THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
TAG DONG GUA MOI TRUONG GIA DINH DEN TINH TRANG ROI LOAN LO AU VA TRAM CAM CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG Bai viet la mot phan ket qua nghien cilu cua de tai cap bo 2017 - 2018: Tuang quan giU'a moi trirdng gia dinh, trwdng hoc va sire khoe tinh than cua hoc sinh tning hoc thong-, Vien Tam ly hpc chfl tri; PGS.TS B6 Ngpc Khanh lam chD nhiem PGS.TS Le Thi Thanh Huong TOM TAT Muc dich ciia nghien dm la tim hieu tdc dpng dia mdi trudng gia dinh den tinh trang rdi logn lo du, trdm cdm cua hpc sinh trung hpc phd thdng Bdng hdi gom cdc thang cd dp tin cdy dao dpng tit 0,66 den 0,90 vd mpt so cdu hdi ve thdng tin ngudi trd lai Ket qud khdo sdt tren 758 hpc sinh trung hoc thdng tai Hd Npi, Hog Binh, Thanh Hoa cho thdy, moi trudng gia dinh, cu the, nhiing khia cgnh nhu bao luc gig dinh, tdm Irgng dm tinh ciia bo, ddc biet Id tdm trang dm tinh ciia me vd su hieu giiia cdc thdnh vien gia dinh Id nhiing yeu to cd khd ndng du bdo a mite cd y nghia thdng ke ddi vdi tinh trang roi logn lo du vd trdm cdm cita hpc sinh trung hpc phd thdng Viee gldm thieu nhiing yeu to lieu cue, tdng cudng su hieu gida bo, me, cd the gldm thieu cdc bieu Men khong mong mudn a cdc lita tuoi hpc sinh THPT Tu khoa; Moi trudng gia dinh: Hpc sinh THPT: Roi logn lo du cua hpc sinh THPT: Trdm cdm cua hpc sinh THPT Ngdy nhdn bdi: 22/4/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/5/2019 Dat vSn de Da CO nhilu nghien cuu cho thay, moi truong gia ditih voi nhiing khia canh khac co tae dong nhat djnh den sue khoe tinh than ciia eon it eae lira tuoi khac Chjng ban, mot s6 nghien cuu da tim thay, co moi lien he giOa bao lire cam xuc va bao luc thi cbfe d5i vtji tre va cac bieu hien tram cam, su bic gian, sir phan ly, roi loan stress sau chan thucmg (PTSD), su lo au, moi quan tam ve tinh due va hanh vi xam kich a tre (Sebre S., Sprugevica I., Novotni A., Bonevski D., Pakalniskiene V., Pcpescu D., Turchina T., Friedrich W., Lewis O., TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, So (243), - 2004; Cohen T.A., Mannarino A.P.; Murray L.K.; Igelman R., 2006; Damant, Dominique, Lapierre, Simon; Lebosse, Catherine; Thibault, Sylvie; Lessard, Genevieve; Hamelin-Brabant, Louise; Lavergne, Chantal; Fortin, Andree, 2010 )• Viec tre phai chung kien nhtrng hanh vi bao luc giiia nguoi Ion g'^ dinh cung co tae dpng din hanh phuc tam ly (psychological well-being), ^V phat trien cam xiic, hanh vi, nhan thiic va phat trien xa hoi cila tre hg^" han ciing nhu dai ban, tao nhung vSn di o tre NhQng van de ve hanh vi, cam xiic va xa hoi nhu: hanh vi xam kich, ch6ng doi, cam xuc so hai, lo au, r6i loan stress sau sang chan, hanh vi thu dong va lanh dam, buon chan,^quan be xa hoi ngheo nan, tinh tu tin va tu danh gia ban than thip Nhirng van de nhan thiic va thai nhu: chiic nang nhan thiic thap, thuc hien khong tot cac nhiem vu trucmg, lop, thieu ky nang giai quyet viin de, co niem tin vao khuoii mau gioi mpt each ciing nhac Nhtrng van de Iau dai nhu: miic dp cao ve trim cam Ion hon, co cac trieu chiing tin thuang, tu danh gia ban than thap va su chiu dung tang eao eae cupc bap luc giUa nhu-ng nguoi Ion, roi lc?n stress sau chin thuang, Iam dung rupai va chat gay nghien (Dodd, Lynda Warren, 2009; Cummings E.M., Jannord R.J & Zahn-Waxier C , 1985; LyonsRuth K., 1996 ) Cung da CO mot so tae giii nghien ciiu tren tre em Viet Nam ve tae dong cua moi truong gia dinh den siic khoe tinh than noi chung, tinh trang benh tam ly noi rieng Tuy nhien, nhung nghien eiiu ve van de chua nhieu Lion nua, nhung nghien ciiu cua minh, mSi tae gia chi quan tam den mpt vai khia canh nao eua moi trucmg gia dinh Ching han, nghien ciiu tren 141 tre dang sing trotig hoan canh gia dinh c6 bao lijc, Nguyin Ba Dat (2014) nhan thiy, 51,7% si em co dau hieu, trieu chiing lam sang cua rii loan stress sau sang chin Nghien cilu teen 172 nam o trucmg giao duong va 172'nam o cong ding Ilia tuii tit 13 den 16, Tran Thanh Nam (2015) nhan thiy, phong each lam cha me de dai, nuong chieu du bao so nhom rii loan hanh vi, cam xiic a hpc sinh (gom: roi Ic)?n lo au, tram cam, thu minh trim cam, than phiin ca thi, van de xa hpi «>" ^^ f ^ ^ y ™n de cha y, hanh vi xam kich va hanh vi pha luat); phpng each dpc doan du bao nh5m roi loan Trpng nghien cilu ciia minh, chung tai ciuan tam din khia canh thi hien moi truang gia dinh, bao gom: Gan ket bo - me ™ = ™'^ ^f\T giOa cac vien gia dinh; Bao luc gia dinh; Ky vons cirt!^ ''^ " -r-^" trang am tinh ciia bo, me Trpng so nay, c6 khia canh Jugc x "^l- ™ ban Khia canh bap luc gia dinh dupe phan nho hon xuit phat t^^ I t "^' vi cac dii tuang quan he bao luc, gom: Bao luc giua be, ' " ^ ""^^ eua b i dii voi con; Bap luc eiia me dpi voi can Khia canh ky VOT'A ^^^ hiiu theo goe dp la ky vpng cua bo va ky vpng ciia me Khia canL'™ •"n tam trang TAPCHiTAM Ly HOC, Si (24vrr~~ am tinh ciing tim hiiu theo goe dp tuong tu, gom tam trang am tinh cua me; tam trang am tinh ctia bo Vi vay, co tat ca yeu to the hien moi trucmg gia dinh ctia hoc sinh thupc mau nghien eiiu Viec tim hieu ciing luc nhieu yeu the hien mpi truong gia dinh chp phep khpng chi du bao dupe miic dp tae dpng eua tirng yiu to den sire khoe tinh than noi chung, tinh trang benh ciia hpc sinh noi rieng, ma quan trpng ban, nguoi nghien eitu co the phat hien sir tuong tae giua eae yeu to va tim duae nhu:ng mo hinh du bao sat ban vol thuc tien cupc song, bdi thuc tien cupc song, sHc khoe tinh than cua moi ca nhan luon chiu tae dpng cila nhieu yeu to khac Nhung phan tich trpng bai nham tra loi mot so cau hoi sau: Co moi quan he co y nghia thong ke giQa cac yen to thupc moi truong gia dinh duae nghien ciiu va tinh trang roi loan lo au, tram cam ciia eon liia tuoi hpe sinh trung hpe php thong (THPT) a nude ta hien hay khong? Neu CO thi cac moi quan he nhu the nao? Kha nang du bap eiia eae yeu thupc moi trucmg gia dinh doi vol tinh trang roi loan lo au, tram cam cila nhu the nap? Mau va phu'ong phap nghien cuu 2.1 Mau vd dia ban nghien ciiu Miu khap sat gpm 758 hpc sinh trung hpc thong (lap 10, lop II va 16p 12) tai tinh: Hoa Binh (24,9%), Thanh Hoa (34,8%), Ha Npi (40,3%) Trong mau nghien ciru co 43,3% hpc sinh nam va 56,7% hpc sinh nu 2.2 Phuang phdp va cdng cu nghien ciru Phuang phap chinh dupe sil dung de thu thap du lieu thuc tien la khap sat bang bang hoi Cong cu nghien ciru - bang hpi gom nhQng cau hoi nham thu thap du lieu lien quan din noi dung chinh, gim: 1) Nhung thong tin nhan khiu ciia hpc sinh; 2) Nhitng thdng tin vi mpi trudng gia dinh; 3) Nhung thdng tin ve Siic khae tinh thin ciia hpe sinh, bap gim ca tinh trang rdi ban lo au, tinh trang tram cam Cac cau hdi nhim thu thap thdng tin vi dae diem nhan khau cila hpe sinh gim nhung thdng tin vi dja ban sinh sing, gidi tinh, hpe lire, xep Ipai dap diic trpng hpc ky vera qua, cp ban than hay khdng Cac thdng tin vi mdi trudng gia dinh cila hpc sinh dupe thu thap nhd thang duoc thiit ki bdi nhdm nghien ciiu dua tren ca sd tham khao mpt sd bang ke eila cac tae gia di trudc (ching ban, thang Mdi trudng gia dinh cua TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, s i (243), - 2019 Moos R.H & Moos B.S., 1994; Bang khai cua tre em vi hanh vi ciia bd me eua Schaefer E.S., 1965; ) Cac thang cd dp tin cay Alpha ciia Cronbach hieu chinh dao ddng tir 0,67 din 0,90 Thang ve tinh trang roi loan lo au (vi du cac nhan xet: Trong thang qua "Em lo lang dieu gi khdng ro rang, khd tap trung va de ndi cau voi^ai do"; "Khi lo lang, em cam thiy: bin chin, dung ngdi khdng yen, dau cang iau, run ray, khdng cd kha nang thu gian" vdi cac phuang an tra loi tit khong co diim din hiu bit hoac tit ca thdi gian - diim), tinh trang trim cam (vi du: Trong tuan qua "Em cam thay nan chi, tram budn hay tuyet vpng"; "Em cam thay it mudn tham gia cac boat ddng vui choi - giai tri hoac it cd cam giac thich thii tham gia cac boat ddng nay" vol cac phuong an tra Idi tir khdng nao - diim din gan nhu mpi - diem), dupe xay dung tren co so cac tieu chuan chan dpan bieu hien rpi Ipan lo au, tram cam ciia hpc sinh THPT thep DSM-V cd dp tin cay iin luat la: 0,75 va 0,88 Dya tren cac ticu chuan chan doan, eae mire roi loan lo au duoc phan nhu sau: - diim: Khdng lo au; - diim: Lo au nhe; 10-14 diem: Lo au vita; 15-21 diem: Lo au nang Cdn cac mile rdi loan tram cam dupe phan nhu sau: - diem: Khdng tram cam; - diem: Cd nguy co tram cam; 10 - 14 diem: Trim cam nhe; 15-19 diem: Tram cam vtra; 20 - 27 diem: Tram cam nang 2.3 Cdc phep phdn tich dUlieu De phan tich mdi quan he giQa mdi trudng gia dinh va rdi loan lo au, trim cam d hpc sinh, cac phep phan tich sau day da dupe sir dung: Phan tich dp tin cay, phan tich yeu td, phan tich tucmg quan va bdi quy dan bien, hoi quy da biin Trong xir ly dQ lieu, y nghTa eila cac diem trung binh (DTB) dupe quy ude nhu sau: DTB cang cao tbi ndi dung dupe cang the hien ro Khao sat thuc tien dupe tien hanh vao thang - nam 2017 Ket qua nghien cii'u va ban luan 3.1 Tdc dpng cua moi trudng gia dinh din tinh trang rii loan lo du ciia hpc sinh trung hpc thong Trong ting sd 728 hpe sinh cung cip thdng tin thi cd 309 em (chiim 42,4%i) khdng cd rdi loan lo au, 419 em (chiim 57,6%) cd rii loan lo au cac muc khac (trong dd, miic nhe: 309 em, chiim 42,4%; miic vira: 99 e„ chiem 13,6% va mirc nang: II em, chiim 1,5%) Ket qua phan tich dir lie' nham so sanh biiu hien cac yeu to thudc mdi trudng gia dinh cua 728 hoc si h phan theo nhdm tinh trang rdi loan lp au ehp thay, nhin chung, mdi truon gia dinh cila nhdm hpc sinh ed rdi Ipan lp au it thuan Ipi ban so vdi nh' TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd (243), 6-2019 khdng ed rdi loan lo au: su gan ket bd - me - yeu ban, cac vien gia dinh it hieu nhau, it chia se vdi han, bap lire gia dinh (giQa bd, me hoac ciia bd hoac me ddi vdi con) xay nhieu hem, ddng thdi ky vpng theo hudng tao ap lire cho ctia bd, me cung cang cao hpn va di liin thep dd la tam trang am tinh ciia bd, me nang ne hem (tir p < 0,001 din p < 0,05) Trpng 8/9 yeu td thupc mdi trudng gia dinh dugc nghien ciru da cd thi quan sat thay, cd su khac biet giQa nhdm hpc sinh khdng cd rdi loan lo au va nhdm cd rdi Ipan lp au d mirc nhe Sir khac biet giua nhdm cd rdi Ipan lp au d muc nhe va nhdm cd rii loan lo au vua hpac nang cung thi bien d 7/9 yeu td (tu p < 0,001 din p < 0,05) Nhtmg giQa nhdm cd rdi loan lo au d mirc vira va nang chi cd khac biet d yiu td gdm bao luc giQa bd va me va tam trang am tinh cua me (p < 0,05) Nhu vay, cd thi thay, giua mdi trudng gia dinh va tinh trang rdi loan lo au ed moi quan he nhat djnh (he sd tuang quan dao dpng tu 0,1 den 0,45 tiiy theo tung yiu td thudc mdi trudng gia dinh; p < 0,01) Sir khac biet the hien ro nhat so sanh giua nhdm hpc sinh khdng cd rdi loan lo au va nhdm ed rdi Ipan lp au va sy khac biet giam dan sp sanh giQa cac nhdm hpc sinh cd mite dp rdi loan lo au khac Bdng 1: Khdc biet ve mpt so khiu cgnh moi truang gig dinh giUa cdc nhom hoc sinh phdn theo mite dp roi logn lo du Khac biet ve mot so khia canh moi trirong gia dinh (DTB) P Khac biet ve mot so khia canh moi trirorng gia dinh (DTB) Gdn ket bo- me- con: F - 6,54: p < 0,001 P Bao luc ciia me ddi vdi con: F= 17,85; p< 0.001 Nhom (3,14) > Nhom (3,05) 0,040 Nhom (0,67) < Nhom (0,96) < 0,001 Nhom (3,14) > Nhom (2,92) 0,001 Nh6ml(0,67) Nhom (2,58) 0,002 Nhom (0,67) < Nhom (1,20) 0,014 Nhom (3,05) > Nhom (2,58) 0,010 Nh6m2(0,96)Nh6iTi2(2,81) 0,014 Nhom (0,66) < Nhom (0,86) < 0,001 Nhom (2,93) > Nhom (2,54) < 0,001 Nhom (0,66) Nhdm (2,22) < 0,001 Nhom (0,66) Nhom (2,54) < 0,001 Nh6m2(0,86) Nhom (2,22) 0,002 Nhom (0,86) < Nhom (1,34) 0,022 TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, s i (243), 6-2019 Ky vong cua me doi vdi con: F = 10,22: P < 0,001 Bao lite bo - meF- lS.75;p< 0.001 j Nhom (2,09) < Nhom (2,20) 0,024 Nhom (0,55) < Nhdm (0,70) _0;M1_ Nhom (2,09) < Nhom (2,46) 0,000 Nhom (2,09) < Nhom (2,50) 0,030 Nhom (0,55) < Nhdm (0,96) _ Nhdm (2,65) < 0,001 Nhdm (2,99)>Nh_dm_spT|) < 0,001 Nhdm (3,02) > Nhom (2,84) 0,028 Nhdm 2(2.74)>Nhnm^i_p^5^) 0,030 Nhdm (3,02) > Nhdm (2,65) 0,001 -t!l™lliai)iNhdra2P^ Nhom (2,92) > Nhdm (2,65) i "-"'^ Bao luc cua me dot vdi con: F =12,50; p < 0,001 P''°alaa^Nlidm5021) < 0,001 '^oo'f': ciia b6d6i vdi con: F B^JKOOl Nhdm (0,72) < Nhom (0,94) Nhdm (0,72)
Ngày đăng: 26/10/2022, 14:29
Xem thêm: