-tue/Van-banhop-nhat-19-VBHN-VPQH-nam-2013-hop-nhat-Luatso-huu-tri-tue-220039.aspx Truy cap 22/3/2019 Quyet djnh so 846/QD-Trg 09/06/2017 ciia Thil tudng Chinh phii: Ban hanh Danh muc dich vu cong tryc tuyen mffc dp va thyc hien tai cac bo, nganh, dia phUdng nam 2017 http://vanban chinhphu.vn/portal/page/porta l/chinhphu/hethongvanban'class_id=2&_page=l&mode=detail&documentjd=190018 Truy cap 22/3/2019 True lien thong van ban quoc gia: Dot pha manh me vao tuduy giay td http://vpcp.chJnhphu vn/Home/Truc-lien-thong-van-ban-quoc-gia-Dotpha-manh-me-vao-tu-duy-giay-to/20193/25615 vgp Truy cap 22/3/2019 data-produced-every-day/ Truy cap 22/3/2019 14 Liang, X., and Chen, Y Libraries in Internet of Things (loT) era II Library Hi Tech - 2018 15 Liu, S., and Shen, X.L Library management and Innovation in the Big Data Era II Library Hi Tech - 2018 - No 36 (3), - R 374-377, 16 Nag, A and Nikam, K Internet Of Things applications in academic libraries II International Journal of Information Technology and Library Science, - 2016 - Volume 5, - No, 1, - R 1-7 17 Noh, Y Imagining Library 4.0: Creating a Model for Future Libraries II The Journal of Academic Librarranship - 2015 - No 41 (6) - R 786-797 18 Pujara, M and Satyanarayanab, K V Internet of Things and libraries Shamprasad II Annals of Library and Information Studies - 2015 Alotaibi, S Semanticweb technologies lor Vol 62 - R 186-190 digital libraries: Fromiibraries to Social Semantic 19 Rajiv What are the major components of Digital Libraries (SSDL) Over Semantic Digital Libraries Internet of Things - 2018 https://www.rfpage.com/ (SDL) // The 4th Saudi International Conference what-are-the-major-components-of-mternet-ofUK: University of Manchester, 2010 things/ Truy cap 22/3/2019 Ellen Frederick, Donna Libraries, data and 20 Saturno, M.; Pertel V M and Deschamps, the fourth industrial revolution (Data Deluge F Proposal of an automation solutions architecture Column) // Library Hi Tech News - 2016 -No 33 for Industry 4.0 II 24th International Conference on R 9-12 Production Research, - 2017 Evans, D The Internet of Things: How the 21 Scott, P These are the jobs most at risk of next evolution of the Internet is changing everything automation according to Oxford University: Is yours II Cisco White Paper - 2011 https://www.cisco one of them? - 2017 https://wMW.telegraph.co.ulV com/c/dam/en_us/about/ac79/docs/innDv/IoT_IBS news/2017/09/27/jobs-risk-automation-accordingG_0411FINAL.pdf Truy cap 20/3/2019 oxford-university-one/ Truy cap 22/3/2019 10 Hilbert, M., Lopez, P The World's technological capacity to store, communicate, and compute 22 Shien Chiang Yu Implementation of an information II Science - 2011 - No.332 (6025), - R Innovative RFID application in libraries II Library Hi 60-65 Tech - 2008 - Vol 26 - R 398-410 11 Kamlesh and Rajoot, L Semantic Digital Library H Internabonal Conference on Advanced Computing (ICAC) - 2016 - R 198-201 12 Kaushik, A and Kumar, A Application of cloud computing in libraries U International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology - 2013 - No (4) - R 270-273, 23 Sreenivasulu, V The role of a digital librarian in the management of digital information systems (DIS) // The Electronic Library - 2000 - Vol 18 - R 12-20, 24 Stefanidis, K and Tsakonas, G Integration of Library Services with Intemet of Things Technologies II Code4Lib Journal, - 2015, - Issue 30 https;//jour13 Khoso, M How much data IS produced every nal,code4lib.org/articles/10897 Truy cap 22/3/2019 day?II Northeastern University - 2016 https://vmw northeastern.edu/Ievelblog/2016/05/13/how-muchXem tiep trang 51 12 ... luatvietnam.vn/an-ninh-quoc-gla/luat-an-ninhmang- 201 8-luat-an-ninh-mang-so- 24- 201 8-qhl41 649 04 - dl.html Truy cap 22/3/ 201 9 Luat Tiep can thong tin So 1 04 / 201 6/QH13, ban hanh 06 /4/ 201 6 http://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/hethongvanban?class_id... can bg thd vien Viet Nam the ky XXI // Tap chf Thong rin va TU lieu - 201 9 - Sd - Tr 2 10 Luat An ninh mang So 24/ 201 8/QH 14 ciia Quoc hpl, ban hanh 12/6/ 201 8 https:// luatvietnam.vn/an-ninh-quoc-gla/luat-an-ninhmang- 201 8-luat-an-ninh-mang-so- 24- 201 8-qhl41 649 04 - dl.html... https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/So-huu-tri-tue/Van-banhop-nhat-19-VBHN-VPQH -nam- 201 3-hop-nhat-Luatso-huu-tri-tue-2 200 39.aspx Truy cap 22/3/ 201 9 Quyet djnh so 846 /QD-Trg 09 /06 / 201 7 ciia Thil tudng Chinh phii: Ban hanh Danh muc dich vu cong tryc tuyen mffc dp va thyc hien tai cac bo, nganh, dia phUdng nam