Sử dụng thang đo vineland II trong đánh giá mức độ phát triển tâm lý của trẻ 3 6 tuổi

SL/ DUNG THANG DO VINELAND II TR'ONG D A N H G I A M Q C DO PHAT TRIEN TAM LY CUA TRE - TUOI TS Nguy§n Ofic Son Phd Trudng khoa Khoa Tdm ly - Gido due, Trudng dgi hgc Suphgm Hd Ndi i T6M TAT )(em vet cdc thudc tinh ludng tdm ly ciia Thang hdnh vi thich ifng VINELAND II dita tren ke't qud ddnh gid 80 tie cdc trudng Mdm non tgi Hd Ngi, Ihdng qua mdu phdng vd'n bdn cd'u triic ddnh cho phu huynh Ke't qud ddnh gid tren nghiem the nghien cim cho thdy di) hieu life ciia thang la khd td't, linh vite duge ludng phdn dnh duge ea bdn cdc mat ciia sit phdt trien tdm ly d tie vd cd the giiip xdc dinh dugc cdc vdn de chdm phdt trien Tuy nhien, thudc tinh ndy cdn ditgc nghien citu sdu han Do tin cdy ciia cdc thang cho cdc ITnh vitc vd cdc tieu ITnh vU la rdt td't Cdn quan tdm de'n mdt sd vd'n de ve vdn hda Cd the sd dung thang ndy de ddnh gid sUphdt trien tdm ly eiia tre nghien citu vd ldm sdng Vide sfi dung cdc trdc nghidm, thang qua trinh theo doi, ddnh gia mfic dp phat triln tam ly cua tre nghidn cfiu va lam sang la rdt bid'n Hidn nay, cd nhilu cdng cu danh gia dupe sfi dung rpng rai nhu: Test Denver, Coner CBRS (Coner behavior rating scale) Battle Vineland Mdi cdng cu cd nhfing dilm manh va han chd' ridng Tiiy thugc vdo uu diem, hgn che ciia cdc thang vd van de cdn ddnh gid md cdc chuyen gia cd the lua chgn mdt thang thich hop sd iddeu thang khac Trong qud trinh su dung cdc cdng cu ddnh gid, viec xem xet Igi cdc thugc titdi ludng tdm Iy (Psychometric properties) ciia cdc thang cdn duac quan tdm thich ddng di cd ca sd dua cdc khuyen cdo cho viec sit dung thang mdt cdch hieu qud, gidp cho viec chinh sua, dieu chinh, bo sung thang vd tien ich han Tai Viet Nam, vide sfi dung cac cdng cu dl danh gia sfi phat triln tdm ly cua tre da bdt ddu dupe quan tdm nhung chua thuc sfi phd bid'n nghidn cfiu va thuc hdnh tam ly hpc Cung vl vay, cac nghidn cfiu di danh gia cac cdng cu cdn rdt ft dupe tie'n hanh Vide nghidn cfiu, danh gia cac cdng cu cdn dupe 56 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (154), - 2012 quan tam ban nfia bdn canh vide thfch nghi, chudn hda hoac thid't ke cac cdng eu mdi Trong qua trinh sfi dung Thang hanh vi thfch fing Vineland II dl ddnh gia mfic dp phat triln tam ly ciia tre em tai cac trudng mdm non d Ha Ndi mpt sd vdn dd vl trdc dac tam ly da dupe dat Trdn co sd thuc te sfi dung thang va cac dfi lieu thu dupe, chiing tdi tid'n hanh phan tfch mdt sd thudc tfnh ludng ca ban ciia thang trdn khach thi la mdt sd tre em Viet Nam nham cd duac cac kd't luan bude ddu vl cdng cu Khach the nghien cfiu Gidi thieu Vineland II 1.1 Khdch the nghien cdu Nghidn cfiu dupe tid'n hanh trdn 80 tre, thdng qua mdu phdng van nhfing phu huynh eua tre Day la nhutig tre dupe cae trudng mam non khuyd'n cao la CO nhfing ddu hidu lidn quan dd'n cham phat triln tam ly hoac cd cac ddu hidu bat 6n vl tam ly, vf du tang ddng giam chu y, tu ky nhe, cham ngdn ngfi, rut re, kem tuang tac xa hdi Tuy nhidn, cac tre chua ducic danh gia, chan doan mdt each chfnh thfic d bdnh vidn hoac bdi cae chuydn gia tam ly hpc Phan bd khach thi nghidn cfiu nhu sau: Tre ndm dp tudi tfi tuoi Trong dd: Sd tre trai la: 57 71,25% Sd tre gai la: 23 - 28,75% tudi: 28 - 35% tuoi: 30 - '31,5% tuoi: 16 20% tuoi: - 7,5% Ty Id nam/nfi la 2,47 la ty Id kha bid'n cae nghidn cfiu tre cd rdi nhidu phat triln tam ly Lifa chgn khdch the: Tre dupe Idy tfi danh sach tre ed ddu hidu cham phat triln tam ly tai cac trudng mdm non trdn dia ban Ha Ndi, bao gdm cac quan: Hoan Kiem, Ddng Da, Hai Ba Trung, Cdu Gidy, Thanh Xudn, Ba Dinh, Ha Ddng Cac tre diu dang tham gia cac ldp hpc tai cae trudng mdm non Tien hdnh ddnh gid: Cac nghidm vidn da dupe tap huan sfi diing thang Vineland II thdi gian budi vl ly thuyd't va thfic hanh Cae phu huynh dupe thdng bao trudc va dupe hen phdng vdn true tid'p tai nha Thdi gian phdng vdn: 60 phut dua trdn mdu khdo sat bdng phdng van bao gdm tdt ca cac item TAPCHfTAMLyHOC,Sdl(154), 2012 57 ciia thang Dfi lidu phdng vdn dupe xfi ly bdng phdn mim xfi 1^ kd't qua cua Vineland II dupe cung cdp kem theo thang Nhu vay cac kd't qua ciia Vineland II duac phan tfch chua phdi la kd't qua tren mdu chudn ciia tri Vidt Nam, md chi Id ke't qud bude ddu thu duac tit mdu nhd tre cd tdntng dd'u hieu chdm phdt trim tdm Iy Tuy vdy, viic phdn tich cdc ket qud ndy cd the dem Igi nhitng ke't ludn ban ddu rd't cd y nghTa ve cdc thudc tinh ludng tdm ly ciia thang do, tgo ca sd cho viec sd diing thang thuc hdnh vd nghien citu sdu hon hodc chudn h()a trac nghiem ndy tgi nUdc ta 1.2 Gidi thieu thang VINELAND 11 Sara S.Sparrow, Domenie V Cicchetti, David A Balla thid't kc va dupe chudn hda trdn mdu 3.000 khdch thi, dupcxudt ban bdi nha xudt ban Peasron (Hoa Ky) d'n hdnh Vineland II la phidn ban tai ban ldn da cd chinh sfia Day la thang dupe sfi dung khd phd bid'n tai cac ca sd thfic hanh va nghidn cfiu tai My Thang dupe sfi dung vdi cac muc dfch sau: 1) Chdn doan: cham phat triln trf tud, cae rdi nhidu gien, khuydt tat, cham phat triln, rdi nhidu hanh vi; 2) Danh gia phdt triln: danh gia mfic dd phat triln ciia tre, xdc djnh su edn thidt can thidp; 3) Dilu chinh qua trinh: ddnh gia sfi tid'n bd vide hpc cae hanh vi, ky nang mdi; 4) Lap kd' hoach can thiep va 5) Nghidn cfiu (3, trang 5) Thang Vineland la cdng cu cdc hanh vi thfch fing cua ca nhdn tfi dd'n 90 tudi Vide danh gia dfia trdn ca sd cac hanh vi ma ca nhan thfic hidn su so sanh vdi mdu chudn cung dd tudi, vay, thang cd tdn gpi la thang hanh vi thfch fing Thang tap trung xac nhan su hidn didn cua cae hanh vi tre thfic hidn ma khdng ddnh gia vl vide tre cd khd nang thuc hidn hanh vi hay khdng Thang dupe thid't kd' vdi linh vuc danh gia chinh (domain): Giao tid'p; Cae ky nang sdng; Xa hdi hda; Ky nang van ddng va Cac hanh vi kem thfch fing Mdi linh vuc danh gid chfnh bao gdm nhilu tilu linh vuc (sub domain), mdi tilu linh vue dupe danh gia bdng mdt thang Cu thi: LTnh virc giao tid'p bao gdm tilu linh vuc: Tid'p nhdn: Danh gia kha ndng nghe, tdp trung chu y va hilu ngdn ngfi cua ed nhdn bao gdm 20 item Bilu dat: sfi dung ldi ndi dl cd thdng tin hoac cung cdp thdng tin, 54 item Chu vid't: Nhan bid't vd sfi dung cac chfi dl tao tfi, dpc va vid't, 25 item Cdc ky nang sinh hoat thudng bao gdm: 58 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (154), - 2012 Ky nang sinh boat ca nhan: an udng, mac qudn do, vd sinh ea nhan, 41 item - Ky nang sinh boat gia dinh: thfic hidn mdt sd nhidm vu gia dinh, 24 item - Ky nang sinh boat cpng ddng: sfi dung tiln, thdi gian, didn thoai, may tfnh, edng vide, 44 item LTnh vue xa hdi hod: Quan he lidn nhan each: tuong tdc eua ea nhan vdi cac ed nhan khac, 38 item - Vui chai, gidi trf: tham gia hojit ddng vui choi, giai trf, 31 item - Ky nang fing xfi: su nhay cam, trdch nhidm vdi ngudi khac, 30 item Cac ky nang van ddng: bao gdm van ddng thd 40 item, van ddng tinh 36 item Cae chi bao hanh vi kem thfch fing: cac hanh vi ndi hda, ngoai hda va cac hanh vi kem thfch fing cdt yd'u Cac item thudc mdi tilu linh vue dupe sdp xdp lidn tuc theo hudng tang ddn vdi cac dd tudi Do vay, phdng van ed thi xdc djnh dupe mfic dp phat triln can trdn (ceihng) va can dudi eua mdi tre (Basal) Thang dupe sfi dung dudi dang mdu phdng vdn ban cau true danh cho phu huynh hoac danh cho ngudi cham sdc tre Dl sfi dung thfi tai Viet Nam, thang da dupe dich sang tid'ng Viet vdi quy trinh djch xudi, djch ngupc va hai nhdm tac gia ddc lap hidu dfnh Xfi ly kd't qua: Kd't qua eua eae tilu linh vue dupe tong hpp kd't qua chung cua mpt linh vuc Cac kd't qua dupe quy chuan theo tiing dp tuli va tfing linh vfie cu thi, bao gdm chi sd thd (Raw Score) va quy chuan (Standard Score) Kd't qua tong hop dupe thi hidn bang ehi sd hanh vi thfch fing tong hop (Adaptive Behavior Score) Chi sd thfch fing quy chuan eho mpi linh vue diu la 100, mdi dp lech chuan la 15 dilm Tre cd chi sd chuan (Standard Score) cua mdi linh vuc thdp ban dp lech chuan (30 dilm) dupe coi la cham linh vuc dd Dd'i vdi chi sd thfch iing chung, dilm sd thap ban dp Ideh chudn hoac 1,5 dd Ideh d hai linh vue trd ldn, tre dupe coi la cham phat triln (3, trang 63) Phan tich cac thupc tinh trdc dac ciia thang 2.1 Ket qud chung ddnh gid suphdt trien cua tre Kd't qua danh gia mfic dd phdt triln cua cdc linh vuc va kd't qua ting hop dupe thi hidn d bang Cac dilm sd chuan la dilm trung binh cdng eua n = 80 tre dupe nghidn cfiu TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd (154), - 2012 59 Bdng 1: Ke't qud ddnh gid chung TT Cac ITnh vuc Diem s6 chudn (Trung binh) Dd lech chudn Mfic phat trien Giao tiep 73,47 > 1,5 Thdp Ky nang sinh hoat 82,73 > Thdp Xa h6i hda 72,6 > 1,5 Thdp Ky nang van dCng 85,3 1,5 Thdp (Diem chudn la 100, mot dg lech chudn la 15 diem) Chi sd hanh vi thfch fing ting hpp cho thdy, mfic dd phat triln ciia tre tham gia nghidn cfiu d mfic dd thdp (thdp ban 1,5 dd Ideh chudn) so vdi mfic dd phat triln binh thudng Dilm sd trung binh ciia cac linh vuc giao tid'p, xa hdi hda diu thdp ban dilm chudn ft nhdt la mdt dd Ideh chudn Cac hanh vi thudc cac linh vuc giao tid'p va xa hdi hda thudng bdc Id ro va dd dang quan sat thdy cudc sdng thudng ngdy cua tre Chfnh vl vay, giao vidn lam vide vdi tre thdi gian dai diu cd thi nhan bid't sfi thid'u hut hoac khd khan lidn quan dd'n eae hanh vi Dilu dupe phan dnh sir quan ngai cua giao vidn vl nhfing vdn di tam ly ma tre gap phai va gidi thfch ly cac tre cd tdn danh sach nhutig tre cd cac ddu hidu vl tam ly cdn quan tam Nhu vay, cd su phii hap gida ke't qud cda thang vdi ke't qud quan sdt ciia gido vien ve suphdt trien tdm Iy cda tre Su tuang ddng ndy cho thd'y, thang cd hieu luc nhd't dinh mgc dd chua cd ddy du ca sade khdng dinh mite hieu luc cua thang 2.2 Do hieu luc (vcng nghiem) cua thang Do khdng ed dilu kidn sfi dung cac thang khac dl so sanh, ddi chidu va tfnh hd sd tuang quan gifia cac kd't qua trdn cung mdu khach thi nhdm xdc djnh dp hidu luc dd'i chidu (Concurrent validity), dl xac dinh dd hidu luc cua thang Vineland II, chung tdi tap trung phan tfch dd hidu luc cua thang trdn cac ca sd sau: - Dd hidu luc cdu triic (Construct validity): Dupe hilu la mfic dd phu hop vl mat cdu true cua thang vdi cdu true cua hidn tupng tdm ly cdn hoac su tuang quan gifia cdc thudc tinh cua mdt hidn tupng tdm ly nhu la mdt hd thdng Trong trudng hop nay, dd hidu luc cdu true cua thang cd thi xac dinh bdng each so sanh cdu true cdc linh vuc phat triln cdn (giao tid'p, xa hdi-hda, ky nang van ddng, ky nang fing xfi, cdc hanh vi kem thich fing) dupe di xudt bdi 60 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (154), - 2012 Vineland II vdi cau trfie cac linh vuc dupe d l xudt bdi cac thang khac So sanh cau true linh vue cua thang Vineland, xac djnh cdn vdi thang Battle, vdi cac linh vuc dupe d l xuat bdi Hidp hdi Tam ly hpc My (APA, 2006) cho tha'y, cd su tuong ddng gifia cac thang du cac tilu linh vuc cd ddi chiit khac bidt (3, trang 125) Nhu vay, cd the coi thang Vineland II vdi cdc ITnh vitc neu tren dd Iifdng ditc/c cdc chieu kich co' bdn ciia sU phdt trien tdm ly cua tre - Dp hidu luc b l mat (Face validity): Vdi thang nay, cac item bao qudt dupe rat nhilu cac ddu hidu va cac mdc phat triln tfing linh vuc phat triln Sd lupng item ldn cho linh vuc, cac item cd dupe dp phii rdng cho cae mfic phat triln Dp hidu lue tidu chi (Criteries validity): So sanh kd't qua cua thang vdi kd't qua theo ddi, quan sat cua giao vidn cac trudng mam non trudc dd va quan sat thuc td' tre Ke't qud bdng thang the hien bdng I (kd't qua ddnh gia chung) tuc/ng ddng vdi ke't c/ud theo ddi tgi trifdng mdm non: cdc tre tham gia ddnh gid deu ditcfc coi Id cd mifc chdm phdt trien cdc ITnh vifc khde tit giao tie'p den ky ndng sinh hogt vd xd hgi hda (2) Nhu vay, ed thi kd't luan: Thang cd the ditgc sit dung de nghien cuu cdc ITnh vitc phdt trien tdm ly cda tre cung nhu ddnh gid chung ve mifc phdt trien tdm Iy cua tre Tuy vdy, cdn cd nghien cim sdu han de cd ket ludn ddy dii ve hieu Iitc ciia thang tren tre em Viet Nam 2.3 Do tin cay cua thang Dp tin eay eua thang dupe xac djnh bdng each tfnh he sd Cronbach a eua cae item Trudc hd't, dp tin cay eua tfing thang cho mdi tilu linh vuc cung dupe xac djnh, sau dd xac djnh dp tin cay cua thang cho tfing linh vuc Kd't qua nhu sau: * Cac tilu linh vuc thudc linh vuc giao tid'p Bdng 2: Do tin cdy cua cdc tieu thang thugc ITnh vitc giao tie'p TT Cronbach a Sd lugfng eae item eo the loai bo Ty le item eo the loai bo Tid'p nhan 0,9122 Khong 0% Bilu dat 0,9661 Khdng 0% ChQ vid't 0,7323 Khdng Cae tieu linh vue TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (154), 2012 61 He sd Cronbach a tfnh toan dupe rd't cao dd'i vdi linh vfic tid'p nhdn va bilu dat: > 0,9 Nhu vay, cae thang cho cac tilu linh vuc tid'p nhan va bilu dat la rdt tin cay Tliang rdt td't Quan sat sd lupng cdc item cd thi loai bd cho tha'y: loai bd bdt ky mdt item ndo, hd sd Cronbach a cua tilu thang diu giam ban so vdi chi sd chung ciia thang Dilu cho thd'y: sd Iitgng cdc item titng tieu thang Id hap Iy vd dd duac lua chgn td't Ddng thdi, cdc item dd cd duac dc) tin cdy ddi vdi khdch the Id tre em Viet Nam nghien citu Trong cac tilu linh vuc thudc giao tid'p, tilu linh vuc chfi vid't cd hd sd Cronbach a cd gia trj thdp ban cd Tilu linh vfic tdp trung vao vide xac nhan cac ky nang phan biet chfi va sd, vid't tdn hp ddy du Qua phdng vdn cac phu huynh, y kid'n phd bid'n vl cac item cho thdy, cac hanh vi dupe dl cdp ddn cac item khdng dupe quan tam nhilu d Vidt Nam cho dd'n tre 5, tuli vay sir xudt hidn ciia cac hdnh vi ndy khdng ddng diu d tre Dilu cung se dupe phan tfch lidn quan dd'n cdc yd'u td van hda d phdn sau Tuy vay, day vdn la chi sd chdp nhan dupe, eho phep sfi dung thang vdi dd tin eay kha * Cae tilu linh vuc thudc linh vuc ky nang sinh boat Bdng 3: Do tin cdy ciia cdc tieu thang thugc ITnh vitc sinh hogt TT Cae tieu ITnh vue Cronbach a So lupng cac item co the loai bo Ty le item co the loai bo Sinh hoat ca nhan 0,9346 Kh6ng 0% Sinh boat gia dinh 0,8159 Khdng 0% Sinh boat cdng ddng 0,8492 Khdng 0% Tuang tu kd't qua cua cdc thang cho cac tilu linh vuc giao tid'p, cac thang tilu linh vuc sinh boat cd nhdn, sinh boat gia dinh va sinh boat cpng ddng diu cho he sd Cronbach a rdt tdt Dilm khde bidt la cac hd sd thupc cac linh vuc tuong ddi ddng diu, khdng cd su khac bidt ldn * Cac tilu linh vuc thudc linh vuc ky nang xa hdi Vdi cac thang cho cdc tilu linh vuc ky nang xa hdi, ke't qua tuang tu ddi vdi cac ky nang giao tid'p Trong dd, ky nang fing xfi cd chi sd Cronbach a thdp nhdt Cac chi sd cho thdy dd tin cdy cd lidn quan kha thdng nhdt ddi vdi yd'u td van hda Cac tilu linh vuc cd dd nhay vdi yd'u td van hda diu cd dd tin cay thdp ban cdc tilu linh vuc kliac 62 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (154), - 2012 Bdng 4: Do tin cdy cua cdc tieu thang thudc ITnh vitc ky ndng xd hdi TT Cae tieu ITnh vue Cronbach a Sd lupng cac item CO the loai bo Ty le item co the loai bo Lien nhan each 0,9236 Khdng 0% Vui chai 0,9090 Khong 0% Ung \ix 0,7346 Khdng 0% * Cac tilu linh vuc thupc linh vuc van ddng Bdng 5: Dtp tin cdy ciia cdc tieu thang thudc ITnh vifc vein ddng TT Cae tieu ITnh vue Cronbach a Sd lupng cac item co the loai bo Ty le item co the loai bo Van dpng tho 0,8929 Khong 0% Viin dpng tinh 0,9172 Khdng 0% Dp tin cay cua cac thang tfing linh vuc Bdng 6: Do tin cdy cua cdc thang cho cdc ITidi vuc Cac Ilnh vuc TT Cronbach a Giao tiep 0,9607 Ky nang sinh hoat Ky nang xa hoi 0,9412 0,9370 Ky nang van dpng 0,9169 Toan thang 0,9795 Thang ke't hap cda tdng ITnh vuc cd he sd rdt td't, deu tren 0,9 He sd chung cua todn thang cao nhd't so cdc he sd theo titng ITnh vUc Nhu vdy, thang cd tin cdy td't Cac van de van hoa va ngon ngfi Sfi dung thang dudi dang mdu phdng van true tid'p xudt hidn mpt sd khd khan lidn quan dd'n vdn dl ngdn ngfi va van hda nhu sau: TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (154), - 2012 63 - LTnh vuc giao tid'p, cdc item tap trung khd nhilu vdo khd nang bilu dat cua tre bang ngdn ngfi Mfic dd thdnh thuc cua khd nang bilu dat tuang fing vdi tutig dd tudi, dupe xdc djnh bdng each phat hidn tri cd bid't sfi dung cdc dang ngdn ngfi bj ddng, thdi qud khfi, thdi hidn tai tid'p diln hay khdng Vf du: "Sfi dung ddng tfi d thdi qua khfi" bay "Sfi dung cdc dai tfi cdc cdu ndi "nd" " cac item khd cd dupe dd chfnh xdc, vl thfic td' cdc dang ngfi phap nhu vay ft cd sfi tuang ddng va ft phi bid'n tid'ng Vidt - LTnh Vfic chfi vid't (Writen): Vdi van hda Vidt, tre 3, tudi ft dupe quan tam day cac ky nang tuang tu nhu phan bidt chfi va sd', vid't tdn mlnh , vay dilm sd eiia tre ITnh vfic thdp vd khdng ddng diu LTnh vuc fing xfi (Copping skill): Mdt sd hanh vi fing xfi khdng hoan toan dupe coi trpng va nhdn manh van hda Vidt Vf du "Ngdm midng nhai" Ket ludn Vide phan tfch cac kd't qua thu dupe cho thdy: Cdc thupc tfnh ludng tam ly (Psychometric properties) ciia thang Vineland II la kha tdt trdn sd lupng khdch thi nghidn cfiu Do vay, ed thi cd khuyd'n nghj nhu sau: Cd thi sfi dung thang vide ddnh gid mfic dd phdt triln tam ly cua tre em Vidt Nam cac nghidn cfiu va thfic hanh, tfi dd thu thap thdm cac dfi lidu trdn mdu rpng ban dl ddnh gid ddy du vl cdng cu - Cac chi sd cdc linh vuc la tin cay va cho y nghia tham khao td't Dl sfi dung thang cd hidu qua cdn luu y: Khi sfi dung thang cdn ndm chdc dupe y tudng cua thang va cac linh vuc cdn ludng - Hilu r5 ndi dung cdn cua tfing item, dac bidt cac item lidn quan dd'n linh vuc ngdn ngfi va xa hdi hda - Ddy khdng phdi la thang dac hidu cho cac rdi nhidu phat triln, cd thi dung di sang Ipc va danh gia su phdt triln tdm ly cua tre ndi chung VI lau dai cdn chudn hda trdn mdu tre em Vidt Nam Tai lieu tham khao Borsboom D., Measuring the mind: conceptual isue in contemporary psychometric, Cambridge University Press, 2005 Michell J., Measurement in psychology, Cambridge University Press, 1999 Vineland II Adaptive Behavior Scale, Manual, 2005 Pearson, Inc 64 TAP CHf TAM Ly HOC, Sd (154), - 2012 ... TAPCHfTAMLyHOC,Sdl(154), 2012 57 ciia thang Dfi lidu phdng vdn dupe xfi ly bdng phdn mim xfi 1^ kd't qua cua Vineland II dupe cung cdp kem theo thang Nhu vay cac kd't qua ciia Vineland II duac phan tfch chua... (APA, 20 06) cho tha'y, cd su tuong ddng gifia cac thang du cac tilu linh vuc cd ddi chiit khac bidt (3, trang 125) Nhu vay, cd the coi thang Vineland II vdi cdc ITnh vitc neu tren dd Iifdng ditc/c... ddy dii ve hieu Iitc ciia thang tren tre em Viet Nam 2 .3 Do tin cay cua thang Dp tin eay eua thang dupe xac djnh bdng each tfnh he sd Cronbach a eua cae item Trudc hd't, dp tin cay eua tfing thang