THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
C A c YEU TO ANH HUONG DEN ML/C DO STRESS O GlAO VIEN MAM NON TS Trinh Viet Then Tnrdng Dai hoc Vdn Hien TOM TAT Bdi viet ndy de cdp den cdc yeu to dnh huong den mirc stress a gido vien mdm non Nghien cuu duac tien hdnh tren 635 gido vien gidng day tai cdc truang mdm non cong lap vd ngodi cong lap tren dia bdn thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Phuang phdp dieu tra bdng bdng hoi va phong vdn sdu duac su dung nghien cuu ndy Kel qud cho thdy, cdc yeu td nhu: tinh lac quan bi quan: nguon ho tra lir dong nghiep; nguon ho Ira tir phu huynh cua tre; nguon ho tra tir gia dinh; long yeu nghe thai gian ddnh cho cong viec a nhd co lien quan den nghe nghiep cua gido vien la nhiing yeu to doc lap lac dong co khd ndng du bdo mirc stress a gido vien mdm non Kiem dinh mo hinh long hap cdc yeu to cho thdy mo hinh ket hap cdc yeu to' su ho tra tir dong nghiep ho tra tit phu huynh cua tre, tinh lac quan, bi quan cho thdy phu hap nhdl va cd the du bdo co y nghia mirc stress a gido vien mdm non Tu' khoa: Stress; Mirc stress, Gido vien mdm non Stress a gido vien mdm non Ngdynhdnbdi 16112/2016; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi 25/3/2017 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was lo investigate factors affecting stress level of preschool teacher This study investigated 635 preschool teachers at Private and Public Nursery School in Ho Chi Minh City Research methods utilized in this study were questionnaire survey and m-depth interview The findings indicated that factors as optimism, pessimism, supportive colleagues, job-related lash done at home were independent variables capable to predict stress level of preschool teacher Analyzing linear and multilinear regression model showed that supportive colleagues, supportive parents, being optimistic and being pessimistic were the most suitable faclors and could significantly predict stress level ofpre.school teachers Kc>'words: Stress level; Pre.school teacher Faclors affecting on stress level oJ preschool teachers Dat van de Cac nghien cuu ly lu^n va thyc ti6n cua cac tac gia dugc lian hanh nuac va Ircn the giai cho thay, c6 vk nhiSu y6u to anh huong d^n muc stress o giao vien mam non co cac \ c u 16 nhu tinh lac quan, bi quan, nguon TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So (217) - 2017 79 hd trgr xa hoi; long yeu n ^ ; thdri gian d M i cho hoat dpng nghe nghiep [8], [9], [16], Cac yiu t6 co thi du bio duoc mue stress d gi4o vien mam non - Tinh lac quan, bi quan cua gido viin mam non: Tinh l^c quan hay bi quan dugc coi la m6t nhChig thien hudng ciia nhan each Tinh th&i lac quan dugc Scheier va Carver dinh nghia la lu6n dugc mong dgi, tin tuong tang iihihig diSu tSt dep se xay Vdi nhthi| dac diim nay, each suy nghT, thai noi chung cua nguoi lac quan d6i vdi the gidi, ngucri xung quanh luon theo chilu hudmg tich cue Nho thi no eho ph6p ngucri (tag hieu qu4 hon tniac nhiing tmh hu6ng kho khan, bSt ngftr, giam di nguy co cua benh tfit [5], [7], Tinh lac quan, bi quan cd mil liSn h8 vdi siie kh6e a cdch nhin nhan va umg xil ciia ca nhSn vdi binh tat cua muih cung nhu vdi tSt c4 nhimg gi xay cugc s6ng hang Cach itag xil tich cue, hgp If ciia nhttng ngucri lac quan sS t?o diiu kien eho vific khic phuc nhung hSu qua khong mong muon va tao each sing lanh manh Con each ung xil bi quan, thiiu niem tin co the lam benh tat thSm phit (riln va cugc s6ng them nang nl Ngucri giao vien mam non co tmh thin lac quan co thi giiip ho co each nhin nhan, danh gii, ling xu vdi cac van de xay boat d6ng nghi nghiep mgt each diing dSn, chinh xac, c6 tinh thin thoai mai, thiic day giao vien hoan tot cong viec - 5{r hdi idng ddi vdi nghe nghiep cua gido vien mam non: Stress cong viec dugc coi la mgt dac diim cua eong viec cd lien quan den sir hai long cua ngudi lao dgng Nhieu cong viec doi hoi nguoi lao dpng phai doi mjt vdi cac rac roi eiia nhimg khaeh hang kho tinh, bit man hoac thoi gian lao dgng keo dai va cac hinh thuc stress khac NhiJng cSng thing keo dai nhu viy gay hai cho sHc khoe tinh thin ciia cong nhin va lien quan din su khdng hai long vdi cong viec (Hart, 1999) [4, tt 39] Cong viec va gia dmh la hai khia canh quan trgng cugc song eua mgt ca nhan Nhihig thay doi tai noi lam viec va thay doi nhan su da duge nhieu nha nghien ciiu chii y tim hilu mdi quan h6 giiia cong viee va cugc s6ng gia duih eiia nhan vien Su hai long va cang thing tam ly boat dgng nghi nghiep diu co nguon goc tCr cong viee va cu5c s6ng gia dmh eiia ca nhan Toan ciu hoa di lam thay doi moi truong lam viec din den eo cau lai cong in viec lam, khii lugng eong viSc nhieu, thoi gian lam vi6c keo dai, canh tranh cong viee Diiu kien vit chat cung nhu tinh than co anh hucmg dang kl din mure hai long cong viec cua nhan vien v i mirc thucmg xuyen ving mat tai noi lim viec cua hg (Termant, 2001) Su hai long cong viee co tam quan trgng song eon doi vdi hieu qua cua mgt to chuc cung nhu hieu qua hoat dgng cila ci nhin "Su hai long cong viec dugc ggi li mgt sir kit hgp tam ly, moi hircmg va sinh ly lim eho mgt ci nhan thirc su cam thay hii long vl cong viee cua minh" (Hoppoek, 1935) 80 TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC, So' (217), - 2017 Hai long cong viec la mot khai niem linh boat va phuc tap M6i ngirai cam nhan no mot each khac No thucmg dugrc xem xet boi canh tac ddng ciia ydu t6 ben ngoai No gidng nhu su nhan thijrc npi tSm cua mpt ngucri va cam xuc ma CO th6 lien quan den nhung thu nhu mpt cam giac nguoi dat duac mpt cai gi (Mullins, 2005) Thii hai, la thai dp doi vai cong viSc, la m6t nhiJng thai dp tich cue hoac la tieu cue (Abdul, Ismail va Jaafar, 2010) Thuc te cho thay, mot nguai co thai dp tich cue doi voi cong viec neu nguoi co miic dp cao ctia su hai long cong viec v^ mpt ca nhan co thai dp tieu cue d6i vai cong viec neu nguai co su bat man tii cong viec Nguoi quan ly sii dung nhan vien co thai dp tich cue nhu mpt su thay the cho sir hai long cong viec cua nhan vien (P Robbins va Coulter^ 2004) [14] Doi voi giao viSn mam non, su hai long cong viec the hien qua thai dp, each ung xu" vai tre, voi dong nghiep mpt each tich cue boat dpng nghe nghiep va tinh hieu qua cong viee miic dp cao Su hai long cong viec se giup giao vien no lire, khac phuc va hoan nhiem vu nhung dieu kien, hoan canh cong viec kho khan mang tinh dac thu ciia nghe giao vien mam non - Nguon ho tra xa hgi cua gido vien mam non: Theo tae gia Phan Thi Mai Huang (2007), cho dua xa hpi la nhung noi ma nguoi co the nhan duac cac nguon cam xiic, thong tin, iing hp, tra giiip thong qua nhung moi quan he xa hpi Cac nguon ho trp xa hpi ve ca ban co the gom: gia dinh, ban be, dong nghiep, cac to chiic va ton giao, tin nguang Khi cho dua xa hpi viing chac thi cupc song tam ly ciia nguai cang co dieu kien de phat trien on dinh hon Cho dua xa hpi ciia moi nguai thupc vao pham vi hoat dpng ciia ca nhan [5, tr 78-82] Co bang ehiing phii hpp cho thay, nhan vien nhan duac nhieu su ho tra thi CO trai nghiem cang thang va kiet siic thap ban nguai khac (Lee va Ashforth, 1996) va noi nhan vien dang phai doi mat vai nhu cau tiem an ctia cang thang, xung dot va cac van de tai nai lam viec co sy ho trp tir nhimg nguoi khac c6 the lam giam tac dpng cua ap lyc den ca nhan, giiip ca nhan hanh phiic ban (O'Driscoll va Cooper, 2002) Nghien ciiu cua Greenglass Fiksenbaum va Burke (1996) chi rang, su ho trp tir cac dong nghiep va nguai giam sat da c6 mpt anh huong dang ke den su kiet siic a giao vien va cam xiic co lap lam tram trpng them kinh nghiem stress Mpt phan lap va danh gia stress a 1.110 giao vien nguai Canada eho thay, co su tuang quan chat che giGa stress o giao vien va su ho trp xa hpi (Dussault Deaudelin, Roycr va Loiselle, 1997) Trong danh gia stress ciia 424 giao vien o Diic (Van Dick, 1999) cho thay, ho trp xa hpi co tac dung tich eye doi voi siic khoe va cung la mpt hieu ling dem giup giam stress hoal dong nghe nghiep [13, tr 39| TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So (217), - Trong trucmg mim non, mSi lop hgc thuoc vao sT so ciia tre s6 c6 tu hai giao vien hoic bao miu ciing phu trach Do do, boat dgng ngh6 nghifip, giio vien tiip nh|hi sir h5 trg x i hdi frirc tiip tir d6ng nghigp (giao vi6n, bao miu, nguai quin 1^), til phu huynh ciia tre v i tir gia dinh ed cic thih hulng, sir kien xay gay stress giio vi6n, ddng thoi day eiing chinh la cho d\ra xa hgi giiip giio vi6n ling phd vdi stress vi tu tin cong viec Sir ho teg xa hgi thi hien thong qua cim xilc x i hdi hay hinh dgng giiip dO giio vign nhim giii quyit cic tinh hudng, su kien xiy teong ho?t dgng nghe nghiSp Trong nghien eilu niy, chiing toi tim hilu su tac ddng cua su ho teg x i hgi doi voi giio vien tir dSng nghi6p, ttr phu huynh cua tre v i tir phia gia dinh cua giio vien giao vien gip steess - Thdi gian ldm vi^c cua gido vien mSm non: Nhi6u eong teinh nghien ciiu eho thiy, thoi gian lam viec cua giio vien li mgt ttong nhiing yeu to du bao mile stress d giio vien msmh nhit Cac tie gii Torres, Lambert, Lawyer (2009) tiln hinh nghien ciiu sttess cong vi6c tten 370 giio vien trung hgc Kit qui cho thiy, gin mgt nira giio vien bio cao lim viec tit 46 - 65 gig moi tuin S6 giir lam vice mSi tuan la yeu td du bio ldm nhit ttong tit ca cic yeu to inh huong din mile sttess eong viSc; yeu t6 diing thii bai la gidi tinh, phu nu eo mue sttess cao hon nam gidi [15], Trong cic nghien eilu ve stress d giio vien mim non ciia cac tic gii Kelly v i Berthelsen (1995, 1997) [8], [9]; Tsai, Fung, Chow (2006) [16]; Zmsser, Bailey, Curby, Denham va Bassett (2013) [17] cho thay, giio vien ngiy cing phii dap ling nhieu hon cic cong viec tir nudi duong, cham soc cho din giio due tte, giao vien eo cam giac khong du thdi gian dl thuc hiSn cic cdng viec Ngoii cic cong viee tai trudmg mim non, giio vien phii lam ci nhiing viec co lien quan den nghe nghiep tai nhi nhu chuan hi dd diing day hgc, hoan thinh cic thii tuc giiy td co lien quan Nhu vay, thdi gian lim viec ed lien quan den nghe nghiep cua giio vien mam non dugc xac dinh bao gom thdi gian lam viee tai trudmg va thdi gian lam viec tai nhi co lien quan den nghe nghiep, diy li hai yeu to cd the du bio mUe steess cua hg Trong nghien ciru nay, chiing toi tim hieu cic yeu to teen tie dgng nhu the nio din mile sttess giao vien mim non d Hd Chi Minh Nhirng yiu to da dugc xic nhin li tic dgng den sttess nhung a moi truang lam viec va van hda nude ngoii, cnua hoan loan duge chiing minh d moi trudng giio due mam non teong nude Phirang phap nghien ciru Mau nghien ciru Nghien eiiu dugc tien hanh tren 635 giio vien mam non, teong bao gdm 65% giio vieij thuge cic truong eong lip va 35% giio vien thuge cac trucmg 82 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd' (217), - 2017 ngo^i cong l|ip thupc mot s6 quan, huyen tren dja ban Ho Chi Minh Tu6i trung binh mlu = 32,09, trung binh tham nien cong tac = 8,97 Cdng cu nghiin c^u Phuong phap didu tra bSng bang boi dugfc sir dung dk tim hieu sir tac dong ciia cac yeu t6 din muc stress a giao vien mam non Bang hoi gom cac thang va npi dung sau: - Thang mirc stress a gido vien mdm non: Thang duoc xay dung dua tren cac thang va bang hoi ve stress ctia cac tac gia nuoc va nude ngoai [2], [3], [6], [7], [10], [U], [12], [16] CJ day, stress a giao vien mam non duac danh gia dua tren cam nhan ca nhan ciia giao vien ve miic dp tac dpng cua tac nh^n gay stress hp, bao gom nhihig tac nhan eo Hen quan den to chiic nha trucmg mam non, ap lire cong viec, dae diem ciia tre va nhiing thay doi sinh ly a giao vien Co miic dp tac dpng cua eac tac nhan den giao vien mSm non gom: khong tac dpng = diem = khong bi stress; tac dpng lan/thang ^ diem = stress thap; tac dpng lan/tuan hoac lan/thang = diem ^ stress trung binh; tac dpng - lan/tuan hoac - iWtbang ^ diem = stress cao; tac dpng tren lan/tuan hoac tren 17 lan/thang = diem = stress rat cao Du: lieu thu duoc tu khao sat thuc tien da duoc phan tich de xae dinh dp tin cay ciia thang stress a giao vien mam non Thang gom 39 menh de, vai dp tin cay Alpha ciia Cronbaeh = 0,951 Miic dp stress ciia tiing ca nhan la trung binh cua cac menh de phan sau doi diem cae menh de nghich dao Diem cang cao co y nghTa la miic dp stress cang cao - Thang tinh lac quan, bi quan: Thang duoc xay dyng dua tren sy tham khao thang ve tinh lac quan - bi quan cila cac tac gia va ngoai nuac [3], [5], [7] va tir khao sat thyc tien boat dpng nghe nghiep cua giao vien mam non Thang bao gom 18 menh de vai dp tin cay Alpha eiia Cronbaeh ^ 0,742 Thang co menh de danh gia tinh lac quan, menh de danh gia tinh bi quan va menh de la co chiic nang kiem soat Moi menh de co miic dp lya ehpn tu "'hoan toan dong y" den "hoan toan khong dong y" Cach danh gia: khong tinh diem cac menh de lam day Doi vai menh de the hien tinh lac quan dupe tinh diem nhu sau: hoan toan dong y ^ diem; dong y = diem; khong dong y cung khong phan doi = diem; khong dong y ^ diem; hoan toan khong dong y = diem Doi vai cac menh de the hien tinh bi quan thi eho diem nguac lai - Thang nguon ho tra xd hoi: Bao gom thang danh gia nguon ho tro tii dong nghiep bao gom 12 menh de, vai dp tin cay Alpha eiia Cronbaeh ^ 0,925, cac menh de the hien su h6 tro tu dong nghiep va can bp quan ly truang mam non doi voi giao vien giao vien gap stress: Thang danh gia ngudn TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, So (217), - 2017 83 hS teg tir phu huynh eua tr6 bao gdm 10 m?nh dl, vdi tin c?y Alpha ciia Cronbaeh = 0,888, cac m8nh dl thi hien su h6 ttg tCt phu huynh cua tre doi vdi giio vi&i giio vien gip sttess ttong hoat dgng nghi nghi?p tai trucmg; Thang dinh gii ngudn hS trg til gia dinh giio vien bao gdm menh de, vdi tin cay Alpha cua Cronbaeh = 0,923, h$ s6 tai cic menh dl cila thang > 0,5, cic mSnh dl thi hien su hd ttg tir gia dinh ddi vdi giio vien giao vien gip sttess boat dgng nghi nghifip tai trudng Mdi mgnh dl dugc danh gii vdi mUe dd, tuong ling vdi mile di£m: diem = hoan toin sai; digm = sai nhieu hem diing; diem = nira diing niia sai; diim = dung nhiiu hon sai; diim = hoin toin diing BiSm trung binh cang cao thi giao vien nhan duge su h8 teg x i hdi cang cao til dong nghiep, phil huynh cua tee v i gia dinh giao vien giao vien gap steess - Thang su hdi Idng ddi vai nghe nghiep: Mile hai long ddi vdi nghe ngbigp eda giio vi6n dugc danh gii theo thang miic tir hii long rit eao la 10 diem vi khdng hai long chdt nio li diim Giio vien eho diem cang cao thi mile hii Idng vdi cdng viec eua minh cing cao va ngugc lai - Thang thai gian ldm viic cita gido vien: Thoi gian lim viec ciia giao vien lien quan den nghi nghiep dugc dinh gia theo mgt ngiy lam viec 24 gid Thdi gian lim viee cua giao vien dugc v i dinh gii theo hai hinh thiic li thoi gian giio vien lam viec tai truong v i thdi gian giio vien lam viee tai nhi ed lien quan den cdng viee tai trudmg Thdi gian lim vide dugc tinh bang gid Phdn tich thdng ke - Phdp hdi quy tuyen tinh don duge sii dung dl tim hieu su tie dgng va kha nang du bio mirc steess d giao vien eiia timg bien doe lap Trong phan tich niy, mure dd sttess d giio vien ii biin phu thuge, cae yeu td hd ttg tit ddng nghiep, bd trg tir phu huynh eua tre, bd trg tir gia dinh, Idng yeu nghe, tinh lac quan, bi quan, thdi gian lam viee tai trudng va thdi gian dinh cho cdng vi& d nhi cd lien quan den nghi nghiep la biin ddc lip - Phin tich hdi quy bdi vdi phuong phap hdi quy loaiteritdin (Stepwise regression) dugc sir dung dl xae dinh nhiing mo hinh cic yiu td tac dgng cd y nghia nhat den mile stress cua giao vien mim non vdi yiu td doc lip da dugc nhic den d tren Ket qua nghien cu-u 3.1 Muc stress dgido vien mdm non Ket qua nghien eilu thuc tien cho thiy, giio vien mim non hien ed ttii nghiem sttess d mirc ttr khong hi stress din steess rit cao, teong dd, da sd giio TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd (217), - 2017 vien cd mile til khdng bj steess din stress nhe Ket qui niyteaingugc vdi nghien cim ctia Kelly va Berthelsen (1995, 1997) [8], [9]; Tsai, Fung vi Chow (2006) [16]; Zmsser, Bailey, Curby, Denham vi Bassett (2013) [17] cho thay, giio vien mam non d tic vi Hdng Kong hien dang rit stress Mean = 0.9873 Std Dev = 0.67767 N = 636 Ghi chii 0- Khdng bi stress, i- Stress nhe: 2- Stress trung binh: 3- Stress cao: 4- Stress rdt cao Bieu 1: Muc stress d gido vien mdm non Theo Kyriacau (2007, 2009), mirc dl) stress d giao vien hoat dong nghe nghiep tiiy thuoc vao sir nhin nhan, danh gia cua moi giao vien trude su tac dpng ctia cac tac nhan gay stress 110], [11] Ngoai mirc stress d giao vien cdn phu thuoc vao nhicu yeu to khac nhu: nguon trg giup xa hgi, long yeu nghe, tinh lac quan, bi quan, Vay mirc stress d giao vien mam non chiu su tac dpng tir cac yeu to nao? Chiing toi da tien hanh nghien cuu, phan tich va tim hieu cac yeu td tac dpng cdng nhu kha nang du bao cua cac yeu to anh hudng den mirc dp stress o giao vien mam non, Moi mgt yeu to cd su anh huong, tac dgng va du bao miic dp stress d giao vien la khac Viec tim hilu yiu td du bao mirc dp stress d giao vien mam non la can thiet va ddng vai trd quan trpng rat Idn vice giiip giao vicn vucrt qua stress TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd4 (217), 4-2017 85 3.2 Cdc yiu td dnh hirdng din mirc dS stress dgido vien mam non Ket qui phin tich hdi quy dom bien (bang 1) eho thiy, cic yeu td hd ttg tir ddng nghiep, hd teg tir phu huynh cua tee, hd teg tir gia dinh, long yeu nghe, tinh lac quan, bi quan vi thdi gian dinh cho cdng vice d riba cd lien quan den nghe nghiep ed the du bio duge miic steess cd y nghia thdng ke Tuy nhien, tit ci eae yeu td niy diu cd mure du bao thip, dao dgng tir 1,2% (yeu tdthdi gian danh cho cdng viec d nha cd lien quan din nghi nghiep) den 9,8% (hd ttg tir ddng nghiep) Bdng 1: Yeu Id du bdo mirc dd stress dgido vien mdm non Bien phu thuoc: Mirc stress B t P R' F Ho tro tir dong nghiep -0,301 •• -8,288 0,000 0.098 68,692 Ho trg til' phri huynh cua tre -0,266" -7,529 0,000 0,082 56,689 Ho trg tir gia dinh -0,133" -3,506 0,000 0,019 12.294 Long yeu nghe -0,359** -4,167 0,000 0,027 17,360 Lac quan, bi quan -0.342" -5,865 0.000 0.052 30,401 0.319 1,304 0,193 0,003 1,702 0.181" 2,761 0,006 0.012 7,621 Bien doc tap: Thai gian lam viec tai truong Thoi gian lam viec a nha {cong viec lien quan den nghe nghiep) Ohi chi ** CO tuang quan vai mice stress (p < 0,01j So lieu tren cho thay cac yeu to hd trp tir ddng nghiep hd trg tir phu huynh cua tre, ho trg tir gia dinh, long yeu nghi tinh lac quan bi quan co tuong quan nghjch chieu vdi mirc dp stress d giao vien mim non Khi giao vicn nhan duoc nhieu sir ho trp tir ddng nghiep, ho trg tir phu huynh cua ire, hd trg tir gia dinh va long yeu nghi, tinh lac quan bi quan cao thi mirc stress d giao vien_se giam Ngupc lai giao vien cang it nhan dugc su hd trg tir ddng nghiep hd trp tir phu huynh cita tre, hd trg tir gia dinh va long \cii nghi tinh lac quan hi quan thap thi mirc dp stress a giao vicn se tang Yeu to thdi gian danh cho cong viec d nha cd lien quan din nghi nahiep cd tuong thuan vdi mirc dp stress d giao \icn Khi giao \icn danh'nhilu thdi gian d nha cho cong \icc cd lien quan din nghi nghiep thi giao \icn co mirc stress cao va ngugc lai giao vien danh it thdi gian d nha cho cong \ icc co lien quan den nghe nghiep thi giao vien cd mirc dc) stress thip 86 TAPCHiTAMLyHOC, Sd (21 7), - Trong yiu td dugc kiim dinh hdi quy don hiyin, kit qua kiim dinh cho thiy, yiu td thdi gian lim viec tai trudng khdng cd hrong quan vdi mirc So steess d giao vien mim non (khdng cd y nghia thdng ke) Khi xet rieng timg yiu td tic dgng eho thiy, mirc du bao li rat thap, nhien, teong thuc tl cho thay, khd cd the chi cd mgt yiu td tic dgng ma khdng cd cic yiu td khic gay nhieu Vi vay, phep phan tich hdi quy bdi stepwise (dua dan vao cic bien tae ddng va loai din nhirng bien khdng cdn y nghia) da duge sti dung de phit Men md hinh hdi quy tdi uu v i sit hon vdi thue te Toan bg yeu td tic dgng den mire stress d giio vien dugc dua vao phan tich hdi quy bdi (mdi tuong quan cao nhat giUa cac bien tac ddng cd gia tn 0,313) Ket qua dugc hiin thi d bang Bdng 2: Ba md hinh du bdo su thay ddi mirc stress a gido vien mdm non Cac mo hinh B (Hang so) 1,902 Ho tra tu dong nghiep -0,298 Beta t P 16,698 0,000 -0,313 -8,244 0,000 (Hang so) 2,060 17,525 0,000 Ho trg tir dong nghiep -0,222 -0,233 -5,633 0,000 -0,187 -4,502 0,000 15,154 0,000 Ho tro til' phu huynh cua tre -0,172 (Hang so) 2.320 Ho trg tir dong nghiep -0,190 -0,200 -4,632 0,000 Ho trO' til' phu huynh cua tre -0,155 -0,168 -4,002 0,000 Tinh lac quan, bi quan -0,108 -2,631 0,009 -0,161 R' F 0,098 67,956 0,127 45,159 0,136 32,699 Ket qua phan tich hoi quy bdi stepwise cho thay, cd md hinh du bao tdi uu, gdm: (1) Hd trg tir ddng nghiep (giai thich dugc 9,8% nhirng thay ddi trai nghiem muc dp stress d giao vien mam non); (2) Hd trg tir ddng nghiep, hd trg tir phii huynh cua tre (giai thich dugc 12,7% nhirng thay ddi trai nghiem mirc dp stress d giao vien mam non); (3) Hd trg tir dong nghiep, hd tip lir phu huynh cua tre, tinh lac quan, bi quan (giai thich dugc 13,6% nhung thay ddi trai nghiem mirc stress d giao vien mam non) Tir ket qua hdi quy bdi neu tren, cd the xay dung phucmg trinh thay ddi tnirc dp stress d giao vien mam non tir nhung thay ddi cua biin tac dpng TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd (217), - 2017 87 Mile steess d giio vien mim non = 2,32 (hang s6) - 0,200 (ho trg tu ddng nghiep - 0,168 (hd ttg tir phu huynh eda tte) - 0,108 (lac quan, bi quan) Trong md hinh niy, su h5 trg tir ding nghiep li bien cd tic dOng m?rJi nhit (Beta = -0,200) v i tinli lac quan, bi quan la biin cd tie dOng yeu nhat (Beta = -0,108) tdi mirc stress d giio vien mam non Kit qui phin tich ciing cho thiy, tap hgp da biin, tic ddng cua yiu td sir trg giiip tir gia dinh, long yeu nghi, thdi gian lim viec d nhi cd lien quan din nghi nghiep trd nen yeu di (khdng cd y nghia thdng ke) Nhu vay, xiy dung cic bien phap nhim giam sttess eho giao vien mim non, cin chu j den mgt sd bi?n phip quan trgng til ket qui tren Trude bet, cin ting cudng su hd ttg tir ddng nghigp, tir phu huynh cua ted ddi vdi cong viec ciia giio vien mim non Su hd trg cd thi bing nhiiu cieh nhu thay ddi nhan thurc (su tin tudng, su ghi nhin ), cim xiie (yeu thuang, thdng cam ) vi hinh vi giiip dd, tuong thin tuong ii, hudng vao nhiing tic nhan giy sttess, nhiing teai nghiem sttess vi each ting phd vdi stress d giio vidn Tuy nhien, de sg hd ttg dat hieu qui cin phai cd cich thire, bien phap hd teg cu the va ed sir phdi hgp nhip nhang giira giio vi6n, cin bg quan Iy, cic luc lugng khac teong trudng vi vdi phu huynh eua tte Thir hai, xet vl khia canh ci nhan, tinh lac quan, bi quan li < yeu td tie dgng den miic stress d giao vien, dieu niy cho thiy, giio vien can cd tinh thin lac quan ciing vdi cich nhin nhan va danh gia cic khia canh stress d giao vien mgt cich tich cue ttong boat ddng nghe nghiep Ket luan Tren ca sd kSt qui nghien ciru tren, cd thd khing dinh su ho ttg tir ddng nghiep, su hd trg tir phu huynh cua tte, su hd ttg tir gia dinh cua giio vien, Idng yeu nghe, tinh lac quan, bi quan, thdi gian lam viec d nha cd lien quan den nghe nghiep la nhirng yeu td cd kha nang du bio mire dp stress d giio vien mim non Tuy nhien, mirc du bio cua cic yeu td dugc dua vio kiem tra nghidn cim la khdng cao Vi vay, cd the mire steess d giio vien mim non cdn chiu su tie dpng eua nhieu yeu td khae niy sinh boat dgng nghe nghiep va phu thudc vao cac khia canh khae lien quan den mu:c steess d giao vien mim non nhu: tie nhin gay sttess, nhirng teii nghiem stress, each ling phd vdi steess d giio vien vi nhihig he qua lien quan den steess Do dd, cin ed cac nghien eiiu phat trien nham phit hien mdt each diy du hon cic yeu td anh hudng din mire steess d giao vien mam non Md hinh su hd trg tir ddng nghiep, ho teg tir phu huynh eua tre, tinh lac quan, bi quan ed the du bao cd y nghia v i tic dgng den mire stress d giio vien mam non Dieu cho thay, de glim stress d giao vien mim non, can bd quan ly, cic lue lugng khae nha trudng vi phu huynh eua tre cin cd each 88 TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, Sd (217), - 2017 thuc, bien phdp phSi hop t6t voi cac boat dpng, d6ng thoi giao vien chn CO tinh thhn lac quan hoat dpng nghe ngbiSp Tk\ lieu tham khao GerrigRJ vaZimbardo P.G., Tdm ly hoc vd ddi song, ^^XB Lao dpng, 2013 Pham Manh Ha, Ddnh gid mirc cdng thdng tdm ly (stress) cua gidng vien Dgi hoc Quoc gia Hd Noi, nguyen nhdn vd nhirng bien phdp phdng ngira, De tai nghien cim cap CO so, Dai hgc Khoa hoc Xahpi va Nhan van, QX09.10, 2011 D6 Thi L | Hang, Cdng thdng cua hoc sinh trung hoc thong Luan an tien sT Tam ly hoc, Hpc vien Khoa hpc xa hpi, 2014 Le Van Hao va Larsen K.S., Hdnh vi to chuc mot the gidi dang thay doi, NXB Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi, 2012 Phan Thi Mai Huong (Chu bien), Cdch ung phd cua tre vi thdnh nien vai hodn cdnh kho khdn, NXB Khoa hpc xa hpi, Ha Npi, 2007 Dang Phuong Kiet (Chu bien), Tdm ly vd sire khoe, NXB Van hoa thong tin, 2000 Dinh Thj Hong Van, Cdch irng phd vdi nhiing cdm xuc dm tinh quan he xd hoi cua tre vi thdnh nien thdnh Hue, Luan an tien sT Tam ly hpc, Hpc vien Khoa hpc xahpi, 2014 Kelly A.L and Berthelsen D.C., Preschool teachers' experience of stress Teaching and Teacher Education 1:345-357, 1995 Kelly A.L and Berthelsen D.C., Teachers coping with change: The stories of rwo preschool teachers, Australian research in early childhood education, Joumal of Australian research in early childhood education 1: 62 - 70, 1997 10 Kyriacou C , Essential Teaching Skills, Third edition published in 2007 by: Nelson Thomes Ltd, 2007 11 Kyriacou C , Effective Teaching in schools theory and practice, This edition printed in 2009 by: Nelson Thornes Ltd, 2009 12 Kyriacou C and Chien P.Y., Teacher stress in Taiwanese primary schools, Joumal of Educational Enquiry, Vol 5, No 2, 2004 13 Paulse J., Sources of occupational stress for teachers, wilh specific reference lo the inclusive education model in the western cape The degree of Master Atium in the Department of Industrial Psychology, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of the Western Cape 2005 14 Saeed K and Farooqi Y.A., Examining the Relationship between Work Life Balance Job Stress and Job Sali.sfaclion Among University Teachers (A Case oj University of Giiirat) Internationa! Joumal of Multidisciplin;ir\' sciences and eneineering Vol 5, No June 2014 TAP CHI TAM LyH0C,S64 (217), - 89 15 Torres R^., Lambert M.D., Lawver R.G., Job Stress among Secondary Ag Teachers: An Explanatory Study, American Association for Agricultural Education Research Conference Proceedings, May, 20 - 22,2009, Louisville, K.Y 16 Tsai E., Fung L., Chow L., Sources and manifestations of stress infemaleidndergarten teachers International Education Joumal, 2006, (3), pp 364 - 370, ISSN: 1443 - 1475, © 2006 Shannon Research Press 17 Zinsser K.M., Bailey C.S., Curby T.W., Denham S.A and Bassett H.H., Exploring the predictable classroom: Preschool teacher stress, emotional supportiveness and stude social-emotional behavior in private and Head Start classrooms Dialog, 16 (2), 90 - 108, Copyright © 2013, ISSN: 1930 - 9325 90 TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, S6'4 (217) 4-2017 ... cua giao vien mim non vdi yiu td doc lip da dugc nhic den d tren Ket qua nghien cu-u 3.1 Muc stress dgido vien mdm non Ket qua nghien eilu thuc tien cho thiy, giio vien mim non hien ed ttii nghiem... kien, hoan canh cong viec kho khan mang tinh dac thu ciia nghe giao vien mam non - Nguon ho tra xa hgi cua gido vien mam non: Theo tae gia Phan Thi Mai Huang (2007), cho dua xa hpi la nhung noi ma... vien mim non d Hd Chi Minh Nhirng yiu to da dugc xic nhin li tic dgng den sttess nhung a moi truang lam viec va van hda nude ngoii, cnua hoan loan duge chiing minh d moi trudng giio due mam non teong
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