Văn hóa lễ tết của người việt phần 1

J4£lj- BANG SON NHA XL'AT BAN T H A N H NIEN T E T NON NirdC V I E T A i doc "Nlumg iigay tha d'u" cua nha van Nguyen H6ng chSc kho long quen duoc hlnh anh chu be vao nhiJng Tet di danh dao an tien, x6 timg d6ng xu dong, dong chinh (nira xu) bang thau vao dai rut, lung lang tru6c bung, nhimg vt den nha la bj ngudi cha nghien ngap tuoc di luon cho vao tau thuoc phien het Ong cai nguc ay mot ddi ngheo khd va nhuc nhan, song Nam Dinh, cung biet thuang yeu vo nhung ngheo kho va nghien ngap nen m6i the Chii be a'y se la nha van lung danh sau va di khoi cuoc d5i a ap Cau Den, viing Yen The nhimg duoc dua ve quan tai Ha Noi de moi ngudi dua ti6n Mot hinh anh khac vui hon chiit ft la bai tho tril tinh "danh tarn cue" ciia Hoang Cam, viet ve Tet Viet Nam day say dam, c6 cau: Co bai tarn cue mep cong coiig Rut trgm rcrrn nha di rdi o Chi ggi doi cay tidu cay ma Ket xe hong dUa chi ve que em Ghe cay bai tim hcfi toe dm Em dioig l&n nua chi diOig di Twang sT den troi sap ngua ram them dong tuoi duang thi va: Diia ducrc chiiih cliuyeti xihi}^ xodii}^ Di'fa tliua dao gdngoai them IBai tho dai da lau nhimg nhiJng hinh anh day than thuong va quen thugc ay van dong lai h6n ngiroi, bdi cir Tet den thl cuoc chofi tarn cue lai hien nhu mot phep nhiem mau nhiTng gian nha am sire cua dau xuan Khong hieu tir bao gicf, dan ta c6 phong tuc mimg tuoi Nguoi gia m i t u i mot lo nhu cau tho: Chcfi xudn keo lie't xiidn di Cdi gid xong xgc no thi theo saii Them mot t u i la mat di mot phan dcfi Nhung la sao, them mot t u i lai duoc moi ngucfi mimg cho, mirng bang lai chiic, mirng bang niem vui, mimg ca bang tien goi la u6n mimg tuoi Phai chang so tram la han dinh, la tdi da, nen them dugc tuoi la them niem vui trai dat ban tang ma sdrg, chu khong phai n6i buon hay sau bi oan, vi th6' ma "mimg t u o i " trd phong tuc tren khap dat nude til hang ciing ngo hem rimg sau niii cao den vting bidn phai an to noi 16n va thi ph6n hoa tung bung Ngudi Trung Hoa va Hoa Kieu cd tuc "11 x i " nghia la mimg ludi bang chiec phong bao giay do, dung nhieu loai tien tii nhd den to cho ngudi duoc tang, mong nam mdi ngudi ay se kiem duoc nhieu loai tien nhu the Ngudi Viet Nam thuan phac khdng the Quanh nam ba ta, me ta chan lam tay bun, md hdi tam ta, di cay thue, ganh mudn, bat cua tep, ddng tien kiem dugc chang dang la bao nen no quy vo ciing, vay ma Tet den ta thud nhd, ta dugc ba dugc me giiii vao tay nhung ddng xu ddng bdng Idn, nhiJng td giay bac mdi linh khdng nep gap ma cd ngudi ndi vui "cd the cao rau dugc" Gia tri cua td bac ay nhd nhoi lam nhung y nghia ciia no lai Idn lao lam sao, la niii Thai San, la bao la bien E)dng chang, la md hdi nude mat de ban tang chau con, mong mdi chau vui mimg hanh phuc Cd le v i the ma long ta dang day thuang cam vdi chu be danh dao xd ddng xu vao dai rut hay chii be choi ngoai them ben hien cd ddng xu thu dugc tir dam tam cue day Thdi dai mdi cd bao thay ddi Cd bac la nghiem cam, nhimg Tet den, tam cue van la trd chai lam Tet sum hop tran day khdng k h i thieng lieng va au yem Nhimg phien chg Tet, chg lang den chg huyen, hang vdi bdt, vdi cue dat nhu torn tuoi v i cd cau ca: ,- Ddu nam mua mud'i, ciidi ndni niua vdi Tet khdng the sang hang xdm xin chiit lira hay mieng vdi cho khau trau, cung khdng the vay nam mudi Phien chg Tet vi the ma ddng nhu hdi, dit mua bijn lay ngap mat ca chan hay mua phim nang m d tdc cdn thorn bd ket hay cd nam ndng hanh vang, vang nhu mau hoa cai vudn que, ngudi ganh hang Tet ve toat md hdi thi thiing hang dd khdng the thieu td tranh ga tranh Ign, nai chudi xanh qua bdng de bay mam ngu qua, chuc sgi phao hoa ca hoa cai, may nam nhang den nhang tram, vo cliay dd hdng cdn cai vd la xo The nao cung cd cd bai tam ciic, loai "bai that" dugc phong k i n nhu mot thdi banh dau thorn tham m i i i mirc mui hd, ma chi gai giiJ bi mat den tdi ba muai mgi viec xong xudi, mdi m d ra, lam dan em nhay c l n g len sung sudng, dm lay cai cd ba ngan ciia chi ma tham chun chut, bat ke tinh cd cd anh hang xdm sang choi, dd mat then thung hd chi Tet Viet Nam la Tet sum hop Du di dau, di t i m sir nghiep lay limg hay tha phuong cau thuc kiem mieng cam thien ha, thi Tet den van cu phai t i m ve noi que cha dat td, noi chdn cat rdn, an biJa cd dam bac, d i tao md ngoai nghia dia, gap lai cd d i chii bac, tham ngdi chua cd, sang lang ben vieng ngdi dinh CO dau dao cong vut da lay may trdi A i khong ve duac, hay la mot chuye'n se la niem an ban nhidu nam, la n6i khac khoai mong cha cua ke a ddi vdi nguai di Me se ngong tieng keu chim khach ngoai hd giau, chi se dem xem may mat may Ian, em thi thac thom vao nhac nha luon m6m, ngudi khac khong hieu cir vap vao bau cira (du bau cira quen thuoc tu xa xua) Cha the ma vi nguyen soai cua phong trao Tha mai da vi^t tha Tet, c6 cau lam muon ngudi rung dong rung rung: Ru phong suang tren gdc trg > Lang nhin thien kg don xudn sang (TheLu) Thien la vay? Tai lai ru ao nhu the? Va lang nhin la the nao? Cii doc ma thuang thay canh c6 don ciia ngudi 10 thti xa nha khong ve kip Tet Thdi dai mdi da sang trang that dep Kinh t6' ma mot chan trdi Nhung mimg va tiii xen nhau, dan cai khQ tranh Thanh hiem tim mot be'p lira than dem cho noi banh chung soi luc buc nhu cuai Nhieu lang hoa, lang dao da bi san phang lam khu cong nghiep Nghl gan thi cam ao gao tien can hon thii chd hoa Nhung nghl xa thi day? Phong tuc, net hao hoa van hien cua nghin nam se day? Chung ta khong cuang duoc cai mdi, hon nua, van hoa la bat bien la luon tir thay doi ma nhung nam gan day cung nhin thay ro Tien mimg tudi cung da bien chat di nhieu Chiec phong bi (cang mong cang tot) khong phai mimg cho tre em ma la de' tra na den an nguai lorn Nhan danh cuoc vui, cay bai tam ciic khong con, ma thay vao la nhung quy quai ciia tro bai bac pham phap ma dau teu la x6 so, 16 de Mam c6 Tet da c6 phan nao khac voi truyen thong xa xua Nhieu nucic la c6 mat do, mon nghin nam thi thuang cung C O , nen no c6 phan tiii than chang ma khong xuat hien? Co dang thi muon trd ve mai Tet xua que huang em dem? Nha hang xom c6 go'c hai dudng c6 thu,' xuan loe nhung chiec nu canh sen nhu ngon lira mai thap len cho mua xuan am ap tinh ngudi Nhung canh hai dudng ay chi de hang xom sang xin, tu tim ma be chu chang bao gid ban May bong hoa ram but tuai nhu chiec den l6ng soi to I6'i di, mot thdi ta di ben c6 gai hoc cung lap, ta trao bong hoa ay ma ma ta han hoa Nao da biet gi ve tinh yeu ddi liia, chac la miia xuan nhuom hong dong muu nen ma hai ta cung Tet nay, c6 gai ngan xa d dau, c6 tay bdng tay mang, c6 nhd ngudi ban cu vanlang thang thi? Co len chiia xin canh khe' c6 ma'y qua mong nude nhu thach thiic sir kien tri cai ludi, va cd la c6 gai tha Nguyen Binh: Hoi clieo lang Dang di ngang ngo Me bdo tlidn Dodi lidt toi Dam cheo ay da phan tan de'n neo dudng ddi mil mit nao, Te't c6 di chuye'n tau hoa cudi nam, chuye'n xe khach cudi cting de vugt nhutig dam dudng suang biia, ve nha cho kip giao thira? Ta cd la mot so khong hdn ta bdng mang niem thuang nhd mot ta ao trang ciing chiec that lung hoa dao tren dudng ngap tim c6 may, dan budc len chiia nghi ngiit nhang tham nai tran the Ngoai dudng, vun vut xe lao di, ngudi vac canh dao bich tham tuai, ngudi dm chau quat xum xue mong phat tai sinh Idc, ngudi thd banh chung di luoc thue ve, ngudi vao hieu thdi trang lay dd may tir dau thang Chap Tet dang den rdi Cdn nai xa xdi nhi, nhirng ddi mat nao dang ngong dai Chiec binh huong va chan nen bang d6ng va bang g6 son then da dirac lau chui, ch5 gi nfra ma khong ngiit ngan khoi nhang va anh nen c6 le chi c6 cho ngirai, chd ngirdi v6 an Tet, Tet Viet Nam thuan phac thieng lieng, H6n Dan Toe cho ta tat ca va ta hoa vao hon dan toe that tha thiet dam say 1-2004 che lat giang, va hy hue luoc banh sudt dem, ngon lira chay bung bung, ngirai ngdi canh banh la trai gai lich hen nhau, sat vai sudt dem ben bep lira, mac ke ngoai trai mua phiin gid ba'c hay cai ret tai te Sang hom sau vcft banh, bdc chiec banh dau tien dat len ban thd dang len tien td ong ba td long ki'nh bie't on Cd cau ca dao ndi va phong tuc Tet: Tliit ind dua liaiili can doi Neil cao traiig plido hdnli chioig xaiih T E T N G U Y E N X I T A V A D A N N A Y ' ' I 'et Nguyen Dan la mot thieng lieng vai tat ca moi J- nguai Viet Nam da tir hang ngan nam nay, ca thang cung nhir luc tram Tet khong chi la dip mung don mua xuan moi lai ve ma la dip mimg sum hop gia dinh, gia toe, mong dat nuac va xa hoi tot dep hon, mong cung duoc du day hanh phiic vi the ma cung nao nuc, cho du ban ron hon han thuong thi moi nguori van hang hai va phan khoi chuan bi va an Tet choi Tet cho that dang hoang vui ve Qua cac thir tich ngu6i xua de' lai va qua 15i ke cac cu cao nien thi Tet nhihig xa xua c6 nhi6u diem khac Phong tuc goi banh chimg lam banh day da c6 tir thdi cac vua Hung mo nude, chang hoang tir Lang Lieu di lai Phong tuc ay van duoc day tri cho den nha cung phai goi banh chimg Tet, nao vo gao, dai d6, m6 Ion, mua la dong rimg, 10 Can Tet, ngoai dinh trdng cay neu cao nha't lang, ngoai chija trdng cay phudn, cac gia dinh cung trdng cay neu bang cay tre cao va thang nha't cua bui tre nha minh, tren dd treo la cd ngu sac, chim chiec ca bang sir, qua chuong nhd cung nhimg dai lua mau, den miing Tet goi la khai mdi neu, coi nhu da xong mot cai Tet d6 bat tay vao lao dong, v6 que an Tet thi lai di tiep tuc cong viec ciia minh nhCmg chdn xa xoi Nude ta vdn ngheo sudt bao thai gian, nen Tet den, dam ba nha chung nga mot Ian d6 chia an Tet, tuc dd goi la "an dung" Vi the, ma cd mdn thit ma Bdi thjt ma d6 ngay, nen rau cd trdng ra, dd cd loai hanh cii dem nen vira chua vira man, \\x hang thang trudc Tet Tren mam cd Tet cd dia dua hanh; non bdc trang tinh xen lan mau vang rue ra, nd se gidn san sat giua hai ham rang, lam cai cua thit ma phai tieu tan Ngay Tet, nha cd mam cd Tet, cd banh chung xanh, cd dua hanh vang, thi cung khong th6 thieu duac nhOng doi cau doi tren hai cot nha, cd son son thep vang, cd tren lua va binh dan hon chi la nhung td giay hdng dieu duac doc ra, viet nhiing Idi hay y dep va treo len vach Phong tuc choi cau doi cd rat lau ddi, tu cha ong ta biet viet chu, ca chu Han va chQ Nom Cdn nhd mot doi cau ddi ciia Nguyen Cong Triir: 11 Toi ba mucri ng hoi tit mil, dong chat cm, duoi tlidng ban ngo Sang inimg mot, ma then tqo hod, dUa hai tay bong ong Phitc vao nha Trong nha ngoai san d6u sach se khang trang, thi cung khong the' thieu duac nhOng trang phao chuot cua cac em be tha ngay, chi choi ba Tet, vira vang r6n vara thorn mui khoi phao Nha tho V u D i n h Lien, vao thap ky bon muoi ciia the ky X X CO bai tho Ong Do rat hay viet v6 cac cu Nho viet cau doi Tet, c6 doan: MSi nam hoa ddo iid Lai thdy ong gid Bay mUc tdii giay Giiia dong ngudi qua va mot doan ket qua buon, dii la su that: Nam ddo Igi na Tir chieu miing mot cac vai gia da len chiia 16 Phat, cac cu ong dlnh thap nhang tru6c Nhung Tet deu la v u i , di tham nhau, chiic Tet nhau, r6i danh du, danh ca ngudi, danh quan, thi dd't phao, xem chpi ga, danh tam ciic Ho Xuan Huang c6 bai tha Danh du day ly thu, c6 nhung cau: Trai du gdi hqc khom khom cat Khong thdy ong xi(a Gdi udn lUng ong ngUa ngUa long Nhilng ngudi miion nam cu Bdn mdnh quan hong bay phdp phdi Hon addu bay Hai hang chdn ngpc dudi song song gid? Tet nhung thcfi c6 rat nhifiu phong tuc hay va dep Ngay gan Tet phai tdng ve sinh toan bo tir nha den san va loi ngo Co cau tuc ngu: "Daw nam mua mudi cudi nam mua voi" la noi v^ chuyen Dau nam khong the sang hang xom x i n may hat muoi Con cuoi nam mua voi de lay nude voi quet cac biic vach da qua mot nam mua gio nang noi, diing nuoc voi hoac voi bot rac san ngo, khong chi rac nhu gieo hat ma ve cac hinh nhu tron tuong trimg cho trdi, vuong tuong trimg cho dat, ve ca cung ten voi mui ten chi ngoai nham xua dudi moi loai ta ma, khong cho chiing den quay nhidu 12 Kieng khong noi tuc, khong lam va, khong danh mdng cac em tha, phai c6 ngudi vao xong nha thi nguai nha mai duac khoi nha, goi la "xuat hanh" theo ngudi chu nha va each tinh tu6i ma di vt nam hay sang bac, di theo hudng dong hay tay Tuc mirng tuoi cung c6 tir lau, khong phai la ki6u cho tiin vao phong bao do, goi la l i x i , kieu nguyen ciia nguai Trung Quo'c va Hoa K i u Con chiing ta, mimg tudi bang nhilng dong xu dong hao hoac nhirng td gia'y bac m6i tinh, va dua tan tay ngu5i duac miTng tuoi Kha gia han, c6 mimg tuoi bang tat ca cac loai ti6n tir to den nho, d^ mong ngu5i nhan sang nam mdfi se c6 the thu nhan duac tat ca cac loai tien nhu the Mot net dac biet ciia Tet xua la sum hop A i di dau thi Tet den cung co ve sum hop gia dinh, tham hp hang, que huang Cha me mong con, anh chi em mong nhau, den hang xom cung hoi tham, neu c6 ngudi ve thi cung chia se niem vui a'y Trai qua bao bi6'n thien, mot th5i bao cap kho khan, Tet vSn duac t r i miic c6 the, de cung c6 Tet, khong tung bung thi cung pha'n chan Tir vai chuc nam nay, chiing ta bu6c sang th5i ky doi m d i da CO rat nhieu thay doi, ke ca dieu hay net t6t iSn nhung nuoi tiec hoac gay nhieu ban khoan tap tuc 13 D d i song kinh te da kham kha hon, thi khong lo cai an cai mac qua vat va Khong can chat bop hang thang tr5i de sam timg ti mot, ma chieu ba muoi Tet cam may noi, a 16 vai cau la du day hang Tet (duong nhien la phai c6 tien) V I vay, ma rat it gia dinh goi banh chimg, nguoi ta mua dam bay chiec la xong The la mat di nhirng dem luoc banh chung tran day khong k h i Tet Chi mot viec nho la ft nha mua la cay rau mui gia dun nu6c tam, ngudi ta dCing my pham, cac thir nuoc hoa cho tien May Tet, cac phan gia dinh coi thucfng viec sum hop, tir mam c6 tat nien den mam c6 ciing sang miing mot Nhieu ngudi rii di nha hang, di hat, di dir nhirng tro chai m d i t i i nuoc ngoai du nhap vao nude ta, cung it an nhung mon "thit m o " nhu tru6c nua Co ngudi chudc rugu den say x i n , ma loan la rugfu dat tien, coi lang phi nhu mot chuyen thong thuong Tir Nha nu6c ta cam phao, da dep duoc nhi6u tai nan bong chay Do la mot chii truong dung cho thai Phong tuc ciing bai to tien, c6 gia dinh don gian di nhieu nhung c6 noi lai phuc h6i mot each thai qua, phuc hoi ca cai hay l l n dieu do, ca boi loan, di doan Tien mimg tuoi la de chia vui xuan, mong cho lam an tan tcfi, mtmg vira diroc them mot tuoi trdi Tuy nhien tuc le ciing c6 liic bi nguoi ta lam dung, cho ti6n vao phong bao, mot so tidn nao de diit lot, tra on, mong nho cay sau chii khong la ni6m vui nho nho va v6 tu Lau da hinh mot net moi Cac Ion nhu Ha Noi, H6 Chi M i n h , Hue, Hai Phong chang han, dem giao thira, ngucfi nguoi tu hop quanh mot quang truong nao CO rong Ion de don giao thira, nghe tho chiic Tet cua Bac Ho hoac Chii tich nirdc, roi \i xong nha cho gia dinh minh, vdti nhirng mot quan ao sang trong, dep de va c6 k h i quai dj la liing ntra, nhung vi la Tet, nen khong noi gi 14 Tet ciia nay, mam c6 khSng la quan nhat nira Ngu5i ta coi choi Tet quan nhu an Tet, c6 coi hon an Tet Tet la dip nhirng nguoi giau khoe ciia, nguoi ngheo thi cung mat mat, v i the khong la gi, sang miing mot Tet, cac hang bun rieu bun 6c c6 vi chua cay da dong nguoi ngoi an, chinh la vi ho nhirng mon c6 Tet roi, thuong muon c6 mam c6 nhu Tet thi cQng chi vai chuc phut goi nha hang la c6 Thai gian da di qua dan toe chting ta hang ngan nam Cac phong tuc deu duac sang loc Tet Nguyen Dan la mot 16 dac biet, CO thay doi gi chang nifa thi no v i n duoc tri tren nhirng net dai the, cung la tinh dan toe, bai nguoi Viet Nam song c6 an nghla, thiiy chung, ton nhirng truyen thong dan tpc Do cung la mot didu dang tran dii da c6 khong biet bao nhieu thay doi d5i song tir van hoa den chinh tri va kinh te Miia xuan cii quay lai nhu v6 tu Nhung vdi chung ta, mua xuan cang vat them nhieu suy nghl de xay dung hien tai va tuong lai, n t o chiic mimg miia xuan m6i la ni6m \i ron T A O MO TRirdC X U A N C ta cung c6 t6 tien, ong ba, cha me Ma 16 tien, 6ng ba, cha me kh6ng s6ng dai ddi kiep kiep v6i m6i chung ta Thudng chi nam mo c6 vang hiu hat nhu nep thdi gian dong lai va tan pha CQng kh6ng phai liic nao chung ta ciing c6 the 16 Khdng di tao mO thi khdng the y6n tam, c6 cam giac minh la diia bat hi6'u, diia chau v6 on, chua lam tron bdn phan vdi ngu5i xua, ma chang may nam sau chuyen lam an c6 gi so say thi cang an han v i minh da c6 di6u khong phai vcti ong ba ngoi mp se se ma khoi huong khan khua v i cu6c ddi v6'n nhieu song gio va ban r6n, ta phai lam nghla vu ngucfi, nghla vu cong dan, phai nudi day cai cho chung nen ngudi V i the ma nhan dan ta c6 tuc tao mo T6t den, nha cung bSn b^ c6ng viec, nao dong gao n6'p, Theo Nguy6n Du viet truyen Kieu t h i : mua la dong, mua d6, nao goi banh chung, mua mut T6t, rupu Thanh minh tiet thdng ba Li la tao mo hoi la dap Tet, nao sam quan ao moi cho lu tre, nao di Tet thay, tham ban C O t r i , nao cong tac cong doan, tham hoi, nao seu Tet cho M i i n g ba thang ba am lich, tiet tr5i sang, moi ngudi thirong to chuc hoi tao mo, va ay, lua dong da xanh, CO cung da ciing xanh, xanh den chan trai nen m d i goi la dap thanh, nghla la di tren c6 xanh N6'u khong t h ^ ca gia dinh cung di tao mo, thi chi it cung vai ba ngudi, ngudi mang 16 vat g6m vang giay, hucfng therm, trau ruou va chiit it hoa qua, ngudi cam chiec cuoc de sira sang phan mo, suot nam qua, c6 ch6 nao sut \b thi dap lai Phong tuc hay da c6' tir lau dcfi va a khap m o i noi Ke ca nhCmg nghla trang liet si, noi nhihig ngudi iru tu ciia To quoc da yen giac nghin thu Cling ton tai vdi phong tuc tao mo thang ba, nhan dan ta CO phong tuc tot dep la tao mo trudc xuan V a o c O thang Chap, 16 ti6n ong Cong ong Tao I6n trdi, m o i gia dinh the nao cung phai thu x6'p lay mot di tao mo * Nguoi pho, dii c6 doi chiit tau xe vat va, nhimg v6i tarn long thanh, nh6 on tien to da khuat, cung ho hoi sam sanh 16 vat d^ c6 mot tao m6 Co the ve qu6 huong ban quan a mot vung xa nao do, noi tir duong dong ho, noi ng6i mo t6, c6n c6 di ehii bac, nhan the tham hoi hp hang, bi6'u chiit qua Tet de' to long dura diia chau xa que Cung c6 t h ^ len nghia trang Y6n K y , Thanh Tudc, dudng c6 xa nhung xe dua don tan noi, chi phai sap xep thi gidf cho trpn ven 16 hoac bieu qua thong gia, nao tong ket cuoi nam viec nao cung can thi6't ca Nhung hau nhu cung thay viec di tao m6 vao cQ cuoi thang Chap la can thiet nhat, la mot nghla vu phai lam d ^ khong an han gi ve b6n phan lam ngudi i i M o t nam vura troi qua, biet dau day, tran bao thang bay, co lu thang sau, r6i mua ndng sut siii ong a, tre chan trau mai choi, CO th6 ngoi mp nha minh bi sut mdt goc, hay dam c6 van che't mat mot mang can phai sira sang, lap cai hang chupt d6ng, them vang c6 m i , dat bong hoa tuoi, cung c6 the tr6ng mot khom cay hoa cue van thp hay khom cay la dau, loai cay sC'ng ben b i , vuot qua mua nang Bon mp Chi chau, la hien mot ben hang x o m , it k h i c6 trach moc la khong d i tao minh minh biet, la luong tam ngudi lam lam thuc hien mot nghla vu thieng lieng va cung la thuc phong tuc ciia nghin xua truyen lai Thdng thudng tao mp, thap huong khan vai td tien, thi cung thap d d i ba nen huong cho nhung ngdi mp xung quanh N g u d i song cd hang xdm, lang gieng Ngudi khuat noi chin sudi cung cd xdm gi6ng, ma cu the ta nhin thay dupe trudc mat, nhCrng ngdi mp nam san sat b6n day Chi may hdm nua la T6t, chau vira tao mp cung vira la mdi ngudi xua ve an Tet vdi chau Ban thd d nha da cd ddi cay mia voi mau tim buoc hai ben ban thd, lam gay ong vai, di t6 tien CO cai gay chong ma di duong xa, roi mung bon Tet, hoa vang, chau se tidn td tien ve coi vinh hang, va hen sang nam lai don v6 va cQng xin song khon, chet thieng, to tien, cha me ve phu ho cho chau lam an phat dat, khoe manh, hoc hanh tan tdi Neu cuoi nam da tao mo thi chau cam thay long minh da than, yen tam lam an, Gieng, minh c6 di tao m6 Ian nua hay khong, cung khong phai ban khoan an han Thanh pho, ddi song ban ron, nhieu ngudi vi mai lam an ma quen bang mot phong tuc dep c6 16 cung nen n h k nha de phong tuc dep khoi mai mot voi thdi gian: Tuc tao mo truac xuan HA NOI BA MX/dl TET M ua dong Ha Noi nhu mot nguori phu nu dutig tudi, day kinh nghiem song, van giu nguyen ve dep tan th5i gai, du doi phang phat mot chut buon la dang cua net nhan duoi mat, ma net nhan ay la chiec la bang roi mau do, la rang cay com nguoi da triit het la vang, la mat nude hd Guom hom gid mua Dong Bac Ian tan thdi giat may ve phia Hang Khay, bd Nam long hd tram mac Ngirdi phu nu ay ngam dat tay c6 gai duong thi vao h6i C6 gai duong thi ten goi mua xuan Hoi chinh la Nguyen Dan Chi mot budc nua la cdng chao Hoi md Hom ba muoi Tet 18 Ivr^Jr Ngudi phu nu mua dong vui long liii vao tudi minh phieu lang, nhudng tat ca nitm ddi cho tudi hoa nien Tuy nhien, trudc di d an ngudi dan ba hao phong va v6 tu da kip cho c6 gai bao dieu ky dieu Mot rimg hoa dao hoa mai nd ro, mot miia tho dang tung bimg phap phdi bay len tir hdn thi si, nhung nui c6 ban, mot trdi nhang khdi tam linh, mot vung bao la que xa de ma hudng v6 hoai niem nhd thuong Miia dong da kip lam tat ca Chi cdn chd chd tudi mdi an nap dudi Ian tdc mai tren nhung khudn mat nhu hoa, khuon mat nhu tinh lat nira thoi, tudi mdi se hien len nhu hdn hd nu Lieu Trai trudc thu sinh da tinh t h k thorn Sang ba muoi, bua com tat nien cd may mdn la, tan dung nguyen lieu ciia cd ban Nem ran, mien xao, chao Idng, banh Chung dau tien da thap huong xong The ma da trua roi Canh dao dot gdc, ngu toa binh bat dau nhu rung rinh cua quay de canh hoa chao ddi bang mau sac Nhung cha hoa Hang Luge va chg hoa dudng Au Co - Lac Long Quan cdn dang thim thiet dong vui Hoa dang lam cuoc du hanh tren moi loai xe vi viit de de'n khap 500 phudng phd Van cdn nhieu doi ngudi ngam nghia lira chon canh hoa, cay hoa cho miia xuan minh lenh lang duyen to , ong chii vudn dao van lui hiii danh vdng bd gdc bang giay xi mang va sgi lat tre che voi de hoa di den nai ve den chdn Hang trieu mau hoa da yen vi vdi bao ngudi, ca hoa mai vang tuai rdi dugc chuyen tir Nam Bac cho Tet ron rang Va chieu ba muoi sap tdi Chi cdn kiem tra xem thieu du the' nao Gid nay, nhilu cira hang Idn, sieu thi Idn da ddng cua cho nhan vien ve an Te't sdm, trua mung mot ho da rdi bd c6 gai duong thi ten goi miia xuan, dung vao vi tri Ban thd da den nen sang choang Nhang tram da du, nhang vdng toa khdi, cay nhang dung uy nghi cdn chd phut trit tich linh thieng mdi bat dau song thuc ddi minh Hinh nhu binh thuy tien bat dau dong day Xac hoa bat dau don hdn, hay hdn hoa dang dgi chut hdi sinh, loai hoa dai 19 cac, trang, bang trinh va huong thorn cung khe khang so lam lay dong thi nhan mat y tho ma buong but Mam c6 tat nien thinh soan da xong Me da mac ta'm ao dai, cha thi doi khan, dong ao nghiem chinh khac han thuong xue xoa, mdc mac Hinh nhu c6 mdt su kien phi thircmg xay Nguoi dan ba mang ten miia dong chua di han, vSn dang ngap nghe phi'a tang cay, nai goc pho, canh h6 Tay, ho Girom, ch6 viron hoa c6 la co dai, CO hoi, c6 cay neu va nhiitig ta'm tranh c6 dong Sir kien la chua bao gia c6 mot khoang th5i gian Ha Noi thua vang khap cac dudng nhu luc A i can mua sdm cung da xong, can tlm ban da tim thay hoac danh cam nin quay ve Ai chuain bi cho gia dinh thi dang chuain bi Gi5 la gid ciia gia dinh, gio cua tam linh, gi6 ciia sum hop, gid ciia doi chct day la liic chuong nha thd Idn vira danh xong tieng va sir kien se keo dai khoang tren mot tieng nua Da len den, nhung den chieu sang dau phai cho ngudi Den chi6u cho mat du5ng phong quang, den chieu cho cay xanh buon hiu quanh Ba tram sau muoi nham ngay, m6i 24 gid nam, hinh nhu chi c6 khoang thoi gian nguoi moi nhuong duong cho gio Cho hoa da c6 them mot phan moi, cac chi cong nhan moi trudng keo le chiec choi can dai vao cho Nhieu hang hoa chi nhOng la canh viit bo Cai dep da di het, noi each khac, cai dep da ve nha het Can t6ng ve sinh de lat nifa thoi, muon van buoc chan ngudi qua day deu duoc thoi, dat nang xuan den ben Ngay ca cau The Hiic, chiec luge hong chai vao toe biec song xanh va lilu rii, nhiJng g6 mat cau cung du6i dai tich mich, 15 doi chan cau cam xuong day h6 cung tu hoi b6ng dudng vao Dai Nguyet Lau la khu6n c6ng den Ngoc Son, khong mot am vang got chan ngudi Nang gai duong thi ron ren got hai dang de'n Bua c6 tat nien hinh nhu nha cung da xong Tuan tra cung da tan doi ba Ian che nude sdi boc khoi Va dot khdi nhu lu dd ve, tir tir rdi cuon cudn khdng hieu ngudi d dau ma dd dudng dong de'n vay Quanh cac dan den hd Guom da cd nhung tam rao chan ma luc thdi, chung an vao gdc nao, khdng chii y Khu vuc hd Tay, Quang trudng Lang Bac Hd, cdng vien Thong Nhat, dudng Thanh Nien tiic dudng Co Ngu (con tau xanh khdng bao gid dam cii noi len giua Idng hai ho ky dieu) tat ca da bat dau xao dong vdi chan ngudi, tieng ngudi, bong ngudi Nhung khdng dau dong bang khu vuc hd Hoan Kiem Mot vdng hd hai nghin met, anh den nd tren khap cac tang cay, tir cay sau toa trdn, den cay sua het mua hoa, cay sua chua kip nu, cay nhdi cdi can, cay bang lang mai me lam qua, cay bang say sua triit la, cay lidu cu budng rem, cay gao gio nhCrng cang tay gan gudc ddn suong trdi, cay tre nga than mau vang dung dua la da nhu nhd mot que huong tat ca d6u no hoa, hoa khap canh cao canh thap, dii cac mau xanh, dd, tim, vang, hong, trang Them may cay den cao ap mau hdng lam mat ngudi nhu vira nhap chut men cay, chiit men xuan, chiit men tinh yeu tudi mdi ban cho, ngudi gai duong thi lay tir ban tay ngudi phu nu mang ten mua ddng, ban cho Vudn hoa Chi Linh (nghe noi se la noi dung tuong dai vua Ly Thai To) cd biing binh toan cay quat chiu chit tren nen cd, khdng phai la cd ma la toan hoa pang-xe, tfm chen vang, vang pha tim At lat nira giao thira, chiing hoa than dan budm tung bay Nhirng gdc dao nam ngoai, hoa nhu chiim chim mdi cudi cung da ddn anh den va nghe dugc cau cudi rue rich, nhip thd xdn xang, nghe dugc Idi hd hen va mong mdi: mua xuan nay, ta se Thdi gian bay gid khdng bang ddng hd ma bang long 21 / khoi nha neu chua c6 khach xong nha Khach xong nha la ngudi khach den nha dSu tien, se mang may hay riii vao nha suot mot nam, vi the ma nhieu gia dinh hen trudc, khoi nha tir tru6c giao thira, di x6ng nha de lay may Do la nhOng ngudi an nen lam ra, diic d6, hien lanh, coi md, song toan, may man Tuc mirng tuoi bang titn cho tre xua't hien tro lai, chac cung khong sao, khong lam ngheo di, cung khdng lam cho tre vi dong tien be ti ma hu di duoc \m khach xong nha hay don khach den chuc Tet, bao gid c h i va khach cung mimg vui, ndi vdi nhimg cau cd sSn, nhOng Idi tot dep nhat: "Lam an tan tdi", "Con cai hoc hanh d6 dat", "Tien vao nha nhu nude", "Con dan chau dong", xua CO cau "Thang quan tien chiic", "Bu6n ban nhat ban van loi" Ngay miing mot la thieng lieng, quy gia nhat, n6n neu cha me (con d rieng) thi nhat thie't phai theo cau ca: Mung mot thi le nha cha Neu dem giao thira, cac gia dinh c6 mam c6 chay dat lo thien cung dat trdi thi sang miing mot, ba chii nha da day s6m lam mam c6 thinh soan nha't nam, dang len ban th5 ma cung vai Khach da'n xong nha, duomg nhien la chao mimg lich sir, pha tra, mdi rugu, mdi mut, ddi mdi mdi khach an c6 neu khach b xa hoac ho rat gan Sau c6 khach xoilg nha, chii nha m6i quan ao chinh t6 dinh 16 hoac len chiia 16 Phat va cai mdi duoc di khoi nha CQng khong the tien, ma phai xem hudmg xuat hanh, tuoi nao thi di hu6ng nao, gid nao cho hop, cho dep Cac cu truyen lai: Co kieng c6 lanh, khong hai gi de'n ai, khong hai gi den nep song Cung khong nen bac bo Chu nha trudc xuat hanh, xem lai canh loc hai luc dem qua L6c chi c6 mot^x;anh la bat ky, nho, c6 chi vai nhanh la, mot bdng hoa hay chiec 16c vila nhii chua du mau xanh Phai tim Ipc truoc vudn, giao thira la dem tdi mit miing, cu hai biJra di dung ch6 chon ban chieu, vao soi dudi den n6n di doan la doan hoa Canh 16c a'y sang ckm tr6n ban thd, tuoi hay heo, no se duoc cam d day nhilu nhi^u tuan, bao gid heo mdi dem giS'ng tha cho mat me 152 Miing hai nha me miing ba nha thdy ) Mung hai sang ben ho ngoai, ho ba ngoai hoac ho me, mung ba di tham va chuc Tet th£y giao, ngudi cha thu hai ciia minh Tuc khdng bo duoc, bo la quen di mot phan bon phan, mot phan an nghia lam ngudi, dii la ngudi ngheo khd hay giau sang, niirt dd vach Ca miing hai va miing ba, ban va buoi tdi, h^u nhu chi de di chiic Tdt, di \t noi noi no, tdi la sum hop quay quan anh den anh nen thieng lieng Cd m6t trd choi thu vi khdng hieu cd tir bao gid, chi choi may Tet, sau miing hoac miing hoa vang, no cung bien di ludn de bat diu cdng viec binh thudng Dd la choi tarn cue vdi 32 quan bai cd tudng, si, tuong Tet khdng chi cd the Phien cho Tet que cd hang ban mia voi rat dat hang, nha cung phai mua mot ddi v l buoc hai ben cot ban thd, goi la "gay dng vai", la ddi gay cho cac cu vuot dudng xa, sau Tet mdi nga ra, ca nha mdi ngudi an vai khau mia lay phuc May nam nay, Tet quanh ho Guam Ha Ndi cd nhi6u ngudi di ban rong loai mia voi a'y, cung vui, vira cd the la loc tuoi, de dd nan be cay cdi, vira giai khat va thich mang ve lam gay dng vai ciing duoc Miing bdn mot bira cd thinh soan nQa: Cd hoa vang, nghla 153 la de't hft vang ma da bay Tet, coi nhu tiSn td tien trd ve coi vTnh hang, chau tro lai dcfi thu5ng, het cai Tet chinh thiic Nhimg thuc Tet keo dai nhi^u nira, c6 het ca miia xuan Chua Huong md 16 tCr mung Tet den het thang ba, nhi^u vung que dtu c6 16 hoi thang Gieng, lin luot theo nhau, nai sang noi khac, rom chiSng trdng, hdi he, dan hat, boi thuyen, danh vat, chai du Xua CO cau: Thang Gieng Id thang an chcfi Thuc thang Gieng nong nhan, c6 th6i gian dai ngudi n6ng dan khong biet lam th6m cai gi n6n danh rong dai cho qua thdi gian thang Gieng ay, ngoai vui 16 hoi Nay c6 khac, nhidu nai c6 phong tuc xudng dong tir miing hai, miing ba, va dac biet c6 phong tuc "Tet trdng cay" day h6 hdi nao nuc theo Idi day ciia Bac H6 Tir c6 phong trao nay, da c6 nhieu canh rimg xanh tot, hang van thudc khdi g6, duoc thu hoach, hang trieu ta'n qua cai thien ddi s6ng Trong cay Tet ich loi nhieu mat Cung da hinh phong tuc mdi nhu T6t, cac cu ong cu ba trang trong, cam huong, dat dan chau di tham vieng sira sang cac nghia trang liet si, sau di tham cac gia dinh chinh sach, cac me anh hung, liet sT, gia dinh, thuong binh, nguoi gia neo dcfn Day la net dep, moi nhung da phat trien sau rOng, that dang mimg Phong tuc Tet nhi6u net dep khac nQa v6i nhi^u chi tiet, dang duoc sang loc de lay lai nhung di6u tot dep va loai bo nhOng gi kh6ng phii hop voi dai song hien dai nhu m6 tin di doan, khoa truang ton kem Chuc moi ngudi cung c6 nhitng T6t hanh phuc long dan toe day phong tuc dep 154 XUAT HANH r rieu nam diing thing tren hai chan lam ngudi, miia xuan chua phai la niem cam xiic vdi ngucd Van nam biet ngu6n goc, biet cay trdng, miia xuan hien len doa hoa, ngucd han chua he't ba nga tru6c dieu vinh hSng cii tuan hoan trot lai Nghin nam cam nhan, nghin nam tich luy m6i thau hi^u duac niim mua n5i ndng, lay phay hiu hat hay biing trdi vui, dau ti6n cua mua gio tir phuong Bac ve la nhirng rung mai trang muot mau hoa, toa tham loai huong nhu khong c6, nhu tam long quan tir coi thudng cai a ben ngoai tam thiic, roi den nhung bong dao nhu budtn tir mot coi nao xa xam lam dem qua v6 dau lai tr6n canh d^ ngudi goi la miia xuan Vuat len ban nang, nhung doi tim an, khat tim udng, trai tim gai, gai tim trai bie't the nao la rung dong tinh yeu, ngudi biS't d6n miia xuan nhu mot cai dep trudng ton theo quy luat khi: Tqy ndng dia muoi mieng gicng GiCng cay muoi man xin dCcng quen va nguoi di tir cau chuyen nghIa tinh va dau do^n m6t ngudi dan ba vdi hai ngudi dan ong de mieng trau giao duyen mang mau mau cua trai tim mieng: 155 Trdu trdu nghia trdu tinh Trdu loan trdu phucfng trdu minh trdu ta Ngudi Viet c6 khong tach rdi mieng trau ma ngudi Mucmg luu giQ tap tuc ay, khong chi c6 trai gai tan hon mcfi m d i khach mieng trau, cay cau va cay neu c6 gi giong nhau, CO g i an vao nhau, toat vao k h i xuan den Hien dai, mieng trau la chuyen xa la v6'\u ngudi den n6i ngudi ta hai timg chum hoa cau di ban khong cho cay cau lam qua timg buong, nhimg miia xuan thi khong the, miia xuan la siic hut, la khong cuong duoc, la huong gai mat trai, la anh trai long gai lam me man long nhau, phai hoa vao de xuan nd X i n cac nha "don vudn" dimg bat be cau noi tren day long trai m d i Idn nghe dugc Ian huong, nhin duoc cai v6 hinh mda xuan lam m d i me muon loai tir mot cai mim cay, chi6'c Clio ao, sai khong k h i den hdn ngudi Khong hieu xuat xir tii dau, hang da c6 thach nhu ong anh k i m cuomg, tiip Jeu vang la Igp, lang trai giua dam hoang miia xuan ngudi phai t i m hudng xua't hanh? Khong hieu giua cSn khd tro trui, cai bung lep khong, hudng nao CO cai hat rimg qua, c6 mieng thit ngot thom tren lira se nudng dem ma ngudi t i m hudng xuat hanh? Chi CO bdn phuong thoi: Dong, Tay, N a m , Bdc, neu rong thi them bd'n phuong phu goi la bdn phuang bang la: Tay Bac, Tay Nam, Dong Bac, Dong Nam, the ma ngudi d i ngan nam khong het, ban than ta di tram nam chua tron Ta't ca m o i can nha lang ta dSu m d cua theo hudng cira dinh Tay thi Tay ca, Dong thi DOng ca, nhi^u k h i thuoc cau ca: Lay va hien hod, lam nha hudng 156 Nam ma khong dam cudng tuc 16 v.a phong hoa cua lang, danh chiu u6i bat tien mot ddi Nhung xuat hanh khong the Mua xuan buong ta ao thSn k y ciia minh xudng, chum len toan vu tru, hudng nao cung chan chiia niem xuan, di dau ma chang dupe, nhung phai tim noi nao, hudng nao xuan nhat cho ta, gidng uhu cd trieu ngudi dan ong va dan ba, ta phai chon la'y mot ngudi cho rieng ta tam dau y hop nha't ma tram nam hanh phiic D i dinh hudng Dong, d i chiia hudng Tay, den hudng Bac, budc len dudng phia Nam noi ay cd ddng song bd'n miia khong can de lay cai "khudc" tran irk Co mot ddi minh khong khoi luy tre lang minh, khong khoi khoang san nha minh? Ngugc lai, cd mot ddi cu lang bat ky hd, rong ruoi lenh denh khong t i m ben dd, nhat la k h i xuan &€n cung cin mot neo di ve a'm ciing? Cd the cd day va su xuat hanh sang hdm mung mot chinh la khat khao dieu ta t i m ta dpi Chang lang tir tho The LC: Ru phong suang tren gdc tro Lang nhin thien hg don xudn sang va ngudi trai c6 lieu NguySn Van Thucmg thd than hiu quanh: Dem ddng, c6 thdu tinh cd la dem ddng khong nha van lam ta gdn gpn mot ni6m hoai cam k h i ngudi thieu mot khdng gian nhd be giiia khong gian bao la Didu ma ta goi la mua xuan dd Khdng tinh dupe tuoi chinh xac ciia mua xuan dii la nha thong thai nhat cac nha thdng thai Nhung cQng cd miia xuan tudi xuan cOa rieng minh, hudng xuat hanh d i u tien k h i budc vao d d i , ndi theo chu nghIa la "nhap the" The gian cd mudn nghin loai hoa, tir hinh dang, mau sac den huong therm, tat ca deu mpc tir dat len, deu hudng chung anh sang mdt mat trdi, ud'ng chung thii nude tudi hay nude 157 ngam, ma khac den th6' B i m t i m , hue trSng, cue vang, hong do, phu dung thay mau, sen ngat, nhai thcfm, Ian thoang, soi l i t i , thuoc dugc dd s6, day huynh leo cao, kho ngai liip xiip, hudng duong biet cir dong, hoa trang moc ducfi nu6c, phong Ian tr6n nui cao Con ngucri c6 the kh6ng, ngucfi lam tho moc, ngudi khac la nong dan, ngir5i lam thay thuoc, c6 chi di buon, CO anh tho dau, c6 bac kien true su, c6 nha chinh t r i , c6 nguai lam tho mac dti deu chung miia xuan, chung dtrng tren true nghieng trai dat va cung tmh phdt giao thira mot tuoi cho minh Phai bao nhi^u tu6i thi doi mat ngirdi m i phan biet duoc la ke "mat xanh", dau la ngu5i "mat trang", k h i la rau ram la mat da tinh cau mat Id ram long may Id lieu la N ^ha tho The' L u , chii soai cua phong trao Tho M i (1932^ 1945) CO cau tho rat hay nhimg bu6n v^ Tet ciia ke tha hucfng khong duoc sum hop vdi gia dinh: tieu chi dep, tau la dong cho chiec banh chung lai la Rii phong suang tren gdc trg mat kh6ng 16, chiec la dao chom chop mat xanh cii den giua Lang nliin thien hg don xuan thang mot lich trang danh hy sinh het de cay lam nu, la cay xau ho hoa rem m i khep lai m i k h i dong gio Tat ca cac loai mat xanh ay khong bao gid xuat hanh ve bat cir phuong nao, cang khong giong nguoi lai tau d i mot chuyen vuot hai nam hay anh phi cong vuot qua m i i i g i d khong gian tham tham bat k^ mua xuan Chua hinh dung rnua xuan nam 2500 sao, liic ta dau hay lang thang vinh v i l n , xuat hanh vinh vi6n? Con bay gio, ruou da mo, dau da chai, xuan da sang, ta nang coc de xuat hanh don mua xuan cung tarn thiic, miia xuan van tu6i vSn khong gia )iudn 2000 158 i - N G A Y SUM HOP GIA DINH ' sang Do la n6i buon vuot qua bang khuang mang man it tai cQa n6i CO don k h i miia xuan ve ma khong c6 than thich ben canh minh de chia bui se ngot, lam a'm ap coi long thuong yeu dam aim M a xira nay, Tet Nguyen Dan, goi tat la Tet, doi vdi ngudi Viet Nam, bao gid cung la nhOng sum hop gia dinh tren tat ca cac niem vui khac Du giau ngheo sao, dii lang bat khap bon phuang trdi, du sd'ng senh sang ao quan, mieng an cao luong my v i , ni6m vui suot sang tran cu5i than dem chang niia, thi k h i Tet den, chanh long nhd den c6 hucmg vdi bao khuon mat men yeu cimg tinh cam nang sau khien khong c6 the cam long, nguoi nhdt, nen da c6 ngudi k h i Tet den, deu diit ao ma d i , di nhCmg doan ducfng ngan dudng dai vuot qua vat va gian nan tau xe khd'n don de tro ve noi dang c6 mot gia dinh ch5 dgi m o i mon mat va tran ngap nh6 nhung 159 Thdi bao cap, gan den Tet, ga xe lira Hang Co da chat Cling ngudi xep hang mua ve va Itn tau, c6 dai dd'n nira Tran Hung Dao de trd que huang an Tet, ma chu an a day la tuong trung, chir thuc que ngheo l l m , mot vai can thjt Ion "an dung" Mot vai chiec banh chimg khong nhan nhung cung hao hiic trd ve, ve de tan huang niem vui hoi am gia dinh, c6 ban thd ngiit ngan nhang khoi, c6 mam ngu qua thorn rat xa, c6 mai toe me gia trang nhu cu6c, c6 miii bo ket tren suoi toe ngudi va da trung nien, nhung tie'ng cudi gion gia ciia IQ tre tha Ma'y nam gin day chiing ta duoc doc mot cud'n sach that hay, mot cuon sach lam ta xao xuyen khong cam duac nuoc mat, la cuon Thuang nhdmudi hai ciia nha van Vu Bang, viet a phfa trdi Nam, thuang ve Ha Noi noi ong tirng c6 ngu5i vg tam man (chu ciia hg VQ) c6 nhilng diia ngoan mong cha bi6n biet ciing bao anh hinh cu the cua nidm Tet da tham vac mau thit m6i nguai Viet Nam Tet Viet Nam da c6 den bdn nghin nam ne'u tin vao truyen thuye't hoang tir Lang Lieu dang Vua Hiing mon banh chung Tet Tet, noi trang trgng nha't, nai dugc chii y nhat gia dinh, noi dugc sira soan ky cang va cung la noi thieng lieng nhat, la ban thd t6 tien, luon sang chung den ne'n va nghi ngut khoi huang su6t nhung Tet de'n Chuan bi cho mam c6 Tet that cong phu, dii giau hay ngheo thi c6 Tet cung rom ra, tir bua c6 tat nien ciing mdi td tien ong ba ve an Tet ciing chau, qua ba Te't, de'n mung bdn, lam mam c6 hoa vang de tiln t6 tien ong ba ve c6i trdi sau da ve vui ciing chau nai tran gian Te't Tir chieu ba muoi, mgi ngudi da te tuu dong dii, khong dugc vang mat, trir 160 nhutig ke kh6ng may khdng ve kip nhu ngudi liJ thii "ru ao phong suong" ciia The LCr Mam cd mung bdn, ggi la cd hoa vang cQng vay, khong dugc vang mat Vgi va di thi cung phai d nha xong h6m rdi mdi dugc di Te't khong phai la di an cam khach hay di nha hang du tiec lien hoan Gia dinh mdi la noi hgp mat, noi the hien tinh mau mii qua'n quit, gan bd Trudc day hau nhu gia dinh nao cung gdi va luge lay ndi banh chung Tet Dem ngdi canh banh cd le la dem Viet Nam v6 Cling dac biet Dd la ddng lira trai danh rieng cho mot gia dinh Cha gia pha am tra, ngdi trudc ddng lira bap bung, cai vay quanh, thinh thoang dd nem trau vao bep lam tung len chiim phao hoa ca hoa cai hay nghe tie'ng phi phi ciia nggn lira thdi tir ciii cd Id mgt, lam cho chiec mam lira ay nhu Idi hat thSm mirng mgi ngudi ddng dii Day la gid phut dn lai cdng chuyen mdt nam qua, nhirng vui budn, bai, nhung chuyen di dai ngan, nhung kinh nghiem nhgc nhan, ke ca chuyen ve mdt xa vang tren dudng gap ghenh Tet khong ve dugc Hanh phiic cho cdn me gia hay ngudi vg dam, ngudi •chi quy em, ba muoi Te't dun ndi nude la rau mui gia tham niic dd ggi dau hay tam tat nien, khdng mdt thii nude hoa nhan tao nao sanh kip huang tham dan da mdc mac ma nhd ddi bang thii nude tam thSn tien Sang miing mgt, van cdn nude mui gia de rira mat, no mdi sang khoai lam sao, no nhu thti thudc t^y he't bui tran ciia nam Cu de' han hoan budc vao xuan mdi Hai tiec la lau tuc gdi banh chung va tam ta't nien bang nude la miii gia dang dan mat di, nhat la d phd 161 Sang s6m mung mot Tet, moi ngu5i gia dinh day sdrm, quan ao chinh te, mod ong ba cha me ngoi len phia tr6n, cai quay quan chuc Tet, bang nhung Idi tot dep nhat nhu song lau tram tudi, khoe manh de sdng cung chau, day d6 chau nen ngudi Nhieu gia dinh mirng tuoi bang tien de lam vui long ong ba cha me Ong ba cha me cung lai vui mirng chuc Tet chau nhu mong lam an phat dat, khoe manh, hoc hanh tan tdi, hay an chong Idn Ong ba cha me se mirng tudi bang tien cho tat ca moi ngudi Tifin khong de phong bao (le phong bao la ciia ngudi Hoa kieu) Ngudi Viet, thudng mirng tudi bang s6 tien tuong trung, khdng nhieu lam, nhung la tien mdi tinh, c6 la gdm nhieu so tien, mdi thi'r mot it, ngu y nam se kiem duoc tat ca cac loai tien nhu the Trudc mirng tudi thudng la ngudi dan ong gia dinh thudng pha mot am tra ngon dat Itn ban thd, trinh thap huang khan vai, cau mong td tien ve an Tet va phu ho cho gia dinh ciing chau sang nam mdi thinh vuang khoe manh Nhung nen nhang luon duac thap tiep de khong phiit nao huong lanh khdi tan sudt ba Tet Thudng den khoang mudi gid, la Ivic cd khach den xdng nha Khach la ngudi than quen, da hen tir nam Khach den, duac gia dinh ddn tiep niem no, chan tinh, chu dao, khach cung hd hdi, vui m.irng, ndi nhung Idi chiic Tet ddy tdt dep Tet la moi dieu d6u phai tdt dep, nen moi ngudi d i l l kieng ndi nhung Idi thd thien, kieng ca danh dd danh vo, nhat la kieng danh mang tre tho Sau tiep khach bang tra ngon, rugu quy banh miit, gia dinh cang tuoi vui de tiln khach v l , mdi la luc moi ngudi 162 xuat hanh, nghia la mdi ngudi di dau theo nhu da udc dinh vdi hoac theo y mudn Cd the den nha ong trudng ho, c6 the len chiia hay dinh, va d phd thi den ca quan chuc Tet anh em ddng chi Ngudi be thi di phd khoe quan ao mdi, chai van dao, den nha ban hoc Ba va me hay chi gai chi dau thudng la ngudi va't va nha't, phai lo lam cd, ma mam cd Tet khong dan gian chiit nao, phai cd du mdn tir dla nom chua cay den dia thit ga, dia gid lua, gid thii, dia xoi gac, dia rau sdng, cho den bat mang, bat mien, bat bong, bat mirc nau, bat ga ham, chua ke phai cd thit dong, ca kho, dia xao thap cam, dia dua hanh bdc non, chua ke c6 chiec banh chung xanh d6u, vuong vuc du biet rang c6 ca nha an cd, cung khong het, nhung thieu la khdng chiu dugc, nhat la ba va me la ngudi chu dao xua nay, luon mudn cai Tet gia dinh phai theo diing tuc le xua truyen lai Duong nhien Tet, chai ruau quy dugc md, mdi ngudi nhap mot ngum cho hdng doi ma de hudng ling mau hoa dao tren ban tig'p khach dang nd ro mau hoa Trong ngay, Ian lugt se c6 nhieu khach den chiic Tet, va ngudi gia dinh cung phai chia di chiic Tet nhilu noi, nhung chieu den, nha't thiet moi ngudi phai ve dong dii de du bua cd chi6u khong dam a'm gan bd Budi tdi la luc vui ve nhat M o i ngudi quay quan I n h den anh nen lung linh, d nong thdn cd diiu thii vi rieng la, cd chiec rom that am ap nhu bao nhieu ndng miia he mua thu dong lai bay gid mdi cd dip toa hoi a'm d^ sudi cho ngudi Ba ngdi nhai trau, 6m chau be vao long Anh chi em gid cd bai tam ciic mdi tinh Choi tay ba la thii vi 163 nhat, cac ngudi khac chau ria A i ket tot den thi n6 nhung trang cudi nhu sa'm Nhung c6 lai c6 tie'ng cu6i khac CO the lam tat ca ngon nen dang bap biing, la tot den nga roi, tudng la an chac khong ngo nha khac lai dd danh doi tot do, the la mat an Co le khong c6 khong nao quy gia va vui tuai bang nhung bu6i toi T6't duoc song khong sum hop dam am nhu th6' Co le vi the ma moi nguoi d6u cho rang Tet Viet Nam la cua gia dinh va tre em, cija hop mat, ciia thuang yeu, ciia hanh phiic dii day chan chiifa Ngay nep song cong nghiep hoa da lam cho nhieu net Tet xua c6 phan phai nhoa di nhieu Co ngudi mai lam an, Tet cung khong ve an Tet ciing cha me v6i cd la Tet khach hang can nhieu hon thudng, hon nua dudng xa dieu vgi, tau xe vat va, nen cai chi gui ti6n ve cho cha me, nghi rang the la dii, ma dau hi€t rang c6 bao nhieu 6ng ba cha me, can su c6 mat ciia nguoi than hon tien bac Nhat la cac em be, cac em dau c6 can nhieu qua banh ma cai cac em cin la tlnh cam ciia ngudi Ion, ciia cha me moi la chii yeu Chung ta khong trach nhung qua ban ron ma khdng the v6 an Tet v6i gia dinh va chung ta cang thuang nhung vi sinh nhai phai tha phuong cau thuc, lam than ngudi lu thii, Te't de'n n6i trai mot than m6t minh, khdng dugfc hudng tron ven khong gia dinh thuong ySu Co le mot nhieu ly t6n tai ciia Te't chinh la vi no la thdi gian va kh6ng gian ciia tinh gia dinh mau mii, xua da th^ va chac sau the' 12-2006 CHdl HOA A T€u qua la phan ngon nhat ciia cay thi hoa la phan dep nhat X V ciia cay ma loai ngudi da bie't chiem lay cho minh Dan toe ta da bie't choi hoa tir lau lam, khdng the xac dinh md'c thdi gian Theo cd giao su Tran Qudc Vuang, nha Tran da mang thii chai hoa Tet tir Nam Dinh Thang Long, va cho hoa Hang Luac - Dong Xuan c6 da han 500 nam Cho de'n nay, nhieu ngudi khong chi choi hoa dip Te't ma thudng cung bie't chai hoa Xem kia, nhieu gia dinh nong dan lang xa, khong c6 dieu kien chai hoa tuai thi Tet de'n, ngudi ta cung c6' mua la'y canh hoa giay xanh do, diem ddng tien bang guong, c6 giay trang kim ong anh, de cam tren ban thd lam hoa thd Thanh thi c6 dieu kien hon, nen hoa tuai c6 mat tran ngap dip Te't, va thudng cung khong thieu Mot quan ban pha, banh cud'n, ciia hang ddng ho, vang bac, cira hang bach hoa CO lo hoa tuoi nho nho Ban thd thd dia nhieu ngdi nha mdi xay, budc vao, nhin xudng chan la thay c6 hoa tuai Thuc ra, hoa a'y la c6 cho cd, c6 de lay le, chir khong gpi la choi hoa duac Cd bao nhieu thii hoa de chai Chai hoa d dau va choi the nao? Cam hoa nha va tang hoa sao? A i cung c6 165 164 the choi, nhimg de thoa man minh, vui long ngudi, c6 Idi khen la CO khieu dau phai d l D i dam cudi khong the mang vong hoa den ma phai mang bo hoa tuoi Tang thudng de noi mot di6u gi c6 chi mot bong, trucmg hop nay, hoa h6ng mdfi la thong le It la caim chudng, khong the la bong hoang Ian, thuac duac hay nhanh hoa ngau Tang sinh nhat, mot bong la kho chap nhan, theo tu6i ma c6 so bong hoa Dang CO phong trao tang iSng hoa, bo hoa ky niem hoac khai trucmg hang chuc ISng dep, c6 ngu5i cho la lang phi T h i l n y: Khong 16n n h i l u canh xoe tron can dd'i, hoa nd diu, tu nu ru6i, nu bop, hoa ban khai, ham tieu, man khai Canh hoa loai mua ve phai ho goc m o i cam vao binh de no khong bi chay nhya, mat dinh duong, c6 the no mdi ben qua Tet Cung la dao, nhung c6 loai dao the, c6 dang la, canh la, the la Do la mot canh cat tir cay, ma cung c6 the la nguyen mot goc cay dao c6i, t y nhien mang dang thdi gian ma cung c6 the la ban tay ngudi nghe nhan udn nan, tao dang theo y mud'n N h u rdng la long giang hay Thang Long N h u canh chim dai bang la anh doc lap Vuon thang la the tryc, hoi nghieng la tiyc xieu, hai goc la phu tu hoac mSu tir, xap x i bang la huynh de dong khoa, nghieng moi canh ve mot phia la bat phong Hoa Tet thi hinh nhu chua bao gib va dau lai dang tran nhu Ha N o i Cho hoa Hang Luge - Hang Ruoi Phan D i n h Phiing - Hang Giay - Quan Thanh da qua tai Nhieu ngu5i da c6 thoi quen tuan IS cuoi nam, khong di chg hoa nua ma keo len Tu: Lien - Nghi Tam - Quang Ba - Phu Thugng l o i xuong "dinh dao" len vao cac ngo nho, ngoc ngach, cac khu vu5n to nho de vijra la t l m hoa vira la ngSm hoa, vira la choi hoa nhu mot chang Tir Thiic, nhu d6i ngu6i L u u Than, NguySn Trieu ty cho minh lac l o i den Thien Thai Tet phai choi hoa dao, tijr dao bfch c6 mau hoa tham den dao phai goi la dao Mong T y mau hong nhat, hoac loai dao canh don goi la dao ta, canh mong manh, mau phot hong nhu mau da that ciia nu trinh Dan lang dang uom giong bach dao, dao hoa trdng, nhung chua cong, hoa it, no chua diing Tet Mcii vai ba nam nay, tren duong A u Co da bat ngan giong mai vang trdng chau ciia mien Nam giri cung nhu dao Nhat Tan da dm Tt va uong nang phuong Nam c6 mat nhieu gia dinh ngudi Sai Gon Trong can phong nhd, chiec ban hep, c6 the dm may bong hoa hdng, ddng tiSn, hay cam chudng thom Co ngudi doc dao, khong cam nhieu ma m d i Ian chi cam mot bong, mot bong tuoi roi nhung nhat Hoa la cai dep, nhu tinh y6u, ddi khiem ton, i m lang mdi thieng lieng, va nhu trai t i m , dau can nhieu Mot la du M o t m d i quy Phan Icfn ngudi Ha N o i choi canh dao tron, goi la dao nom v i no nhu cai nam ca lat ngugc, mot goc that t h i n g vuon Ngudi ky tinh, choi hoa thudng xuyen, khdng bao g i d cam mot loai hoa lien hai Ian nha, neu hdm cam hong, thi 166 T u thudng den Tet, hoa Ha N o i da thoa man cho moi yeu ci.u Tuy theo each hieu ma ngudi ta long tieng noi cho hoa Hoa hong la tinh yeu trai gai Cam chudng la tham thiet, biet on Hoa hue la Idng lanh, hoa nhai la tinh t i i , hoa sen la thieng lieng, thugc dugc la ndng dugm, dong tien la hanh phiic Cue dai la ngudi quan tir, cue trang la trinh bach (vdi nude khac, hoa ciic la c6 the ngugc lai, mang chet c h o c ) glaieul ggi ndm la hoa don la quy phai sang trong, pang xe la thuong nhd, cue bach nhat t i m la ben lau, hoa dai vang khong choi ma chi lam hang rao va lam vdng hoa (vi no c6 nhya doc), hoa t i gon la tim vo, that tinh 167 mai phai la hoa thuoc duoc, la hoa sen, khac la ca-me, khac nCta la ciic de cam giac luon duoc thay doi, lu6n m i la, va hoa khong bao gicr cu, no luon la m i Binh hoa la guong mat cua can phong No hoi heo thi cung chang tiec ma can bo d i Neu khong co dieu kien kiem hoa m o i thi doi cam mot nhanh la cung tao niim than, tuoi v u i , mot nhanh duong si, mot canh la mang, mot day van nien co nhieu ngudi thich choi nhu the T i l xa xua co dau luon phai m bo hoa trang Lau nhap cuoc vcfi the g i i , nhidu co gai m bo hoa t6ng hop nhieu mau, C O C O vang co t i m Th5i dai m i , danh chap nhan Choi hoa la choi huong thorn, hinh dang va mau sSc M i ngu5i mot so thich, khong the ap dat Ngudi thich do, ngudi no ua trang, ngudi khac yeu t i m V a tiec sao, co nhung loai hoa C O sac ma kh6ng huong nhu hoa dao, hoa true dao, co loai co huong ma kh6ng sac nhu hoa moc, hoa hoang Ian, neu duoc nhu sen, nhu hong vira co sic vira co huong thi that quy Da co giai doan nha Chua ho Trinh kh6ng ua ba Tuyen phi Dang T h i Hue vi loai hoa hue trung ten la loai kh6ng co ket qua bao g i d , so se lam lung lay ng6i chiia Qua co the Co ngan loai hoa thi co ngan each choi hoa Mot b6ng hoa budi tiii ao, mot b6ng ngoc Ian goi, mot bong hoa nhai cai tren mai toe, mot b6ng hdng qua dung trau, mot canh dao Tet, mot canh phong Ian trang gio A i cung c6ng nhan rang choi hoa la thii choi tao nha nhat, sang nhat, lieh su nhat ^ Hau nhu Tet, hoa la m6t phan kh6ng the' thieu cua m6i nha, mdi ngudi Con choi the nao thi thien hinh van trang, nhan tarn thich 2002 168 K H O I HUONG T / i e t Nam tir xira tdi eo phong tuc thd ciing t6 tien, ong V ba cha me, v i the ma nha ciing danh ch6 trang nhat lam ban thd Vat duoc quy nhat la bat huong Ngay ram, miing mot, gi6, Tet, bat huong la noi cam huong (con gpi la nhang) khoi thom boc len nghi ngut, thorn ngat Ngon lira, den hoae nen cung Iu6n co mat tren ban thd, lira tugng trung cho vinh eiru, noi ngudi vdi t6 tien ngudi xua Huong duoc thap len, khoi lam bay ra, no se la tam linh mang Idi nguyen cau kha'n khira ciia ngudi dang sd'ng den vdi coi u huyen • menh mang, mong ngudi xua chirng giam cho coi the nay, v6 phu ;h6 tri cho chau manh khoe, thoa Idi cau nguyen, an nen lam ra, hoe hanh tan tdi, may man, thinh vuong Co the dat tren ban thd c6 ban linh dinh, du mon ehay, mon man, mon sang, mon quy, nhimg cung co the chi la chen nude trong, bong hoa tuoi don gian, tinh khiet, ma k h i so khoi huong tea u6'n luon nhu dang bay v6 trdi, la long ngudi yen tam, than va tin rang ngudi xua da ve, da nghe thay nguyen eau ciia chau Neu lang nao cung co chua thd Phat, co dinh thd hoang, CO den mieu thd chu thanh, hoae nha thd v d i thap chudng cao voi thd Chua, thi m i can nha vdi ban thd nhieu d6 169 thor tu hoac dcfn so chi c6 bat hirong, ngon nen, cay den la noi ngu5i cam thay minh c6 noi than yeu de giri gam tarn linh v6i niem tin la to tien v l n luon hien dien voi minh, khien gia dinh minh cang hanh phuc yen vui hon Ngoi nha c6 truyen Viet Nam thu5ng la ba gian hai trai, hoac nam gian hai trai hoac nhi6u gian hon nila, bao gi5 gian giira cung la noi dat ban thcf Nha kha gia c6 ban thcf la hirong an, son son thep vang, bo tam su (gdm bat phong, chan den dinh) bang g6 son then hoac bang dong, roi binh hoa, lo cam huong, dai nu6c, khung anh phii nhiSu di6u, ke ca hop dung bang sac vua ban cho cu to ddi thii bao nhieu nha ngheo, chi la hai tre bac ngoam vao hai cot tren la giat tre ken lai, ciing it 6i, nhung la tam long ciia chau nghl den to ti6n vdi niem biet on va sung kinh Ifha to, chiia thi chi thap huong tram hay huong vdng, ma it thap huong den Nha phd, nhieu gia dinh dii chat chdi cijng sap xep de CO mot gian gac tren ciing lam gian thd, chi it thi cung treo mot cai xfch ddng, cd bat huong la chii yeu, va thap huong nhieu, nen tran nha phia tren dd cd mot viing khdi am rat rd la nhieu nen huong da thap len d day qua nam thang Thd cung to tien khdng he la me tin di doan Dd la niem tin, la su biet on, la tam linh sau tham ciia ngudi, mot phan ddi song tinh than khdng the thieu cua ngudi Dd la sir hudng ve coi ngudn, khdng bao gid cu ca, ma nen huong vdi Ian khdi bay len chinh la chiec cau noi hai bd tam linh va thuc tai ay 2006 Neu khdng thap huong thi khong ban tho, khong budi 16, buoi ciing Khoi huong la tau dua tam linh ngudi song den v6i ngudi xua, no la tau ndi hai th6' gidi, the gidi tran gian va the gidi u huyen Huong CO nhi6u thii: Huong tram cd miii thom ndng, huong den cd mui thorn ngat, thudng chi diing cho Tet, huong vdng thom thoang, mot vong cd the chay mot chua het Xa xua ngon den lom rom thap bang dau lac, chi can anh lira cho them linh thieng ma khong can nd toa sang, sau den ngon den hoa ky liu riu nhu hat dd Cung cd the thay ngon den bang cay nen trSng hay nen dd, nd leo let, bap biing cang th6m lung linh cho gian nha a'm ciing lam xao xuyen hdn ngudi Trudc day, nha thd Cong giao chi thap nen, giao dan cung theo dd ma chi thdp nen, da cd thay doi, nha giao dan cung cd quyen thap huong thay cho anh nen Dinh lang cd the thap huong den cam vao nhung binh huong bang sii bang ddng 170 T I E N MlfNG TUOI ~'et la md ddu cho mot nam, cung la mdi ngudi duoc trdi da't cho them mot tudi, ba't ke ngudi dd la ai, giau ngheo, sang hen hoac tre gia, d ndng thdn hay thi Tet la thieng lieng va quy bau, vi vay moi ngudi ludn cd nhirng Idi chiic Tet de mong cung duoc hanh phuc, may man, khoe manh, tan tdi Ngoai nhilng Idi chuc Tet thdng thudng, thi ngudiViet Nam cdn cd phong tuc dep xua nay, dd la mimg tudi, mimg tudi bang Idi ndi va mimg tudi bang hien vat, ma cu the la tien goi la tien mimg tudi Khdng mimg tudi bang nhirng hien 171 vat cong kinh, kho mang nhu mimg dam cuai, va n6'u chi mimg tu6i bang 16i noi thoi cung khong hoan loan la mimg tudi Ngay mimg tuoi da c6 chut bien tuong, x i n noi Idi sau ^ Trudc het mimg tuoi chii yeu la nhung ngu5i than v6i nhau, gia dinh thi chau mimg tu6i ong ba cao nien, roi ngudi cao nien lai mimg tuoi nguoi 16n, ma uu tien nhat la nhOtig ngirdi be tiic tu6i thieu nien va nhi dong, vcfi nhung 15i tot dep nhu hay an chong \dn, hoc hanh tan t6i, khoe manh Tien mimg tuoi khong bao gid la so tien Icfn, c6 menh gia qua to, ma chi la nhung t5 bac le, menh gia thap hoac la dong xu dong dieu, ddng chinh dong thau, mot xu la mot phan tram ciia mot d6ng bac, dong chinh la nira xu Kha gia hon mot chut thi tien mimg tuoi la bac giay, khong dung phong bao mau do, ma dua true tiep bang tay cho Tuc le cho tien vao phong bao goi la l i x i la cua ngudi Trung Quoc, ngu5i Hoa kieu Ian truydn sang ngu5i Viet Nam Cac cu gia mimg tu6i cho chau thudng la diing nhung t5 giay bac that m i , chua c6 nep gap nao, va gom nhieu loai t i l n c6 menh gia khac nhau, de ngu y rang sang nam mcfi, tudi m d i , se c6 nhi6u loai tien nhu the cuoc song Con tre em duoc may dong xu tien mimg tudi thi vui mimg, xau no vao rai rut de danh, hoac chay dau lang dau phd, mua nam miit triing chim ma nhai lach rach, hoac mua vai phao tep, phao chuot hay may soi phao day (con gpi la phao hoa ca hoa cai) dot len khong cd tie'ng nd ma chi no nhung bong hoa nhieu mau sac nhu hoa ca hoa cai vui mat va Ian khdi thom day phong v i Tet, ma ngudi Idn kh6ng cam doan Cd em ngheo, cdn de danh bd dng, gieng mua cue tay, chie'c but chi day niem v u i Nha tho Hoang Cam m6t bai tho Tet cd nhan de la "Danh tam cue", cd cau: Diia duac chinh chuyen xiing xodng Dua thua ddo gd ngodi them 172 Chinh la noi ve ma'y em be nha ngheo, khong duoc chin ria dam choi tam cue, phai r i i dau he, ma ddng xu ddng chinh noi rai rut quan dung dua theo nhip budc chan nhu the Sang mimg mot Tet, sau day, rira mat bang nude ndng cd la mill gia cho thom tho, quan ao cung da chinh te, thi viec mimg tudi bat dau gia dinh la cong viec dau tien Ong ba cao nien duoc m d i ngdi len chd trang nha't nha de cac chau quay quan xung quanh mimg nam mdi va mimg tudi cac cu Lien sau dd la ong ba mimg tudi lai cho cac cac chau, vira la Idi chiic Tet vijfa trao tien mimg tudi Ong ba thudng da het lao dong, khong hie'u nhtmg t d giay bac mdi tinh ay, cac cu de danh tir bao gid, bay g i d trao vao tay cac cac chau, gia t r i vat chat khong la bao, nhung gia t r i tinh than that Idn lao, dd la tam long v i tha, thom thao cua the' he di trudc trao giri, hy vong vao the he sau, nen tien mimg tudi mang day y nghia tuong trung ma thieng lieng quy bau Khach den xong nha, chiic Tet, cung thudng chaun bi m6t it tien de mimg tudi cho chii nha NhiJng em be da mac quan ao dep, mat m u i chan tay sach se Khach thudng khong mung tudi bang tien cho ngudi Idn Va chii nha cQng dap le, mimg tudi cho nhd cua khach di theo, ma khong mimg tudi bang tien cho khach Nhieu k h i chuyen chi la trao mot each than tinh, so tien mimg tudi l l n chii va khach la bang nhau, khong nhidu hon, ft hon, nhimg cung hd h d i , vui ve, va khOng cd chuyen tinh thiet hon bao gid Thdi bao cap, cuoc sdng da thay ddi, thay ddi ca m6t so phong tuc, tien mimg tudi cung bi coi la lac hau, la khong nen cho tre em tie'p xuc vdi ddng tien, nen nd bi roi vao quen lang, khong mitag tudi nira, ke ca ngudi cao nien vdi cac chau be Phai den thdi ky ddi m d i , ddi sdng duoc nang len ro ret, ddi 173 song tinh than cung khong bi go bo, va cac phong tuc cu duoc sang loc, tuc le mirng tuoi mdi dugc phuc h6i Tuy nhien, v i no gan lien voi cuoc song hien dai, co che thj truong di theo, c6 doi truong hop phien long Do la liic nguoi nhan vien di chiic Tet cap tren, mirng tu6i so tiSn qua i t , cau am ong can bo lien venh mat, keu ram len la " f t the, khong them" lam ca chu va khach deu nguong ngung, be bang, ngo ngan L a i cung didn nhiSu hinh thiic m6i khac Ngudi ta loi dung phong tuc mimg tudi de trao ddi cho nhung td bac bang ngoai te, c6 menh gia Ion di ngam tra gia cho m6t c6ng viec nao do, nen mdi c6 nhung chuyen nhu mot vai ong can bo no m o i duoc de bat, nhan Tet, mang nop cho Nha nucfc so tien mimg tuoi hang nghin trieu d6ng, nhung cung oai oam thay, chi m6t nam dau thoi, nhung nam sau khong thay nop Ian nao niJa Vay nhirng nam sau khong c6 tien mung tudi, hay c6 ma no bi im d i , dieu that oan u6ng cho mot phong tuc dep va vui C O tir nghin xua - KIENG T et la lanh, la thang tdt A i cung mudn sir tdt lanh a'y cd mat thudng xuyen vdi mitih, gia dinh minh, va no cang d lau dai cang tdt V i the ma xua nay, cd tuc kieng Tet Kieng cd phai la hii tuc, la me tin di doan khong? Cd the ndi ngay, hoan toan chi la mot viec tdt, dang lam, khong he cd g i la me t i n , nham nhi Sang mung mot, kieng danh dd danh v5 Dung qua D d v d cai g i cQng khong nen, bat luan to nhd the nao, ke ca thudng cung vay thoi Tir mot cai chen udng nude, chiec bat an com de'n chiec lo hoa cd, chiec binh pha le quy gia dd v d Chang xdt rudt lam sao, phai bd tien ma mua sdm bii vao Thuc chat cua d6ng tien diing vao viec mimg, no la sir tuong trimg la chinh, the hien tam long ngudi (ma truoc het la tinh than ai) voi la chinh Ngay nay, tir thi den nong thon, mimg tuoi bang tien van dang dien a moi noi nhan Tet Xin nhac lai la mimg tuoi la dua tien true tiep chii khong diing phong bao giay nhu ngudi Trung Hoa hay Hoa kieu, ma nhirng thu phong bao c6 ban kha nhieu vao cudi nam a Hang Ma hoac giua long cho hoa xuan hop den chieu ba muoi Tet Kieng ndi Idi thd tuc, sd sang, x6 xien, canh khoe, chiri bdi, nhuc ma ngudi khac, tre em khong duoc ndi bay Nhung dieu dd thi thudng cQng cSn t r i va phat huy, chang cu g i Tet Va kieng dd diing la phong tuc hay, dang theo, nen hudng dan cho ca tre em lam theo de gia dinh tdt dep them, xdm gieng doan ket, xa hoi tdt lanh Dang qua chii Trong moi trudng hop ciia ddi song, ddng tien khong c6 Idi bao g i d , chi c6 ngudi kie'm tien va tieu ti6n mot each khong chinh dang mdi la ke c6 Idi Ddng tien phong tuc m.ung tudi, mimg cho mdi ngudi duoc dat trdi trao them mot tudi m d i , cung khong he cd I d i , no la pham v i m^t phong tuc C O tir xua, cd le khong nen bai bac no vay Cd noi, cd gia dinh kieng lira, c i i di ngu la phai tat he't huong nen, xem lai be'p niic Tuc le kieng xem khong la kieng nua ma trd nep sdng v6 cung can thiet de tranh hoa hoan, ma hoa hoan thi nhu ta da bie't la mot bdn tai hoa khiing khiep cua ngudi: Thiiy, Hoa, Dao, Tac Chi giay lat, C O nghiep may khdi 'O'TS'- 174 175 CQng CO nhung tuc le kieng khac nhu kieng di v6 hucmg hu6ng no Kieng gap mot cai gi tren dudng Kieng an mot mon gi vao dau nam nhu c6 vung kieng an thit cho, vung khac kieng an thit vit, viing khac nua kieng an toi vao Te't Co le la tan du cua mot th6i xua cQ, va lau dan, tro thoi quen, khong loi gi nhung cung khong hai gi, nen ta ching can hk be, chang can go bo Mot mat nua dang chii y la moi dieu kieng ky Tet cung chinh la ren giua, giao due y thiic cho 16p tre tho, nen doi xir the nao nghy Tet, chang han khong noi trdng khong, khong vang tuc, khong chiri bay, chui the, khong noi chuyen rung rem bua c5, khong noi nham truoc mat khach Ne'p song m6i, hien dai cung chi la phat huy nhung dieu xua goi la kieng 2002 CHO QUE PHIEN AP TET M 6i muoi nam gan day, d mot s6' Idn m6i c6 khai niem "sieu thi", thuc chat la nhiJng cai cho hien dai, C O dii cac loai hang hoa cin thiet, sang trong, dat gia bay nhung can nha that 16n, c6 may di^u hoa nhiet d6, c6 may tinh tien, c6 cac c6 "xinh nhu mCng" diing rai rac cac goc cac quSy vira la de bao ve hang hoa cung vira la d^ sSn sang phuc vu cac "thucmg de"" 176 Nhung tram neo dudng que tit xu6i len nguoc, n^ng thang mua, mua xuan miia vSn dang c6 nhung phien cho que hop hang ngay, hop m6i thang phien, hop I6ng cho lop xi mang, ca noi bai trong, nhung cai tup leu phai cui xuong m6i chui chui vao duoc, phia sau che bang manh cot, cai nong mat cap, manh chieu, nam rom iv Chua xac dinh xem nhung phien cho que ay sinh tir nam thii bao nhieu ciia the' ky nao nhimg c6 rat nhieu diem gidng nhau, cho nao cung c6 Trudc he't la nhimg ngudi di cho, ao quan lam lu, luc nao cung voi vang, hoi ha, sSn sang mac ca de mua re dugc timg xu, chan di dat, dau doi non me, ao va vai, that limg con, "gay mua cu" loi biia di bun nhao nhu banh due khong so in chan Khong the di cho ma khong an qua, bat banh diic rieu, h i & keo bet, chiec banh ran mat, mieng banh da ke, tain mia, cii a'u, bat canh bat da, met bun cham mam t6m ne'u la dan "ng thi CO hang moc t6n goc cho dang ch5, rugu rot bat, vao ang thi di ngan, o hang di thi lao dao phimg phimg Cho nao cung c6 han mot khu ban dii loai qua, khong c6 cao 3ng my vi, khong qua dat do, de cung c6 the vao da'y ma _6ng anh huong gi den chiec that lung bao c6 ti phdng phong Con ngudi ban? Khu hang kho, khu hang tam la sach se hat, khu hang xen c6 nhieu c6 gai dep nhat, noi nhu tho •Hoang CSm: Nhung CO hang xen rang den • v' • ) v' Nu cudi nhu miia thu tod ndng Canh la khu ga vit hdi ham, 6n ao, nao vit keu, ga gay, cho siia Ion un in, c6 doi ba cho c6 tieng ngua hi, bo rong 177 Canh khu vuc do, la manh da't 16 thien, nhimg tap nap 6n ao khong kem A n h danh giam vira den, chi nha chai mdi a s6ng len Cua d6 chau hay gio, ca tre den n h l y , ca ro vang uom, ca chep ca ngao ngap, ca sop, chuoi hoa boj l o i , md tep nhay tach hay da t r i n g minh, i m lang Ngay miia, d6ng dong vang cho, khu "tuoi song" nhon nhip, nhung chi loang mot cai da mua xong, ban xong, v6 v d i tho gat lang xa hoi K h u hang nan that phong phii nhung lai khong r6n rang dong khach Nao ro ra, nong nia, nao gian sang, thimg chao, ca cot ca met, ca gio dung cua, cot quay vit dan, timg bo don ganh dung ben nhung dong chieu ngon ngon, thu da vao cau do, loai tuc giang rang: Dang dong buoi cha tuop theo thdi gian, no cung gia nhu chu nhan, no 16m vao khuc giua nhu cai chay Ba trau v6 ngoi day da bao lau, kh6ng biet, c6 k h i da nghin nam, may nghin nam Co k h i ba gia nhu tu6i cay da phia cuoi chgf, toa bong xuong ngoi mid'u c6, khong biet thd ai, nhung nhung soi ri phu thi soi nao cung lung lang nhung " n g " binh voi, c6 " o n g " khong ch6 ma du dua thi nam vao than da, ch6 c6 cai ngach, ch6 l o i 16m thd thdi gian Canh ba triu v6, lai cung khong the thieu duoc ba ban vang huong, den nen Vang h6, vang hoa, mu ong Cong ong Tao Huong the, huong bo, huong vong, thii den, loai do, thir ngat, loai n6ng Nen thi tirng doi hoac bo cay Ca nhung dong ti6n Anh loi toi ve vang, nhung thoi vang thoi bac, loe \tn anh sang miia len Anh ngii vdi toi Cur xem y t i i Ivtng cau ma xem, dung la chiec chieu chii la g i duoc nua, hoac cai vong t h i : CO CO gan Khong chdn khong tay Khong may khong mat Mat bon chung quanh minh N6i that tlnh em khong c6 miii Vong day, chinh la cai vong day Qua khu virc nay, doi k h i ta ngiri thay m i i i b6 hong thoang thoang da am vao cai ro, chiec don ganh, doi quang tre 178 gan cong cho Ba chi c6 chiec v6 de chat cay vo chay, v6 da Anh v6 lung toi Anh thap den Hai Co cho que nao lai thieu duoc ba hang triu v6 ng6i dong, ngudi vao chen chiic, ciii xuo'ng mua hang Cac sieu thi chac chSn kh6ng the c6 ba cu ban trau v6, ban ciia ba cu ban vang huong lau d6i va than tinh nhu the Do chinh la nhung nguoi Viet Nam thuan phac nhat, rang den, khan vuong khan van, that lung bao, nhai trau bom bem Sieu thj chac cung kh6ng the c6 hang banh due rieu cua, hang chao duong an voi banh due luoi meo, hang ngo bung (chua hoan toan la xoi liia nhu a pho), du rang sieu thi c6 day dii son phan thom lung, nu6c hoa hao hang, hop, tra goi, ao quan nhung lua, giay dep tan ky Bao nhieu thdi gian da phii len mai cho nhu bao nhieu miia la da, la bang, la xoan tay roi day 16p ma muc, lorp ngoi x6 nhimg phien cho que mua nang? Khong thi gio ban ti'nh ma doan cung nhu khong the gio so ke toan ma Vf; Co le nhCrng phien ap Tet, cho que mdi thi hien he't minh timg dot gio mua dong bac cam cam Tranh Dong Ho cang len vach, bay la liet tren mat dat, chan bang hon gach vo, da cu dau, chiec dep dut quai Hang chudi, hang budi cung ng6n ngon tren mat dat, chiing may v i c6 rom lot dudi, c6 k h i rom dugc thay bang la chuoi kho tu6c nho cho em cho am tru6c di d6n cac gia dinh don Tet m i mua xuan Q i o que la n6i nhcf ciia bao tarn long xa qu6, doi doan thang nam, khong dt vt tham, den Tet ve que, thi cho da tan, da tan, da van phien chi de lai nhiJng chiec quan tr6ng tuenh hoang vang, lam xao xuyen ca gio thoi tir phuong trdi xa la den day r6i luan quan chang biet vt dau Situ thi t h i hinh nhu khong thS' Sieu thi la lanh liing, la v6 cam, la ban mua xong thi thoi, den cua tra tien la xong, la cham dut Chang ngudi mua ngudi ban, ngudi chu sieu thi ngoi d noi nao do, biet ten nhau, hoi tham xem liia Igm nai sao, vudn cai nd h6t hoa chua, cay man goc vudn nam c6 nd hoa khong Phai chang chg que la mot phan ciia cai ngheo luu cuu do, khong nude hoa, son pha'n, nS'u c6 huong thom thi chi la tir bong hoa budi, hoa nhai, bong hoa sen, hoa ngau hoac thorn tir nggn rau hiing rau ngd hang qua goc chg, ma ngudi an c i i tha h6 x i xup, thoai mai chang ngugng ngiing Sieu thi c6 nhieu ngudi mac vay Chg que cung timg c6 thdi ky nhieu ngudi mac vay, chi c6 dieu hai loai vay a'y khac nhau, phia chiec vay, ta'm ao la mot tarn hdn n h u the nao, ta khd ma doan dinh hay k6't luan cho song Chg que phien cud'i nam, hang mudi dat hang, ngudi mua chen dong nghit Hang voi cung khong chiu kem thua, tir vdi cue cho " d n g " binh voi, cho qua dao dung v6i deo kem sgi xa tich gai que lang tinh, den vdi bgt rac san rac ranh Diing la: Dau nam mua muoi, cud'i nam mua voi Mua mudi dau nam hay>j trudc dau nam may ngay, la ghien ap Tet; Tet khong the sangij nha hang xdm vay diim mudi V d i cung the, quel lai buc vachjj ve cung ten cho khoang san th6m dep, tdng v f sinh cdngn ranh, quet vao goc cay luu nien vira cho sang sQa vira de chdng Chang vao sieu t h i d^ t i m chg tinh, de an bat thang c6, sau bg nhat cir ludng tien Chg que se minh ra, dem hdn minh,, chang tiim duoi ngya vao day, v i d day chi c6 to va xe tang cho mgi ngudi, tang cho cac nga dudng ve thdn ban gan xa,n may, ngira biet buoc vao dau canh toan ngudi la CO dudng mdn hay neo bd de, c6 khuc ddi quanh co hay con: ngudi, khong ke qua nhieu tieng Tay, tir ten hang den Idi sdng mang, cd luy tre don doc hay cay dudi um tum chg que chi dSn, cai loa phat trd thdi gian, que huong, ndi nhd, m d i Nhung phien chg que khong c6 dien, khong c6 kinh guong, siic song, bin cua no lai trudng ton lam vay? Lang CO luy tre xanh, lang c6 ngoi dinh, mai chiia, lang c6 gifeng nude goc da chg que, ngudi xua noi: Gidu gidu chu khong gid'u ducfc ngheo 180 tinh sau nang, khong mot cd the xoa nhoa, quen lang Cd vao sieu thi de tam tinh, de lang sau ky niem khdng nhi? Nhung d i chg que lai khac, nd niem am anh thieng lieng ciia bao ngudi Viet Nam tir c6 chi k i m , nhat la dugc ve chg que phien ap Tet 2002, 181 ... ciing ngo hem rimg sau niii cao den vting bidn phai an to noi 16 n va thi ph6n hoa tung bung Ngudi Trung Hoa va Hoa Kieu cd tuc "11 x i " nghia la mimg ludi bang chiec phong bao giay do, dung... Dem 26, chi sau 16 Thien chua giang sinh, bao nhieu giao hixu vira r d i nha thd, Idng f 'hoat ma ba muoi nam, nghe c6 ve xa xoi nhung vdi ngudi -L Ha N o i thi thang 12 nam 19 72 khong bao gio... liic 11 gid ba muoi dem ba muoi Tet la mot ong gia lu khu, da c6 so tuoi trieu, nghin trieu, v6i bo rau v6ng quanh trai dat k i n ca niii cao va dai duong ma chua het, c6n phiit dau tien sau 12