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Vấn đề giữ gìn, phát huy giá trị văn hóa ứng xử với môi trường tự nhiên của các dân tộc thiểu số ở Tây Nguyên hiện nay.Vấn đề giữ gìn, phát huy giá trị văn hóa ứng xử với môi trường tự nhiên của các dân tộc thiểu số ở Tây Nguyên hiện nay.Vấn đề giữ gìn, phát huy giá trị văn hóa ứng xử với môi trường tự nhiên của các dân tộc thiểu số ở Tây Nguyên hiện nay.Vấn đề giữ gìn, phát huy giá trị văn hóa ứng xử với môi trường tự nhiên của các dân tộc thiểu số ở Tây Nguyên hiện nay.Vấn đề giữ gìn, phát huy giá trị văn hóa ứng xử với môi trường tự nhiên của các dân tộc thiểu số ở Tây Nguyên hiện nay.Vấn đề giữ gìn, phát huy giá trị văn hóa ứng xử với môi trường tự nhiên của các dân tộc thiểu số ở Tây Nguyên hiện nay.Vấn đề giữ gìn, phát huy giá trị văn hóa ứng xử với môi trường tự nhiên của các dân tộc thiểu số ở Tây Nguyên hiện nay.Vấn đề giữ gìn, phát huy giá trị văn hóa ứng xử với môi trường tự nhiên của các dân tộc thiểu số ở Tây Nguyên hiện nay.
HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS LE THI HONG HANH MAINTENANCE ISSUES, PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES IN DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS THE CURRENT SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS Major: Dialectical materialism and historical materialism Code: 922 90 02 HA NOI - 2022 The thesis is completed at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Supervisors: Assoc Prof., Dr Nguyen Thi Nga Dr Tran Sy Duong Reviewer 1: Reviewer 2: Reviewer 3: The thesis shall be defended in front of the Thesis Committee at Academy Level at the Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics At hour date year 2022 The thesis can be found at the National Library and The Library of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics INTRODUCTION The necessity of the thesis At the 13th National Congress of Deputies (in 2021), in the socio-economic development strategy for the period 2021-2030, Our Party clearly states: “Maximizing advantages of regions and regions; harmonious development between economy and culture, society, environmental protection and adaptation to climate change; interested in creating favorable conditions for policy beneficiaries, people with meritorious services, the poor, disadvantaged people, ethnic minorities” The Party's view of sustainable development is based on the awareness and application of the harmonious relationship between nature, society, and people, ensuring a balance between economic development and environmental protection However, during development, there are still limitations in dealing with the behavioral relationship between humans and the natural environment in our country and left many serious consequences such as depletion of natural resources, pollution of the living environment, and climate change Controlling, preventing, and limiting the increase in pollution, overcoming environmental incidents; sustainable use of natural resources; protecting the biodiversity of ecosystems,… become more prominent than ever The Central Highlands is a special territory of Vietnam a long-standing survival area of the brother ethnic community, located in the center of the Indochina peninsula It has a diverse and rich natural environment compared to other regions in the country and is one of the areas rich in forest resources in Vietnam, especially natural forests The Central Highlands in the past as well as today is the meeting place of many populations, a place of cultural exchange of many ethnic groups, therefore, the Central Highlands ethnic groups and the Central Highlands culture are a colorful picture Talking about the traditional culture of the Central Highlands, people immediately think of the cultural characteristics of ethnic minorities such as Ba Na, Gia Rai, Ede, M'nong, Co Ho and Ma - ethnic groups who have lived for decades in the highlands of the great thousand, this sunny and windy place contains many traditional cultural values, customs, practices, festivals Among those cultural values, it is impossible not to mention the culture of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands However, in recent times, the culture of dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands has changed greatly from a relationship of harmonious behavior, respect and protection have turned to exploitation, making full use of nature to serve the socioeconomic development of their nation What their grandparents and ancestors left behind for thousands of generations and preserved for the next generation like a source of water, watershed forests, land now these values have gradually disappeared Currently, forests and land in the Central Highlands have been severely damaged by humans, which directly affects the living environment Forests are lost, soil fertility is reduced, watersheds are depleted, and in the rainy season, the stream is cloudy In the hot and dry season, it is sometimes difficult to find a shade tree Writer Nguyen Ngoc - who has done much research on the Central Highlands, once worried that if the forests were lost, the culture of the Central Highlands would also be destroyed or degraded, because in its essence, the Central Highlands culture is the forest culture, so “loss of the forest is the loss of the culture of the Central Highlands” Stemming from the need for sustainable development, from the need to preserve and promote the unique values of the Central Highlands culture, especially the culture of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, there have been much research works approaching from different angles, but so far approaching research from a philosophical perspective, there has not been any in-depth research on this issue Hence the question needs to be preserved to promote the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in the current situation, so we choose “Maintenance issues, promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands the current” research topic for PhD thesis in Philosophy Research purpose and research task 2.1 Research purposes Based on theoretical analysis, the current situation and problems of preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands today, the thesis proposes the views, and basic solutions to preserve, and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands towards the goal of sustainable development 2.2 Research task To accomplish the above purpose, the research tasks of the thesis are: Firstly, an overview of the research works related to the preservation promotes the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands today, on that basis points out the issues the thesis continues to research and elucidate further Secondly, clarify the theoretical issues of preserving, and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Thirdly, analyze the situation of preserving, and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands the current; thereby clarifying some issues raised from the situation Fourthly, propose some views and solutions to preserve, and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in the coming time 3 Research subject and research scope 3.1 Research subject The research object of the thesis is to preserve and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands 3.2 Research scope Scope of research content: The thesis researches the issue of preserving, and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands today based on the point of view of dialectical materialism and historical materialism On that basis, the thesis draws out existing problems and proposes solutions to contribute to preserving, and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, which are expressed through the culture of dealing with shifting cultivation, plants, and animals; culture of dealing with forests; culture of dealing with water and land resources Spatial scope: Studying the status of conservation, promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment through the case of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Which, the thesis focuses mainly on some long-standing local ethnic groups in the Central Highlands such as the Ede ethnic group residing mainly in Dak Lak, the Gia Rai ethnic group resides mainly in Gia Lai, the M'nong ethnic group mainly resides in Dak Nong, the Ba Na ethnic group resides mainly in Kon Tum, the Xodan and Ma ethnic groups reside in Lam Dong Time scope: Researching the issue of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands from 1986 to the present Theoretical basis, practical basis, and research methodology 4.1 Theoretical basis The thesis is carried out based on the views of Marxism-Leninism; Ho Chi Minh's thoughts and the Vietnamese Communist Party's views on the relationship between man and nature, and culture in dealing with the natural environment of man In addition, the thesis also inherits some results obtained from scientific works in the field of science and technology and abroad that have been published directly related to the thesis topic 4.2 Research methodology To accomplish the stated research objectives and tasks, the author of the thesis uses the general methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, at the same time using popular scientific research methods are: Historical and logical method: This method is used by the thesis author to analyze, and the commentary and clarifies the concept, content, and values of cultural behavior in response to the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Historical and logical methods are also used to clarify the current status of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment the current how has it changed compared to the previous traditional society of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands The method of analysis and synthesis: Is the method commonly used by the author in the thesis The use of analytical methods helps the thesis author to clarify and generalize the content, thereby building the conclusions of the research process Method of abstraction: With the research method of science when considering things, phenomena in a unified whole need to be abstracted into aspects, and relationships to clarify the research content in the thesis Therefore, when implementing the thesis, the thesis author often uses this method to separate the main aspects related to the natural environment in order to highlight the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment expressed in production in dealing with forests, land, and water resources of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Scientific forecasting method: Mainly used in chapter to forecast requirements to raise awareness of conservation, promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands New scientific contributions of the thesis The thesis has contributed to clarifying the general theoretical issues of cultural behavior with the natural environment; content, subject, method of preservation, promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands; specify the factors affecting the problem of preservation, promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands today Based on the analysis of the current situation of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, the thesis has pointed out some problems posed in the process of preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands The thesis initially proposed several key solutions to improve the efficiency of preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in the coming time Theoretical and practical contribution of the thesis 6.1 Scientific significance of the thesis The thesis contributes to clarifying some theoretical and practical issues of preserving, and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in particular and in Vietnam in general The thesis can be a useful research document for the social sciences and humanities, especially for students, students, and researchers who are interested in philosophy and cultural issues 6.2 The practical significance of the thesis The research results of the thesis contribute to providing scientific arguments for the Central Highlands region to have orientations, and solutions to preserve and promoting the culture of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities The thesis contributes to raising awareness of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in dealing with the natural environment - an urgent issue in the current period through a relatively clear presentation of the issue of cultural behavior toward the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands The thesis also has reference value with other regions in Vietnam where the majority of ethnic minorities live such as the northern mountainous region of our country Structure of the thesis In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, and appendices, the content of the thesis includes chapters and 12 sections Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1 RESEARCH RELATED THE THEORETICAL TO ISSUES OF PRESERVING AND PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES AND DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Studies abroad related to the conservation and promotion of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment must include the “environmentally friendly” idea of the United Nations And when it comes to the culture of human behavior with the natural environment, people often refer to researchers Aldo Leopold, Lynn White, Garett Hardin, and Peter Wohlleben Research in the country related to the theory of conservation, promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment mentioned by many researchers: Tran Ngoc Them, Le Nhu Hoa, Nguyen Viet Chuc, Tran Thuy Anh, Tran Huu Son, Pham Quang Tien, Nguyen Thi Hoi Nguyen Dinh Hoa 1.2 RESEARCH RELATED THE SITUATION TO ISSUES OF PRESERVING AND PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES AND DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS The works only refer to the status of preserving, and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands with a relatively small volume, not yet detailed, but here are the documents and information sources of the thesis inherited, acquired after researching and reviewing: “Ecological - humanistic culture” by Tran Le Bao (2005); “Our country's environmental ethics - Theory and practice” by Vu Dung (2011); “Forest of Montagnards” by Henry Maitre translated by Luu Dinh Tuan and Nguyen Ngoc (2008); Georges Condominas with the work “We eat the forest” (2003); anne De Hautecloque Howe with the work “Ede people: A matriarchal society” translated by Nguyen Ngoc (2004); Jacques Dournes with Forest, Woman, Madness; the work “Outline of Ede and M'Nong ethnic groups in Dak Lak” by Be Viet Dang, Chu Thai Son, Vu Thi Hong, Vu Dinh Loi (1982); the work “Regional culture and cultural zoning in Vietnam” by Ngo Duc Thinh (1996, editor); the work “Ede customary law: legal custom” by Ngo Duc Thinh, Chu Thai Son, Nguyen Huu Tham (2012) 1.3 RESEARCH RELATED THE PERSPECTIVES AND SOLUTIONS TO ISSUES OF PRESERVING AND PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES AND DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OFETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS The thesis has reviewed groups of research works related to the views, and solutions to preserve and promote the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands have made great scientific contributions: “Behavioral culture of Hanoians with the natural environment” by Nguyen Viet Chuc (2002); “Some basic issues of Central Highlands economy in sustainable development” by Bach Hong Viet (2012); “Improving life and culture for ethnic minorities - mountainous people" by Nguyen Huong (2014); Nguyen Van Tiep “Some socio-economic issues and ethnic relations in Dak Lak province” (2009); the work “Human-natural relationship and sustainable development in Vietnam today” by Pham Thi Oanh (2013); the project “Towards sustainable development of the Central Highlands” by Le Van Khoa, Pham Quang Tu (2014) 1.4 VALUE OF THE WORKS REVIWED AND RESEARCH DIRECTION OF THE THESIS 1.4.1 Value of the works reviewed The works reviewed are of a certain value to the thesis on all three contents: Firstly, the above studies have presented theoretical issues about cultural values in dealing with the natural environment from many different and diverse perspectives The above works have given the concepts related to the behavior of culture with the natural environment However, in-depth studies on cultural behavior with the natural environment from a philosophical perspective are still very modest or only mentioned in the scope of Vietnam in general or a specific ethnic group or province in particular There has not been a single work that has researched the entire theoretical basis of the cultural behavior towards the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Secondly, the above studies have analyzed some aspects related to the current status of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Some studies have analyzed the experience of dealing with the natural environment of some countries, outlining ethical aspects showing the current status of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment, these are valuable experiences for the Central Highlands In addition, the works mainly refer to the cultural characteristics of the Ede and M'nong ethnic groups in Dak Lak and Dak Nong and the change of traditional cultural values of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands is currently being affected by many subjective and objective factors This is a general picture to study the current situation of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands expressed in three aspects: Cultural behavior towards shifting cultivation, plants, and animals; culture of dealing with forests; culture of dealing with land and water resources Thirdly, the above studies have also given some main points of view and solutions to preserve, and promote cultural values in dealing with ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands such as: strictly controlling forest land planning, forest inspection, management, and protection; policy on hunger eradication and poverty reduction for ethnic minorities; focusing on promoting the cultural advantages and unique traditional cultural value system of the local ethnic minorities, accelerate the speed of economic and social development, and deepen the cultural identity of the local ethnic groups These are the orientations for the thesis to inherit and develop in proposing directions and solutions to preserve and promote cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands 1.4.2 Research direction of the thesis Based on inheriting research results from previous works, the thesis continues to study and clarify some of the following issues: Firstly, systematize and clarify general theoretical issues: cultural behavior with the natural environment, cultural values dealing with the natural environment; state the content of preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands; the subject, content, and method of preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment; specifying the factors affecting the change in cultural values and dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands the current Secondly, the analysis clarifies the status of preserving and promoting the cultural and behavioral values of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in the past and present From the situation of preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, several issues need to be further studied in the coming time Thirdly, propose possible perspectives and solutions, associated with the current practice of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands to preserve, and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands with the aim of sustainable development in the Central Highlands in the coming time Chapter PRESERVE AND PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES IN DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS THE CURRENT - SOME THEORY ISSUES 2.1 THE CONCEPT OF BEHAVIORAL CULTURE AND BEHAVIOR CULTURE WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 2.1.1 The concept of behavioral culture Based on inheriting cultural concepts, the thesis approaches to culture in a narrow sense: Culture is the totality of material and spiritual values created and accumulated by people in the process of practical activities in the interaction between people with the natural environment and the social environment, to satisfy their needs According to this approach, culture is the creation of people, bringing value to people, which includes both material and spiritual values Behavioral culture is a constituent part of the culture, a system of values including knowledge, feelings, beliefs, human attitudes, and behavior towards the natural environment, the social environment and people together are accumulated in the process of practical activities 2.1.2 The concept of culture dealing with the natural environment The natural environment is the total of natural conditions surrounding humans that affect humans and interact with human activities such as air, water, land, animals, and plants From the conceptions of culture, behavioral culture, and natural environment, the author of the thesis believes that: A culture that behaves with the natural environment is an integral part of the culture, which is a system of knowledge, people's attitudes, feelings, and behaviors towards natural conditions in the process of existence and the development of human society, consistent with the traditions and beliefs of the ethnic community 2.2 OVERVIEW OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS AND THEIR CULTURAL VALUES IN DEALING WITH THEIR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 2.2.1 Overview of the characteristics of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Natural geographical conditions: The Central Highlands region includes provinces: Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong, and Lam Dong The total natural area of the whole Central Highlands is 54,473.7 km2, accounting for 16.5% of the country's area, of which Kon Tum province is 9,614.5 km2, Gia Lai is 15,494.9 km2, Dak Lak is 13,085 km2 Dak Nong is 6,514.5 km2, Lam Dong is 9,764.8 km2 The whole Central Highlands region has 3,006,147 of forestry land, accounting for about 55.2%, of which there is about 28% of bare land, mixed shrub forest, poor bamboo forest, and regenerated forest after shifting cultivation and scattered open forest The land in the Central Highlands is very favorable for the development of diversified agriculture, which is one of the decisive factors for the sustainable development of the whole Central 11 and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment They are considered to be the leading force because the village elder, the village head, has a reputation as a force that understands cultural values and behaves with the natural environment of their nation, is a force that knows how to teach and preserve the attitudes of their children, how to behave with the natural environment to suit the living situation of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands The subject of keeping and promoting cultural values behaves with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands must be from the Central Highlands ethnic minorities and for the Central Highlands ethnic minorities That is the democratic nature of the cause of preserving and developing the culture of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands 2.3.3 Methods of preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Firstly, preserve and promote through the organization and construction of traditional villages of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Building cultural institutions at the grassroots level with a combination of promoting traditional cultural institutions; reasonable maintenance of watershed forest space, wharves, traditional houses, community houses, etc., to ensure an environment for community cultural activities Secondly, preserve and promote valuable documents dealing with the natural environment through the law on the activities of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Laws are continuously born from the main community, a machine that serves the community's daily life and has many valuable aspects From the perspective of cultural philosophy, the law continues to be a unique cultural heritage of the ethnic group, a rich treasure of national knowledge, but under the angle method, continuity law is considered an effective management tool and is part of the cultural heritage of the management communication system of the nations Thirdly, through education and propaganda of policies and laws for ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands to preserve, and promote cultural values in dealing with the natural environment Propaganda and education activities are an important method in creating for ethnic minorities in communities the right awareness about the natural environment and the need for a culture of dealing with the natural environment Through propaganda and education activities on environmental protection, building a culture of dealing with the natural environment has formed people's awareness, thereby forming a sense of environmental protection, indigenous knowledge, and biodiversity in the natural environment 2.4 FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION OF CULTURAL VALUES IN DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS THE CURRENT 2.4.1 The development of the market economy in the Central Highlands 12 The market economy has made a great contribution to liberating the productive power of society, increasing labor productivity, and creating a material premise to improve people's material life The market economy stimulates the positivity and creative potential of people and develops individual autonomy It promotes the process of international economic integration in the context of globalization and expands cultural exchange and tourism among provinces in the Central Highlands On the other hand, the market economy also contains defects and has negative impacts on the moral and cultural life of society The market economy strongly stimulates the search for maximum profits, which leads to a tendency to pay little attention to the basic needs of society but brings low profits The pursuit of profit has led to bad consequences on the natural environment, socio-cultural, injustice, and even social conflicts 2.4.2 The process of industrialization and modernization in the Central Highlands Industrialization and modernization are inevitable trends of the times For the Central Highlands, industrialization, and modernization is the way to bring the Central Highlands out of poverty and backwardness, a major turning point in social life from physical life to spiritual life The characteristics of production in the Central Highlands are based on natural resources and the environment The process of industrialization and modernization with advances in science and technology and new technologies applied to production and life, along with the advanced way of production and consumption by humans, will prevent and reduce pollution, and protect and improve the environment more effectively But with the level of production forces in the Central Highlands is underdeveloped, clearly reflected in the system of production tools They are manual tools, rudimentary, and suitable for individual labor With outdated production tools, the production scale is small and scattered and the production level is low, so the agricultural production process is mainly based on natural conditions, using resources available in the environment Along with low production tools and low education levels, most of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands have no education in natural and social sciences, so they use natural resources indiscriminately, waste, and discharge into the environment many toxic substances that are dangerous to life, leading to environmental pollution Not knowing how to exploit, and use irrationally and inefficiently natural resources leads to the natural environment in the Central Highlands being gradually poorer and in danger of being exhausted 2.4.3 Migration status in the Central Highlands Migration is a social phenomenon that affects on a large scale not only the migrant community but also the resident community in the area of immigration and the community of origin in terms of physical aspects population structure, ethnicity, economy - society and the protection of natural resources, and the environment in the overall relationship Migration contributes to changing the economic face of the Central Highlands, exploiting the economic potential and strengths of the Central Highlands first of all, agriculture and forestry, forming 13 specialized farming and commodity production areas, and expanding arable land In addition to the positive effects, migration leaves many negative economic, social, and cultural consequences that local people's governments have to deal with, including issues related to the natural environment The migration took place in the context of a market economy with changes in land policy, and due to the coffee boom in the 90s, land became increasingly valuable and became an attractive demand for people here Collectives and state-owned enterprises as well as free migrants by all means encroach, buy, sell and dispute land, especially for local people Free migrants either not understand or deliberately not understand the traditional practice of crop rotation in the Central Highlands by arbitrarily clearing and cultivating on the swidden fields owned by local people Along with the phenomenon of land purchase and sale, the phenomenon of land disputes is increasingly common in the Central Highlands provinces Chapter PRESERVE AND PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES IN DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS THE CURRENT - SITUATION AND PROBLEMS 3.1 THE STATUS PRESERVING AND PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES IN SEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS THE CURRENT 3.1.1 The reality of preserving and promoting cultural values of respecting and protecting swidden fields, crops and animals Dealing with fields and crops In the previous traditional society, ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands were very thoughtful and careful in dealing with things related to their swidden land In swidden production, the people sincerely believe that when the harvest is bountiful, there is the blessing of supernatural beings, especially the God of Forest, God of Rice, and God of Thunder, They deeply believe that, if people behave well with the God of Rice, then the god will give bountiful crops, and if not, the god will create a drought that fails to produce crops Moreover, the people also perceive this deity as a flesh-and-blood character The flora existing in the residence area of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands is also very rich and diverse Ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands are very flexible, living in harmony with nature in taking advantage of the exploitation of forest plants to meet the needs of individuals and communities There are many kinds of vegetables, tubers, and fruits from the forest until now, they are still exploited by ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands to make dishes in their daily meal structure such as bamboo shoots, vegetables, wild fruits, and vegetables Typical products of the process of exploiting natural plant resources to serve the lives of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in the past, such as the architecture of longhouses, communal houses, musical instruments… 14 using wood, bamboo, etc., are no longer as diverse as before due to the shrinking forest area, people switched to using industrial raw materials Since the doi moi in 1986, with the policy of bringing ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands into agricultural and forestry farms, all of their lands have become “owned by the whole people” The living environment and economic activities are greatly affected The shifting cultivation method is the basis and foundation of cultural and religious activities of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands However, at present, many ethnic minority villages in the Central Highlands are no longer swidden Many households switched from growing rice to growing coffee, pepper, and cashew Many ethnic villages work as workers for forestry farms specializing in rubber plantations Such a transformation of production methods has directly affected the forms of traditional cultural activities Due to the shrinking arable land conditions, the population explosion in the community, with the emergence of modern farming methods… Currently, to ensure the effective exploitation of land resources to serve production and life, ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands cannot only keep traditional farming practices forever but have made more suitable changes in the production life of the Central Highlands today That is to change the form of shifting cultivation so that the soil has time to recover its fertility, by periodic rotation of different crops on the same arable land to improve each season Or to increase productivity in labor in addition to intercropping traditional crop varieties, introducing new varieties of crops with higher yields Dealing with animals In a traditional society, the hunting, taming, and breeding of elephants is also a prominent tradition in some ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands If buffalo were developed in Kon Tum, Horses in Gia Lai, taming and raising elephants are concentrated in Dak Lak, among the residents of Ede and M'nong with two famous centers, Buon Don and Ea Sup In the primitive mind of the Central Highlands, the buffalo and elephant are considered a member of the family in the community The buffalo for the Central Highlands is not the same as for the Kinh, which is "investment" This gentle animal has a great place in the spiritual life of the people Elephants are a symbol of wealth, strength, and pride Unlike buffaloes and horses, the additional source of elephants is not reproduction but hunting and domestication It can be said that ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands also have the same way of dealing with some animals as they treat humans They raise cattle, especially buffalo, mainly to use for sacrifice to the gods When buffalo meat is needed, ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands separate the buffalo from the herd, take it far away from the stable, and then kill it The compatriots this so that the remaining buffalo in the barn does not have to see their fellow dead and not have to smell the meat, feces, and blood of their fellow people In the past, the Central Highlands forest had many birds, on the branches, there were birds, gibbons, and monkeys clinging; on the ground, there are rabbits, pigs, bison, rhinos, etc The behavior of the people towards each type of animal is 15 different Animals not destroy crops, not harm people, their compatriots not intend to harm their race As for the animals that destroy the fields and threaten the lives of people, when hunting them, the people only aim to reduce their numbers, not to destroy them Thus, when hunting wild animals, the Central Highlands ethnic minorities intend to preserve and develop, not in a way that destroys them However, the natural environment has changed, and the animals are no longer as abundant as before In the cultural behavior of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, there has also been a change to match the current concept when activities such as stabbing buffaloes, sacrifices, and riding elephants have been gradually reduced But besides that, there are still illegal hunting activities, using many dangerous methods to the natural environment, leading to the deterioration of the ecological environment 3.1.2 The status of preserving and promoting the cultural value of respecting and protecting forests Forests provide physical nourishment for Central Highlands people, and forests are also an important basis for their spiritual life For ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, forest is an entity just like a human being, even a forest is a “original” part of man That is also the reason why ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands appreciate forests Forests provide food, clothing, and shelter for ethnic minorities Honey, pollen, shiitake, rattan buds, bamboo shoots, trees, and fruits are a rich source of food and provide for humans, livestock, and birds in their survival space The bark of some forest trees is used by ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands to cover their bodies, as raw materials for dyeing threads, weaving loincloths, dresses, blankets, and other costumes Forests provide wood for building pillars, grass for roofs, cork, and umbrellas for walls, forests also provide sap for people to make candles to light in daily life tools such as pots, pans, baskets, beds, stalls, counters, chairs all come from the forest Ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands were born in the forest, lived in the forest, and when they died, their bodies were surrounded by forests In the tombs, there are wooden statues depicting the contours of animals living in the forest, which are also carved with precious woods taken from the forest Therefore, the forest is closely linked like flesh and blood to the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands The change in the method of management and use of forest resources has led to a change in the perception of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Ethnic minorities believe that the forest belongs to the State, the protection of the forest belongs to the State, and the people have no obligation to protect it That concept along with the fear of punishment (for killing living beings) no longer exists, so they just let them explore Forests are not only destroyed, but the problem of buying and selling land has also become common The survival environment of the village is shrinking, the ecology is going in a bad direction For thousands of generations, the land and forest have been “allocated to the village by Yang”, now the land and forest are no longer the villages The value of the forest, which was sacred before, has now been underestimated, even many ethnic minority youths in 16 the Central Highlands are aiding loggers to destroy forests and illegally harvest timber to make money Hunt all kinds of wild animals exhaustively The destruction of the former immense forests into barren forests, hydroelectric projects, and wind power growing more and more has made the natural landscape as well as the forest environment, land, water resources, and animals seriously affected due to the great exploitation needs of humans If in the past, the relationship between humans and the natural environment was a relationship of harmonious behavior, now it is a relationship of domination and exploitation without paying attention to the consequences that nature will return to humans 3.1.3 The status of preserving and promoting cultural values, respecting and protecting land and water resources Dealing with land resources In the traditional society, for ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, each village has its territory with definite boundaries separated and divided by a river, stream, mountain, or hill that will automatically be recognized by the community and individuals in the community Cultivation land of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands is mainly swidden land and is used by ethnic groups in a closed cycle Normally, each piece of land will be cultivated for about to years, then fallow to move to another land, after 8-10 years, the people will return to farming Since the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands believe that this is the time for the land to be restored, rest after the cultivation period, without depleting all the fertile substances of the soil In each village of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, land use is demarcated into separate zones, such as land for farming, hunting, fishing, etc watershed forests, water wharfs, grazing grounds, and residential land, and depending on the settlements, the people stipulate what they can and can't In the perception of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, for swidden land, each family has the right to freely exploit and manage the swidden fields, while for forest land, individuals in the village community only have the right to exploit and use the land use, but not have the right to own forest land If anyone in the village community violates the above code of conduct for the village's land issue, it is a violation of customary law and will be prosecuted according to customary law before the community With the change of farming methods on land, the demand for water for irrigation, fertilizer, animal feed, waste management, and treatment The current conditions, it has changed the culture of dealing with land and water resources of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, leading to the quality of the soil environment, water in the residence of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands provinces is showing signs of decline, the soil and water environment is seriously polluted Therefore, it is necessary to overcome factors that seriously affect land and water resources, and promote the traditional culture of behavior with land resources, and water to maintain the protection of the natural environment and important livelihood conditions of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands 17 Dealing with water resources In the tradition of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, they always have a deep sense of exploitation, use, management, and protection of water resources In the minds of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, water is the world of the gods, the source that guides the souls of people People make offerings to the God of Water to pray for peace and health for their family and community, good crops, and an abundance of all things Previously, in each village of Ede and Gia Rai, there was a wharf (pin ea) A water wharf is a place for community activities, where people take water to maintain and multiply life As for the M'farmers in the same village, they share the same water source in certain creeks, streams, and rivers The people call this place name carbon (village water springs) The water wharf and village spring for the Ede, Gia Rai, and M'nong people have the role of a well at the top of the village for the Kinh people This is the place that provides water for the daily life of the villagers Each wharf has a water god to look after and govern Therefore, it is forbidden to pollute the water source, for fear of the god's rebuke Every year, before the ceremony of worshiping the wharf, they go to the watershed forest to clean it up The customary law of the people stipulates that anyone who cuts down trees in the watershed forest or cuts down old trees at the waterfront violates customary law and offends the gods, so they will be severely punished In the wharves of the Ede, the people often plant banyan trees for shade That banyan tree is the "home" of the Forest god - Thien always brings luck and happiness to people The exploitation and use of water resources by ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands have changed In the past, people used to take advantage of streams and springs to conduct water for daily life and production Currently, ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands not behave flexibly with water sources, but block streams, build dams to build ponds, or actively dig wells to create new water sources This type of behavior, on the one hand, helps ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands to be proactive in water resources, exploiting water sources thoroughly, but on the other hand, it leads to environmental damage and depletion of water resources due to digging and mining dam Some streams not have water in the dry season, but in the flood season, they become aggressive Pipe floods and flash floods began to appear in the districts of Dak Lak and Kon Tum provinces Along with that is the construction of too many hydropower plants in the Central Highlands, This situation leads to the fact that we have cut down a lot of forests to make water reservoirs, thereby causing biodiversity degradation, climate change, and river flow changes 3.2 SOME PROBLEMS ARISE FROM THE CURRENT SITUATION OF PRESERVING AND PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES OF DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS THE CURRENT 3.2.1 economic development, integration of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands today many potential factors make a cultural value behave towards the natural environment 18 In recent years, economic development policies have led to a rapid and drastic change in the socio-economic face of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands From the swidden agricultural production, which was fragmented, small, bare-bones, seeded, and completely dependent on nature, now it is agricultural production in the direction of intensive farming specialized cultivation towards high-tech application of agricultural production with state investment It can be seen that the positive side brought by the change of production methods, farming leads to higher crop yields, better incomes, and an end to poverty The lives of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands provinces are increasingly stable and high-income, đaily household items are richer and more comfortable This is also the reason leading to the psychology of foreign preference and strangeness, making ethnic products increasingly disappear This is also natural because when the economic life of the people is improved, If the need to enjoy life is higher and more modern, then those modern, convenient and useful items will meet their needs 3.2.2 The initiative and positivity of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in preserving, the promotion of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment is still limited Humans are both the subject and the goal of the development process All undertakings and policies are only really effective when they receive consensus and actively participate and respond In recent years, there have been many guidelines and policies related to the preservation and promotion of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, which focus on the role of actors in preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment - the Party, the State, cultural officials, staff of natural resources and environment, forest rangers; Village elders, village chiefs, prestigious people in the community and ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands The sustainable development and preservation and promotion of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities depend on the consciousness and voluntary actions of the subjects participating in that process Therefore, first of all, people living in the Central Highlands in general and especially the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, in particular, must be aware of the role of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of their people Overcoming the inferiority, extroversion, and failure to properly appreciate the cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands There are even a part of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands who turn their backs on their traditional cultural values, especially today's ethnic minority youth Many of the familiar habits in dealing with the natural environment and traditional villages of ethnic minorities are being “modified” in a different way by the children of the mountains 19 3.2.3 Mechanisms, policies, and methods to preserve, promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands has many shortcomings From the guiding perspective, the Central Highlands provinces have focused on cultural development policies in the general and the cultural development of local ethnic minorities in particular The investigation, research, collection, and transmission of traditional cultural values related to culture and behavior with the natural environment have been carried out and obtained very basic initial results for scientific research, education, and state management Activities of teaching, restoring, and preserving the unique characteristics of the culture and dealing with the natural environment of the nation such as festivals, customary laws, production, and beliefs are organized more or less to create awareness of all levels, branches, and ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands More and more undertakings and policies related to the protection of the natural environment have been deployed The investment budget for the cause of culture and information of the Central Highlands provinces has increased quite rapidly and has a key focus However, due to the characteristics of the Central Highlands, which is a large land area, scattered populations in remote and remote areas, and difficult transportation, the above results are not commensurate The level of budget investment for the cause of cultural development according to the population is not reasonable Looking at the national level, the budget for cultural activities in the mountainous provinces is only 1/2 to 1/3 of the cultural budget in the delta provinces; the funding for the national target program on culture in the mountainous provinces of the Central Highlands is only 1/3 to 1/7 of the budget in the delta provinces Investment costs for research, collection, restoration, and preservation of national cultural values, although increasing every year, are not commensurate with the potential cultural treasures of ethnic minorities that have not yet met the set requirements Chapter PERSPECTIVES AND SOLUTIONS TO MAINTENANCE ISSUES, PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES IN DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS IN THE COMING TIME 4.1 PERSPECTIVES ON MAINTENANCE ISSUES, PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES IN DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS IN THE COMING TIME 4.1.1 Preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands must be closely linked with the strategy of socio-economic development of the Central Highlands 20 This view comes from the law of social existence that determines social consciousness so that there are right steps in making appropriate policies for effective implementation, away from reality Because each community, nation, and country has its characteristics in the process of existence and development, no two communities or ethnic groups are the same and for the ethnic minorities in So is the Central Highlands Therefore, to preserve and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, it is necessary to derive from the characteristics and requirements of their practical life In the current market mechanism and global integration with the policy of socioeconomic development of the Central Highlands, the culture of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands is undergoing a great change After centuries of existence in various difficulties, even sometimes being coerced and threatened by evil forces (especially in the period when the country was invaded by foreign invaders), the ethnic minorities in the West Nguyen still retain their cultural identity But only in the past few decades, since the penetration of the market economy, the risk of assimilation (not by force, but voluntarily) has reappeared This is an issue that needs to be researched and found solutions to preserve and promote cultural values in response to the natural environment based on the characteristics and requirements of the ethnic minorities in the West Originally as indicated above Only then can good results be achieved in preserving and absorbing positive cultural values in harmoniously adapting, utilizing, and protecting the natural environment, eliminating negative and backward factors that go against the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands 4.1.2 Preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands must go hand in hand with fighting backward and conservative environmental practices The issue of fighting backward and conservative customs in cultural values and dealing with the natural environment has not been given much attention so far, which generally only refers to the traditional cultural values of ethnic minorities in general, including ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands The scientific, harmonious, and flexible settlement of this relationship is the key to cultural and development issues As a multi-ethnic, multi-cultural country, the level of development among ethnic minorities is uneven but through ethnic policies, cultural policies, the Party's correct cultural guidelines, and guidelines for ethnic minority cultures in Vietnam have gradually come into reality The cultural life of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands has changed in the direction of progress Many remote areas where ethnic minorities live in the Central Highlands are no longer isolated in terms of topography and information and are no longer frozen in culture Many types of cultures of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, with the natural environment in which they were born and developed, are preserved and transformed into modern cultural flows, creating nuances, and characteristics of the culture of ethnic minorities such as Ede, Ba Na, M'nong, Gia Rai, which are not confused with any other ethnic groups 4.1.3 Ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands are the nucleus of preserving and promoting cultural values and dealing with the natural environment 21 It is necessary to thoroughly grasp the viewpoint of taking the subject of the ethnic minorities themselves, taking the village elders as the core, while the Party, state, and authorities at all levels of the province, and locality only propagate, mobilize, orient and organizes, while ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands live, implement and preserve as their breath, it will last for a long time Culture leaders and managers must carefully study what they intend to Do not judge by yourself which cultural values behave towards the natural environment which is progressive, which values are outdated, and then decide for the ethnic minorities to this, not to that Leaders can only guide ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, and the choice of one value or another is up to the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands to self-evaluate, select and decide Preservation means that someone must continue on that path, someone must continue to inherit, conserve and implement in people's daily lives the natural environment in which production activities, living, working, etc take place in a harmonious and friendly manner between people and the environment to protect the natural environment sustainably Thus, before the impacts of socio-economic conditions, the process of industrialization, and modernization, the issue of migration has been creating changes to the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Therefore, to preserve and promote those cultural values, it is necessary to derive from the above-oriented views to propose practical solutions, effective in the process of preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands 4.2 SOLUTIONS TO MAINTENANCE ISSUES, PROMOTING CULTURAL VALUES IN DEALING WITH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS IN THE COMING TIME 4.2.1 Socio-economic development aims to create favorable conditions for material and technical foundations, as well as a favorable social environment for preserving, promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Firstly, reorganize production and life in ethnic minority areas in the Central Highlands towards developing a commodity economy based on a household economy Develop a green economy based on increasing investment in conservation, development, and efficient use of natural capital sources, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving environmental quality to create momentum to stimulate solid economic growth, and at the same time contribute to job creation, hunger eradication, poverty reduction, and improvement of the people's material and spiritual life Secondly, focus on basically solving the land problem, continue to give priority to the settlement of production land for ethnic minority households in the Central Highlands who lack production land, ensuring that the people can live and master the land on his land, to step by step solve the inequality in agricultural land use among different parts of the population and harmonize the needs of local economic development with securing land and stabilizing the production of the local 22 population Improve the quality of sedentary work and settlement for ethnic minorities, promote economic development, reduce hunger and reduce poverty, and reduce the pressure of free migrants on forest and land resources Thirdly, invest in the construction of rural infrastructure, especially in ethnic minority areas in remote areas, develop non-agricultural industries and occupations and restructure the economy, ensure that villages have roads to travel in both seasons, electricity, water supply systems, schools, clinics, post offices, culture, and other essential service and production facilities It is necessary to develop legal frameworks to encourage and further promote non-formal cultural institutions and cultural practices (customary law, village elders, exchange of labor, local knowledge, family relations, beliefs - spirituality) in management and social security which have been and are being practiced in communities Fourthly, continue to implement specific policies prioritizing socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas, including ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands until 2030, at the same time, mobilize maximum resources of the social community to invest in ethnic minority areas; on the one hand, taking advantage of the State's capital, integrating national programs and goals, promoting the people's selfreliance to reduce poverty, on the other hand, promoting the organization and association of production, encourage enterprises, companies, and farms to play the role of midwives, to business based on land and labor of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands plus investment capital, science and technology to promote products and restructure labor in ethnic minority areas; invest in agricultural service industries in villages, restore traditional crafts, associated with the formation of eco-tours in places where conditions permit, gradually reduce agricultural labor, engage in non-agricultural production and business activities to create jobs, increase incomes and improve living standards 4.2.2 Raising awareness and promoting the initiative and positivity of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in preserving, promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment Firstly, raising awareness of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands about preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment is a decisive factor in behavior, and human actions, thereby leading to the success or failure of the cause that the Central Highlands provinces are pursuing Therefore, the solution to raise the awareness of officials and people about culture, and cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands is of primary importance Secondly, it is necessary to raise awareness of leaders, those who make development policies in the Central Highlands, including those with ethnic minorities, or those who implement these policies Among the cultural values that deal with the natural environment mainly of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, it is necessary to properly evaluate each value, to determine which factors need to be completely changed to adapt to modern society; what factors need to be preserved and promoted Cultural values of human behavior towards the natural environment such as the concept of land, 23 forests, water sources, animals, and plants also have great significance in the current society, so they should be preserved and brought into play in the new era Thirdly, the propagation and education of awareness about cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of the ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands as well as the issue of selectively absorbing the quintessential cultural values of humanity need to be communicated must be conducted regularly, long-term, through many diverse and appropriate forms Which, two main forms emerge, that is through the mass information system and through the education system, in which the school education system is the core 4.2.3 Continue to innovate and perfect methods to preserve, promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Firstly, perfecting the method of preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment through leadership, management, and implementation by local authorities of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in preserving and promoting cultural values dealing with the natural environment Reasonable maintenance of watershed forest space, wharves, traditional houses, community houses, etc., to ensure an environment for community cultural activities Building cultural institutions at the grassroots level with a combination of promoting traditional cultural institutions Secondly, improve the method of preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment through customary laws and indigenous knowledge of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Combining customary law and law in solving problems of violations in ethnic minority communities in the Central Highlands that the law could not foresee Especially, for ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, remote and remote areas, the provisions of the law are highly general in many aspects and are still unfamiliar to ethnic minorities In these cases, customary law will play the role of supplementing, replacing, and supporting the law 4.2.4 Strengthening the role of the State and local authorities in preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Firstly, improve the leadership role of Party committees at all levels in the Central Highlands in preserving, and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Secondly, well implement socio-economic development policies of the Party, State, and Party committees, and local authorities, especially guidelines, policies, and projects related to ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Thirdly, to associate economic growth with cultural development, to realize social progress and justice in preserving, and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands Fourthly, strengthening inspection, supervision, and sanction in keeping, promoting the culture of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highland 24 CONCLUSION The issue of preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands is a significant issue for ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in particular and Vietnam in general in today's conditions when the issue of the natural environment, the relationship between humans and the natural environment is considered an urgent issue of all mankind in general, without exception of any country or nation Preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment is preserving and promoting the rules and standards of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in their awareness, people's attitudes and behaviors towards natural conditions are related to the existence and development of society but are consistent with the traditions and customs of the ethnic community, are recognized by law, and have benefits to humans However, before the strong impacts of the market economy, religion, and beliefs have been and are directly affecting the cognitive thinking as well as cultural behavior of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands with the natural environment The reality of cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands is mainly reflected in the field of human material production From that situation, several issues arise as follows: firstly, the economic development and integration of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands present many potential factors that have eroded the cultural values of dealing with ethnic minorities natural environment; secondly, the initiative and positivity of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment is still limited; thirdly is that the mechanisms, policies, and methods to preserve and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment is still inadequate To improve the effectiveness of preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands, it is necessary to base on three cross-cutting orientations: Preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment in association with the socioeconomic development strategy of the Central Highlands; preserving and promoting cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands must go hand in hand with fighting backward and conservative expressions; ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands are the nucleus in preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment Also, implement the solution: Socio-economic development to create favorable conditions for material and technical foundations, as well as a favorable social environment for the preservation and promotion of cultural values in response to the natural environment of ethnic minorities number in the Central Highlands; raising awareness and promoting the positivity and initiative of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in preserving and promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment; perfecting methods to preserve and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands; strengthening the role of the State and local authorities in preserving and promoting the cultural values of dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands 25 LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS OF THE AUTHOR RELATED TO THE THESIS Le Thi Hong Hanh (2021) “The situation and some solutions to preserve, promoting cultural values in dealing with the natural environment of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands”, Education of Journal, Special issue (September 2021), pp.251-255 Le Thi Hong Hanh (2021), “The positive influence of customary law on the protection of the natural environment of the Ede people in Dak Lak”, Internal Science of Journal, No 44 (September 2021), pp.73-79 Le Thi Hong Hanh (2021), “Ethnic Minorities Behavior Towards the Natural Environment Today: A Casa in the Central Highlands”, Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Vol.32, Issue3, pp.30533-30542 Le Thi Hong Hanh (2022), “Preserving and promoting the cultural values of ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands in the spirit of the XIII Congress of the Party”, Political Theory of Journal, No 528 (February 2022), pp.109-114 ... environment mentioned by many researchers: Tran Ngoc Them, Le Nhu Hoa, Nguyen Viet Chuc, Tran Thuy Anh, Tran Huu Son, Pham Quang Tien, Nguyen Thi Hoi Nguyen Dinh Hoa 1.2 RESEARCH RELATED THE