NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG XAY DUNG TINH HUONG HUOMG NGHIEP vt N G H £ DIEN THONG OUA KHAI NIEM TRONG TAM LY HOC LAO DONG But Vin Hung lyuang CD Nghe Ky thudt Cong ngh4, TP Ho Chi Min Dat van de Dimg trudc rigudng cira cupc ddi vdi thl gidi nghi nghiep cing phong phii, da dang, HS (HS) THPT se chpn cho minh mgt nghe thich hpp vdi ning lye, sd thich bin thin vi dip iing nhu ciu xa hgi? Diy li mpt dieu khdng de ding vi nhieu vugt ngoii ning ciia HS Do dd^ viec td chiic hudng nghiep nham giiip HS dinh hudng vi lua chpn nghe nghiep tuang lai phil hgp vdi nang lye, tinh cich, sd thich ciia minh va phu hgp vdi yeu cau ciia xa hdi chinh li nhiem vy khdng the thieu cua cic ca sd dio tao nghe, ciia gia dinh vi xa hdi, nhi trudng ddng vai trd true tiep va het sire quan trpng Do vay, bii viet tic gii xin gidi thi^u mpt so tmh hudng hudng nghiep xuat phit tir nhirng dir lieu thyc te nhu: lam vdi ai? lim bang edng cy gi? nhirng bdi canh nio? cd nhung nii ro nao? ) de giiip HS hieu rd vl nghe, giy hiing thii vi dinh hudng cho HS lua chgn nghe thich hgp Myc dich, n$i dung hu-dug nghidp nghe di^n 1.1 Muc dich Xiy dyng tinh hudng hudng nghipp nham giiip HS tim hieu cdng viee ciia ngudi thp lam vifc thyc tl tai bien trudng de cic em hieu biit han ve n^he dien, nim dugc nhung van de trpng tim cua nghe di?n vi tich cyc chu qui trinh thuc hifn gan dpng kham phi thdng tin nghi tii dipn cua ngudi thp, lien hf dipn vdi thl gidi nghe kiln thiic da hpc vdi thl gidi 2.2 Ngi dung cdc tinh huong lao dpng nhu sau: Nhifm vy/cdng vifc dirgnc huang nghidp vi nghi dien - Tinh huong 1: Chieu mgt quy d|nh tnnic (Tacbe prescrile) dogn phim thg di^n thuc Dd li nhihig cdng vifc/ hifn gdn cot vdo day cdp cho nhifm vu dugc md ti, dupe HSxem lift ke, dugc giao mpt each Tinh hudng dugc xiy dyng rit chinh thiic Hay gpi nhim cung cap thdng tin cho li nhirng cdng viec/ nhifm vy HS biet dugc qua trinh gan quy dinh trudc Ndi cich khac cdt vio day cip HS xem doan dd li nhung muc tieu, phuomg phim thiy dugc cich thiic, phip vi phuang tien cin dung phuang phip thuc hien cua de dat den mue dich co thp dieri qui trinh thyc quan dinh trudc hien, biet dugc nhiem vy quy Cong vifc thyx hifn dinh trudc t h ^ te/ nhifm vy t h ^ hifn Diy li mpt tinh hudng (Tache effective) mang tinh dai dien eho nghe Diy li tir diing de chi dien, tinh hudng thg dipn thuc nhirng cdng vifc thyc sy dupe hipn lap tu dien ciing dugc thyc hien Trong thuc te lao giing day d trudng nen xay dpng, cd nhtrng cdng vifc dyng tinh hudng niy de giiip khdng dugc giao trudc (lift HS khim phi kien thirc dugc ke) nhung thyc hien chung hpc d trudng cd gi khic vdi ta vin phii lam Nhiing vife kien thiic lao dpng thyc tl de dd lien quan den cdng vifc tir dd giilp HS lien h? kien dugc giao Ndi each khic, thiic dugc hpc d trudng, vdi la nhirng cdng vifc mi myc kien thiic d cdng vi?c lao dpng tieu ciia chiing chmh nguoi thyc te lao dpng ty dat va thyc - Tinh huong 2: Khdm phd bifn Cdng vifc tiiy thupc cdc hogt dgng ngtrdi thgr difn vio miic dp thiu hieu cua da dirgfc phan tich thdng qua ngudi lao dpng doi vdi quy khdi nifm tdm ly lao dinh da dat trudc Tuy dgng thugc vio bdi cinh lim viee Sau quan sit hai thp cy ihd Dd cung chinh la mue dipn thye hipn gin cot vao day dich, phuang phip ngucri eip giio vien phan tich boat lao dpng hogc tap the djnh dpng dd eho HS xem de xac nghia Iai dinh cic nhipm vy dugc giao, Vi dy: Thg dien thyc hifn nguyen vgt lipu, cong cy, vgt nhifm vy dugc quy dinh thay thl, nhifm vy hipu qui trudc: quan bang keo vio Ngay nhgn bai 05/01/2013; Ngdy duyfl ddng 25/4/2013 18 • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC 5093-05/2013 NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG dau cot * Bb v | t (Artefact) Trong md t i cdng vifc bao gid ciing ndi din dd vit d l thuc hien cdng vifc do, vit la tat c i nhung vat the ngudi che tao vdi mdt muc dich xic dinh Vl du: Ddng hd VOM l i mpt a6 vat su dung nginh dien * Cong cu (Instrument) L i mpt cdng cu dugc sir dung mdt hoin cinh cy the Ndi cich khic mpt hoin cinh bit budc, ngudi ta phii tao su kien (do vit) cd k h i ning xir ly d i p img, cac van de hoin cinh dd Thudng thi cic tii lieu, van bin chinh thiic ndi rat nliieu ve vit - cdng cu sir dyng tren ly thuyet m i khdng ndi nhieu ve cdng cu cua ngudi lao dgng ddi vdi cic cdng cu mang tinh nhin tao Vi du: Thp di^n dung biia v i dye de ddng cdt thay the kim * Thirc te hoat dpng (Le reel de Tactivite) Theo Clot (2000) thuc t l boat dgng "la nhirng viic gi (hay cdi gi) dinh ldm, muon ldm md khong ldm dugc hay khong nen ldm Co the hieu cdch khde, thuc te hogt dgng la su that bgi edi md minh mong muon, hy vgng co le hay CO the ldm dugc Ngugc lgi cdng Id nhimg gi dugc ldm di khoi phdi ldm cdi viec phdi ldm, ldm lgi, ldm la, ldm mgt cdch vo tinh" Vi dy: Ngudi thp dien dua tren cdng cu biia v i due de xiy dung cdng viec rdi dung chiing de ddng cdt nhung thuc te thi chiing khdng cd chiic nang dd Vi du: Thg dien sir dung cong cu VOM de kiem tra dien ip * Vat thay the (Catachrese) Day la mpt tir mang tinh sing tao cua cic n h i ngdn ngii hpc, khdng cd tu tuomg ling de dien ti, ngudi ta diing nhiing tir cd tinh hinh tugng de bieu dgt Theo ngdn ngii ciia tim ly hgc lao dgng, catachrese dugc chl nhiing vat dyng/dyng cu/ nghe dugc diing de thay the nhiing trudng hgp bi thieu hay khdng cd nhiing dung cy phii hgp (cdng cy dd ding le khdng phii de dinh cho nhiing cdng viec niy) Su cd mat ciia cic dd vit thay the (catachrese) giiip cho ngudi lao dgng hoin thinh cdng viec cua minh Viec sir dung vat thay the the hien su sing tao * Kieu cich/ the loai van hoa nghe nghiep (Genre professionnel) Giiia cdng viec theo quy dinh va cdng viec thuc te cd mpt van de mang tinh chit phan dinh Su phan dinh ngim i n the gidi nghe nghiep/ cdng viec niy gidng nhu su phan dinh cac nhdm, cic loai hinh (the loai) xa hpi Cii dugc ggi li kilu cich hay the loai van hoa nghi nghiep, Noi mgt each khic, van boa nghe nghiep li mpt kilu cich hanh nghe, coi nhu la nhijng "su bit bupc" m i nghe cung biet nio phii lam neu mudn thuc bifn dupe tdt cdng viec, mac dil kilu cich lim niy doi trii bin vdi quy dinh Bernard Bernard Bernard Bernard Vi du: Khi thyc hien gan cdt vio day cip each thuc hifn ciia hai thp dien gidng Cling cdng viec: thg dien dung biia ddng cdt vio day cap, thg dien ciing diing biia de ddng cdt vao cip, day chinh li ciing vin hda nghe nghiep ciing mdt tip the * Phong each boat dpng (Styles d'activite) Phong cich boat ddng cua mdi c i nhan chinh li cdng viec kieu cich van hda nghe nghiep tao Ndi dung ban, dd chinh li sy bien hda cua the loai (genre) mpt moi trudng hay mgt hoan canh cy thl nio Va cung chinh VI the, liic dang hanh dpng, ngudi ta bit bugc phai "kheo leo, nhanh tay"j linh hoat, biet cich lam the nio cho phu hgp vdi nhirng kieu "bien dang", cd khac han mgt it nhung ciing nam chung mot "kieu each nghe nghiep" Vi du: Thp dien 1, cung mgt cdng viec dong cdt nhung each ddng khac nhau: Thp dien _ thi dung due dong tir tren thang xuong, thp dien dung due dong nghieng qua Do la phong each thuc hien ciia mdi ngudi Do chinh la phong cich lam viec ciia thg dien lip tu dien dieu khien cho cac may sin xuat Dua tren cac dii lieu da phan tich cin bp hudng nghiep giiipHS khim p h i su khic biet giiia kien thiic dugc hpc d nha trudng, kien thirc lao dpng, the gidi lao ddng cd su sing tao q u i trinh thyc hien Day li tinh hudng giiip HS hieu dugc nhiem vu quy Prol, 2008, Tam ly hgc lao dpng, bai liijiS Th&c Sl chuyen nganh tam ly hpc va thi;c hinh hucmg nghi?p Prot Tki li$u dS din Prot Tai li;u da dan Prot TM li?u dS dan ( Xem liep trang 22) TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 93-05/2013 - NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG ldi sdng linh mgnh, tu hoin thien b i n thin, hinh thinh nen mpt n h i n cich cua ngudi CBCC N h i nude T i i lifu tham khao Nghi dinh so 63/2010/ ND- CP ngdy 08/6/2010 ve Kiim sodt thu tuc hdnh chinh ciia Chinh phii, nam 2010 Nghi quyet so 30c/NQCP ngdy 08/11/2011 ban hdnh Chucmg trinh tong the edi cdch hdnh chinh nhd nu&c giai dogn 2011-2020 cua Chinh phu nam 2011 Quyit dinh so 129/2007/ QD-TTg ngdy^02/8/2007 ban hdnh Quy ehe vdn hoa eong sa tgi cdc ca quan hdnh chinh nhd nu&c kem theo ciia Thii tudng Chinh phii, nam 2007 Quyit dinh so 4014/QDBGDDT ngdy 27/9/2012 vi Quy chi vdn hoa cong s& ea quan Bg Gido due vd Ddo tgo, nam 2012 Summary Work culture is understood as the rules and standards of conduct among civil servants (who represent the state administrative agencies) and between civil servants and citizens in order to maximize the capacity to achieve the highest efficiency in public service activities XAY DUNG TINH HUONG HUOMG NGHIEP dinh trudc ciia nghe dien Tinh budng giiip HS biet dugc boat ddng lao dgng cd nhiing cdng cy ngudi thg sang tao, sau tinh hudng niy HS nhin thuc dupe ring, de sir dung dd ^ vit nghe dien tdt thi can phai ren luyen cic ky ning, nhtrng vat mang tmh sang tgo ciia ngudi lao ddng - Tinh huong 3: To chuc cho HS thdo lugn cong viee gdn cot vdo ddy cdp md thg dien da thuc kien Tinh hudng niy giup HS tu xiy dyng dugc phieu thdng tin nghe difn thdng qua boat ddng nhdm D i y li tinh hudng de thio luin tdng hpp cic kien thiic eiia tinh hudng 1, tinh hudng 2, giiip HS ty khim p h i nghe difn thdng qua bdn cau hdi nhu sau: / Ldm cong viic ndy cho ai? Ldm eong viee ndy di ldm gi? Ldm cong viic ndy v&i cdi gi? Ldm cong viic ndy v&i ai? K i t luan Bii vilt da xiy dung mpt so tinh hudng hudng nghifp de cung cip thdng tin vl nghe difn thdng qua cac khii niem t i m ly hge lao ddng nhu: cdng cu, vit chit, nhiem vu, nhifm vu quy djnh trudc, nhiem vu hifu qui, kieu cich hogt ddng, thuc te ciia boat dong Day li nhiing khii nifm rit quan trgng viec xiy dung tai lifu cung cip thdng tin budng nghiep v l nghi dien ndi rieng, thdng tin hudng nghifj) noi chung De td chiic tdt hudng nghifp cho HS cin phii d i m b i o tinh khoa hpc, sii dung cic phuang phip hgp ly, cin bd hudng nghiep can phii thuc hien diing qui trinh d l dgt dugc nhiing ket qua nhit dinh cdng tic hudng nghifp Ddng thai cin bp hudng nghifp cin cd sy linh boat q u i trinh thyc hien, khdng nen rip khudn, cung nhic Can bd hudng nghiep phii hieu diing vai trd cua minh q u i trinh thuc hifn hudng nghiep cho HS, chii y gitr diing chiic nang, nhiem vu ciia minh q u i trinh hudng nghiep trinh su nhim lin giira vai trd cua ngudi lim 2 • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 93-05/2013 (tiep tt ?m cdng tic budng nghifp, vai tro giio vien td chiic hudng nghifp cho HS Tai lifu tham k h i o Ding Danh Anh, Nhiing neo du&ng lap nghiip, NXB Van hda Thdng tin H i Npi 2003 Dgng Danh Anh, Mo td nghe & Viet Nam, Bdi gidng Thgc sT chuyin ngdnh tdm ly hgc vd thuc hdnh hu&ng nghiep, Khoa Su phgm Dai hpc Qudc gia H i Npi 2007 Prot Bernard, Tdm ly hge lao dgng Bdi gidng Thgc si ehuyen ngdnh tdm ly hgc vd thu chdnh huang nghifp, Vien INETOP - CNAM, Phap 2007 Pham T i t Dong, Tu van hu&ng nghiep, NXB Giao due 2007 Pham Van Som, Tu van hu&ng nghiep- chgn nghe NXB Giio dye H i Ndi 2009 Trung tim Lao dpng Hudng nghifp So toy tu vdn hu&ng nghigp, NXB Giio due 2007 ... hpc d nha trudng, kien thirc lao dpng, the gidi lao ddng cd su sing tao q u i trinh thyc hien Day li tinh hudng giiip HS hieu dugc nhiem vu quy Prol, 2008, Tam ly hgc lao dpng, bai liijiS Th&c Sl... qua cac khii niem t i m ly hge lao ddng nhu: cdng cu, vit chit, nhiem vu, nhifm vu quy djnh trudc, nhiem vu hifu qui, kieu cich hogt ddng, thuc te ciia boat dong Day li nhiing khii nifm rit quan... ciia ngudi lao ddng - Tinh huong 3: To chuc cho HS thdo lugn cong viee gdn cot vdo ddy cdp md thg dien da thuc kien Tinh hudng niy giup HS tu xiy dyng dugc phieu thdng tin nghe difn thdng qua boat