Bước đầu xây dựng mô hình hành vi nhận thức trong trị liệu rối loạn lo âu cho trẻ vị thành niên

TAM Ll H9C • iiMH tl Hpe iijr* n6i BirdC DAU XAY DUNG MO HJNH HANH VI - NHAN THUC TRONG TRI LIEU fk LOAN LO AU CHO TRE Vj THANH NIEN Q Lx> du Id mdl h-ong nhOng rdi loqn tdm If diln hinh, dde bilt ddi vdl tudi hgc sinh (HS) hqc phd thdng (THPT) h> 15-18 hjdl Dd hjdl ndy Id ihdl ki hodn ihl^n phdt h l l n t h i chdt cOa ngudi v l cd phuong dl|n cdu tqo vd chiic ndng Ddy Id thdt ki sung mdn nhdt ciia dai ngudi nhung cdc em k;ii g$p phdi nhilu vdn d l lidn quon d i n lo du: hqc h^p, bgn bd, hinh dnh bdn thdn ciio hl|n h;il vd tuong lai, Hnh ydu ddi liia, nht^g vdn d l v l gio dinh, nhDng kl vgng md gio dinh vd bdn thdn h/ d£^ Dd chfnh nhOng k) du binh ihudng md bdt Cli ngudi trudng thdnh ndo cung phdi trdi qua Tuy nhidn, b du diln aud miic sS dnh hudng oIn ede chuc ndng v l m ^ xd ndi nhu cdng v i ^ hqc tdp, gloo tilp N ^ qud n^ng b ^ h nhdn sd bj tdn tdt v l mat xa hdi Dllu hi cho b ^ h nhdn ed rdi bgn b du dqt duqc hlfu qud thdng qua v i ^ dCmg thudc vd Irj hdu bdng hdnh vl - nhdn thiic Phuong phdp hi lidu bdng hdnh vl - nhdn thiic cd Idc dqng din gido dye v l tdm li, hudng ddn b ^ h nhdn edeh xii If nhung bilu hidn cua b du, hodng sg Hodc dugc cung cap \^ phdp phoi nhilm Y£A nhDng ylu td gdy eho bdnh nhan b du, d l tu dd thfch nghi duqc vdl nhung hoan cdnh gdy tinh trqng b au vd cdc hidu chiing s3 ddn mdt di HUYNH H NGQC ANH* 1) Thang sg hdi Module ndy Id thilt lOp danh sdeh cdc y l u id sg hdi mdl cdch cd hinh ty vd trdnh ldm cho b ldng tdng thdm Thyc l l nd c6 t h i tdt hon d l md ta thang sg hai nhu la cdch ludmg sy lo ldng cDa mdt ngudi hodc miic dd sg hai Thilt ldp danh sdeh cdc tdc nhdn kfch thfch gdy sg hdi phqm vl chdn dodn ban ddu hodc nhDng vdn d l chinh y l u Ddi vdl vdn d l chfnh ciia chdn dodn, xdc djnh cdc h k nhdn kfch thfch gdy sg hdi cdng nhilu cdng tdt (Hnh hudng, edm gidc, ndi dm dnh, h'n hi^u) Cdn h?o sy da dqng nhung phdi ludn ndm Irong myc tidu chfnh (hie Id nhung vdn d l dd sd Id myc Hdu cOo h-j ll^u) Xdc djnh miie dd vd sdp x I p cdc vdn d l hi thdp d i n coo 2) Hgc vi lo 6u Ddy Id nuxlule hgt nhdn eiia h*! lidu lo du, chu y l u gido dye than chu v l b du, truyin cho thdn chu sy [gc quan v l nhijng Hnh hudng eua chinh bdn thdn Ti> dd khuyin khtch thdn chu tham gio h^ ll^u Gldl thfch b du ed bo phdn Ddu Hdn Id ehung la edm lh£ty sy thay ddi Clio CO t h i nhu thd nhanh, tim ddp mqnh, cdng CO, run, dd md hdi (nhi>ng cdm gIdc cOa ca ihl) Phdn thu hai cOa b du Id nghi v l nhChtg dllu khiing khilp sd xdv ro (h1|u otiing cua suy Xdy di/ng md hinh hdnh vl - nhdn thtic nghi) Phdn thii ba cua lo du Id d i i u bqn Idm h'ong h-j ll^u rdi logn lo du bgn b k^ng (h-ldu chiing hdnh vl) Quy h-lnh h-j lidu d y a h-dn nguydn If co Chf rang b du Id mdl cdm xuc binh thudng bdn: cdm xiie - suy ngliT - hdnh ddng cd lidn md tdt cd mql ngudi d i u phdi hdi quo Chung to q u a n vd tdc cd t h i xem b du nhu mdt bdo ddng cho hi b l ^ d d n g q u a lql nguy hilm cd t h i d i n vd xudt hifn d ddu Thudng ISn n h a u Md tht lo du Id mdt hdnh ddng gidng nhu mdl bdo binh tri liiu lo ddng cdnh bdo giOp bdo v$ chung la iw6c nhOng du dua trin nguy hilm ho nhd vd nd djnh hinh cdch thdn chu diSn gidl sy vide NhDng nllm Hn cdt Idl khdng phdi cdi md to thdy hdng ngdy md nd b so cdu nhqn thiic md ta tin rdng nd dung Suy nghlchfnh b'sy phdn dnh cua nllm Hn Khi ddi mdl vdl nhung finh hudng khdc sd sdn sinh nhOng y hrdng khdc Tap chi Blao due so (ii* i • g/aoiai Trdn day id md hinh hdnh vl - nhdn thue md ehung tdi x ^ dyng d l h-j ll^u cho h-d ed rdi loqn lo du Vdl nriDng & thudt trdn, chung tdi tgm thdi duo cdu true chuong h-lnh h) ll^u gdm 10 budi, kdo ddi hi 6-7 hjdn, mdl budi khodng 6070 phut Trong mdl budi hd chi Idm vl$c ridng vdi nhd h-j ll^u Bdt ddu hi budi 2, budi ndo cung ddnh hi d i n 10 phut d l hdi v l nhDng dllu thdn eho mudn ndi hdm Sou dd cCing thdn ehO duo Ijch b m v l ^ eua budi hdm nay: myc Hdu la gi, phdn Heh myc Hdu ndo cdn Idm trude Buil 1: Xdy dt/ng mil quan hi, tim hiiu nhOng thdng tin vi thdn chu, li vi thdn ehO din vdl trj lidu, ndi rd nguydn tdc ldm v l ^ eOng nhu nhDng dllu cdn Idm thorn gia h-j ll^u, dy bdo dugc Hin hinh vd thdi gian cuo budi h-j E)ay Id budi ndm bdt bon ddu v l danh sdeh vdn d l h-d g^p phdi vd cd chdn dodn so bd v l vdn d l ciia thdn chu Trong budi Idm v l ^ ndy, dung kr thudt phdng vdn ddng co d l thue ddy mong mudn hj ll#u Clio thdn chu Buil 2: Truyin dgt nhung ^ nghlvi lo du, giup thdn chu hiiu nhu thi ndo Id lo du, ddu hidu ndo cho ta biet bdn thdn ta lo du, cdi gl gdy ro vd duylrl b d u Thdn chu hieu ro nhung gl minh cdn Idm vd Cling cd thdm niem Hn cua than chu hong h-j lidu Buil 3: Xem xdt nhung gl thdn chu da h i p thu duqc thong qua bdi lap v l nha, nhDng khd khdn vd nhDng n5 lyc cua thdn chO Giup than chii hllu nhung fch \g\ vd khdng fch Igi cOa lo du N l u lo du qud mDc dfin din vd'n d l bdo ddng nhdm, sii dyng nhDng vi dy minh hqa nhu bdo chuong bdo c^dy, hinh vd minh hga, d l quo dd thdn chO hllu nhu t h i ndo \d bdo ddng nhdm, i h l ndo b bdo ddng that Quo dd dan ddi d i n v l ^ ldm the nao d l cd thi kilm sodt vd phan bl$l duqc bdo ddng nhdm bdo ddng thdt Sou hol budi ndy thdn chii cd bilt \6c ndo thi lo du d i n , vdl nhDng tinh hudng ndo ihl b du cd i h l xdy ra, nhDng hdnh dqng, suy nghT, edm xuc ndo diln luc dd vd kit ndi nd tam gidc edm xiie - suy nghT - hdnh ddng Thdn chu cd i h l hllu b du b binh thudng ndi chi bdt thudng lo du qud miie, mudn kilm sodt lo du phdi tdp l u y ^ phoi nhiem vd phdi duqc gidm sdt d l cd t h i ed nhDng bdng chiing d l chdng \g\ b au ba't hgp li Buil 4: Thang nhl$t ki Hinh danh sdeh dllu gdy sg cho than chO d l , ddy chinh Id nhDng tinh hud'ng sd sii dyng module thyc hdnh phoi nhilm sou Gldl tnldu vdl thdn ehu edeh nhl^t k l cdm xuc Ddy chinh Id mdt cdng cy huu ich d l udc lugng cdm xuc ciio mdl ehung to Nd Id cdng cy edn thilt eho thdn chO hong sudt qud hinh hj ll^u EXro thdn chO nhl$l k l edm xuc md nhd h'j ll|u dd chudn b|, hudng dfin cdch sii dyng vd thyc hdnh ddi vdl nhiing Hnh hudng ihdl dd thdn chii cd thi bilt edeh dOng nhl^t kd cdm xuc Thdn chii cd thi sii dyng thudn thyc nhidt k l edm xuc vd hinh thdnh mdt thang sg hdi theo thii h/ hi thdp d i n cao Buil 5,d: Thi/c hdnh phai nhlim dil vdl tinh huing thit COng ihdn enO ihyc hdnh nhOng Hnh hudng phoi nhilm dya hdn thang sg hdi dd duge ihllt l^p tCr budi hudc Gldl thl$u v l thyc hdnh phoi nhilm, gldl thfch d l thdn chii hllu t h i ndo b phoi nhilm, cd hai loql hinh phoi nhiSm sd dugc dp dyng ddi vdl h) l l ^ ndy b phoi nhilm vdl Hnh hudng th^t va phoi nhilm hjdng hjgr>g Trd \g\ vdi thong b du, cung thdn chu chgn mdl Hnh hudng d l thyc hdnh phoi nhilm Dil vdl Idn ddu Hdn cOng than ehu chgn Hnh hudng ed thi d l ddng thdnh cdng, ehfnh dllu ndy tdng nllm Hn vdo khd ndng thdnh edng eiia hi ll|u Sau budi hj l l ^ thdn chii cd thi Idm duqc bdi tdp v l nhd, hllu i h l ndo b thyc hdnh phoi nhilm, chdp nhdn lo du din vdl minh nhung minh cd thi dudi dugc b du Sudi ; Thi/e hdnh phai nhlim tudng tugng Gidng nhu phoi nhilm ddi vdl Hnh hudng thdt thi phoi nhilm hnSng tugng duqc sii dyng d l thyc hdnh ddi vdi nhung kich thfch khdng d l thyc hl$n co thi Thdo ludn v l nhDng khd khdn b m phoi nhilm m^t minh, cdch thiic gldl quylt vd'n d l ndy Dim ndi dung Idm v i ^ , cdch thiic b m phoi nhilm hrdng tugng Thdn chu cd t h i ehdp nhdn duqc b du ciia minh, hllu minh phdi b m gi lo du d i n Buil 8, 9: Tdi ciu trdc nhin thuc: G i u p thdn chu nhdn duqrc nhOng suy nghT vd If, Hm bdng chiing bdc bd nhOng suy nghi dd vd thoy i h l nd bdng nhiing suy nghT hgp If d l d l l u ehfnh cdm xijc vd gldl quylt cdc vdn d l cua ihdn chu Gldl thidu kr thudt tdi cdu fruc nhdn thiic boo gdm: phdn bidt edm xiic vd suy nghT, kit nd'l ham gidc cdm x6e - suy nghi - hdnh ddng, hgc v l suy nghT lo du - suy nghT duong ddu, h/ nhO Heh eye d l edm thdy h/ hdo vdl bdn thdn minh Thdn eho cd t h i phdn bidt duge nhQng suy nghT lo du dang d i l n ddu vd sii dyng nhDng cdng cy da dugc dgy d l cd t h i ddi phd vdi nhDng suy nghT dd Buil 10: Ki hogch cho tuemg lai vd kit thOc trf liiu Dy bdo h-udc nhDng Hnh hudng khd khdn md thdn chii cd t h i g^p hong hjang Igi, cOng cd nhOng gl thdn chO da hqc vd giup thdn chO thyc hdnh thudn thye nhDng kr ihudi ndv Nhdc lql vdi thdn cho nhDng kr thudt thdn chO