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Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM SS 44 nam 2013 THlTC TRANG DIEU CHINH XUC CAM CUA NGUdi LAM THAM VAN TAM LI d THANH PHO H CHI MINH VO THI TU'tl/NG VY" T M TAT Bdi bdo di cap thuc trgng diiu chinh xiic cam cita ngudi Idm tham vdn tim li tgi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (TPHCM) Thfc trgng duac nghien dm thdng qua md td trdi nghiem xuc cam vd cdc dien biin xuc cdm, cUng nhu cdch dieu chinh xiic cdm cua hp Tit khda: xiic cam, difeu chinh xdc cam, ngudi lam tham van tam li ABSTRACT The fact of emotional adjustments of the counseling psychologlstsin Ho Chi Minh City This article mentions the fact of emotional adjustments of counseling psychologists working in HCM City It is studied through the descriptions of emotional experience and emotion development, as well as their ways of adjusting emotions Keywords; emotion, emotional adjustment, counseler Li nghiln cihi Trong thyc ti cdng tac tham vin, ngudi lam tham vin tam li phai ludn ddi mat vdi nhGng xiic cam tieu cyc cua than ehii, nhu: gian dii, buin phien, lo ling, mac cam Xiic cam ludn cd tinh lan truyin, vi vay, nhilng kinh nghiSm ve xiic cam cua than chil ciing cd thi la kinh nghiem cua ngudi tham vin Mdt mat, ngudi tham vin s6 mang nhilng xiic cam ay tac ddng nguge lai than chu va lam mit di tinh khach quan ciia tiin trinh tham van Mat khac, xiic cam dd se gay anh hudng xau den ddi sdng xuc cam cua ngudi tham vin Nhu vly, thyc ti cdng tac tham vin dat ydu ciu: Ngudi lam tham vin tam li cin hiit ty diiu chinh xiic cam hieu qua ThS, Trudng Oai hpc Su pham TPHCM 54 Trong nghien ciru nay, dieu chinh xiic cam dugc hiiu la sy chinh siia cac xiic cam (tir xiic cam khdng mong mudn din xiic cam mong muin) nhim phii hgp vdi "md hinh xiic cam tdi uu" Ddi vdi ngudi lam tham vin tam li, diiu chinh xiic cam nhim thyc hien tdt edng viec cua mmh Cu the la tim hiiu diiu chinh xiic cam thdng qua trai nghiSm xiic cam, diin biin trang thai xiic cam va each thdc ngudi lam tham vin sd dyng di diiu ehinh xuc cam ciia hg cdng vifc The thu'c nghiSn ciru MlfC tiiu nghien ciiru Md ta thyc trang diiu ehinh xuc cam cua ngudi lam tham vin tam h d TPHCM hien Khdch the nghien cmi Gom 75 ngudi lam cdng tac tham vin tam li tren dja ban TPHCM ' Phuong phdp nghiln cm Vd Thi Tic&ng Vy Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Ngudi 1dm tham van tam li trdi Chiing tdi sir dyng phuong phap nghiem rat nhieu xiic cam khde nhau, rat diiu tra bang bang hdi Mire dg diiu da dang va phong phii; cd ca chinh xiic cam dugc danh gia tr8n tiSu nhOng xiic cam khdng mong mudn phdt chi: nhan thirc va hanh vi dieu chinh xdc sinh d nhiing tinh hudng, su kien khdc cam Dimg phuong phap thing kd tpan Tdng hgp trai nghiSm xiic cdm eua hgc de tinh diim tnmg binh (TB) va dp ngudi lam tham vin tam li eac tinh lech chuan cua nhdm de phan loai mire hudng dien hinh dugc trinh bay d bdng 1, dd dieu chinh xiic cam Kit qua nghi£n cihi vi thyrc tr^ng 2, dudi day: dieu chinh xiic cSm cua ngudi Urn tham van tim li d TPHCM hif n Bdng Trdi nghiem xuc cam cua ngudiIdm tham vdn tdm li cdc tinh huong (n- -75) Tinh huong Lo ling (%) Than chu rat can dugc trg giiip tSm • nhung chi den kham mpt lin va sau 32,0 d di ludn khdng quay trd lai nhu Idi ?n Than chu ndi to, dap ban, quat nha 8,0 lam van Than chii cd nhilng idi ndi nghi gd va che bai nSng lye ciia nha tham 2,7 Th5n chil hoan toan im lang, ididng hju ndi bat cii dieu gi ve van de cda P Than chu cd Idi ndi lang ma, xuc ham gen din nlia nha tliam tham van vin nam Than chu gpi diSn, nhan tin quay ly nha tham van , Than chu bj ngupc dai, bj gSy tdn luong nghiem trpng vi thi xac lin nhthin Than chu bj chinh ngudi than ciia linh lam dyng tinh dye Than chii nhilm HIV va dang cd 20,0 Buin (%) Bye b§i Sy hai (%) (%) 16,0 That vong Bii (%) (%) 14,7 5,3 Khdng CO xuc cam khdng mong muon (%) 28,0 4,0 4,0 18,7 53,3 24,0 1,3 5,3 13,3 52,0 26,7 41,3 10,7 41,3 8,0 40,0 2,7 2,7 2,7 5,3 21,3 9,3 1,3 36 58,7 16,0 5,3 4,0 41,3 16,0 6,7 4,0 6,7 5,3 20,0 62,7 1,3 2,7 1,3 4,0 4,0 24,0 16,0 55 Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM quan he tinh due khdng an toan vdi nhieu ngudi 10 Than chu cu lang vang y ngliT ty sat dau va cung da de cap each 65,3 de ehet ca tham van 11 Than chii dung dao lam tu rach nhieu dudng d cd tay, nham buy hoai 52,0 CO the cua minh 12 Than chu bj mat ngudi than, td 28,0 qua tuyet vong va dau budn 13 Than chu yeu ngudi ciing gidi (ddng tinh luyen ai) bj ngudi nha len 20,0 an, gay ap lye budc phai tir bd ngudi yeu cua minh 14 Than chil ngheo ddj, khdng co du diiu kien vat chit tdi thiiu di sinh 37,3 sdng Bang eho thay: Lo lang, budn, bye bdi, bdi rdi la nhiing xuc cam cua nhilng ngudi lam tham vin tam li thudng trai nghiem cdng viec Cu thi la: Ngudi lam tham vin lo ling "Than chu rat cin dupe trg giup tam li nhung chi din kham mdt lin va sau dd di ludn khdng quay trd lai nhu Idi hen", "Than chii ggi diin, nhan tin quiy riy nha tham vin", "Than chu bj ngugc dai, bj gay tin thuong nghiem trgng vi thi xac lin tinh thin", "Than chu bj chinh ngudi than cua minh lam dung tinh due", "Than chu nhilm HIV va dang ed quan he tinh dye khdng an toan vdi nhieu ngudi", "Than chu cii lang vang y nghT ty sat diu va cQng da di ciip den each de chit ca tham vin", "Than chii dung dao lam ty rach nhiiu dudng d cd tay, nhim hdy hoai co thi eiia minh", "Than chu yeu ngudi cimg gidi (ddng tinh luyin ai) bj ngudi nha len an, gay ap lye bu0c phai tir bd ngudi 56 So 44 nam 2013 4,0 1,3 1,3 2,7 5,3 6,7 1,3 5,3 12,0 2,7 20,0 20,0 29,3 1,3 1,3 5,3 34,7 2,7 0 1,3 10,7 65,3 26,7 0 1,3 8,0 26,7 yeu cua minh" va "Than chu ngheo ddi, khdng cd du diiu kiSn vat chit tii thiiu di sinh sdng"Ngudi lam tham van budn "Than chu ed nhiing Idi ndi nghi ngd va chd bai nang lue eua nha tham vin" va "Than chu bj mit ngudi than, td qua tuyet vgng va dau budn" Ngudi lam tham van thit vpng "Than chii cd idi ndi lang ma, xiic pham din nha tham vin" va sg hai "Than chu ndi to, dap ban, quat nha tham vin" bpac "Than ehu hoan toan im lang, khdng chju ndi bit cil diiu gi vi vin de cua hp" Trong sd cae cam xuc cdng viec cua ngudi lam tham vin tam li trai nghiem, lo ling la xuc cam biiu hien thudng xuyen nhit (J=2,19), tiip din la budn ( J = 1,83) va bdi rdi (X=l,73) (xem bang 2), Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Vo Thi Tudtng Vy Bdng Tdn sudt bieu hipn xdc cdm cua ngudi lam tham vdn tdm li (n=75) Diim TB Dg Ifch chuan Lolang 2,19 0,968 Bye bdi 1,53 0,684 Budn 1,83 0,742 Sghai 1,17 0,476 That vgng 1,41 0,617 Bdi rdi 1,73 0,684 Loai xdc cJm Dien bien tryng thai xiic cam cua ngudi lam tham vin qua trinh lam viec d mdc dp khac cimg mdt sy kien, tinh hudng va ciing d mire dd khac cac tinh hudng, sy kien khac Bang cho thiy: (xem bang 3) Ngudi lam tham vin trai nghifm cam xiic bye hpi tinh huong "Than chu hoan toan im lang, khdng chju ndi bit cii dilu gi vi vin di cua hp" d mire cao hon tinh hudng "Than chu td qua nhu nhugc va bao ehe cho hanh vi bao hanh cua chdng minh" (Jf =3,49 so vdi 3,00) Ngudi lam tham vin trai nghiem cam xuc bdi rdi "Than chu giii tin nhin, ggi dien thoai va td 1$ thu0c, niu k^o ngudi lam tham van tam li" d miic cao hon "Vin di cua than chu cang giing vdi vin di ciia minh" (A" =3,31 so vdi 3,12) Ngudi lam tham vin trai nghiem cam xiic lo ling "Than chd cii lang Thd' b^c vang y nghT ty sat dau va cung da de cap each de ehet ca tham van" d mure cao hon "Than ehu khdng cd ngudi than giup dd, bj bd ddi va khdng du dieu kien sdng tdi thieu" (X =2,25 so vdi 2,19) Ngudi lam tham van trai nghiem cam xiic thit vpng "Than chd cd nhirng idi ndi nghi ngd va chi bai nang lye cua nha tham vin" d miic cao hon "Than chu rat can dugc trg gidp tam li nhung clii den Idiam mdt lin va sau dd di ludn, khdng quay trd lai nhu Icri h?n" (X =3,17 so vdi 2,85) Ngudi lam tham vin trai nghi$m cam xuc sg hai "Than chu tiet Id minh bj nhiem HIV" d mdc cao hon "Than chu ndi to, dap ban va quat nha tham vin." (J=3,55 so vdi 3,51) Ngudi lam tham vin trai nghi?m cam xuc budn "ca tham vin da kit thuc" va Ifhi "than chd qua tuy^t vgng va dau budn mat ngudi than" 57 Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM SS 44 ndm 2013 Bdng Diin biin trang thdi xuc cdm cua ngudi tham vdn qud trinh lam viec STT Trang thai xiic cam Dilm TB So Ifch chuan Bye bdi than chu hoan toan im lang, khdng chju ndi bat eu dieu gi ve van de cua hp 3,49 0,645 Bye bdi than chu td qua nhu nhupe va bao che eho hanh vi bao hanh cua chdng minh 3,00 * 0,900 Bdi rdi vin di cua than chu cang gidng vdi van de cua minh 3,12 0,958 Bdi rdi than chd gui tin nhan, gpi dipn thoai va td le thudc, niu keo ngudi lam tham vin tam li 3,31 0,822 Lo lang than chii cd lang vang ^ nghT tu sat dau va cdng da de cap each de ehet ea tham van 2,25 0,974 Lo ling than chu khdng cd ngudi than giup dd, bj bd ddi va khdng du dieu ki?n sdng tdi thieu 2,19 0,926 That vpng than chu rat can dugc trg giup tam li nhung chi den kham mgt lan va sau dd di ludn, khdng quay trd lai nhu Idi hen 2,85 0,954 That vpng than ehu ed nhilng Idi ndi nghi ngd va ehe bai nang luc cua nha tham van 3,17 0,964 Sg hai than chu tiit Ip minh bj nhilm HIV 3,55 0,827 10 Sg hai than chu ndi to, dap ban va quat nha tham vin 3,51 0,724 Budn thiy than chu qua tuyet vgng va dau budn mit 11 ngudi than 2,79 0,759 12 Ndi budn dec bim tdi ca ca tham vin da ket thiic 3,29 0,802 /.• Hiem khi: 2: Thinh thodng; 3: Khd thudng xuyen; 4: Thudng xuyen Ddi vdi nhiing xuc cam Ichdng mong muon, ngudi tham van can phai cd each dieu chinh cam xdc va xu li tinh hudng cho hgp U nhit Thdng thudng, cac nha tham van thudng chpn cae each sau day: (xem bang 4) 58 Tgp chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM Vd Thf Tttdng Vy Bang 4, Cdc cdch xu li ddi vdi nhiing xuc cdm khdng mong muon ciia ngiedi tham vdn qud trinh lam viec (n=75) Che giiu bieu Ig xiie cam di than chu khdng nhm thay 2,59 Do Ifch chuan 1,04 Tdi trinh bay xdc cam cua minh trudc budi giam sat de ddng nghi?p giiip tdi hiiu thSm vi nd 2,39 1,03 Ngay xuc cam Ididng mong mudn xay ra, tdi tim each hudng suy nghT vao viec li giai vin di cua than chu di khdng bj cuon theo xiic cam iy 3,05 0,90 Tdi tim each ggi ten va dien giai lai y nghTa eua xuc cam nd dang xay tdi va ndi cho than ehu hiit vi nd 2,08 1,02 Bang vif c nghT tdi vai trd eua mdt nha tham van, tdi cd gang tach khdi ndi budn de sang sudt hon suy nghT ve van de cda than chu 3,39 0,80 Ngay sau tdi hiit minh viia bj cudn theo xuc ddng eua than chil, tdi da di ehuyen tir viec nhin vao guong mat cua than chd sang vifc khac (liy khan giiy, viit ) di gia minh khach quan hon 2,67 1,02 Cit each XV li nhihig xiic cam khong mong muon K^t qua nghi6n ci!hi cho tb^y, di xii li nhihig xiic cdm khdng mong mudn qud trinh 1dm vi^c, nhiing ngudi 1dm tham v4n tdm li, trudc ti6n "nghT tdi vai trd ciia m$t nhd tham vin, c6 gdng tdeh khdi n8i budn de sdng sudt hon suy nghT ve van de ciia than chii" (Jp=3,39) Cdch xii li thii hai eiia ngudi Idm tham v ^ Id xiic cdm khdng mong muon xdy ra, hg tim cdch hudng suy nghT vdo vi^e li gidi van de ciia thdn chii dl khdng bi cudn theo xiic cam dy (-^=3,05) Tilp theo, nhd tham vdn Idng nghe ^ kien phdn hdi tir ngudi giam sat ca vd tim cdch H gidi dl hiiu nhihig phdn ling xiic cam khdng mong mudn ciia bdn thdn d6i vdi than chii Chii dgng tim each BiimTB khdc phuc biet xiic cdm cua minh cd tde ddng ti£u cue din thdn chii (X=2,84) Nhu v|iy, vdi cdc tinh hudng vd eung da dang cude s6ng, cdc ddi tugng tham vdn khdc vd nhiing biin cd cude sdng rieng ciia ban than dd gdp phdn tao nen nhimg xiic cdm khdng mong mudn cho ngudi lam tham v4n tdm li Ket iu|n Tu k6t qud tren, chiing tdi nh^n thay ngudi lam tham van tdm li cd nhiiu xiie cam khdng mong mudn tdc nghiep, nhu: bdi rdi, budn, that vgng Cae loai cam xiie cdn phai duge dilu chinh Dieu ddng ndi Id ed nhiiu trudng hgp, ngudi 1dm tham van tam li khdng t\i 59 Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM dieu chinh dugc xuc cam cua minh ma cin phai "nhd vdo cdc bu6i gidm sat ' Vi vay, qua trinh lam vipc, ngudi lam tham vin tam li cin dugc sy ho trg ciia nha ehuyen mdn va ddng nghipp SS 44 ndm 2013 Nhd dd, hg ed the lam sang td van dS, lam chii dugc xiic cam, suy nghT ciia chinh minh de ludn chii ddng qua trinh tham vin TAI H $ U THAM K H A O Bdi van Huf, Vu Dung (2003), Tdm li hpc xd hpi, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi, Nguyin Huy Tu (2003), "Tri tu? xiic cam - ban chat va phuong phap chan doan", Tgp chi Tdm li hpc, (6) LeDoux JE (2000), Emotion circuits in the brgin, Annu Rev Neurosci 23:155-184 Niedenfhal PM, Barsalou LW, Winkielman P, Krauth-Gruber S, Ric F (2005), Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion, Pers Soc Psychol Rev 9:184-211 Phelps EA (2006), Emotion and cognition: Insights from studies of the human amygdale, Annu Rev Psychol 57:27-53 Unicep Viet Nam (2002), Tdi lieu tap hudn Idp ddo tgo gidng vien vi cdng tdc tham von Ha Npi (t^giy Tda soan niiin duvc bii: 19-11-2012: ngiy phin bi0n dinh gii: 04-12-2012: ngiy chip nhin ding: 11-12-2012) 60 ... 2,85) Ngudi lam tham vin trai nghi$m cam xuc sg hai "Than chu tiet Id minh bj nhiem HIV" d mdc cao hon "Than chu ndi to, dap ban va quat nha tham vin." (J=3,55 so vdi 3,51) Ngudi lam tham vin trai... tuyet vgng va dau budn" Ngudi lam tham van thit vpng "Than chii cd idi ndi lang ma, xiic pham din nha tham vin" va sg hai "Than chu ndi to, dap ban, quat nha tham vin" bpac "Than ehu hoan toan... vi bao hanh cua chdng minh" (Jf =3,49 so vdi 3,00) Ngudi lam tham vin trai nghiem cam xuc bdi rdi "Than chu giii tin nhin, ggi dien thoai va td 1$ thu0c, niu k^o ngudi lam tham van tam li" d miic
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