Kỹ năng giao tiếp của sinh viên trong môi trường đa văn hóa

KY NANG GIAO TIEP QUA SINH VIEN TRONG MOI TRliONG DA VAN HOA Nghien curu di/ac tai tro bcH Quy Phat trien Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Quoc gia (NAFOSTED) de tai: Giao dtjc da van hoa cho sinh vien cac tn/dng dai hoc phijc vtj qua trinh hoi nhap va toan cau hoa; Ma so VI2.3-2013.07; PGS.TS Phan Thanh Long lam chu nhiem PGS.TS Phan Thanh Long PGS.TS Bao Thj Oanh Trudng Dgi hpc Sifphgm Hd Noi TOM TAT Ddi vdi Viet Nam hien nay, gido due giao tiep, gido due ^ ndng giao dip moi trudng da vdn hoa cho thieu nien, ddc biet la cho tdng lap sinh vien Id vdn de mang linh thai su Bdi bdo trinh bdy kit qud nghien cim di xudt cdc ky ndng giao tiip cdn phdt trien d sinh viin moi trudng da vdn hoa, gop phdn ndng cao chdt luang nguon nhdn luc phue vu nin kinh ti ddt nuac boi cdnh hoi nhdp Tir khoa: Vdn hda; Moi trudng da vdn hda; Ky ndng giao tiip; Giao tiip cua sinh vien Ngdy nhdn bdi: 19/10/2015; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/11/2015 Dat van de Smh vien la luc lugng tri thiic - nguon lao dong chat luong cao eua mpt quoc gia Cac truang dai hpc Ion thuong la noi tu hop sinh vien tir nhieu dia phuong, vung mien khac tren ea nuoc, tham ehi ca sinh vien tir quoe gia khac Ngoai nen van hoa chung ciia quoc gia minh, cac sinh vien den vcri truong dai hoe eon mang theo van hoa ciia dja phuong minh, gia dinh minh tao nen ban sac van hoa rieng eua moi nguai Moi tnrong dai hpc tra moi truong da van hoa theo nghia day du nhat ciia tir Khi ciing song va hpe tap voi duai mot mai trudng, van hoa ciia timg ca nhan se dugc bpc 16 qua nhiing hanh vi img xu hang (the hien hpc tap, sinh hoat, cac hoat dong cpng dong) Cac nghien euu ve su thich iing xa hpi ciia sinh vien Viet Nam mai vao truong dai hpe eho th4y, nhilu bit cap lam anh huang den ch4t lugng hpe tap cung nhu chat lugng cupc s6ng sinh hoat ciia cac tan sinh vien dai hpc 22"!^ TAP CHI TAM L ? HOC, So' 12 (201), 12 - 2015 Trong do, khia canh cac m6i quan he xa hoi ciia sinh vien ciing chju anh huong kha nang ne ma mgt nhihig nguygn nhan co ban la ban than nhieu sinh vien thiiu ky nang giao tiip mdi truang da van hoa Vi thi, viec quan tam nghien ciiu phat triin o sinh vien cac ky nang giao tiip moi trucmg da vail hoa nhu la nhimg ky nang can co a nguai hien dai, la vin de thuc sir cin thiet boi canh xa hpi hien Ky nang giao tiep cua sinh vien moi trirong da van hoa & naifc ta hien De xac djnh cac ky nang giao tiip moi truang da van hoa, can lam ro khai niem moi truang da van hoa 2.1 Moi trir&ng da vdn hoa Moi truong van hoa dugc hieu mpt each chung nhit la moi truang chiia dung cac gia tri, dugc tao bai eac m6i tuong tac giira cac vien cua mpt nhom xac dinh va din dit hanh vi irng xii cac m6i quan he xa hpi ciia mgi vien nhom Moi trudng da van hoa la moi truang tinh da dang van hoa dugc the hien thong qua he thong gia tri dugc tao bcri cac m6i quan he tuong tac giiia cac vien tir nhiiu nhom/cgng d6ng xa hgi khac Van hoa khong chung ehung, trim tugng ma luon gin vai mpt d6i tugng xac dinh (mpt ca nhan, mpt to chiic, mfit c6ng d6ng xa hpi xac dinh) D6i vai ca nhan ngudi, la he thong nhihig thai dp, niem tin, gia tri hay he th6ng nhung pham chat va nang luc dinh hudng hoat dpng song cua ca nhan phii hgp chuin mirc chung ciia xa hgi The gidi hien dai lai doi hoi d mdi ca nhan ngoai tinh kien dinh viec gin giii ban sac van hoa rieng (ciia ca nhan minh, cua cgng ddng dan tpc minh) phai co kha nang tiep thu ed chgn Igc nhiing tinh hoa van hda ciia cac cgng ddng khac tren the gidi - van hda nhan loai Vi vay, de tranh nhiing xung dot van hda cd the dSn den hau qua khdng dang cd, viec ren luyen cac ky n^ng giao tiep ca ban giiip ca nhan co the ton tai va phat trien mpi mdi trudng van hda hay mdt mdi trudng da dang van hda la dieu ma he thdng giao due d khip noi tren thi gidi dang nd luc hudng tdi 2.2 Ky nang giao tiep cua sinh viin moi trir&ng da vdn hoa Net dac thii chii dao boat ddng sdng ciia sinh vien tai cac trudng dai hpc dd la hoat ddng hgc tap nghi nghiep Ben canh dd, hoat dgng lao ddng, hoat ddng xa hoi thien nguyen ciing la ITnh vue hoat ddng thu hiit rat nhieu sinh vien tham gia Trong qua trinh thuc hien cac hoat ddng dd, giao tiip giiJa cac vien la khdng thi thiiu nhim kit ndi, chia se kinh nghiem, hpe hdi ky nang qua dd giup nang cao chat lugng hoat ddng Dieu dd ddi hdi d cac sinh vien sir cam thdng, chip nhan su khac biet vi van hda, tin ngudng, trinh dp ky nang khac TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd' 12 (201), 12 - 2015 23 di xoa bo rao can ciia nhilng khac biet Bi quyet quan trpng de cong giao ti6p vdi nhOng ddi tuong din tit nin van hoa khac biet chinh la sir hieu biSt, ton ttong, chip nhan sir da dang \i van hda va thai dd giao tiep can trpng Xay dung cac m6i quan he xa hpi tich cue, hpc tap va lam viec theo nhom, quan ly va giai quySt cac bit ddng la nhimg van de ma bat cu sinh vien nao cung gap phai hoat dpng sdng thucmg o trucmg dai hpc D6i voi giao tiSp hieu qua moi trucmg da van hoa cua sinh vien dai hpc, kSt qua nghien cuu cac vin di ly luan va thuc tiln d nucjc va nuoc ngoai [din theo 3, 7, 8, 9] la nhimg gpi y giiip dS xuit mpt s6 nhom ky nang giao tiip CO ban nhu bang Day ciing se la co so quan trpng di td chile danh gia thuc trang ky nang giao tilp cua sinh vien Viet Nam moi trucmg (la van hoa cung nhu di xuit npi dung bdi duong phat triSn cho hp nhilng gi thiSu hut Bdng 1: Ky ndng giao dip ciia sinh vien mdi truang da vdn hda Cac nhom ky nang Cac ky nang giao tiep cu the Nhom ky nang (1) Quan sat ngon ngir ca the (bieu hien net mat, anh mat, quan sat doi tugng tu the, cir chi) cua doi tugng ciing giao tiep giao tiep de rut (2) Quan sat phong cdch giao tiep, each thiic iing xii nhung khac biet giao tiep cua doi tugng giao tiep (each bat tay, each trao danh thiep) (3) Quan sat each trinh bay, thai dp cua doi tugng suot qua trinh giao tiSp Nhom ky nSng lang nghe ddi tugng giao tiep de nam bit dugc y nghla thuc su cua ldi ndi nhim tranh hieu lam va mau thuln (4) Lang nghe chdm chii de nit nhiing gia tri tir nhung gi ngudi khac ndi (vi du, nhimg quan diem mdi) (5) Lang nghe kien nhdn nhiing dieu nghe dugc (yeu cau cung cap them chi tiet, yeu cau giai thich, yeu ciu cho biet them cac kha nang va giai phap lua chpn) (6) Lmig nghe cac tic ngic duac sir dung qua trinh giao tiep de biet ve cam nhan ciia ngudi ndi (dac biet cac tinh tu mo ta) (7) Dat cau hoi hi?u qua (sir dung loai cau hoi phu hgp boi canh, ve nguon goc va co sd cua cae thdng tin, cau hdi co cau tra Idi pham vi cho sin) (8) Khong ngit ldi thiy chua that cin thiit (9) Neu gop y chinh sira niu thiy cin thiit 24 TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, S6' 12 (201), 12 - 2015 Nhdm ky nang (10) Tim hieu va hieu ve mdi quan he da van hda, vh thach nhan biet su khac biet thiic ciia giao tiep mdi trudng da van hda de thich iing lln qua trinh gjao tiep (11) Tim hieu va hieu ve cac gia tri chuan mirc cua ca nhan ngudi ciing giao tiep (12) Tim hieu va hieu ve phong each, gia tri van hda ciia cac nhdm doi tugng khae (13) Nhan biet dugc sir khac each tiep nhan phan hdi (14) Nhan biet dugc cac kieu quyet dinh khac (15) Lucmg trudc dugc kha nang bat dong quan diem co thi xay (16) Van dung kien thiic dS cd vao nhung boi canh mdi nhan dinh ve quan diem rieng ciia ban than va ciia ngudi khac Nhdm ky nang tdn trpng sir khac biet giao tiep da van hda (17) Ton sir khae biSt tu duy: Hudng iing eae y tudng hgp ly, chap nhan, tiip thu nhung y kien xac dang (18) Sir dung ngon tir tfch cue, tranh diing nhiing ngdn tir, hanh vi lam tdn thuong doi tugng giao tiep (19) Tir tin mdi trudng da van hda: Sir dung ngon ngiJ va bieu tnmg rieng phu hgp bdi canh dang diln giao tiip (20) Khdng chii y qua nhiiu din ngii dieu, gipng ndi, ngir phap, ve be ngoai cua doi tugng giao tiep (21) Ngat ldi mpt each lieh su (vi du, nhic nhd din lugt minh ndi, giiip md rpng y, ngit ldi di ddi chiing, ngit ldi vi nghi ngd) (22) Cdi md, ton trpng nhirng gi cd lien quan din ca nhan: Khong danh dong cac ca nhan vdi bdi sir khac biet van hda ciia hp (23) Chli y den ngdn tir giao tiep, tranh gay hiiu lim (24) The hien sir chan thanh, thien chi, cau thi Nhdm ky nang quan 25) Thay doi phan ung ngon ngir va phi ngdn ngii' cho phii ly su khac biet hgp vdi ddi tugng giao tiep sinh van de giao tiep giao tiep da van hoa (26) Kiem soat va lam chii dugc cam xiic, hanh vi (khong vdi vang tranh cai, phan xet, vo doan ) TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd' 12 (201), 12 - 2015 25 (27) Sir dung hinh thiie, ngdn ngii phii hgp vdi ehii di/ddi tugng giao tiep de truyen dat mdt thdng tin ro rang, dap ling nhu cau, boi canh, muc dich giao tiep va thinh gia (28) Biit dua va tiep nhan phan hdi mpt each hieu qua (yeu cau lam ro nhilng y mo hd; bieu lo su dong tinh, iing hd; them eac cau chuyen, vi du minh hpa; ddng gop cho quan diem ma minh iing hp; md rdng them y cho mdt quan diem; co the dan dat them y mdi; bd sung, chinh sira quan diem da neu) (29) Ndi ldi khong dong y mdt each nha nhan (khi doi tugng lap luan sai logic, dien dich sai lech, nhan thire phien dien, kinh nghiem sdng khac biet, kieu ndi khai quat hda, udc lugng mil md ) (30) Nhan xet chan va thirc te (khdng nen cd to xa giao trudc nhiing ngudi thuoc cac nen van hda khac) (31) Phoi hgp cac phuong tien giao tiep mot each phii hop vdi ddi tugng giao tiep tir nen van hda khac (ldi noi, cu chi, dieubp ) Ket luan Trong thdi dai cdng nghe thdng tin, thai dai so hda va kmh te tri thirc, mdi quan he giiia ngudi vdi ngudi la mdt gia tri dugc de cao han bao gid het Do vay, giao tiep dugc quan tam the ki XXI Nen giao due dugc menh danh la nen giao due khoa hgc ky thuat - cong nghe, ddng thdi ludn ludn nhan manh tinh chat nhan van, nhan dao, nhan Loai ngudi dang hudng tdi xay dung mpt nen van minh hda binh, van minh khoan dung vdi co sd la he thdng thai dp tran trpng gia tri ddc lap dan tdc va ban sac dan tdc, de cao quyen sdng, quyen phat trien cua ngudi, do, hat nhan la tinh ngudi, tinh ngudi thi hien qua cac moi quan he xa hgi cua mdi ca nhan He thdng cac ky nang giao tiep cua sinh vien mdi trudng da van hoa la mgt dong gdp nhd vao cdng viec giao due van hoa giao tiep chung ciia toan xa hpi doi vdi the he tre Viet Nam de hdi nhap vdi the gidi mdt each hieu qua Tai lieu tham khao Hoang Chi Bao, Vdn hoa vd ngudi Viit Nam irong tien trinh cong nghiip hoa, hien dgi hoa theo tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, NXB Chinh tri Qudc gia Ha Ngi, 2006 Nguyen Dinh Gam, Nhicng vdn de tdm ly xd hpi su nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hoa ddt nudc, NXB Chinh tn Quic gia Ha Ngi, 2003 26 TAP CHITAM LV HOC, So 12 (201), 12 - 2015 Pham Minh Hac (Chu bien), Vdn hda vd gido due Gido due vd vdn hog, NXB Giao due Ha Npi, 1998 Pham Minh Hac, Mot so vdn di gido due Viet Nam ddu thi ky XXI, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, 2010 Pham Minh Hac, Gid trf hoc - Ca s& ly ludn gdp phdn due kit, xdy dung gid Iri chung cua ngu&i Viet Nam Ih&i nay, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, Ha Npi, 2010 Dang Xuan Hoan, Phdi triin ngudn nhdn life Viet Nam giai dogn 2015 - 2020 ddp ung yeu cdu ddy mgnh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hda vd hdi nhdp qudc li Tap ehi Cpng san, 17/4/2015 NACCCE, All our Future: Creativity, Culture and Education DEE and DCMS, The UK National Campaign for the Arts, 1999 Ronald Inglehart, Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, Princeton University Press, USA, 1991 Nguyen Thi My Trang, Xdy dung loi song vdn hda cho men hien Tap ehi Cpng san, S6 thang 3/2006 TAPCH(TAML'«'H0C,Sdl2(201), 12-2015 27 ... the, cir chi) cua doi tugng ciing giao tiep giao tiep de rut (2) Quan sat phong cdch giao tiep, each thiic iing xii nhung khac biet giao tiep cua doi tugng giao tiep (each bat tay, each trao... phat triin o sinh vien cac ky nang giao tiip moi trucmg da vail hoa nhu la nhimg ky nang can co a nguai hien dai, la vin de thuc sir cin thiet boi canh xa hpi hien Ky nang giao tiep cua sinh vien.. .Trong do, khia canh cac m6i quan he xa hoi ciia sinh vien ciing chju anh huong kha nang ne ma mgt nhihig nguygn nhan co ban la ban than nhieu sinh vien thiiu ky nang giao tiip mdi