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GAN KET XUC CAM CUA NGUOI LAO O O N G VOI DOANH NGHIEP: THUC TRANG VA ANH HUONG CUA NHAN THQC VE SU H TRO TU DOANH NGHIEP Nghien aiu duoc tai tro bed Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi de tai: Sir gan ket eda ngudi lao dong vdi doanh nghiepi Ma sd Q(3.15.45, PGS.TS Le Thi Minh Loan lam chu tri PGS.TS L6 Thi Minh Loan NguySn Thi Ganh Khoa Tdm ly hpc, Trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc Xd hpi vd Nhdn vdn, Dgi hoc Qudc gia HdNpi TOM TAT Bdi viit lim hiiu muc dp gdn kit xiic cdm cua ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh nghiep tren ca sd khdo sdi 541 ngudi lao dpng Igi logi hinh doanh nghiip Kel qud nghien cim cho ihdy, ty le ngudi lao dpng cd nhOng cdm xuc tich circ Idm viec tgi doanh nghiip nhu: cdm thdy hgnh phiic coi doanh nghiep nhu ngdi nhd thu hai tin rdng doanh nghiip xdng ddng vdi su irung thdnh ciia hp khong nhieu Thuc trgng ndy cd lien he chgl che vdi nhdn ihirc cug ngirdi Igo dpng vi su hd trp lir doanh nghiep So Hiu khdo sdt cho Ihdy cd mdi luang quan thugn giirg nhdn thde ciig ngudi Igo dpng ve sir hd trp lir doanh nghiep vd gdn kit xuc cdm nhgn thiic ve chinh sdeh bdo Mem vd phiic lpi cua doanh nghiep cd dnh hudng mgnh nhdl den gdn kit xuc cdm Tir kh6a: Gdn kit xuc cdm: Nhgn ihirc ve su hd trg lir doanh nghiep; Ngudi lao dpng Ngdy nhgn bdi: 19/9/2016; Ngdy duyel ddng bdi: 25/10/2016 D i t van de Tao dyng dpi ngii ngudi lao dpng cdng hien het minh va trung thinh vdi doanh nghiep ludn li diiu trin trd ciia cic nhi quin ly ttong boat ddng quin ly ngudn nhin lyc, die biet ttong bdi canh canh tranh gay gat giua cic doanh nghiep ve ngudn nhan lyc chat lupng cao hien Mdt chi sd quan ttpng tao nen sy cdng hiin v i su ttung eiia ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep chinh li gin ket xiic cam - mpt diinh phin ciia gin ket doanh nghiep TAPCHlTAMLVHOCSdll (212), 11-2016 31 Khai niem gin kel xuc cam vdi doanh nghiep duoc hieu nhu sy gin bd V i cim xiic ciia nguoi lao ddng v di doanh nghiep (Hackelt el al., 1994), trang thii ring budc cam xiic cua ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep (Allen vi Meyer, 1990) Ngudi lao ddng gin ket xiic cim vdi doanh nghiep v i hp mudii nhu vay chii khdng phai hp bit budc phai nhu va}, (Allen va Meyer 1990) Dieu nav cd nghia ring, hp lim v iec hoan loan cam xiic thyc, y nguv en, mong mudn ciia ban than dupe cdng hiin sue luc cho sy phit trien, Idn manh ciia doanh nghiep Gin kit xiic cam cd vai trd quan trpng ddi vdi doanh nghiep Nghien ciiu ciia Meyer va Allen (1997) cho thay, nhirng ngudi lao ddng gin ket xiic cam manh vdi doanh nghiep cd mong mudn ddng gdp vao sy cdng ciia doanh nghiep Idn hom so vdi nhimg ngudi gin kel xiic cam thap Gin kel xiic cam co luong quan nghjch vdi dy djnh chuyen noi lam viec, cd tuong quan manh me vdi nhirng hinh vi lien quan den cdng viec, vi du, sy tham gia thyc hien vai trd hinh vi id chiic Do nhiing tic ddng manh me ciia gan ket xiic cam den thai dp lim viec ciia ngudi lao ddng nen kha nhieu nghien ciru da tap trung phan tich cic yeu td anh hudng den gin ket xiic cam ciia ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh nghiep Va mdt cac yeu td dd la nhan thirc cua ngudi lao dpng ve sy h6 trp lir doanh nghiep Rd ring, kel qua thyc hien cdng viec ciia ca nhan bj anh hudng bdi nhan diirc ciia hp ve chinh sich nhan sy ip dyng tren thyc te ma khdng phai Ii nhihig dy djnh ciia cae nhi quin ly dupe viel tren giay Id, vin ban (Edgar va Geare, 2005) Nhan thirc vi hd ttp lir doanh nghiep cd mdi tuong quan tich eye manh m6 vdi gin kel xiic cam Theo quan diem ciia Eisenberger vi cdng sy, cic doanh nghiep neu mudn ngudi lao ddng gin kel xuc cim thi phai thi hien gin kit ciia minh vdi hp bing cich cung cap mpt mdi trudng lim vipc cd tinh ho trp (Eisenberger yi cdng sy, 1986) Trong sd nhitng diiu hp cd thi lim di thi hien sy hd ttp la ddi xii vdi nhan vien cdng bing va sy lanh dao tdt Ddng quan diim vdi i;isenberger Mcver va Smith nhin djnh cic biin lien quan din chinh sich va diyc tiin quan ly ngudn nhan lyc gdp phin vio nhan thirc vi sy hd trp cd the ddng gdp giin tiip vio sy phat triin ciia gin kit xuc cam (Meyer vi Smith, 2001) Ket luin tucmg ty cung dupe D Kooij va cdng sy (2010) dua cho ring, chinh sich nhin sy die biet quan trpng viec thiit lap thii dp cdng viec, die biet Ii gin kit xdc cam vdi cdng viec Bii viel niy t^ip trung lim rd thyc trang gin kit xuc cam cua ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep vi phan tich anh hudng cua nh^n thirc vi sy hd ttp tir doanh nghiep den thyc ttang Khach the va phuong phap nghien ciru 2.1 Khich the nghien ciru: Nghien curu tiin hanh dieu tra lai ncri lam vice vi noi d cua 541 ngudi lao ddng, lip trung vio loai hinh doanh nghiep: 32 TAP CHl TAM Vf HOC, Sd 11 (212), 11 - 2016 doanh nghiep Nhi nude (20,0%), doanh nghiep tu nhan (14,3%), cdiig ty TNHH (10,7%) cdn^ ty lien doanh (44,1%), cdng tv cd phin (10,9%) Dp tudi ttung binh cua khich die li 29,2, didi gian lam viec ttung binh la nim, ttong dd 54,2% la ntt, 20,4% giii cic vj tti quan ly khic Vi trinh dp dao tao ciia khach the: THPT (33,5%), ti\mg hpc chuyen nghiep (6,6%), cao ding (14,7%), dai hpc (36,9%), sau dai hpc (8,3%) 2.2 Phuffng phdp nghiin cuu Bai viel su dyng cic phuong phip nghien cuu la dieu tra bing bing hdi, phdng vin sau va xir ly sd lieu bing phan mem thdng ke toin hpc SPSS 2.2.1 Phucmg phdp diiu tra bdng bdng hdi Nghien cim sii dung thang gin kit Id chirc/doanh nghiep ciia Meyer vi Allen (1996) gdm 18 menh di ba diinh phin gin ket: gin kit xiic cim, gin ket Ipi ich vi gin ket ttich nhiem dupe thiet ke theo thang Likert mirc dp vdi diem sd dinh gii nhu sau: Rat dung: diem; Dung: diem; Diing nhieu hon sai: diem; Sai nhieu hon dung: diim; Khdng dung: diem Thang di dupe dieu chinh vi chuyin ngii cho phii hpp vdi vin phong vi tim ly cua ngudi lao dpiig Vi?l Nam Thanh phan gin ket xuc cam gdm m^nh de ching han: Tdi cam thay hanh phiic dupe lim vi?c ttong doanh nghiep niy Tdi coi doanh n^iep nhu ngdi nhi thir hai cua minh, doanh nghidp niy cd nhieu ngudi cd y nghTa ddi vdi ldi Ben canh nghien ciiu cdn thiet ke lhang nhin thirc cua ngudi lao dpng ve sy ho ttp ciia doanh nghiip theo lhang Likert miic dp vdi diem sd dinh gii nhu sau: Rit dung: diem; Dung: diem; Diing nhieu hom sai: diem; Sai nhieu hon diing: diem; Khdng diing: diem Thang niy bao gdm cic bien: - Nhin thiic ve thu nhap (5 m$nh de), vi dy: Mure luong phii hpp vdi thdi gian, cdng sure vi ning lyc lim vi?c; Dupe tri luong xiing ding cho thdi gian lim ngoii gid; Cd the liet kiem tir thu nhap di phdng nhihig liic dm dau - Nhin thiic ve chinh sich bio hiem, phiic Ipi ciia doanh nghiip (5 m?nh de), vi dy: Dupe ddng bio hiem (bio hiem xi hpi, y te, thit nghl?p); Viic to ehiic cho ngudi lao dOng di du Ijch, thim quan dupe thyc hien tdt; Viec khim ehtta binh cho ngudi lao dpng de ning cao dang ke tinh ttang siic khde cua hp Nhin thiic ve sy hd trp tim ly tir ngudi quin ly (4 m^nh di), vi dy: Ngudi quin Iy than mat, dl gin; Ngudi quan ly tdn ttpng, ling nghe y kiin ciia nhin vien; Ngudi quan ly dinh gii, ddi xu cdng bing vdi nhin vien - Nhin thiic ve sy ho ttp cdng viic tir ngudi quan Iy (4 menh di), vi dy: Ngudi quan Iy ho trp nhan vien ve chuyen mdn; Ngudi quan ly djnh hudng TAPCHlTAMLynCDCSdll (212) 11-2016 33 cich thirc lam vice cho nhan vien; Ngudi quan ly bicl veu cau nhan vien luan thii cic quy dinh ciia doanh nghiep 2.2.2 Phuong phdp phdng vdn sdu: Nghien ciru lien hanh phdng van sau 10 ngudi lao ddng vi nhiing cam xuc cdng viec ndi chung va nhiing cam xuc vdi doanh nghiep ndi rieng Ddng thdi, nghien ciiu cutig thiet ke ca ciu hdi ddng vi md lien quan tdi danh gii cua ngudi lao ddng ve sy hd trp tir doanh nghiep 2.2.3 Phirangphdp xd ly sd lieu bdng phdn mem thdng ke todn hgc SPSS Ngoii cic phep thdng ke md la, nghien curu cdn su dung mdt sd phep thdng ke sau: Phan tich nhin Id diang gin ket xiic cam ciia ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep cho diiy he sd KMO = 0,93 (> 0,5) kiim djnh Bartlett cd sig = 0,00 < 0,05 Sur dung phep xoay Varimax ttong phan tich nhan td cho phep thu nhan nhan td vdi ldng phuong sai Inch la 58.6% Nhu vay, viec chia thang gin kit xiic cam ciia ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep dianh nhan td la dam bao dp tin cay (> 50%) Nhan to gin ket xiic cim gdm menh de ching han nhu: Tdi rat hanh phiic dupe lam viec cho doanh nghiep; Tdi thay doanh nghiep nhu ngdi nha thii hai; Tdi cam thiy gin bd cam xiic vdi doanh nghiep Dya tren DTB va DLC ve gin ket xiie cim cua ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh nghiep, miic dp gin ket xuc t?im ciia ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep dupe chia miic: Gin ket xuc cim thap (I < DTB < 2,8); Gin kit xiic cam trung binh (2,8 < DTB < 4,3); Gin kit xuc cam cao (4,3 < DTB < 5) Phan lich dp tin cav lhang nhan thirc ciia ngudi lao dpng ve sy hd trp tir doanh nghiep cho thiy, he sd Alpha ciia Cronbach ciia cic bien Nhan thirc ve thu nhap Ii 0,87; Nhan thiic v c chinh sich bao hiim, phue Ipri ciia doanh nghiep la 0,85; Nhin thirc vc sy ho trp lam Iy ngudi lao dpng cua ngudi quan ly la 0.91; Nhin thiic ve sy hd trp cdng viec ciia ngudi quan ly la 0,87 Nhu vay, cic biin cua lhang nhin thiic ciia ngudi lao ddng ve sy hd trp tir doanh nghiep dim bao dp lin ciy Xic dinh he sd luong quan, hdi quy dom giifa lirng biin vi hdi quy bpi giiia sy tic dpng cua id hpp cac biin la thang nhan thirc vi su ho trp tir doanh nghiep vdi gin ket xuc cam eua ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep Ket qua nghien cuu 3.1 Thuc trgng gan kit xdc cim eda ngu&i lao dpng vdi doanh nghifp Thyc trang gin kel xuc cam ciia ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh nghiep dupe the hi?n d bing I ?-^ TAPCHlTAMLf HQCSdll (212), I I -2016 Bing 1: Thuc trgng gdn kit xdc cdm cua ngu&i lao dpng voi doanh nghiip DTB DLC Tdi cam thay hanh phue dirac lam vifc tai doanh nghifp 3,81 0,93 Toi coi doanh nghiep nhu ngoi nha thii hai 3,72 0,98 STT Noi dung Toi thay gan bo cam xuc vai doanh nghifp 3,68 0,91 Doanh nghiep na> co nhieu ngucri co y nghTa vai toi 3,55 1,01 Toi CO cam nhan manh me rana minh thuoc \ e doanh nghifp 3,27 1,05 Toi cam nh?n minh co nghTa vu phai lam vifc het minh vi doanh nghifp 3.57 1,01 Toi tin rang doanh nghifp xiing dang vori long trung cua toi 3,29 1,00 3,55 0.75 Gan ket xije cam Qua sd lieu bing cd the thav' nhiing npi dung lien quan den nhirng cam xuc tich eye nhit nhu: "Tdi cam tha)' hanh phiie dupe lim viec tai doanh nghiep" "Tdi coi doanh nghiep nhu ngdi nhi thir hai" "Tdi gin bd cam xiie vdi doanh nghi?p" xep d thii bic cao so vdi cic ndi dung cdn lai (DTB lan lupt li 3.81; 3,72 va 3,68) Nhirng cim xiic niy hinh thinh nen d ngudi lao ddng nhihig cam n h ^ ve sy phit trien hay suy thoii ciia doanh nghiep thyc nhu cua chinh minh Tim tu va tinh cim ciia ngudi lao ddng ttd nen ddng dieu vdi sy thing trim ciia doanh nghiep Chiing ta cd the cam nhin rd net dieu niy qua chia se cua chj L.T.H (Doanh nghiep Hoing Hien, chi nhanh Phii Cir, Hung Yen): "Nhieu cung mudn nghi di chai nhung dang thieu nhdn vien bdn hdng qud, dip li lgi ddng khdeh nin lgi thdi khdng nghi nua Nghi cUng lo phue vu vd chdm sdc khdng Ign linh thi khdeh hdng se khdng lin tirong vd mua hdng, doanh thu lgi thdp di nhdt Id thai gian ndy, doanh nghiip dang kho khdn" Hai trang thii cim xiic "Tdi cim nhan minh cd nghTa vu phii lim viec het minh vi doanh nghiep" va "Doanh nghidp niy cd nhieu ngudi cd y nghTa vdi ldi" cd DTB gin bing va ciing deu d mirc DTB ciia gin ket xuc cam cho thiy mdi quan he ring budc vc tinh cam vdi chinh cdng viec ciing nhu vdi mpi ngudi khdng manh Cudi cimg DTB d mirc thap hon so vdi DTB ciia gin kit xiic cim la "Tdi tin ring doanh nghiep xiing ding vdi Idng trung thinh" cung nhu "Tdi cd cim nhin manh mS ring minh thudc ve doanh nghiep" cho thay ngudi lao ddng cdn ed nhiing nghi ngai thieu Idng tin vio doanh nghiep TAP CHl TAM Vf HOC S 11 (212), 11 - 2016 35 Xet mdt cich tdng the ve mirc dp gin ket xiic cam cua ngudi lao dpng \ di doanh nghiep, 69,7% sd ngudi lao ddng cd gin kit xiic cim vdi doanh nghiep d miic dp ttung binh, nghTa la nhiiu hp khdng thyc sy cim diay hanh phiic, ddi cd cam giic thit vpng, mit niem tin, thinh thoang cd cim nhan doanh nghi?p li noi xa la, it cd nhiing ddng nghiep dian diiit Chj N.T.D (Cdng ty Metto Vi^t Nam) nhin manh din sy dan xen cic cam xiic lich cue, lieu cue ttong cic didi diim khic vi tao nen sy thd o, hd hOng ciia bin dian Imn viec: "Thai gian ddu di lam nhiit huyit Idm, lue ndo cOng thdy vui ve vd rdt tir tin, mong mudn phdn ddu vd ddng gdp nhiiu cho edng ty lam, cdn nghi day se Id not rninh Idm viec din hit d&i dy chir! Nhung gia thi cUng khong eon dugeedi thi day naa! Cdm gide hgnh phiie hay vui ve edn^ viic thi cung van ed nhung md Idm lau rdi cOng thdy nhiiu cdi bdt cdp, nhieu cdi thdt vgng lam em a, dua tranh-igi nhiiu khiin minh thdy ngpt nggt! Nhung md bdy gid cung dn dinh vd quen rdi, nggi thay ddi idm! Minh eii lam diing phdn su vd trdeh nhiim cita minh thdi cdn mgi ngu&i thi ndo thi ki hg\" Ben canh nhiing ngudi lao ddng gin kel xiic cam vdi doanh nghiep d miie trung binh thi cd 16,8% sd ngudi lao dpng cho ring, hp gin kit xiic cim vdi doanh nghiep minh d miic dp cao Mic du, day li mpt sd khdng ldn nhung cd the ndi, dd Ii bd phin ngudi lao dpng cd y nghTa ldn lao ddi vdi doanh nghifp Chiing la cd the cim nhin rd n6t sy gin kel mil thiet nghe nhimg chia se thii vi ciia chj N.T.T (Cdng ty Giiy da Panda): "Di lam ^ ^ c vu minh, lgi mang lgi ich cho ngu&i khde, cho doanh nghiip nin duong nhien phdi thdy vui ve ehd, day Id minh tu nguyen chii al bdt dugc minh phdi di Idm & ddu! Cir thodi mdi Um viic hit minh di rot nhgn dugc thdnh qud, se tu nhdn thdy niim vui thoi, lgi yiu nd dy ehif\" Hoic nhu chia sd ciia co N.T.M (Cdng ty Giiy da Panda) cho biit: "Di lam dugc nira nam, gl& chdn^ bdo righi & nhd cUng khdng mudn nghi, cir di lam thdi dl lam lgi thdy vui, tdi vi ndm ngii ngon lanh md chdng phdi suy nghi, tinh todn gi cd\" Nhu viy, r8 ring li, nhiing ngudi lao ddng cd sy gin ket xiic cam cao vdi doanh nghiep thudng the hi?n niem vui rd ret lim viec tai doanh nghiep Nhiing ngudi lao ddng khdng cd hoic rit hiim cd cim giic hanh phue ttong qua trinh lim viec, cd cim nhan don thuin doanh nghiep chi Ii noi giiip hp dim bio dupe cude sdng hoic miic y nghTa cua nhihig ngudi ddng n^iep ddi vdi hp thip Hp hiim cd cim giac doanh nghiep li noi than Ihupc, gin bd Qua diiu tta diuc li vi ttd chuyen, phdng vin sau, chiing tdi nhan thiy ring, nhiing ngudi lao dpng cd sy gin kit xuc cam d mirc dp thip ihudng cd nhimg cim xuc lieu cue qui ttinh lao dpng nhu: khdng dioii mii, hd hihig, dl ciu gian Chia se sau diy ciia anh N.H.N (Cdng ty Beeahn) sg thi hien rd net nhan djnh tten: "Nhiiu Idm viic thdy khd chiu idm, da mil mdt lgi cdn nhiiu 36 TAP CHl TAM Lt HOC S6 11 (212), 11 - chuyin phue tgp, khong ndi thi bdt rut khdng yen md noi thi lgi bdo co y gdy xich mieh, nhiiu khdng chiu duge ehi mudn dgp phd edi gi do! Nhiiu luc dit Id cdp trin hay ddng nghiip eUng khong the ndo dung hda md thodi mdi dugc nhimg vdn phdi nhin Cu chdp nhdn thdi thi di lam Id vi mmh md nin nhdm mat chg qua thdi' Ty le nhiing ngudi lao ddng cd tim trang kieu nhu tten chiem 13,5%, hp thudc nhdm nhiing ngucri gin bd xiic cam thap DThap • Trung binh DCao Bieu 1: Miie dp gdn kit xdc cdm cita ngu&i lao dpng vol doanh nghiip Tim hieu hf qui ciia gin kel xiic cim den dy djnh thay ddi noi lim viec bing phep kiem djnh Anova cho thiy sy khic biet ed y nghTa thdng ke ve gin ket xiic cim giiia nhdm cd dy dinh chuyen noi lam viic khic (F = 24,02; p = 0,00) So sinh DTB gin ket xiic cim gifl-a cic nhdm cho biet, nhdm "Sin sing thay doi noi lim viec neu cd co hdi" cd DTB thap nhit (DTB = 3,15), nhdm "Sa khdng thay ddi" cd DTB cao nhit (DTB = 3.74) Sd lieu niy hoin toan phii hpp vdi kel luan ring, gin ket xuc cim cd tuong quan nghjch vdi dy djnh chuyen noi lim viec (Meyer J.P va cdng sy, 2001) Lien quan den vin de niy, chj V.A (Cdng ty Vinafood), dupe hdi ve cdng viec ciia minh, chia se: "Tdi cho rang minh se sdn sdng chuyin di cd ea hgi tdt han" Cim nhin ciia chj V.A ve cdng viec vi doanh nghiep ciia minh dang ngiy cing thieu tich cue hon: "Ldm viic chua duge thodi mdi lue ddu di Idm cdn thdy minh mudn sdng cdn, gdn bd vol doanh nghiip nhimg ddn ddn thi thdy su nhiel tinh gidm hdn" Hon niia, bing phep kiem djnh Anova, nghien ciiu ciing khing djnh su khae bi?t cd y nghTa thdng ke giiia gin kel xiie cam cua ngudi lao ddng vdi hieu suit lam v iec thdng qua dinh gii ciia ngucri lao ddng ve khdi lupng, chit lupng va sy diinh diao ttong cdng viec (F lin lupt li 13,23; 16,76; 5,21 vi p = 0,00) TAP CHl TAM Vf HOC, Sd 11 (212), 11 - 2016 37 Sd lieu didng ke phan inh dieo chiiu hudng gin kit xuc cam cing cao thi DTB vi hieu suit lim viec cang ldn Do vay, nhan djnh ring gan ket xiic cam cua ngudi lao ddng cd tic ddng den hieu qua lam viec eiia ngudi lao dpng la cd co sd 3.2 Anh hudmg eda nhgn thurc vi su hd trg tir doanh nghifp den gin kit xuc cam eda ngu&i lao dpng Nhu da trinh biy d tten, cic nghien curu deu khang djnh mdi luomg quan thuan gifta nhin thirc vi sy hd ttp tir doanh nghiep vdi gin kel xiic cam cua ngudi lao ddng Trong nghien curu nay, kit qua tuong quan giura hai bien dupe the hien d bang Bang 2: Mdi tuong quan giiia nhgn thde ve su ho trg tii doanh nghiip vol gdn kit xuc cam eua ngu&i lao dgng Nhan thirc cua ngirdi lao dgng ve sir ho trqr tii doanh nghiep Gan ket xiic cam P r Nh|n thiic vf thu nhap 0.00 0,47 Nh|n thijc ve chinh sach bao hiem, phiic lpi cua doanh nghiep 0,00 0,53 Nh|n thu'c ve s\f ho trp cong vifc tir ngudi quan ly 0,00 0,39 Nh?n thurc ve sir ho trp tam ly tir nguai quan ly 0,00 0,508 Bang cho thay, gin kit xiic cam ciia ngudi lao dpng cd mdi luong quan thu?n vdi tat ci cac bien nhan thirc ciia ngudi lao ddng vi sy ho ttp tir doanh nghifp Tuy viy, kit c^ui phan lich hdi quy bdi vi sy tic dpng ciia to hpp bien thi "Nhin thiic ve sy hd trp cdng viec tir ngudi quan ly" khdng lham gia vio md hinh giii thich sy biin thien gin kit xiic cam cua ngudi lao dpng Ba biin cdn lai giii diich dupe 36,2% sy biin thien gin kit xuc cim ciia n^udi lao dpng, ttong dd, miic dp anh hudng din gin kit xuc cim dupe sip xep theo thur ly lit m^h nhit din yiu nhit nhu sau: manh nhit Ii "Nh$n thirc ve chinh sich bio hiim, phde lpi ciia doanh nghifp", tiip theo li "Nh$n thire ve sy ho ttp lim ly tir ngudi quan ly", ki din la "Nhan thirc vi thu nhap" vi cudi ciing li "Nhin thirc vi sy hd trp cdng viec tir ngudi quan ly" Miic dp inh hudng m^nh nhit nhan diiic ciia ngudi lao dpng vi chinh sich bao hiim, phue lpi mi doanh nghifp ip dung cho thiy, vifc ngudi lao ddng nhan thiy chinh sich bio hiem vi phue lpi cua doanh nghifp ip dung li dip img vdi nhu ciu, mong mudn ciia hp dii hp s6 yen tim lim viec hon, lam vifc tr^ng thii tinh than thoai mii hon vi gin kit xiic cam manh hon Rat nhiiu y kien mi chiing ldi nhan dupe phdng vin vi yiu Id anh hudng din cim xuc ciia hp 38 TAP CHl TAM Vf HOC, Sd' 11 (212), 11 - 2016 lam vifc tai doanh nghifp de cap den chinh sach bao hiem phiic Igi: dupe ddng bao hiem xi hdi, bio hiem y ti, su quan tam ciia doanh nghifp vao nhiing ngiy sinh rdiat hieu hi; doanh nghifp cac hoat dpng tap the nang cao ddi sdng tinh than ciia ngudi lao ddng ttong doanh nghifp cang khing dinh tam quan ttpng ciia yeu td niy den gin ket xiic cam cua ngudi lao ddng Mic dil mure dp inh hudng yeu hom nhimg sd lieu van khang djnh iihan thuc ve sy hd ttp tim ly tir phia ngudi quan ly cd anh hudng den gin ket xiic cam Ket qua niy hoin toin phii hpp vdi nhan djnh rang, sy in can, mdi quan hf dya tren Idng lin vdi ngudi quan ly rat quan trpng ddi vdi sy hii Idng ttong cdng vifc va sy gin ket vdi doanh nghifp Khi quan ly true tiep ling nghe, quan lam va tdn ttpng y kien cua nhin vien thi nhan vien cd xu hudng cam thiy thoai mai ttong cdng vifc (Bauer T.N., 2007) Ndi v e sy hd trp ciia ngudi quin Iy vdi nhin vien, chj M.H chia se: "Tdt bgn g! CM dy rdt thdn thien vd nhiit link Ludn the hiin su tdn trgng ddi v&i nhdn viin tu nhdn viin thu viic den nhdn vien da gan bd lau ndm Chi dy rdt gioi nhimg khdng bao gid dpc dodn md luon tdn trgng, lang nghe y kiin cua ngu&i khde Minh rdt tdn trgng ehi dy vd chinh diiu ndy cUng tag cho minh cdm gide thodi mdi ldm viie tgi ddyV Sd lifu ve miic dp inh hudng yeu nhit cua nhan thirc ve thu nhap den gin kel xiic cam cua ngudi lao ddng hoic nhan thiic v e sy ho ttp cdng viec tir ngudi quan ly li tuong ddng vdi quan diem ciia Hezberg ring, thu nhap sy quin ly chi Ii yeu td tri mi khdng cd tic dyng kich thich ngudi lao ddng lim vifc tich eye hom cd cim xiic tich eye hem Tim hieu siu hon ve mdi quan hf giiia gin kel xiic cim vi nhin thiic ve thu nhap chiing tdi dya vio quan difm ciia Mathieu va Zajac (1990) cho ring, tri lien cho ngudi lao ddng df hp d l^i ttong mdt doanh nghifp cd the din den sy gin ket xiic cim cao hon neu nd cd ich ddi vdi nhan thiic ve ning luc ca nhan Ket qua nghien curu cho thay mdi tuong quan cd y nghTa thdng ke giira gin ket xiic cim vi thu nhap ciia ngudi lao dpng neu ci nhin nhin thirc ring cdng v iec phii hpp vdi ning lyc cua ban thin (F = 2,27; p = 0.00) Difu cd nghTa ring, ci nhin nhin thuc dupe ring, thu nhap cua minh dim bio vi cdng vifc phii hpp vdi nang luc thi hp s€ cd cim giic thoii mii, hai Idng ttong cdng vifc va keo theo dd la su gin kit xiic cam vdi doanh nghifp Nhu viy, cd the thay ring can phin tich them cic bien tnmg gian giiia gin ket xuc cam vi thu nhap de khing djnh chic chin hon ve moi tuong quan giira hai bien niy Ket luan Gin ket xiic cim ciia ngudi lao dpng v di doanh nghifp chinh li ttang thii cam xiic ring budc ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh nghifp Vdi miic dp gin ket xiic cam manh, ngudi lao ddng thyc su cam thav hirng thii, tin tudng, sin sing TAPCHlTAMLyHOCSd II (212) 11-2016 39 ddng gdp site lyc vi tti mf vao sy phat trien ciia doanh nghiep Gan ket xiic cam cd tic dpng din dy djnh thay ddi noi lim vifc theo xu hudng nghjch chieu va hifu suit lim vifc theo xu hudng thuin chiiu Gin kit xuc cam cd mdi tuomg quan thuan vdi nhan diiirc ciia ngudi lao ddng v i sy ho ttp tir doanh nghifp, ttong dd cd tuong quan manh nhal vdi nhan diirc cua ngudi lao ddng v i chinh sach bao hiem, phiic Ipi ciia doanh nghifp va sy hd ttp tim ly tir ngudi quan ly Kit qui niy gpi y ring, d i ting cudng gin kit xuc cim ciia ngudi lao ddng, cic doanh nghifp cin chii trpng hom tdi vifc dim bio cae chinh sich bio hiim, doanh nghifp td chiic nhiiu hom cic hoat dpng vin hda, tinh diin cho ngudi lao ddng Ben canh do, viec xiy dyng mdi quan hf tdt dep giua ngudi quan ly v i nhan vien cung la diiu ma cac doanh nghifp can quan lam Doanh nghifp cin cd bifn phap giio due, dao tao d i ngudi quan ly cic cap hiiu ring, cim xuc cua ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghifp phu Ihupc rat nhieu vio diii dp ciia chinh hp Sy an cin, tdn trpng, ling nghe, thau hieu, cdng bing ciia ngudi quin ly li nhirng chi sd quan ttpng tao nen gin kel xiic cam ciia ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghifp Tai lieu tham khao Le Vin Hao, Larsen K.S., Hdnh vi td chirc Irong mpt Ihi gidi dang thay ddi, NXB D?ii hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi, 2012 Bauer T.N., Bodner T., Erdogan B., Truxillo D.M & Tucker J.S., Newcomer adjustment during organizational socialization: A meta-anglylic review of antecedents, outcomes and methods, Joumal of Applied Psychology, Vol 92, pp 707 - 721, 2007 Edgar F., Geare A., HRM practice and employee altitudes: Different measures different results Personnel Review, Vol 34, pp 534 - 549, 2005 Eisenberger R., Huntington R., Hutchison S., Sowa D., Perceived organizational support, Joumal of Applied Psychology, Vol 71, pp 500 - 507, 1986 HackeU R.D., Bycio P., Hausdorf P.A., Further assessments of Meyer and Allen's (1991) three - component model of organizational commitment, Joumal of Applied Psychology, Vol 79, pp 15 - 23, 1994 Kooij D., Jansen P., Dikkers J., Lange A., The influence of age on the associations between HR practices and both affective commitment and job satisfaction: A metagnglysis, Joumal of Organizational Behavior, Vol 31, pp 1.111 - 1.136, 2010 Mathieu J.E., Zajac D., A review and meta-analysis of Ihe antecedents, correlates and consequences of organizational commiimeni Psychological Bulletin, Vol 108, pp 171 - 194, 1990 Meyer J.P., Allen N.J., Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research and application Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997 40 TAP CHl TAM Ly HQCSd 11 (212), 11 -2016 Meyer J.P., Smith C.A., HRM practices and organizational commitment: Test of a mediation model Canadian Joumal of Administrative Sciences Vol 17, pp 319 - 331, 2001 10 Meyer J.P., Allen N.J., Gellatly I.R., Affective and continuance commitment to the organization: Evaluation of measures and analysis of concurrent and time - lagged correlations, Joumal of Applied Psychology, Vol 75, pp 710 - 720, 1990 11 Meyer J.P., Stanlev D.J., Herscoviteh L TopolnvTsky L., Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment lo the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates and Consequences Joumal of Vocational Behavior Vol 61, pp 20 - 52,2002 TAP CHl TAM Ly HOC Sd 11 (212) 11-2016 41 ... kel xuc cam vdi doanh nghiep duoc hieu nhu sy gin bd V i cim xiic ciia nguoi lao ddng v di doanh nghiep (Hackelt el al., 1994), trang thii ring budc cam xiic cua ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep... lao ddng, lip trung vio loai hinh doanh nghiep: 32 TAP CHl TAM Vf HOC, Sd 11 (212), 11 - 2016 doanh nghiep Nhi nude (20,0%), doanh nghiep tu nhan (14,3%), cdiig ty TNHH (10,7%) cdn^ ty lien doanh. .. cam thiy gin bd cam xiic vdi doanh nghiep Dya tren DTB va DLC ve gin ket xiie cim cua ngudi lao dpng vdi doanh nghiep, miic dp gin ket xuc t?im ciia ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghiep dupe chia miic:
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