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Khoa hoc Gido due D M H HUfGfNG GIA TRj N H A N CACH CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG DONG BANG SONG CUU LONG • ThS LAM THj SANG Sd Giao due Dao tao Bac Lieu 1 Quan niem ve nhan each va dinh hudng gia[.]
Khoa hoc Gido due D M H HUfGfNG GIA T R j N H A N CACH CUA HOC S I N H TRUNG HOC PHO THONG DONG B A N G SONG CUU LONG • ThS LAM THj SANG Sd Giao due Dao tao Bac Lieu Quan niem ve nhan each va dinh hudng nhan each va cd y nghia hudng dan hoat hudng gia tri nhan each dpng cua ngudi Nd mang dam net tinh xa - Nhan each la mot chu the td y thuc thuoc hpi chung cua cong ddng, net rieng cua tUng moi ngudi, the hien thong qua qua trinh td dan tpc, net dac thu cua nhdm xa hpi, nhdm Ida khang dinh cua moi ngddi O gdc tarn li hoc, tudi, gidi, nghe nghiep, dia phUdng khac nhan each the hien net ban sac, tinh doc lap, - Hpc sinh (HS) THPT thupc giai doan dau tinh tdchu cua nhan each vdi tdcach la mot chu tudi nien Dd la giai doan ma ngudi the Dau hieu dac trdng cua nhan each dddc the vUa chuyen tU tudi vi nien sang giai doan hien d cho td nhan thUc, td danh gia, td Ida chpn, cua nien Xet theo cap hpc giao due td quyet d|nh minh d trinh dp cao nhat Nhan phd thong thi HS THPT la HS hpc td Idp 10 den each khong chi la he thdng cac pha'm chat xa hpi Idp 12 Dac diem cd ban sd hinh va ma ma bao ham cac gia tri cua ca nhan phat trien nhan each cua Ida tudi la nhu cau td danh gia ban than mdi quan he vdi xa hpi danh gia Mot khai niem kha quen thupc tarn li ngudi khac d ca hien tai va tddng lai Trong hpc: nhan each la td hdp cac thupc tinh tarn li pham chat nhan each, HS THPT da the hien su cua ca nhan bieu hien ban sac va gia tri xa hoi thdng nhat gida nhan thdc, niem tin va tinh cam Su hinh the gidi quan, nhu cau manh me cua ca nhan dd Nhd vay ndi den nhan each la nhan ve tinh ban va sU sinh tinh yeu la net dac manh cac pha'm gia xa hpi cua ca nhan, the hien trUng cua lUa tudi Nhin chung, cac nha tarn mdi quan he xa hpi qua trinh hoat dpng va li hpc cho rang day la giai doan chuyen tiep quan giao tiep cua ca nhan dd, Nhan each chi ddpc cua qua trinh xa hpi hda Qua trinh hpi nhap va thdi ki cdng nghiep hinh ngddi y thdc dddc minh, y thdc dddc mdi quan he cua minh ddi vdi ngddi hoa, hien dai hda se lam sinh he gia tri mdi, cd kha nang dinh hudng cho sU phat trien cua khac va ddi vdi xa hpi - Dinh hudng gia tri (DHGT) nhan each la nhan each ngudi Cung vdi cac yeu to khac, khuynh hudng cua mot ngudi (chu the hoat DHGT la yeu to quan ddi vdi sd phat then ddng) ddi vdi mot he gia tri Cac gia tri trd nhan each cua ngudi ndi chung, cua HS dpng cd va ddng vai trd trung tarn chi phoi THPT ndi rieng Sd phu hpp gida thang gia tri cua ca nhan vdi thang gia tr| cua dpng ddng, xa hoat dpng cua chu the DHGT hinh thong qua sd chiem linh hpi se la cd sd quan de nhan each cua ca kinh nghiem xa hdi va the hien cac muc nhan dd phat trien dung vdi yeu cau cua xa hpi, dich tu tudng, quan diem, nhu cau cua nhan thdi dai Mot sddac diem chung ve DHGT nhan each Trong cau true hoat dpng cua ngudi, each cua HS THPT dong bang Song Cdu DHGT gan lien vdi cac dac diem nhan thdc va Long (OBSCL) gia tri cua nhan each He thdng DHGT tao La mot khu vdc rpng Idn, ddpc thien nhien npi dung xu hudng cua nhan each va la cd sd ben cua cac mdi quan he gida ca nhan vdi du dai nhieu mat nhdng OBSCL kern phat trien nhieu so vdi mat bang chung cua ca thdc tai Theo tac gia Pham Minh Hac , DHGT la mot nddc Cd y kien cho rang day la "vung trGng" nhung bien ddi rd net cua dac trUng xu ve giao due cua ca nddc Diem ndi bat cua khu 42 KHGD so 57, thdng - 2010 vdc la dat dai mau md, dan cu phan bo khong dong deu, tang kinh te yeu kern, lao dong chu yeu la thuan ndng va d|ch vu nhdng hau het chda dddc dao tao bai ban, day du Cung vdi HS THPT ca nddc, HS THPT OBSCL van gid dddc cac gia tri tich cdc cupc song cho du cd nhieu bien dpng xa hpi lam thay ddi, tham chi dao Ion mot so gia tri nhan each cua ngddi Viet Nam Chung tdi tien hanh dieu tra DHGT nhan each cua 1.160 HS THPT d OBSCL d mdi gia tri nhan each, chung tdi chia mdc dp quan 11 hang (td den 10) theo chieu tang dan cua mdc dp quan Chung tdi tap trung nghien cdu DHGT nhan each cua HS the hien quan he vdi ban than va quan he vdi ngddi khac 2.1 DHGT the hien quan he vdi ban than 2.1.1 Ket qua STT Cac gia tri Td Tir tin Td lap Hpc van Lddng tarn Hoai bao Ham hpc hdi Tinh ky luat Kien tri 10 Dung cam 11 Quyet doan 12 Cd ban ITnh 13 Lac quan 14 Nang dpng 15 Gian dj 16 Trong sach 17 " Chi lam giau 18 Dia vi xa hpi Thd Diem trung binh bac 9,09 ~ 8,58 8,64 8.74 8,88 8,58 8,50 6,51 " 17 8.12 13 7,79 15~ -14 8,0 8,13 12 8,43 10 • 9,16 5,26 18 6,61 16 8,83 8,18 11 Bang DHGT nhan each the hien quan he vdi ban than Ket qua nghien cdu the hien d bang cho thay, so nhdng gia tri the hien quan he vdi ngddi khac ma chung toi dda dddc da sd HS THPT DBSCL hien du tien Ida chpn dd la: xep thd nhat: Nang dpng: xep thd hai: Td trong: KHGD so 57, thang - 2010 xep thd ba: Lddng tarn; xep thd td: Co chi lam giau xep thd 5: Trinh dp hpc van va xep thd sau: Cd hoai bao Viec Ida chpn cua cac em HS THPT DBSCL theo xu hddng la dung dan Nhdng gia tri thupc ve ban than dddc cac em Ida chpn da so cac la cac gia tri can thiet, khong the thieu cho ngddi thdi dai hpi nhap hien Cac gia tri cung the hien viec xac dinh va phan dau cho cai toi li tddng cua ban than HS Nhd vay, DHGT nhan each the hien qua quan he vdi ban than, hinh anh cai "toi" li tddng cua da so HS THPT DBSCL dddc khao sat hddng tdi dd la trd mot ngddi nang dpng, day long td trong, song cd Iddng tarn, cd hpc van cao, cd chi lam giau, ham hpc hdi, luon td tin 2.1.2 So sanh theo khoi Idp va dia dtf Trong khuon khd bai vet nay, chung toi chi chon gia tri cd thd hang cao de so sanh, tim sd khac biet ve khoi Idp, dia dd DHGT nhan each the hien quan he vdi ban than cua HS THPT OBSCL a So sanh theo khoi Idp: xem bang Nang HS I op 10 rung binhddng 9.01 Mean) dp 11 (M oan 9,1/ op 1? Moan 9.31 Moan 9.16 Tu Luong Chi lam Hoc Hoai trpng tarn giau van 8b,3 ao3 8.99 8,8b 8, b/ 8,68 9.06 8b 90 8,/2 9,?8 9,09 8.96 9.0b 88 8.83 60 8,8.1 86 M b8 Bang Ket qua theo khoi Nhin chung sd khac biet ve khoi Idp la khong dang ke Cac em HS khoi 12 xac d|nh tarn quan cua cac gia tri tren deu cao hdn so vdi HS khoi 10, 11 Dieu chdng td nhan thdc, thai dp cua HS khoi 12 cd phat trien hdn va dinh hddng cho sd phan dau cua ban than cac em theo md hinh li tddng cung dung dan va phu hdp vdi yeu cau giao due hien b So sanh theo dia dU: xem bang Nang Tu Luong Chi lam HS Idp 10 lrung binh ddng 9,01 8.99 lam 8,8b giau 8,b/ ( M e a n ) I dp 11 Moan 9,17 9,06 8,8b 8.90 I dp 1? Moan 9.31 9,?8 8,96 0b long cong Moan 9,16 9.09 8,88 8,83 (Total) Bang Ket qua theo tinh Hoc Hoai v8a,6 n8 bao 8.33 8.72 8,60 8,8-1 8,86 8,74 8,b8 43 Khoa hoc Gido due • Ngh curu Ket qua tren cho thay hau het cac gia tri Diem ndi bat qua ket qua d bang la HS dupe cac em Ida chpn khong co sd khac biet Idn THPT OBSCL hddng vad cac gia tri thd hien gida cac tinh Co the sd chenh lech ve kinh quan he vdi ngddi khac la hddng vao tinh te mdc song va cac dieu kien phuc vu cupc ban va tinh yeu Dieu cung hoan toan phu song nen cac em HS d Bac Lieu xac dinh mdc hdp vdi cac dac diem tinh cam cua Ida tudi dp quan cua gia tri "co chi lam giau" kha Cac em cd nhu cau va y thdc xay ddng tinh ban cao Nhdng de dat dddc gia tri thi vai trd ben vdng, than va mudn the hien minh vdi mot "hpc van" cua cac em lai thay it quan hon tinh yeu dau ddi sang Ngoai cac em so vdi cac gia tri khac Dieu hoan toan hdp the hien trach nhiem va thai dp nghiem tuc li chi co tren 26 % nien dp tudi cua ngddi trddng qua viec xac dinh "song lao dpng cua Bac Lieu ddpc qua dao tao nghe va lam viec theo phap luat" nhd mot gia tri khong va thdi quen nep nghi cua ngddi Bac Lieu the thieu dddc cua mot cdng dan xa hpi kha phd bien la viec hpc tap chda phai la gia hien tri cao nhat ma ngddi can phai vddn tdi Cac gia tri "binh ding", "le phep", "ton Gida cupc song bon be vdi cac quan he kinh ngddi" chiem thd hang khong cao (thd 10, te, cac toan tinh ca nhan, nhdng Iddng tarn van 11, 12) Dieu cd the anh hddng den hanh vi, chiem mot vai trd quan trong cupc song each hanh xd tham chi la dao ddc cua cac em cua ngddi Em N L M A, HS Idp 12 trddng Td ket qua nay, nha trddng can quan tarn hdn THPT Long xuyen (An Giang) ndi: "Lddng tarn den viec giao due dao ddc, giao due cac gia tri nhac ngddi song tot hdn Neu khong cd can thiet cho HS THPT OBSCL de cac em luon Idong tarn, ngddi se trd nen tan nhan, lanh cd nhdng hanh vi dao ddc phu hdp lung Dieu that dang sp che bat cd va bat 2.2.2 So sanh theo dia dtf: xem bang cd xa hpi nao" Cac em cam thay lo ngai trddc nhdng canh vo tinh ma Binh Tinh Thuy Ton Nhan Khiem Le GILT Idi Tinh cac em biet hoac chdng dang nghia chung ngudi hau ton phep hCra kien nen cac em cang Bac Lieu 6,54 11 9,23 6,75 7,18 8,55 4,72 6,91 Soc Trang 7,7(f 8,88 8,98 6,89 6,98 8,43 5,15 7,53 khang dinh tinh ben vdng Ciin Thu " 7, 5 ' 8, "~" 775 7, 7, ' ~ 2 " 7, 62 cua Iddng tarn trdng cupc An Gianj; 6,03 8.56 8.93 6,25 6,75 8,30 6,74 5,74 song cua ca nhan minh va J°t§L_ 6,87 8.83 06 6,83 "' 7,11 8,28 5,40 6,88 mpi ngddi 2.2 DHGT cua HS Bang Ket qua theo tinh THPT DBSCL the hien quan he vol' Mac du khong cd sd khac biet ro net ve nguoi khac DHGT cua HS THPT OBSCL quan he vdi 2.2.1 Ket qua: xem bang ngddi khac nhdng vln cd mot vai diem khac Diem viec Ida chpn cua cac em gida cac tinh Thur STT Cac gia tri trung Cac em HS THPT d An Giang xac dinh tarn quan bac binh cua cac gia tri "binh dang", "ton Trung thdc, that tha 8,59 ngddi", "gid Idi hda" thap hdn so vdi HS THPT d Binh dang 6,87 10 cac tinh khac Con cac em HS THPT d Bac Lieu Tinh nghTa 8,83 thi cho rang "tinh nghTa", "thuy chung" la nhdng Thuy chung 9,06 Ton ngddi 6,83 11 gia tri rat quan trong quan he vdi mpi Nhan hau 7,11 ngddi Nhdng bieu hien "le phep" thi cac em lai it Khiem ton 8,28 chpn Ida Phai chang theo cac em gia tri Le phep 5,40 12 khong quan trong thdi ki hien nay? Cd Gid Idi hda 6,88 the day se la dieu lam "dau dau" cac cd quan 10 Tinh ban sang 8,99 giao due cua d|a phddng Bac Lieu thdi 11 Tinh yeu chan chinh 9,15 12 Song va lam viec 8,98 gian tdi thep phap luat Qua nghien cdu, chung toi thay cd nhieu yeu td anh hddng den DHGT THPT DBSCL: Bang DHGT nhan each the hien yeu to chu quan va yeu to khach quan Mdc dp quan he vdi ngudi khac 44 KHGD so 57, thdng - 2010 anh hddng cua cac yeu to ddpc nghien cdu la giao due gia dinh, nhdm ban be, nhan thdc, hoat dpng cua ca nhan, quan diem song den DHGT nhan each cua cac em la khong nhd Cang nhieu yeu to phoi hpp tac dpng thi mdc dp anh hudng cang cao den DHGT nhan each cua cac em Cac bien phap giao due DHGT nhan each cho HS THPT DBSCL 3.1 Tang ctfdng tuyen truyen, giao due DHGT nhan each cho HS Cong viec phai thdc hien vdi HS td rat sdm va td chdc thdc hien ddng bp cung vdi cac yeu to khac trddng Viec giao due DHGT nhan each phai trd mot npi dung cd ban chddng trinh giao due (ndi chung), cua mdn giao due cong dan va hoat dpng giao due ngoai gid len Idp (ndi rieng) cho HS THPT Can coi tinh thdc tien viec giao due dao ddc cho HS THPT Cac tarn gddng dien hinh, cac mau ngddi dat se tac dpng den nhan thdc, tinh cam, hanh vi cua cac em mot each nhanh chdng va thuyet phuc hdn Qua dd cac em nhan thdc dddc gia tri song, hpc dddc kT nang cd ban va dinh hddng hanh vi Npi dung, hinh thdc cua cdng tac tuyen truyen ve giao due DHGT nhan each cho HS THPT phai phong phu, hap din va phu hdp vdi dac diem cua khoi Idp, dia phddng cho cac em Ben canh dd can phai chu y den vai trd to Idn cua cac phddng tien truyen thong viec giao due DHGT nhan each cho HS Day la tudi mdi Idn nen cac em HS THPT rat chuong cai mdi, ham thich va de bat chddc nhdng cai khac la, Vi vay phai chu y quan li va dinh hddng cho cac em viec tiep can va lam theo cac gia tri tich ede, phu hdp vdi sdphat trien cua Ida tudi 3.2 Phat huy vai trd ciia gia dinh viec giao due DHGT nhan each cho HS THPT DBSCL Gia dinh la the che dau tien ddi vdi mdi ca nhan, la te bao hdp ddi song xa hpi Trong gia dinh, cac em nhan ddpc nhdng kinh nghiem va kT nang song dau tien Gia dinh Viet Nam cd vai trd quan trong viec tao ddng nhan each gdc cho ngddi dac biet la giao due DHGT nhan each cho HS THPT KHGD sd 57, thdng - 2010 Gia dinh cd nhdng muc tieu nhat dinh viec giao due DHGT nhan each cho HS THPT Muc tieu dau tien la Idu truyen, gin gid va to diem them cac gia tri truyen thdng tot dep cua ddng hp, gia dinh Tiep theo la giao due cho cac em nhdng gia trj nhan each tot dep cua xa hpi, cdng ddng ma cac em can cd ddpc Ndi chung la gia dinh phai lam tot viec giao due y thdc cong ddng, tinh than gan ket gida gia dinh, dong hpc vdi hang xdm, que hddng Cd nhd vay mdi tao ddpc sd thdng nhat, chat che giao due cac gia tri gida gia dinh va xa hpi Hinh thdc va npi dung giao due DHGT nhan each cua gia dinh ddi vdi cac em cung rat da dang Sd giao due cua gia dinh se tham thau dan dan vao cac em va nd hinh nen quan diem song, the gidi quan va DHGT nhan each cho tre 3.3 Giao due DHGT nhan each cho HS THPT thdng qua hoat dpng day hoc va giao due ciia nha trudng Nha trddng khong chi cd nhiem vu cung cap tri thdc, hinh kT nang, kT xao ma tap trung vao viec giao due, dinh hddng cho sd phat then nhan each cho HS THPT Day la giai doan quan trong viec tao nen tang cho sd hinh va phat trien nhan each cCia cac em Thong qua tat ca cac hoat dpng, nha trddng cd kha nang giao due toan dien cho cac em, td viec giao due cac pha'm chat dao ddc, pham chat lao dpng cCia ngddi mdi den viec giao due y thdc, hanh vi tuan thu cac qui dinh cua phap luat, y thdc ket hdp hai hda gida tinh than dan tpc va tinh than hpi nhap qudc te Nha trddng cung cd vai trd quan trong viec giam sat, dinh hddng cho cac mdi quan he giao tiep de cac em biet Ida chpn va tiep nhan cac gia tri phu hdp, tao nen tang cho hinh li tddng va muc dich song cua nhan each 3.4 Spphoi hpp cac to chut doan the, xa hoi viec giao due DHGT nhan each cho HS THPT Cac td chdc, doan the nha trddng cd vai trd quan trong viec giao due gia tri, hinh Idi song, nhan each cho HS To chdc doan nien, Hpi lien hiep nien thdng qua (Xem tiep trang 49) 45 in Nghien cu*u ngoai ngd Vi vay, chat Idpng san pham dao tao ndi chung, chat lddng QTDH cua cac trddng DHNN ndi rieng luon nhan dddc sd quan tarn cua toan xa hoi Dam bao va nang cao chat Iddng QTDH la mot nhdng nhiem vu bit bupc cua cac trddng DHNN Trong dd, cac trddng DHNN can QLCL QTDH cua nha trddng vdi viec thdc hien ddng bp cac giai phap: Xac lap cac chuan mdc cua QTDH; xay ddng quy trinh day hpc theo tiep can he thdng; xac dinh cac tieu chi danh gia quy trinh day hpc; van hanh, Iddng, danh gia, thu thap va xir li so lieu lam cd sd cho viec cai tien va tien hanh cai tien Thdc hien ddng bp cac giai phap vda neu, chat Iddng QTDH cua cac trddng DHNN se luon dddc dam bao, tri va cai tien Khoa hpc Gido due TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO Ha The Ngu, Dang Vu Hoat (1987), Giao due hoc tap I, NXB Giao due, Ha Npi Nguyen Dire Chinh (2008), Danh gia chat It/gng giao due, Khoa Su pham, DHQG Ha Ndi Nguyen Dire Chinh (2009), Tai lieu tap huan KI nang nghe nghiep cho giao vien THPT, Trudng Dai hpc Giao due, DHQG Ha Npi Warren Piper, D (1993), Quality Management in Universities, Canberra: AGPS SUMMARY The author looks into the management of teaching process quality of foreign languages universities (Hano Hue, Da Nang), proposes solutions for managing teachi process quality: setup of teaching process standards; sys tematic design of teaching process; establishing assessment criteria for teaching process; operating, measurin collecting and processing data DINH HlTOfNG GIA TRI NHAN CACH CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG (Tiep theo trang 45) cac hoat dpng da dang vdi cac hinh thdc phong phu, phu hdp vdi nhu cau ciia HS da cudn hut cac em tham gia tich ede vao cac hoat dpng chung Dac biet cac hoat dpng nien tinh nguyen, chien dich "miia he xanh", da that sd thuyet phuc cac em HS THPT DBSCL cac em hieu dddc y nghTa xa hpi va gia tri nhan van ciia nd Ciing vdi xa hpi, cac doan the tap trung vao cac npi dung sau: - Tang cddng giao due dao ddc, y thdc cong dan, long yeu nddc, truyen thdng dan tpc, - Tap trung xay ddng moi trddng hoc dddng lanh manh, xay ddng Idi song van minh cho HS - Tang cddng tinh tich cut, dpc lap ciia HS thong qua cac hoat dong hpc tap lao dpng the due the thao, hoat dpng xa hpi, Sd phoi hdp ddng bp cac bien phap tren cd the giup HS THPT ITnh hpi, tiep nhan cac thong tin, kien thdc mdi de lam cd sd phan tich, danh gia va cd thai dd Ida chon dung din cac gia tri tich cut cho ban than Ddng thdi qua trinh giup cac em kiem nghiem va td dieu chinh cac quan diem, niem tin, thai dp cua minh cho phu hdp vdi yeu cau nhan each chuan mdc ciia xa hpi KHGD so 57, thdng - 2010 TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO Do Ngpc Ha, Dinh hwdng gia tri cua nien sinh vien hien nay, Luan an tien sT Tarn li hpc,2002 Nguyen Quang Uan, Nguyen Thac, Mac Van Trang, Gia tri - Dinh hwong gia tri nhan each va giao due tri, Be tai KX-07-04, Ha Ndi,1995 Nguyen Xuan Yem, Phong chdng cac loai toi pham d Viet Nam thdi ki doi mdi, NXB Cong an nhan dan, 2005 Nguyen Van Anh, Van de giao due dinh hudng gia tri boi canh Viet Nam gia nhap WTO, Tap chi Kho hoc Giao due - Thang 9/2007 Pham Minh Hac, Giao due nhan each, dao tao nhan life, NXB Chinh tri qudc gia,1997 I.X Kon, Tarn li hoc men, NXB Tre,1987 SUMMARY From personality values survey among high school students in Mekong delta, the author comes up with measures which could enhance the value education: pro aganda, family role, teaching - learning activities, coo nation with social organizations 49 ... nd Ciing vdi xa hpi, cac doan the tap trung vao cac npi dung sau: - Tang cddng giao due dao ddc, y thdc cong dan, long yeu nddc, truyen thdng dan tpc, - Tap trung xay ddng moi trddng hoc dddng... process; operating, measurin collecting and processing data DINH HlTOfNG GIA TRI NHAN CACH CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG (Tiep theo trang 45) cac hoat dpng da dang vdi cac hinh thdc phong phu,... chpn cua cac em gida cac tinh Thur STT Cac gia tri trung Cac em HS THPT d An Giang xac dinh tarn quan bac binh cua cac gia tri "binh dang", "ton Trung thdc, that tha 8,59 ngddi", "gid Idi hda" thap