Cái tôi gia đình của trẻ vị thành việt nam

CAI TOI GIA DINH CUA TRE V! THANH NIEN VIET NAM Nghien aJu di/pc thuc hi6n vdi sa tai trg kinh phf cDa Trung tSm H6 trg Nghifen cihi chiu A va Quy Giao duo Cao hoc Han Qu6c khudn khd 66 tdi: Xay di/ng va chuan hda thang tif ddnh gid danii cho tre vi nien Viet Nam tren cff sd thang fir ddnh gid cua 'Toulouse (echelle Toulousaine d'Estime de Soi), TS.Trinh Thj Linh ldm chu nhiem TS Trinh Thi Linh HVCH Ngd Mai Trang Khoa Tdm ly hpc, Trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc XJ hdi vd Nhdn vdn, Dgi hpc Qudc gia Hd Ndi I T M TAT Kit qud nghien cuu tren 766 Ire vj thdnh nien tren dia bdn Hd Npi vd Hue dd khdng dinh su tdn tgi cdi tdi gia dinh d nhdm khdeh thi ndy Theo dd, da phdn tre v/ thdnh nien cd muc dp tu ddnh gid cao trin binh difn gia dinh Muc dp tv ddnh gid ndy khdng cd su khde bift eo y nghia thdng ke theo gidi tinh, hpc luc vd dp tudi cua cdc em, song lgi cd su khde bift cd y nghia thdng ki theo khdi ldp md cdc em dang Iheo hpc cdng nhu tinh/thdnh phd md cdc em dang sinh sdng Cu the, cdi toi gia dinh cua Ire tdng ddn iheo lap hpc Tre vi thdnh nien tren dfa bdn thdnh phd Hue cho biel, hp cd cdi loi gia dinh lich cue han so vdi tre dong trang Ida tren dja bdn Hd Npi Nghien ciiu cung chi rdng, trgng thdi cdm xuc tgi thdi diim tiin hdnh hodn thifn phiiu hdi cd mdi luang quan thugn vdi muc dp tu ddnh gid ciia hpc sinh Cudi ciing, nghien cuu khdng djnh tinh khoa hpc cua thang cdi tdi gia dinh thdng qua vifC kiem trg dp hieu luc dong quy vdi thang lir ddnh gid cua Rosenberg Tir kh6a: Cdi tdi; Cdi tdi gia dinh; Tre vj nien Ngdy nhgn bdi: 19/9/2016; Ngdy duyft ddng bdi: 25/10/2016 Dit van de Trong nhOmg nim gin diy, trd vi nien cd hinh vi nguy co/vi ph?m phip luat di ttd thinh mpt ttong nhihig vin de nhan dupe sy quan lam, lo ling cua loin x i hpi Nhieu ngudi dil cau hdi ve trich nhi^m cho nhirng ngudi lam cdng tic giio dye trude thyc ttang niy Song ciing khdng it ngudi cho ring cin phai nhin tih|in vin dd niy tir chinh mdi trudng sdng hing ngiy cua 66 TAP CHf TAM Ly HQC, Sd 11 (212), 11 - 2016 cac em, die bidt la moi trudng gia dinh Cd thd ndi, cac moi quan he tich eye uong gia dinh thidt lap ndn mdt ydu id bao vd cho trd vi thinh nidn ttudc cic van Ae \ e hanh \ i nguy co Mdi trudng gia dinh linh manh ciing li nguon goc cua cac ngudn lyc tam ly xa hdi cua tre vi nidn, giiip cho tte dd dang thich ling dupe vdi dp mdi ' ^ i loan" niy Nhidu tic gia di quan sat tfiay ring, cic mdi quan he gia dinh tich eye g ^ phin vao vide lam ling cac gia trj lich cue ciia ci nhan, nghia li ty dinh gii tich cue (DuBois, Bull Sherman vi Roberts (1998); Harter (1990)), nhit li d binh didn gja dinh, xa hpi va hpc dudng (Fering vi Taska (1996)) Ben canh do, cac nghidn ciiu thyc tien cung chi ting, giao tidp cdi md ttong gia dinh ciing cd mdi lidn he thuan vdi ty dinh gii ciia trd vi thinh nidn (Estevez, Musim vi Herrero (2005b); Liia vi Musim (1993); NoUer va Callan (1991)) (din theo Jimenez vi cdng sy 2007) Tity nhien, tdng quan cic cdng trinh nghidn ciiu da dupe thuc hidn lihh vyc ty danh gii ban thin ciia nhdm doi lupng niy lai cho thiy ring, chi cd mpt vii cdng Uinh nghidn ciiu dien hinh de cap tdi khia canh cai ldi gia dinh aia ttd vj thinh nidn nhuttiangdo khii nidm cai tdi ciia Fills - 'Tennessee Self-Concept Scale" Pl%5), thang ty dinh gia eiia Coopersmith - "Self-esteem Inventory" (1967), bang md ti bin thin ciia Marsh - "Self Description (Questionnaire" (1984, 1990) hay lhang AF5 ciia Garcia vi Musim (1999) (dan theo Jimenez vi cpng sy, 2007) Vdi cic menh dd dit trpng tam vio bo me nhu: "bd me vd toi ed nhiiu thai gian vui ve cimg nhati', "bd me mong dgi cptd nhiiu a tdf "bo me thu&ng Uidng vui/khdng ddng tinh vai nhiing gi tdi ldm" , chiing tdi cho ring, cii tdi gia dinh ciia trd, cim nhin, cim xiic thyc ciia trd vdi tu each la mpt vidn ciia gia dinh chua diyc sy dupe bpc Id mpt cich rd net cic thang niy (Trinh Thj Linh, 2014) Trong dd, d mpt ndn vin hda coi trpng chii "hidu" nhu Viet Nam, dao ly "kinh trdn nhudng dudi" "chi ngi em ning" "mdi hd ring lanh" di chi phdi m^nh md sy nhin nhan danh gii ciia moi ngudi vd chinh bin thin bp, die bidt ttong mdi quan he vdi gia dinh E>o dd, sd li thidu sdt Idn neu tim hieu tu dinh gii ciia hp mi 1^ bd qua sy nhin nhan ciia chinh bin than hp trdn binh didn Vi vay, udn ca sd cac cdng trinh nghidn ciiu da ndu, chiing tdi xiy dyng thang cai tdi gia dinh vdi mong mudn tim hidu thyc trang ty dinh gii ciia trd vi thinh nidn Vi^ Nam hidn trdn binh didn Cong cy vi phuvng phip nghien cihi Thang cii toi gia dinh (Familial self) Thang cai ldi gia dinh dupe xay dyng vi chuan hoa khudn khd xay dung va thich iing tiiang ty dinh gii ciia Toulouse (Echelle Toulousaine d'Estime de soi) tai Vi^ Nam Thang dupe thidt kd gdm 12 menh dd theo thang Likert muc dp tir "hoan toan khdng ddng y" den "hoin loin ddng y" ttong dd: menh dd dupe TAP CHI TAM Ly HCJC Sd 11 (212) 11 - 2016 67 liy tir thang ty dinh gia cua Coopersmith (1967) ("Trong gia dinh tdi mpi ngudi khdng chu y ddn nhirng gi tdi ndi, toi nghF', "ttong gia dinh tdi mpi ngudi khdng chii y ddn tdi" "tdi thudng cam tiiiy minh la ngudi tiiira gia dinh"): menh dd dupe liy tirtiiangdo ciia Marsh (1984) va ciia Pitts (1965) ("gia dinh tdi ydutiiuongtdi") Cac menh dd cdn lai la nhdm tic gia xiy dyng dya ttdn y urdng tir cdng ttinh nghidn ciiu cua Ding Hoang Minh (2006) vi Trjnh Thj Linh (2010) Thang cho phep thu dupe mpt didm sd chung ve ty dinh gii tren binh di?n gia dinh vi didm sd thinh phin cho ty dinh gia tidu cue va tich eye ciia tre Didm sd cang cao cho thiy miic dp ly dinh gii cing cao cua hpc sinh (cic menh dd im tinh dupe ma ngupe ttong qui ttinh xir ly sd li^u dd tinh tdng didm cho toin lhang do) Nhu vay, thang cho phdp ghi nhan didm so cao nhit li 60 didm vi tiiip nhit Ii 12 didm Thang trgng thii cim xic (State affect) Trang thii cim xiic cung dupe chiing tdi ludng ttong nghidn cihi niy nhim tim hidu mdi lidn he giiia mire dO ty dinh gii ciia tre vi thinh nidn tten binh didn gia dinh vi trang thai cam xiic ciia cic em Nghidn cihi di sii dung thang trang thai cam xiic ciia Watson, Clack vi Tellegen (1988) Thang bao gom 20 trang thai cam xuc (10 tich eye va 10 tidu eye), dupe thidt kd theo thang Likert miic dp tir "ril it" hoic "hoin loan khdng cd" ddn "rit nhidu" Thang cho phdp thu dupe m^t diem so chung vd ttang thii cim xiic vi diem sd thinh phin cho ttang thii cim xiic im tinh vi duomg tinh Didm sd cang cao cho thiy trang thai cam xuc cing tich eye eda hpc sinh (cic ttang thii cim xiic am linh dupe ma ngupe trpng qui ttinh xir ly so li?u dd tinh long diem cho toin thang do) Thang ti/r danh gii cua Rosenberg Thang dupe sir dyng nhim myc dich kiem tra dp hidu lyc ciia thang cii tdi gia dinh mi nhdm nghien ciiu di xay dyng Thang bao gom 10 mdnh dd (5 menh de am tinh va menh dd duomg tinh) dupe thidt kd theo tiiang Likert miic dp tir "hoin toin khdng ddng y" ddn "hoin loin d6ng y" Didm sd cing cao cho thiy miic dp ty dinh gii cang cao Cung nhu cic thang d ttdn, tit ca cic mdnh dd im tinh thang tu dinh gii niy di dupe chung tdi mi ngupe qui trinh xur Iy sd li?u Qui trinh thu thip va xu ly sS lipu Chung tdi di tidn hinh thu th§p sd Ii?u trdn ddi ttrpng Ii trd vj thinh nidn hien dang theo hpc tai cic ttudng THCS va THPT trdn dja bin Hi Npi va Hud Tit ci cic khich ttie nghidn cim dupe lya chpn mdt cich ngau nhidn, khdng phin bi?t hpc lyc, ngudn gdc xuit than ^8 TAP CHITAM Ly HQC, Sd 11 (212), 11 - 2016 Khich thd nghidn cuu dupe ydu ciu tri ldi phidu hdi mdt cich tu nguy^ khdng cd bit ky ring bupc nao Mpi thic mac ttong qua trinh hoan thien phidu ddu dupe chiing tdi giii dip nhim dam bio tinh trung thuc, khach quan ciia til ca cac thdng tin thu dupe Dd dam bao tinh khoa hpc qui trinh thidt kd lhang cii tdi gia dinh, khio sal thii ttdn 278 ttd vj nidn hidn dang theo hpc tai cic trudng THPT tai Hud da dupe tidn hinh Kdt qua thu dupe cho thiy, lhang cd dp lin cay cao, hoan toin cd thd sir dyng dd khio sit ttdn didn rpng (a = 0,91 - he so tuong quan cua timg mdnh dd vdi nhin Id bidn thien tir 0,59 den 0,76) Trdn CO sd nay, nghidn ciiu da tidn hinh khio sit trdn 800 khich thd, dai didn cho cac khdi Idp tir ldp tdi Idp 12 tai Hi Npi vi Hud Qui trinh Ipc phidu cho phdp chiing tdi ghi nhan 766 phidu hop Id C ^ phidu khdng hpp le (nhidu mdnh dd khdng dupe tri ldi hoic tti ldi gin nhu ciing mdt dap in cho tat ca cic mdnh dd, cic thdng tin ci nhin khdng dupe hoin thidn) da dupe loai bd ttong qua trinh nhap sd lieu Thdng tin cy thd vd nhdm khich thd nghidn ciiu dupe ttinh biy ttong bing Bing 1: Dgc diim mdu khdeh thi nghien eiiu Tieu chi Giori tinh Khoi I6p H ^ lire Thiknh So lirgmg Ty l¥ % Nam 364 47,5 NO 402 52,5 Lap 179 23,4 Lop 10 180 23,5 Lap 11 188 24,5 Lop 12 219 28.6 Xuit sic 27 3,5 Gioi 352 46,0 Kha 335 43,7 Trung binh 48 6,3 Yeu' 0,5 Ha Npi 407 53,1 Hue 359 46,9 'Do sd lupng qua it nen nhirng hgc sinh cd hpc luc yeu dupe logi khdi cdc phep xd ly so lifu cd lien quan de ddm bdo tinh khoa hgc ve mdt thdng ke TAP CHl TAM Ly HQC, Sd 11 (212), 11 - 2016 69 Sy tiiam gia cua khich tiid nghien cuu la khuydt danh Tit ca cic tiidng tin ca nhan thu dupe ddu dupe bio mat Phan tich sd liiu Sd lieu thu thip dupe xu ly bing phuong phap thdng kd toin hpc tiidng qua chuong ttinh SPSS dung ttong mdi dudng Window phien ban 16.0 KJ thuit thdng kd dupe sii dyng li phan tich dp lin cay bing phuong phap tinh he sd Alpha cua Cronbach nhim xic dinh dp tin cay cua cic thang dupe sii dyng ttong phidu didu tta Kdt qui tinh dp tin cay ciia timg thang dupe the hidn cy thd nhu sau : Thang cii tdi gia dinh: a = 0,89 Thang tu dinh gii cua Rosenberg: a = 0,63 Cin cii vio didm ttung binh thyc td thu dupe cua lieu thang cii ldi gia dinh, chiing tdi thu dupe cic miirc dp tu danh gii ciia hpc sinh ttong ITnh vyc niy, cy the nhu sau: Bing 2: Quy ude mirc dp chg diem trung binh eua thang edi tdi gia dinh Thang cai toi gia dinh Mirc xep hang diem trung binh Miic thap Mure trung binh Mijc cao 5I Ket qui nghien cihi Trude hdt, bii bio ttinh bay thyc ttang ly dinh gii trdn binh di?n gia dinh ciia ttd vj thinh nidn Viet Nam ndi chung cung nhu ciia tre vi thinh nien t^i timg tinh/thinh phd thupe didn khao sit ciia dd tii ndi rieng Phin viel ve mdi lidn h? giiia cii tdi gia dinh cua nhdm khich the niy vdi gidi tinh, kdt qui h^K; l4p vi khdi Idp ciing nhu ttang thii cim xuc mi cic em dang cd lai thdi diem hoin tiii^n phidu hdi dupe ttinh biy phin kd tidp Cudi cung, bii bio kdt thiic bing vide khing djnh dp hi?u lyc ciia thang mdi lidn h? vditiiangdo ty dinh gii cua Rosenberg r/i(it trgng cii toi gia dinh cua tre v/ thdnh niin Vipt Nam Nhin vio bidu dd 1, chung ta dd ding nhin ring, ttd vj thinh nidn thupe nhdm khich ttid nghidn curu cua dd tai ed xu hudng dinh gii cao vd cii tdi gia dinh ciia bin ttiin Theo dd, cic em khing djnh rin^ gia dinh "ydu thuong" cic em (DTB - 4,60); cic em "ty hio dupe la ciia bd m?" (DTB = 4,60) vi "hii 70 TAP CHITAM Ly HQC S6 11 (212), 11 - 2016 ldng dupe li tiiinh vidn ciia gia dinh muih" (DTB = 4,40) Cac mdnh dd cd npi dung am linh hiu nhu khdng nhin dupe su dong thuan tir phia cac em vdi cac phuong in lya chpn chu ydu tap tnmg d miirc dp "hoan toin khong ddng y" hoic "phin nao khdng ddng y" DTB thu dupe tir cic mdnh dd niy dao ddng tir 1,60 ddn 1,80 Sd lieu d bidu dd cho phep chiing ta cd cai nhin ldng quan hon vd mirc dp ty dinh gii cii tdi gia dinh cua nhdm khich the nghidn cuu niy " Tdi thudng dm thiy minh li ngiriri thira trang gia dinh "' " ' h8 i 141 B6 mc tSi tan trpng lAi |3 Gia dinh tdi tv h ^ v^ tdi i \ T6i tin U gia dinh t6i U t6t hon n^u khdng c6 tdi |1 Trong gia dinh tdi, mpi ngirdi khdng nghi d ^ tdi !l6 Trong gia dinh tdi, mpi ngirdi khdng chu y d£n nhfhig gl ldi nghi tdi ndi Tdi trdc gii nhir tdi ludn dupe sAng cimg b6 mc |2 , h3 - Me Gia dinh tdi ydu thuong tdi i |46, Tdi tu hio dupe li cua b6 mc tdi h8 Gia dinh thudng nghi ring tdi ching li gl ci h Tdi ude gii nhu minh dupe sinh trang mdt gia dinh khic v^ Tdi hii Idng dupe li thinh viin cua gia dinh 1 1 11 0.5 I I.S 2.5 3.5 m 14 4.5 DTB Ghi chU: DTB cdng cao Ihi miic dp Urddnh gid cdng cao Bieu dS 1: Tu ddnh gid cdi tdi gia dinh eda tre vi thdnh niin qua timg npi dung cua thang Dd ding nh^n thiy ring, nhin chung, da phin trd vi nidn Vift Nam ty dinh gii cao cii tdi gia dhih vdi ty I? la 61,1% tdng sd khich thd nghidn ciiu Ty I? ttd vj thinh nidn cd mire dp tu danh gii tiiip chi chidm 17,5% Ket qui niy TAP CHl TAM Ly HQC, S6 11 (212), 11 - 2016 71 mdt lin niia minh chiing cho nhihig gi chiing tdi da trinh biy tiong bieu I Tiieo dd da phin tte vi ttianh nidn ddy cim tiiay dupe ydu tiiuong, dupe tdn ttpng vi hii Idng, dupe li mdt tiianh vidn ciia gia dinh Trong liia ttidi vj tiianh nidn, die bidt li a dp mdi ddn trudng d cudi cip va cip dang cd nhihig ttiay ddi ldn ve mat tim sinh ly, vide cic em tu dinh gia tich cue vd khia canh gia dinh cho tiiiy sy tin tudng ciia cic em vao sy ddng hanh cua gia dinh, die bidt li sy dong hinh ciia bd me ttong quang tiidi gian diy "sdng gid" niy cua cic em MOrc thip Mure Irung binh Mi^c cao a Tir dinh gii chung • Tv dinh gii cua tri VTN Hi NOi D T^ dinh gii cua tri VTN Hu^ Bieu 2: Miic dp lye ddnh gid edi ldi gia dinh cita tre vi thdnh nien Vipt Nam (% Sd li$u thu dupe cung cho phdp ghi nhan sy khic bi?l vd ty dinh gii ttdn binh didn gia dinh giiia trd vj nien trdn dja bin thinh phd Hud vi Hi Npi (Ty the, trd vj thinh nidn trdn dja ban thinh phd Hud nhin nhan tich eye hon vd vj tti cung nhu cim nhin ciia ho gia dinh (DTB Ii 51,97 so vdi 49,95) Bing 3: Cdi tdi gia dinh ciia tre vj Ihdnh nien Vipt Nam theo tinh/thdnh phd Cii toi gia dinh ciia Ire vj thinh nien Vift Nam 72 s6 Tinh/thinh lirgng Hue H^Ngi DTB DLC 359 51,97 9,03 407 49,95 9,29 t df P 3,062 756 0,02 TAP CHl TAM Ly HOC, S6 11 (212), 11 - 2016 Trong pham vi ciia nghidn ciiu nay, chiing tdi chua cd ciu giii tiiich thda dang cho sy khic bidt Song, phai chang kdt qua da phan anh dupe phan nio thue trang phit tridn kinh td - xa hpi cua hai thinh phd thudc pham vi nghien ciiu ciia dd tii? Theo dd, ben canh nhiing Ipi tiid cd dupe vdi vj tti li tiiu trung tam kinh Id, chinh tri, xa hdi va vin hda cua ca nude, ngudi din Hi Ndi ciing ddng thdi phii chiu khdng it ip lyc ttong cdng cupc muu sinh dd cd the sinh tdn Vi vay, dudng nhu, quy thdi gian hp dinh cho gia dinh ciing ttd nen eo hep hom Tham chi, cd nhQng bac phu huynh vi mai lo "com, ao, gao, tidn" tni phd thic hoin loin em hp cho nhi trudng, xi hdi Trong dd, vdi die didm la cd cd kinh, ngudi dan Hue van giir dupe nhirng dac trung ciia gia dinh Viet Nam truyen thdng, coi ttpng le tidt ttong sinh boat hing Vi thd mi ttd vi thinh nien tten dja bin phd Hud cd cim nhin rd ring hon, tich eye hon vd vj tri cua hp ttong gia dinh so vdi ttd vj thinh nidn tren dia bin Hi Ndi? Cii toi gia dinh mdi liin hp v&i gi&i tinh, hgc luc vi khoi l&p hgc cua hgc sinh ^ ^ ^ - Co/ tdi gia dinh cua hgc sinh theo gi&i tinh ^ ^ Ban vd mdi quan he giiia giditinhvi tu danh gii ciia ttd vj nidn, hien nay, nhidu cdng trinh nghidn ciiu ttdn thd gidi khing dmh ring, ty danh gii cua nhdm ddi tupng niy phy ihupc mdt phin vio gidi linh Tuy nhien, day van li vin dd cdn nhidu tranh cii Mdt sd tic gii cho ring, tre trai cd xu hudng ty dinh gii cao hon ttd gii (Alsaker vi Olwens, 1993; Bolognini va cpng sy, 1996; Cantin vi Boivin, 2002; ), mdt sd tic gii khic lai khing dinh didu ngupe lai (Connell, Spencer va Aber, 1994; Ma vi Leung, 1991; ) Tham chi, qua vide khio sit cic cdng trinh nghidn cihi vd ty dinh gii dupe tidn hinh tir nhihig nim 1977 ttd vd ttudc, Wylie (1979) di kdt luan ring, gidi tinh khdng inh hudng ddn ty dinh gii cua trd Song ttong nhihig nim gin diy, vdi each tidp can da chidu canh (multidimensional) vd ty dinh gii, nhdm tic gii Oubrayrie vi cdng sy (1994) ciing nhu nhidu tic gii khic (Harter, 1998; Marsh, 2006; ) khing djnh ring, vide inh hudng hay khdng inh hudng ciia gidi tinh ddn ty dinh gii ciia tte cdn phu thupe vio v i ^ chiing la xem xdt nd ttdn binh didn nio Cd thd d binh didn niy, nam cd mirc dp ty dinh gii cao hom nii (vi dy nhu cim xiic, ngoai hinh) nhung d binh didn khic thi nO: lai cd thd cd mirc dp ty dinh gii cao hon nam (ttdn binh didn ngdn ngit ching ban) Viy, trdn binh didn gia dinh mi dd tii dang tidn hinh nghien cihi, li?u nam vi nii vj nidn Viet Nam dupe hdi cd the hidn sy khic bi?l hay khdng? Ket qui kiem dinh T-test khdng cho phep ghi nhan sy khae bi?l cd y nghTa thdng kd giiia nam vi nii tten bmh didn ty dinh gia cai tdi gia dinh cua cic em (t (764) = 1,001; p > 0,05) Ndi mpt cich khic, dudng nhu, vide ttd vj thinh nidn tu nhin tiiay minh dupe ydu thuong, trin ttpng ttong gia dinh hay khdng TAPCHlTAMLyHQCSd II (212), II-2016 73 khdng phii ydu td gidi tinh cua cic em quy dinh Kdt qua nghien ciiu niy dit gia djnh ring, phiT ching ttotig cac gia dinh Viet Nam hidn nay, tirtirdng ttpng nam khinh nii da vi dang din din mai mpt? Hoac gia nhu neu nd van cdn tdn tai ttii dudng nhu vdi sy trudng tiiinh ciia ttd tiieo thdi gian, cac bac phu huynh ndi ridng cac tiiinh \idn ttong gia dinh ndi chung da din chip nhin sy hidn di?n ciia trd dii la ttai hay gii ttong gia dinh Cd le, vi thd, ma ttong cupc sdng tiiuong ngiy, cic em khdng nhin tiiiy cd su khae bidt vd sy quan tim, chim sdc ma cic thinh vidn titing gia dinh danh cho cic em - Cdi tdi gia dinh eua hgc sinh theo kit qud hgc tap Sd lieu d bing cho phep ghi nhin ring phan ldn ttd vj nien cd hpc lyc gidi vi xuit sic ddu cd miic dp ty dinh gii cao' vd cii tdi gia dinh, nhidn, khdng khing djnh mdi lien he cd y nghia tiidng kd giiia binh didn ty dinh gii niy vi kdt qui hpc tap ciia cic em (F (3) = 0,565; p > 0,05) Bing 4: Cdi tdi gia dinh theo kit qud hgc tap cua tre vi thdnh niin Ket qua hpc tap Muc dp t^ dinh gii Tong Xuat sac Gidi Khi Trung binh Thap 54 62 132 Tmng binh 76 75 11 163 Cao 18 222 198 29 467 27 352 335 48 762 Tong M$c dil didu niy khdng ddng nghTa vdi vi?c phu nhan vai ttd cua gia dinh ttong vi?c hpc ciia trd d dp ttidi vj thinh nidn, song chiing tdi cho ring day van cdn li mpt kdt luin md, ddi hdi ttidn khai nghidn ciiru ttdn mdt miu khich tiie ldn hon dd cdtiidcd dupe nhiing kdt luin xic ding nhit Bdi Id, tiieo quan diem ciia cic nhi tim ly hpc phit ttien tiii mic dii d dp tudi niy, ttd vj thinh nidn hudng sy quan tam chinh vio nhdm ban cimg ttang lira nhung gia dinh van ludn chidm giii m§t vj tti quan ttpng, djnh hudng cho trd qui ttinh hpc lap vi phit tridn - Cdi tdi gia dmh cua hgc sinh theo dp tudi vd khdi l&p hgc Kdt qui phin tich phuong sai Anova khdng cho phdp ghi nb^n sy khic bi?t cd y nghTa tiiong kd vd cii tdi gia dinh ciia ttd vj tiiinh nidn thupe nhdm 74 TAP CHl TAMLy HQCSd 11 (212), 11-2016 khach thd nghidn ciiu ciia dd tii vdi dp mdi ciia cac em (F (5) = 2,091; p > 0,05) Cd le khoang chdnh lech mdi khdng du ldn giira cic nhdm tudi chinh Ii nguydn nhin dan ddn sy khdng khic bidt niy VO IcJioi l9c Xem xet cii tdi gia dinh ciia ttd vj thinh nien theo khdi Idp mi cic em dang theo hpc, ket qui phin tich phuomg sai Anova da cho phdp ghi nhin cd sy khic biel cd y nghTa thdng kd vd miic dp ty dinh gii trdn binh didn gia dinh ciia hpc sinh theo timg khdi ldp (F(3) = 3,409; p < 0,05) Cic em hpc sinh khdi cho bidt, hp ty dinh gii ttdn binh didn gia dinh thap hon ci so vdi cic khdi Idp cdn lai Mirc dp ly dinh gii cao nhat d khia canh niy dupe ghi nhin d cic em hpc sinh khdi 12 Cd le didu niy la cd the ly giii dupe dya ttdn tinh hinh thyc td ciia ndn giio dye nude nhi Theo dd, cic em hpc sinh khdi 12 li nhdm dang diing trude sy lya chpn cd tinh chit quydt djnh cho cupc ddi ciia cic em sau Muc lieu dau lidn ma cic em hudng ddn la tim bing tdt nghidp THPT vi sau dd la lya chpn nghd nghidp cho tuomg lai thdng qua nganh hpc, trudng hpc mi cic em sd lya chpn Mpt sy lua chpn khdng phii hpp sd liy di cua cic em mdt co hdi de phit trien vi khing djnh bin than Vi v$y, diimg Irudc sy lya chpn niy, thudng cic em khdng don ddc mi ludn cd gia dinh ddng hanh bdn canh Cd Id vi thd ma ty dinh gii vd cii ldi gia dinh ciia cic em cao hon hin so vdi cac em hpc sinh thudc cic khdi'ldp cdn lai - Cdi tdi gia dinh vd trgng thdi cdm xuc cua hgc sinh Vdi luan didm cho ring, ty dinh gii ciia hpc sinh cd thd bj chi phdi bdi ydu Id cim xiic ciia cac em lai thdi diem hidn tai, vide xic djnh mdi tuong quan giiia hai bidn sd niy ddi vdi nhdm khich the Ihupc pham vi dd tai nghidn curu cho thay ty dinh gii ttdn binh didn gia dinh ciia cic em cd mdi luong quan thuan vdi lim te^g cim xiic Ndi mdt cich khic, lai tiidi didm tta Icri phidu hdi, ndu TAP CHl TAMLy HQCSd 11 (212), 11 -2016 75 cic em cd tam ttang cam xuc tich eye till se cd xu hudng dua cac cau tiiJ tfieo chidu hudng tich eye cho binh didn cai tdi gia dinh vi ngupe lai DiduP phin inh bin chit lu danh gii cua ttd a lira mdi vj tiianh nidn Ty dinh gii j nhdm ddi hipng niy cdn chua tiiyc sy dn dinh, van chiu sy chi phdi khdng I ciia tim trang cam xiic cua cic em Bing 5: Tirang quan giiia edi tdi gia dinh vd trgng thdi cdm xuc cim hgc sinh Pearson Correlation Cii toi gia dinh Trang thai cam xuc Cii toi gia dinh Trang thii cam xuc 0,316" 0,000 Sig (2-taile(l) N 762 759 Pearson Correlation 0,316" Sig (2-talled) 0,000 N 759 759 • *Tmmg quan cd y nghig a muc 0,01 (2 dudi) Tirong quan giSra thang cii tdi gia dinh va thang ttf danh gii cua Rosenberg Bing 6: Tuang quan giOa thang cdi toi gia dinh vd thang ttf ddnh gid cua Rosenberg Thang cii tdi gia Thang ty dinh gii dinh ciia Rosenberg Thang cii toi gia dinh Pearson Correlation Sig (2-Uiled) 0,422" 0,000 N Thang tir dinh gii Pearson Conelation cua Rosenberg Sig (2-tailed) N 762 761 0,422" 0,000 761 761 **Tuang quan cd y nghXa a mde 0.01 (2 dudi) 76 TAP CHl TAM Ly HQC, Sd 11 (212), 11 - 2016 Tidn hanh tim hidu mdi tuong quan giira thang cai tdi gia duih \ a tiiang tu dinh gii ciia Rosenberg nhim kiem tta dp hidu lyc ddng quy ciia thang dupe sir dyng, kdt qui cho thiy vdi he sd tuong quan Pearson r = 0,42 Nhu vay, vi?c sir dung lhang cai tdi gia dinh trdn nhdm khach tiid nghien ciiu cua dd tai Ii hoan toin kha thi v i dim bio tinh khoa hpc Mac dii khdng phai Ii mdt thang tdng quit nhu thang ty danh gii cua Rosenberg, song he sd tuong quan thuin van cho phep khing djnh ring, thang da phin inh dupe xu hudng ty danh gii ciia trd vj nidn ttdn binh didn gia dinh ciia chinh cac em Ket luan Dupe tridn khai ttdn nhdm khich thd tuong ddi ldn (766 trd vi thinh nidn), kdt qui thu dupe da khing djnh sy tdn tai ciia cai tdi gia dinh ttdn nhdm khach thd la ttd vj thinh nidn Viet Nam Vide tridn khai nghidn ciiu ttdn hai dia ban li H i Ndi v i Hud ciing cho phdp khing djnh vd tt'tih dai dien ciia khach the nghidn ciiu Tuy nhidn, can y thurc dupe ring, dd thang cii tdi gia dinh cd thd dupe su dyng rdng rai ttdn nhdm khich thd li trd vj thinh nidn Viet Nam thi vide tidn hinh nghidn ciiu trdn mdt mau khach the vdi sd lupng ldn hom nvta, mang chat dai didn hon niia cho cic viing midn li didu cin thidt Tii lieu tham khao Dang Hoang Minh, Orientation de soi chez les adolescents vietnamiens souffrant d'une maladie chronique: La dynamique entre I'estime de soi et la representation de sa propre maladie, Luin an tien sT Tam ly hoc, Trudng Dai hoc Toulouse Jean Jaures, 2006 Marsh H.W., Selfdescrption questionnaire IU: The construct validity of multidimensional self-concept ratings by late adolescents, Joumal of Educational measurement Vol 21,n°2,pp 153-174, 1984 Marsh H.W., Richards G.E., Tennessee SelfConcept Scale: Reliability, internal structure and construct validity, Joumal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 55 (4), pp 612-624, 1988 Jimdnez T.I., Lehalle H., Murgui S., Musitu G., "Le role de la communication familiale et de I'estime de soi dans la delinquance adolescente" Revue intemationale de psychologic sociale, (Tome 20), pp - 26, 2/2007 http'Jlwww.caimirifo/revue-inlemationale-de-psychologie-sociale-2007-2-page-5.html, Tmy cip ngiy 25/12/2015 Oubrayrie N., De Leonardis M va Safont C , Un outilpour revaluation de I'estime de soi chez I 'adolescent: I 'ETES, Revue Europeenne de Psychologic appliqude, 4*™ Uimestte, Vol n'4, pp 309 - 317, 1994 TAPCHITAMLyHC)C,S6 11 (212), 11-2016 77 Ryden M.B An adult version of the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory: Tesl-relesl reliability and social desirability,Psycho\ogical Reports, 42, pp 1.189-1.190, 1978 Trinh Thi Linh Pratiques educative pareniales, estime de soi et mobilisation seolaire de I 'adolescent vietnamien La dynamique de la representation de I 'accompagnement seolaire parental, Luan an tien sT Tam ly hpc, Trudng Dai hpe Toulouse Jean Jaures, 2010 Trinh Thi Linh, Tu ddnh gid bdn thdn - edi tdi gia dinh - Nhin tir gdc dp Tdm ly hpcxd hpi Tap chi Tam ly hpe, tt 65 - 75, Sd 10/2014 10 Wylie R.C., The self-concept Voi 2: Theory and research on selected topics, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979 ^^ TAPCHl TAMLy HQC, Sdi 1(212), 11-2016 ... cim nhin ciia ho gia dinh (DTB Ii 51,97 so vdi 49,95) Bing 3: Cdi tdi gia dinh ciia tre vj Ihdnh nien Vipt Nam theo tinh/thdnh phd Cii toi gia dinh ciia Ire vj thinh nien Vift Nam 72 s6 Tinh/thinh... tdi gia dinh cua nhdm khich the nghidn cuu niy " Tdi thudng dm thiy minh li ngiriri thira trang gia dinh "' " ' h8 i 141 B6 mc tSi tan trpng lAi |3 Gia dinh tdi tv h ^ v^ tdi i T6i tin U gia. .. ttong gia dinh hay khdng TAPCHlTAMLyHQCSd II (212), II-2016 73 khdng phii ydu td gidi tinh cua cic em quy dinh Kdt qua nghien ciiu niy dit gia djnh ring, phiT ching ttotig cac gia dinh Viet Nam