NGHIEN CQU DjNH HUONG GIA TRj B A N G THANG D O PVQ-R CUA SCHWARTZ PGS.TS Truong Thi Khanh Ha Trudng Bai hgc Khoa hgc Xd hpi vd Nhdn vdn, Bai hgc Qudc gia Hd Ngi I TOM TAT Bdi viit trinh bdy kit qud khdo sdt 1.513 ngudi tir 17 din 40 tudi, sir dung Bdng khdo sdt gid tri diiu chinh (Profile Value Questionnaire - Revised, viit tdt Id PVQ-R) cua Schwartz Kit qud nghien cuu cho thdy, thang PVQ-R phien bdn tiing Viet cd dp tin cdy vd cdu trie khd tdt Khdeh thi mdu nghiin cdu dinh hudng mgnh me nhdt den cdc gid tri nhdn di binh ddng, cdng bdng, su an todn cd nhdn vd xd hpi su tu chu, thdnh dgt vd hudng thu So vdi kit qua nghien ciru ndm 2015, nhiing nguai tham gia nghiin ciru ndy dinh hudng tdi cdc gid tri tu chu, thdnh dgt, hucmg thu, kich thich ego han vd dinh hucmg tdi cdc gid tri truyin thong vd quyen luc thdp han mpt each cd y nghia Su khdc biit ndy thi hiin xu hudng bien doi dinh hudng gid tri ciia nhihig ngudi tre tudi bdi canh hpi nhdp khu vuc vd qudc ti Bdi viet ciing dua nhirng so sdnh de thdy mpt sd diim khdc biit dinh hudng gid tri giUa nam vd nii lis khoa: Binh hudng gid tri; Thang Gid tri PVQ-R Ngdy nhdn bdi; 14/1/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/3/2019 Thang Gia trj dieu chinh cita Schwartz Trong mpt bai bao trutjc day, ehiing toi da gioi thieu ly thuyet ve cac gia tti CO ban cua Schwartz (theory of basic human values) (xem them Truong Thi Khanh Ha, 2015) Cae nhom gia tri ma Schwartz dua khong moi, nhung duoc nhiSu nguai ghi nhan tac gia sap xep cac gia tri vao mot he th6ng, cac gia trj nam ke co moi quan he tuong tae, co the ho trcr Nhimg gia tri nam each xa hay doi lap thi eo moi quan he canh tranh lan Mpt ngucri khong the dinh huong dong thoi toi tat ca cac gia tri manh me nhu Vi du, neu ea nhan eo dinh huong gia tri truyen thong manh me, thi khong thj d6ng thoi djnh hucmg manh me toi gia tri cai mo di thay doi Chung toi da su dung phien ban PVQ-IV (Profile Value Questionnaire IV) gom 40 menh de (item) etia Schwartz mpt so nghien ciiu, ket qua buoc dau cho TAPCHiTAM Lf HOC, So (241), - 2019 thdy, thang co tin cay va cau tnie tot, eo the su dung tren khach the la nguoi Viet Nam (Truong Thi Khanh Ha, 2015) Gin day, dua tren cac ket qua nghien ciru thue tiln, Schwartz va cac d6ng nghiep nhan thdy rjng, co th6 chinh sua PVQ di khao sat chinh xac hon he gia trj da dang cila nguoi a mpi nin van boa Cac tac gia da tien hanh cae nghien cuu di b6 sung, dieu chinh va cuoi eung tao thang mdi, gP' '^ thang Gia tri diiu chinh, bo sung PVQ-R (Profile Value Questionnaire Revised), g6m 57 item, luang 19 gia tri (Schwartz va cac d6ng nghi?p, 2012) Phjn Ion cae gia tri dugc tach tu eae gia tri da duae dua truoc day Vi du: gia tri tu dinh hudng dugc tach tu dinh huang suy nght va tudinh hudng hdnh dpng; gia tri quyen luc - quyen luc chi phoi ngudi va quyen luc chi phdi tien bgc, vdt chdt; gia tri an todn - an todn eia ed nhdn va an todn eua ddt nude; gia tri tudn thu - tuan thi quy tde va tudn thu lien cd nhdn Co nhirng gia tri moi dupe dua vao, vi du, khiem nhuang va the dien la nhung gia tri dupe eong nhan la ton tai bien a nhieu quoc gia, dac biet ia a eac nen van hoa cpng dong (Schwartz va cac dong nghiep, 2012) Chung toi xin trinh bay ngan gpn ve eae gia tri thang tfo moi cua Schawrtz nhu sau: Tir dinh hudng (self-direction) - Gia tri huang den tinh dpe lap, khong hi chi phoi bai tae dpng ben ngoai, bao gom tu chii suy nghl va tu chii hanh dpng Kich thich (stimulation) - Gia tri huang den mpt eupc s6ng duac trai nghiem nhieu bat ngo, mot eupe song phong phii, duac lam nhiing diiu mai, thieh nhitng cupc phieu luu Huang thu (hedonism) - Gia tri huong din sir thoa man cac nhu ciu, su hai long va nhiing niem vui Thdnh^ dgt (achievement) Gia tri_huong din su cong, dat nhirhg mue tieu va theo duoi ehiing bang n6 luc ciia minh Quyen lue (power) - Gia tri hucmg toi kiim soat, chi ph6i nguoi khae kiim soat tien bae, ciia cai vat chit, tri va bao ve uy thi di tao nen anvL hi,„ ' Muyen nan cho ban than The dien (face) - Giii trj huong toi viee giii gin hinh anh ban than tront mat mpi nguoi xung quanh Diiu quan trpng dfii vdi ca nhan la (Jir„ •• khae ton trpng, khong bj lam nhuc, beu xau • '^ " " " ' An todn (security) - Gia tri hudng tdi su an toan, 6n dinh va trat tu -h~bao gom hai gia tri an toan ca nhan va an toan xa hpi ' • ''^"9> TAP CHI TAM l y HOC, So' (241), 2019 Sir tudn thu (conformity) - Gia tri hudng tdi viee tranh vi pham nhtmg quy dinh chinh thiic hoac khong chinh thirc ciia xa hpi, bao gdm sy tuan thu theo eac quy dinh ehung cua phap luat va sir tuan thii cac quy udc mdi quan he lien ea nhan nhu Ijeh sir, nha nhan, tdn trpng ngudi khae Truyen thong (tradition) - Gia tri hudng tdi viee tri nhiing truyen thdng van hda, truyen thdng tdn giao ciia nhdm, cdng ddng, dan tde Khiem nhuang (humility) - Gia tri hudng tdi su khiem tdn, khong doi hdi minh phai dupe ban ngudi khae, biet thoa man vdi nhitng gi minh dang ed Long nhdn dl (benevolence) - Gia tri hudng tdi phue Ipi eiia nhimg ngudi xung quanh va nhirng ngudi than thiet, bao gdm su dang tin va cd the nhd cay va sir quan tam giup dd ngudi khae Tinh qudt (universalism) - Gia tri hudng tdi mong mudn binh dang, cdng bang xa hdi, bao ve mdi trudng thien nhien, khoan dung, rpng luang, biet lang nghe Hinh 1: 19 gid tri theo ly thuyit bo sung cua Schwartz 19 gia tri ed quan he tham nhap lin nhau, mdi gia trj tuang quan thuan vdi gia trj liin ke va tuong quan nghjeh vdi gia tri ddi dien vdng trdn (hinh 1) Co sd ly luan etia viec sip xip cac gia trj theo thit tir la: vdi eiing TAP CHITAM Lf HOC, Sd4 (241), 4-2019 mdt hanh ddng, ngudi cd thi dl dang theo dudi eac gia trj lien ke wng vdng trdn, khdng thi ddng thdi theo duo cac gia tri nam doi vdng trdn (Schwartz, 1992) Cac tac gia da sip xip 19 gia trj nhdm: t^ "ang cao 0|e^enhancement) ddi dien vdi tir sieu viet (self-transcendence: ^™g 7' ^ ^ f dig„ cdng bing, nhan ai, bao ve thien nhien) va bao toan (conservat^m) vdi edi md di thay ddi (openness to change)^ r«- nang cao b.o gom eac g quyin luc, thdnh dgt va hudng thu tu sieu viet bao g o " cac g Vng nhdn di va gid tri phd qiidi Bdo todn bao gom eae g.a tr, /™J^^« f ^^^ ding mue va an todn, cai md de thay dot bao gom cac gia tr thieh va tu dinh hudng Trong nghien ciiu nay, chung tdi se sii dimg thang Gia tri dieu ehinh PVO-R nhim (1) tim hiiu kha nang sir dung thang phien ban tieng Viet, (2) tim hiiu su thay ddi djnh hudng gia tri eua cae khach the Viet Natn so vcri met nghien ciiu tuong tu ma chiing tdi dii tien hanh nam 2015 vai thang PVQ-IV (Truong Thj Khanh Ha, 2015) Cong cu nghien ciru Thang Gia trj PVQ-R ed 57 item, md ta ngin gpn mue tieu, khat vpng hay mong mudn eiia ngudi, thong qua dd, ngam am chi tam quan trpng eiia mpt 19 gia tri co ban Mdi gia tri dupe danh gia bdi item Ngudi^tra Idi bang hdi duge yeu ciu danh gia xem hp gidiig hay khdng gidng vdi moi chan dung dupe md ta bdi eac item tdi mirc nao LTng vdi moi item ed phuong an lira chpn: = Khdng gidng tdi chiit nao, = Khdng gidng tdi, = It gidng toi, = Kha gidng tdi, = Gidng tdi va = Rit gidng tdi Ngudi tham gia khao sat danh diu X vao d trdng ben phai tuang ung phuong an phii hop iihit vdi minh Khi ngudi tra loi la nam thi nhirng dai til bang hdi la "Anh iy", ngudi tra loi la nit thi nhitng dai tir bang khao sat dupe thay bang "Cd ay" Bang khao sat da dugc tac gia chuyen ngii, tuan thii cac quy dinh dich nguac va dupe tac gia Schwartz hieu dinh Trong bang hdi cdn cd cac ciiu hdi nham thu thap thdng tin ca nhan cua ngudi tra Idi nhu gidi tinh, tudi, nghe nghiep (nganh hpe) Bdng 1: So thir tu cdc item ludng tirng gid tri bdng khdo sdt PVQ-R Tir chil fuy nghi: item 1, 23.39 Truyen thong: item 8, 33, 40 Tir chil hanh dgng: item 16, 30, 56 Su tudn Ihii quy lac: item 15,31 42 Kich thich- item 10, 28, 43 Huang liiu: item 3, 36, 46 Su tudn thu lien cd nhdn: item 22 51 \ Khiem nhirdng: item 7, 38, 54 TAP CHl TAM LY HOC, Sd (241), _ 2019 Thanh dgt: item 17, 32, 48 £)d«^ tin cay: item 19, 27, 55 Quyen luc chi phoi nguai: item 6, 29, 41 Quan tdm, chdm soc: item 11, 25, 47 Quyen luc chi phoi nguon luc: item 12, 20, 44 Binh ddng, cong bdng: item 5, 37, 52 Thi dien: item 9, 24,49 Bdo ve moi tnr&ng: item 8, 21, 45 y4n ZOOM cd nhdn: item 13, 26, 53 Pho qudt - khoan dung, item 14, 34, 57 An toan xa hgi: item 2, 35, 50 Ghi chii: Trong bdng la 19 gid tri vd so thir tu cdc item luang limg gid tri hdng khdo sdt Moi gid tri dugc hdng item Khach the nghien ciiu Khach thi nghien cilu la sinh vien ehinh quy, sinh vien tai chirc cua Trudng IDai hpc Khoa bpc Xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpe Tu nhien, Dai hpe Cdng nghe (thudc Dai hpc Qude gia Ha Npi), Dai hpe Bach khoa Ha Npi, Dai hpc Xay dirng, Dai hpe Kinh te, Hpe vien Canh sat nhan dan va nhiing ngudi dang di lam cac cdng viec khae nhu ke toan, bae sT, ky su, giao vien, Sau xin phep cac giang vien, nhdm nghien eiru tien hanh khao sat sinh vien vao gid chai tren Idp hpe Doi vdi nhiing ngudi dang di lam, bang hdi dupe chuyen den hp thdng qua eac mdi quan he ban be cua cae euu sinh vidn Cae bang hdi deu khuyit danh, ngudi tham gia tra loi dugc thdng tin ve mue tieu nghidn eiiu va ed the tit choi neu khdng mudn tham gia khao sat Sd luang bang hdi phat la 1.700 phieu, thu lai dupe 1.551 phieu Sau loai bd nhiing phieu khdng hop le, ehiing tdi thu dupe dii lieu eua 1.513 ngudi tir 17 den 40 tudi, tudi trung binh DTB = 21,5; DLC = 3,8, dd ed 774 nam va 739 nil Ket qua nghien ctiu Sir dung phep phan tich he thdng da phiiu (MDS - multidiraentional sealing) dua tren ly thuyit etia Bilsky va dong nghiep (2011), chiing tdi thu duac ket qua nhu sau: Tren hinh hiin thi vj tri cua eae item phan tieh he thdng da ehiiu Kit qua eho thiy 19 gid tri tdn tai kha rieng biet va cac item phan Idn thugc vi dung gia tri ma ehung dupe thiit ki So vol thu ttr cac gia trj tren hinh 1, eac gia tri tren hinh eung duac phan djnh va xip theo thii: tu tuang tu nhu md hinh ly thuyit ciia Schwartz va cac ddng nghiep (2012) dua Ben canh dd, cQng cd mot sd diim khae biet, vi du: gia trj nhan va gia trj phd quat ddi thir tu eho nhau; gia tri quyin kiem soat eon ngudi va quyin kiim soat ngudn lire eung ddi ehd cho Mdt item thudc gia tri khoan dung lai nim sang phin ciia gia trj quan tam, cham sdc Mot item thudc gia tri tuan thu lai nam TAP CHi TAM ly HOC, Sd (241), - 2019 sang phin cua gia tri truyin thdng Tuy nhien, cac gia tri eo sV hoan ^ la nhLg gia tri liin ki, rit gin gui theo ly thuyet ™a Sehw'irtz^N , Chung, edihi ndi ring, ciu tnie 19 gia trj theo Iy thuyet cua Schwartz dug nhan tuong ddi tdt tren nhdm khach the Viet Nam pod2 Ghi chii Ten viit lai ciia cdc gia tri- sdt = tu chu suy nghi; sda = tu chu hdnh dong, sl = kich thich, he = huang thu; ac = Ihanh dgt; por = quyen kiem soat nguon luc; pod = quyen kiem soat ngudi; fac = the dien; Sep = an loan cd nhdn; ses = an todn xd hoi; Ir = truyen thong; cor = luan ihil quy lac, coi = ludn thu lien cd nhdn, hu = khiem nhudng; unn = bao ve moi trudng thien nhien, unc = binh ddng, cong bdng: iinl = khoan dung: bee = quan ldm, cham soc; bed = dugc lin cay IFinh 2: Kit qud phdn tich he thong da chieu (theo Bilsky vd ede dong nghiep, 2011) Tiep theo, chiing tdi tinh dp tin cay etia thang va cac tiiu thang Ket qua cho thay, he sd tin cay Alpha cua Cronbaeh eiia loan thang la 91 He sd tuong quan ciia mdi item vdi toan bp thang (corrected item-total correlation) d miic chip nhan dugc, biin thien tit 0,26 din 0,51 Do tin cly rf TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, So (241), , 2Q cac tieu thang cua timg gia tri dao ddng khoang tit 0,514 din 0,806 Cac tiiu thang cd dp tin eay nhd ban 0,6 la cac tiiu thang do cae gia tri: tu dinh hudng suy nght (a = 0,514), su khiem nhudng (a = 0,522), nhan ai, dang tin cay (a = 0,534) Diiu ggi y cae nha nghien eiiu nen xem xet lai cac menh de ludng eac gia trj de ed nhiing diiu chinh ein thiit Trong nghien eiiu nay, ehiing tdi chua thirc bien dupe viee diiu chinh dd Danh gia ehurig, mac du dp tin eay ciia mdt vai tiiu thang cdn chua eao, phin Idn cac tiiu thang cdn lai cd dp tin eay kha tdt, cd thi sit dung thang cae nghien eiiu tiep theo tren cae khach thi Viet Nam Sau xem xet cau true va dp tin eSy cua thang do, ehiing tdi tinh diim trung binh eua tirng gii tri va xep theo thir tu uu tien tit eao xudng thip, kit qua thu dugc nhu sau: Bdng 2: Diem trung binh cua cdc gid tri xep tii- cao xuong thdp (N = 1.513) Cac gia tri DTB DLC Chenh lech so vol trung binh thang Nhan ai, quan tam 4,87 0,76 0,69 An toan ca nhan 4,64 0,83 0,46 Binh dang, cong bang 4,63 0,91 0,45 An toan x3 hoi 4,54 1,02 0,36 Hirt5mgthL 4,53 0,85 0,35 Tir chij hanh dong 4,50 0,82 0,32 Nhan ai, dang tin cay 4,43 0,82 0,25 Thanh dat 4,43 0,85 0,25 TIT chii suy nght 4,33 0,76 0,15 10 The dien 4,32 0,91 0,14 11 Tuan thu lien ca nhan 4,18 0,98 0,0 12 Bao ve thien nhien 3,99 1,00 -0,19 13 Khoan dung 3,98 0,88 -0,20 14 Khiem nhuang 3,93 0,84 -0,25 15 Kich thich 3,91 0,92 -0,27 16 Truyen thong 3,81 0,95 -0,37 17 Tuan thu quy tac 3,69 1,04 -0,47 TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd (241), - 2019 1,08 I, Kiem soat nguon lire -0,48 19 Kiem soat ngircii Trung binh tfaang Nhin vao bang 2, chung ta thfiy cac gia trj dugc hudng tdi manh me nhat la Nhan - quan tam; An toan ca nhan; Binh dang, edng bang; An toan xa hpi, Hudng thii; Tu chii hanh dpng; Nhan - dang tin cay; Thanh dat; if cnu suy nghT; The dien So sanh vdi kit qua nghien ciru nam 2015, sii dung thang PVQ-IV gdm 40 item (Trugng Thi Khanh Ha, 2015), kit qua nghien cilu cho thiy cd nhirng thay ddi thir tu uu tien djnh hudng gia tri Bdng 2: Biim trung binh cdc gid tri nghien cuu ndm 2015 (N = 1.565) Thir tu uu tien cac gia tri DTB DLC Chenh lech so voi trung binh thang An toan 4,48 0,54 0,49 Truyen thong 4,27 0,56 0,28 Diing mue 4,26 0,63 0,27 Nhan 4,25 0,53 0,26 Gia tri toan cau 4,21 0,49 0,22 Tu djnh hucmg 3,98 0,49 -0,01 Thanh dat 3,72 0,63 -0,27 Huang thu 3,52 0,81 -0,47 Quyen luc 3,29 0,81 -0,70 10 Kich thich 3,26 0,79 -0,73 3,99 0.62 Trung binh thang Diem gidng giiia kit qua nghien ciiu nam 2015 va 2018 la eiSc gia tn.nhdn di va an todn van la nhirng gia tri duge uu tien cao nhit Trong dd gia tri truyen thong vdn dugc xip thii hai nghien citu nam 2015 nav khdng cdn la gia tri dugc uu tien hang diu Ngugc lai, cac gia tri tir dinh hud ? va hudng thu vdn khdng phai la cac gia tri dugc uu tien hang diu n e b " ciiu nam 2015, da trd mgt nhOng gia tri manh me nhit T '™ TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd (241), ^Q nghien ciru nam 2015, gia trj kich thich diing d vj tri cuoi cimg Trong nghien eiiu nay, gia trj kieh thich dupe uu tien xep thu bac eao hon So sdnh theo giai tinh Khi so sanh diem trung binh djnh hudng gia tri giQa nam va nQ, chung tdi nhan thay, nhin ehung ea hai gidi diu ed nhung xu hudng gia trj tuang ddng, chi ed mdt sd gia trj cd su khae biet ed y nghTa thdng ke giQa hai gidi tinh (bang 3) Bdng 3: Diem trung binh mpt so gid tri cd su khdc giiia nam vd nU (N = 1.513) Cac gia tri Nam (n = 774) Nir(n = 739) P BTB DLC DTB DLC Huang thu 4,41 0,88 4,67 0,80 An toan ca nhan 4,59 0,89 4,69 0,78 0,023 An loan xa hoi 4,63 1,06 4,45 0,97 < 0,001 Su tuiin thu quy tac 3,78 1,04 3,59 1,03 < 0,001 Nhan ai, dang tin cay 4,37 0,87 4,48 0,78 0,011 < 0,001 Ket qua d bang eho thay nu ed djnh hudng hudng thu, an todn cd nhdn, nhdn di ddng tin cdy cao hon nam, nam ed djnh hudng an todn xd hpi su tudn thu quy tac eao ban nQ Ket qua eho thay nhung khae biet gidi tinh kha thu vj xa hpi bien Trong nghien eim niim 2015, khdng cd sir khae biet giua nam va nQ dinh hudng gia tri hudng thu Trong nghien ciru nay, phii nu cham lo cho ea nhan nhieu ban va ed xu hudng hudng thu cao ban so vdi nam gidi; phu nii xay dung eac mdi quan he dua tren tinh cam va sir tin eay nhiiu hem nam Kit qua rit dang duge luu tam nghien ctiu ilng xil xa hdi, chien luge kinh doanh, eQng nhu thj hieu eiia phu nQ Ket luan Kit qua nghien eiru eho thiy, thang gia tri PVQ-R (Profile Value Questionnaire - Revised) 57 item etia Schwartz cd ciu true 19 gia tri dugc xac nhan tuong ddi tdt tren nhdm khach thi Viet Nam Thang ed dp tin cay tdt, phin Idn cac tiiu thang ed dp tin eay Alpha cua Cronbaeh Idn hon 0,6 Cac gia trj dugc hudng tdi manh me nhit la Nhan ai; An toan ca nhan; An toan xa hdi; Binh ding, eong bing; thi hien mong mudn manh me eua nhiing TAP CHITAM LY HOC, Sd4 (241), - 2019 ngudi tre tudi ndi rieng, ngudi Viet Nam ndi chung vi nipt xa hdj binh danfe cLg bing, nhan ai, an loan Nhung gia tri Huang thu; Ttr ohu, Thanh da nhung gia tri dugc djnh hudng manh me tiep theo NQ gidi cd djnh hudng hudng thu, an toan ea nhan, nhan ^ao h^i nain gidi, nam gidi cd djnh hudng an loan xa hpi sir toan thu quy tac hem nil gioi So sanh vdi kit qua nghien cdu dinh hudng gia trj naiii 2015 ^ ^ ™™g tdi, kit qua nghien ciiu lin eho thay cd sir chuyen bien nhat dinh d.n hudng gia tri ciia khach thi Viet Nam Ben canh viec Hep tue de eao cac gia tr, an toan nhan ai, cac khach thi Viet Nam cd xu hudng de eao hon g.a tr tv mnn hudng chu ddng hanh ddng va suy nghl, de cao hon gia tri huang thu, gia tri kich thich, kham pha trai nghiem va ed xu hudng giam dmh huong tm eae gm tri tniyin thdng va gia tri quyin luc Su bien ddi eho thay, eon nguai Viet Nam xa hdi hien dai dang din trd nen tu chii, tit quyet dmh, huang thu va cd nhOng trai nghiem mdi manh me hon tnrdc Theo ly thuyet ciia Schwartz, eon ngudi khdng thi ciing luc hudng tdi hai nhdm gia tri ddi lap tren hinh trdn gia tri Vi vay, djnh hudng gia trj cua ngudi nghieng ve phia tu dinh hudng, tu quyit dinh manh me ban thi djnh hudng gia trj truyen thdng se giam xudng Kit qua nghien eiiu cung khang djnh xu hudng Tuy nhien, diim ban ehi cua nghien eiru la khach the iighien eitu la nhung ngudi tre tudi tu 17 din 40 tudi, dd, viec so sanh vdi kit qua nghien ciru trudc dd chi mang tinh tuong ddi, vi nghien ciru nam 2015 dupe tien hanh tren nhdm khach the Idn tudi hon, tu 36 den 65 tudi Tai lieu tham khao Bilsky W., Janik M & Schwartz S.H (2011) The structural organization of Human values: Evidence from three rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS) Joumal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 42, 759 - 776 Doi: 10.1177/0022022110362757 Schwartz S.H (1992) Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries In M Zanna (Ed.) Advances in experimental social psychology Vol 25 P - 65 New York NY: Academic Press Schwartz S H., Cieciuch J., Vecchione M., Davidov E., Fischer R., Beierlein C & Konty M (2012) Refining Ihe theory of basic individual values Joumal of Personalitv and Social Psychology 103 663 - 688 Doi: 10.1037/a0029393 Trucmg Thi Khanh Ha (2015) We gia tri cua ngudi truang Ihanh Viet Wom il, i • thuyel ciia Schrarlz Tap chi Khoa hgc Xa hoi va Nhan van Tap S6 Tr (] T-,/ TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, So' (241), , 20IQ ... eiru eho thiy, thang gia tri PVQ- R (Profile Value Questionnaire - Revised) 57 item etia Schwartz cd ciu true 19 gia tri dugc xac nhan tuong ddi tdt tren nhdm khach thi Viet Nam Thang ed dp tin... '^ thang Gia tri diiu chinh, bo sung PVQ- R (Profile Value Questionnaire Revised), g6m 57 item, luang 19 gia tri (Schwartz va cac d6ng nghi?p, 2012) Phjn Ion cae gia tri dugc tach tu eae gia tri... structural organization of Human values: Evidence from three rounds of the European Social Survey (ESS) Joumal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 42, 759 - 776 Doi: 10.1177/0022022110362757 Schwartz