Chính sách phát triển kinh tế hướng về xuất khẩu của tỉnh Cao Bằng

INTRODUCTION Necessity of the research Cao Bang is a province in the Northeast region of Vietnam This is a particularly important strategic area in terms of socio-economic, national defense, security and foreign affairs of Vietnam In addition, Cao Bang boasts relatively diverse mineral resources, with quite large reserves and of good quality; 332 km of border with the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region - China, with 02 main border gates (Ta Lung, Tra Linh), 04 auxiliary border gates (Soc Giang, Po Peo, Ly Van, Bi Ha) Cao Bang has favorable conditions to develop the trade industry and can become a hub for goods transshipment between China and ASEAN countries However, the province's economy has not yet developed commensurate with its existing potential This result indicates a not really positive sign of the quality of the province's export-oriented economic development policy Currently, in the context that Vietnam has been promoting economic integration, Cao Bang identifies export-oriented economic development as one of the key and cross-cutting tasks of foreign affairs With many practical and effective external economic activities, in recent years, the province has achieved many positive results in its economy, making significant contributions to the general socioeconomic development Especially, according to the data of the Cao Bang Provincial Party Committee, in the period 2016-2020, the total export turnover of goods through the province reached 10.2 billion USD, up 175% compared to the period of years ago In particular, in 2020, the province's total export turnover reached over 334 million USD, with the participation of 175 enterprises, an increase of nearly 50% compared to the same period last year In the next period, the Resolution of the 19th Party Congress of the province for the 2020-2025 term also identified export-oriented economic development as one of the strategic contents to promote the benefits of export-oriented economy existing position of the province, strive to increase on average 10% of total import-export turnover through the area each year, revenue from border-gate economic activities accounts for over 30% of Cao Bang's total state budget revenue From the above reasons, we chose to implement "Export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province” as subject matter for our thesis Research objectives and missions Research objective: Analyzing and assessing the current status of export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province, for proposing solutions to improve this policy in the period 2021 - 2025 and the following years till 2030 Research tasks: The thesis focuses on a number of main research tasks as follows:  Analyzing and evaluating the overview of research works related to export-oriented economic development policy so as to identify the research gaps of the thesis  Systematizing basic theoretical issues and establishing a theoretical research model on export-oriented economic development policy of a mountainous province  Analyzing and assessing the current situation of departmental policies and their impact on the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province; on that basis, making general assessments of the results, achievements, shortcomings, limitations and causes of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province  Proposing views, orientations and solutions to improve the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province in the period 2021 - 2025 with a vision to 2030 Research object and scope The research object of the thesis is the theory and practice of sub-policies constituted the exportoriented economic development policy of the province/city of the country in general, and of Cao Bang province in particular Research scope of the thesis: • In terms of content, the thesis focuses on studying theoretical and practical bases, influencing factors, departmental policies and the impact of these departmental policies on the effectiveness of implementing export-oriented economic development policies of mountainous provinces in general and Cao Bang province in particular • The thesis approaches to perfect export-oriented economic development policies of mountainous provinces and Cao Bang province is to complete the contents and improve the efficiency of implementing departmental policies in the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province • Regarding the research space and object, the thesis focuses on studying policies and solutions to implement departmental policies in the export-oriented economic development policies of Cao Bang province's state management system such as People's Committee, departments, sectors and agencies of the province • Regarding the research time, the thesis focuses on studying export-oriented economic development policy in Cao Bang Province in the period 2015 – 2020 and proposed solutions to be applied in the period 2021 - 2025 and the following years till 2030 Research methodology 4.1 Research approaches and process Research approach: Based on the methodology of Marxism - Leninism and the viewpoints, lines and policies of socio-economic development of the Party and State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, we choose an approach for the thesis which is the systematic, logic and historical approach To approach is to study the export-oriented economic development policy of a province in a dialectical relationship with the country's socio-economic development policy, the development policy of economic sectors and in the resource conditions and socio-economic development trends of Cao Bang province The research process is modeled as follows: Defining the problem and research objectivesDefining the problem and research Figure1: Research process 4.2 Collecting and processing data Methods of collecting and processing secondary data: In order to provide more grounds for the assessment, we search and summarize secondary data from many different sources of information related to the export-oriented economic development policy in general and in Cao Bang province in the period 2015 - 2020 in particular Method of collecting and processing primary data through interviews: The objective of the interview is to collect opinions of experts, economic managers, and local managers about the exportoriented economic development policy of Cao Bang Province and businesses with import-export activities in Cao Bang province Specifically, the experts interviewed included 17 people, of which: 14 experts as state managers of Cao Bang province and 03 experts as researchers at leading universities in Vietnam Methods of collecting and processing primary data through questionnaire survey: The survey objects are state managers (under the central state management system, the state management system in the northern border region, and the state management system of Cao Bang province), a number of experts, independent economic researchers and some leaders of export enterprises and export service providers in Cao Bang province The questionnaires were sent via email, post or directly to state managers (under the central state management system, the state management system in the northern border region, and the state management system of Cao Bang province) 384 questionnaires were delivered to state managers, experts and researchers The number collected was 329, of which 11 were invalid due to missing answers to important questions Thus, the total number valid for the research was 318 After collected survey data was synthesized and processed by Excel and SPSS To analyze data, we used statistics such as percentage, average to analyze and evaluate in detail the current status of export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province in recent years 4.3 Research methods Methods of synthesizing and analyzing documents: These include: method of theoretical synthesis, method of citation research, method of synthesis and analysis of documents and secondary data, deductive method, comparative research method Qualitative analysis method allows to gain insight, explore, and explain the research problem instead of the hypothesis Based on relevant data in recent years, as well as opinions of experts and state agencies, we provide a number of forecasts on development and economic policy development trends in the coming time Quantitative analysis method: is used to describe the basic characteristics of data collected from experimental research in different ways Descriptive and inferential statistics together provide simple summaries of samples and measures We use statistical methods to search and synthesize data on policies, the actual situation of implementing export-oriented economic policies necessary for use in the research Testing through EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis): allows to evaluate two important types of values of the scale, i.e convergent value and discriminant value The EFA method falls into the group of interdependent multivariate analysis, i.e., based on the correlation between variables This method is used to reduce a set of k observed variables into a set of F (F1; in other words, EFA allows the formation of 15 independent variables For the dependent variables, with the same procedure as above for observed variables of the dependent variables The EFA results to test the scale and Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient show that 62 observed variables of 15 independent variables and observed variables of dependent variables in the theoretical research model ensure convergence and internal consistency This allows us to test the model and research hypotheses in the next section 3.3.1.2 Results of multiple regression analysis Based on the positive results obtained from testing the research scales of independent and dependent variables, the study continued to conduct multiple regression analysis using the SPSS software The results of multiple regression analysis by the Enter method are summarized in the table 15 below Table9: Results of multiple regression analysis Unstandardized Multicollinearit Standardize coefficients y d Beta Model t Sig Coefficient Std B Tol VIF (Beta) error (Constant) 0.000 0.022 0.000 1.000 X1 0.138*** 0.032 0.138 4.356 0.000 0.503 1.990 X2 0.020 0.025 0.020 0.797 0.426 0.772 1.296 X3 0.094** 0.032 0.094 2.933 0.004 0.483 2.070 X4 0.123*** 0.030 0.123 4.084 0.000 0.554 1.804 X5 0.233*** 0.025 0.233 9.325 0.000 0.803 1.246 X6 0.126*** 0.024 0.126 5.231 0.000 0.860 1.163 X7 0.106** 0.031 0.106 3.403 0.001 0.516 1.937 X8 0.289*** 0.036 0.289 8.125 0.000 0.396 2.527 X9 0.019 0.024 0.019 0.782 0.435 0.870 1.150 X10 0.033 0.024 0.033 1.375 0.170 0.880 1.137 X11 0.220*** 0.031 0.220 7.209 0.000 0.536 1.866 X12 0.085** 0.027 0.085 3.173 0.002 0.693 1.442 X13 -0.017 0.024 -0.017 -0.684 0.494 0.858 1.165 X14 -0.089** 0.031 -0.089 -2.886 0.004 0.523 1.911 X15 0.067** 0.023 0.067 2.913 0.004 0.934 1.070 R = 0.921; R2 = 0.849; F-value = 112.929*** Sig (F) = 0.000 Notes: * significant at p < 0.05 ** significant at p < 0.01 *** significant at p < 0.001 Source: Processing survey data with SPSS 22 Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, we test the hypotheses for each independent variable Hypothesis is onlyconfirmed partially true Specifically, the policy of infrastructure of EZs, IZs, EPZs, transportation infrastructure, information and telecommunications infrastructure and HR infrastructure has a positive impact on the effectiveness of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province The policy on enterprise system infrastructure does not have a significant impact, indicating that the role of enterprise infrastructure development requires the cooperation of governments and businesses themselves Hypothesis is confirmed true Specifically, the policy to develope services and improve capacity to provide export services has a positive impact on the effectiveness of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province Hypothesis is confirmed partially true Specifically, the policy of completeness of policies and mechanisms for investment and development of export has a positive impact; However, the policy of attractiveness and the quality of the implementation of the export promotion policy does not have a positive impact on the effectiveness of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province Hypothesis is confirmed partially true Specifically, the policy on investment and development of technical infrastructure and production technology & organization of production and quality control of export products and policy on management and implementation of supply and export of export products have a positive impact; while the policy to select and decide the local export product portfolios & develop the export product market has no significant impact on the effectiveness of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province Hypothesis is accepted partially true Specifically, the policy with technical and environmental barriers in export has an impact on the effectiveness of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province; while the policy of updating tax policy for groups of export products and services according to export methods does not have a significant impact This is also understandable when these are general policies that apply to the whole country, not very specific to export activities through Cao Bang province Finally, hypothesis is confirmed true Business culture policy creates the image of the export service brand 16 image which has a positive impact on the effectiveness of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province 3.3.2 Results of the implementation of the departmental policies in the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province 3.3.2.1 Results implementing policy on development of economic infrastructure and human resources After the continuous efforts of the province to develop economic infrastructure, the the planned scale of the EZs, IZs, and EPZs of Cao Bang has been increasingly expanded with a suitable location, creating favorable conditions for the export-oriented economic development in the province The level of organization, material and technical infrastructure, technology of State-owned one-member limited liability companies has been improved and more modern with every passing day The planning and construction of the transport system in the province from the main inter-district traffic routes, intercommune traffic, and traffic between villages and hamlets have been reasonably renovated and built The qualifications of local human resources are improving markedly in recent years, and the number of human resources graduating from colleges, universities and graduate schools is increasing The level of improvement of local human resources has increased markedly in recent years thanks to the policy of attracting high-quality human resources and the increasingly effective training of local human resources 3.3.2.2 Results of the implementation of policy to develop services and improve capacity to provide export services The province's import-export services have increasingly high credibility and increasingly build the image of Cao Bang's export services, associated with the cultural and human beauty of the province, thereby developing its export services The planning to develop the network of export logistics centers of Cao Bang is gradually being consolidated and completed Transport capacity, customs procedures and export implementation are increasing day by day Transport companies are growing stronger with a wide range of vehicle types to meet the needs of goods transportation As customs at border gates carry out administrative reform, customs clearance procedures are simplified and processing time is fast Enterprises just need to push the electronic declaration file to be approved automatically in a quick time 3.3.2.3 Results of the implementation of policy of investment promotion and export promotion The policy of export investment and development has been well implemented by Cao Bang province in recent years Total investment of the entire society reached VND 10,120 billion, an increase of VND76 billion, 8.12% higher than the plan, showing that the province has increased investment with a higher level to complete the economic development policies From unceasing investment, up to now, Cao Bang has 293 projects with a total registered capital of over VND40,000 billion, of which 12 projects have foreign investment capital with a registered capital of over VND1,000 billion Projects have been brought into effect and attracted the attention of many domestic and foreign investors The province has gradually completed the construction of the cross-border economic cooperation zone of Tra Linh (Vietnam) - Long Bang (China), upgrading Tra Linh border gate into an international border gate, investing in Dong Dang (Lang Son) - Tra Linh (Cao Bang) expressway to give motivation to economic development, making it convenient for export 3.3.2.4 Results of the implementation of policy to develop products and the export market for the province's products From the survey results, it is clear that the diversification of the agricultural product portfolio is rated the highest with 3.57/5 points Thereby, Cao Bang has been implementing this policy quite effectively and achieved many positive changes High-tech agriculture is a field that receives attention to develop strongly Agricultural enterprises, farms, and other types of cooperative economies are also interested in, promoting and replicating effective production models The increase in market share in the existing export market and the expansion in entering new export markets are quite effective and stable (Increased market share in the existing export market reached 3/5 points; expansion level of new export market penetration reached 3.14/5 points) In recent years, Cao Bang has been focusing on investing in warehouse infrastructure such as goods warehouses, bonded warehouses, cold storage facilities and goods circulation centers Currently, Cao Bang has 32 warehouse investment projects in border gate areas, of which 17 are in operation to provide various types of services for import and export 3.3.2.5 Results of the implementation of policy on export tax administration and technical barriers The organization of export tax administration has been implemented appropriately and effectively In recent years, under the close and active direction of the Party Committee, the Board of Directors, Cao Bang Tax Department has directed the units to review businesses and individuals, put 17 them into tax administration; continue to implement projects on state budget revenue for export enterprises; urge and supervise the declaration and payment of taxes into the state budget on time, strictly manage the tax code and the operation of enterprises, especially those engaged in export activities Tax rates for most export goods have been exempted, creating favorable conditions for export enterprises to promote business and export development for the entire province The identification and updating of export technical and environmental barriers in recent years have been carried out by Cao Bang with good results The accurate forecasting of the development trend of technical and environmental barriers is being performed relatively well by the province, from which to make decisions to help businesses overcome barriers, anticipate upcoming difficulties to timely improve export technology and environment, catch up with the trend of the export market, promote export in the province Communication of technical and environmental barriers to target customers is being carried out by Cao Bang very closely and effectively 3.3.2.6 Results of the implementation of policy to develop culture and identity to create brand images of exported products and services Cao Bang boasts its own outstanding cultural identity which is concretized in the policy environment and the import-export management mechanism of the province Cao Bang has always well implemented the policy of preserving and promoting the long-standing cultural values of the highlands province with a long history and traditional identity This is also a distinct beauty, affirming the image of Cao Bang in the eyes of domestic and international friends, thereby attracting domestic and foreign investment here to produce and export Cao Bang culture has a distinct identity, so the import-export management mechanism also has its own identity In recent years, the province's policies and management agencies have always been imbued with Cao Bang's cultural identity This is in line with the province's policy in its export-oriented economic development policy, showing that Cao Bang has well implemented the policy of cultural identity in the export management mechanism 3.3.2.7 Results of economic development and export The effectiveness of Cao Bang’s policy of export-oriented economic development is reflected in the situation of development of GDP economic growth; export growth and customs clearance as well as contribution of exports to GDP Specifically, the economic growth rate from 2015 to 2020 reached an average of 5.31%/year The province's GDP in 2020 reached 4.91% despite the negative impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic Regarding export growth and customs clearance of goods in the period 2015 – 2020, in general, export and customs clearance of goods in this period were not really stable The export clearance value of Cao Bang as a whole had many fluctuations in the period 2015 – 2020, especially a downward trend from 2017 - 2019 According to survey results, import-export turnover reached the average point of 3.81 out of points During this period, exports also contributed significantly to the GDP of Cao Bang province In addition, to evaluate specifically the effectiveness of the province’s policy of export-oriented economic development in the period 2015-2020, we use some other criteria for the survey participants to evaluate In general, the policy's cost-effectiveness ratio and benefit-cost ratio are highly appreciated with the average score of 3.59 and 3.79 out of points, respectively The province's policy net benefit and investment return also achieved a high average score, showing that the policy of export-oriented economic development has brought many positive results for economic development and export in the province 3.4 General assessment and some problems for the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province in the coming time 3.4.1 Results and achievements Firstly, regarding the policy of developing economic infrastructure and human resources, Cao Bang has performed fairly well the development of border gate economic zone infrastructure, built many IZs and EPZs with sizes and locations consistent with the actual plan of the province Secondly, the policy of developing services and improving the capacity for providing export services has also achieved remarkable successes Thirdly, regarding the policy of cultural identity development to create the image, brand of products and services, Cao Bang’s cultural identity always have outstanding distinctive features and have been successfully applied in policies and mechanisms of import and export management to create its own brand for export products and services, thereby improving the value of export products and services of the province Fourthly, the policy of investment promotion and export promotion of Cao Bang in recent years has achieved certain successes Fifthly, the policy of product 18 development and the export market of products in recent years of Cao Bang has also achieved remarkable achievements Sixthly, in recent years, Cao Bang province's administration has actively advised on the development of mechanisms and policies, promoting cooperation with border localities Seventhly, mechanisms and policies create favorable conditions for the development of businesses, especially exporters 3.4.2 Shortcomings and limitations Firstly, despite many achievements Cao Bang still lacks initiative in its foreign policy Secondly, a number of key targets as set have not yet been achieved Typically, the economic structure's transformation is still slow; agricultural goods production has not been developed, farmers still have the habit of producing according to the old method, farms are small in number and small in scale; the new model of cooperative has not been replicated Thirdly, the infrastructure of the province is still limited, not meeting the needs of socio-economic development, especially transportation infrastructure, wharves, yards, warehouses to manage export goods Fourthly, the province’s policy of investment in resources is still uneven Fifthly, administrative reform activities have not been thorough and effective; State management in some areas is still weak Sixthly, Cao Bang's border gate economic development program is still limited The progress of infrastructure construction investment in some items is still slow due to lack of capital, problems in site clearance , leading to schedule delays 3.4.3 Causes of shortcomings and limitations  Objective causes Regarding the policy of developing economic infrastructure and human resources: Cao Bang province has performed relatively well the development of border economic zone infrastructure, built many industrial zones and economic zones with the scale and location suitable to the planning province reality As of the end of 2020, there have been 31 projects built in EZs and industrial zones of Cao Bang, of which 21 projects have been completed and put into use Regarding the policy of developing services and improving the capacity of providing export services: in recent years, Cao Bang province has also achieved remarkable successes The competitiveness and differentiation of export services is increasing day by day, with the diversification of services, the quality and reliability of services are increasingly improved, gaining the trust of the international community manufacturing and exporting enterprises Regarding investment promotion and export promotion policies: Cao Bang province's investment promotion and export promotion policies have achieved certain successes in recent years Thanks to innovation in policies, activities to attract investment, diversity in forms, contents, and programs, the Management Board of border-gate economic zones and provincial industrial zones has expanded its relationship with many agencies various agencies and organizations, such as diplomatic missions, associations, and the business community Regarding product development policy and export market of local products: policy of product development and export market of products in recent years of Cao Bang province has also obtained remarkable achievements Thanks to the policy of selecting and deciding the list of local products and exports, agricultural products and agricultural products are increasingly diversified, and products from the mining industry are also increasingly diversified Regarding tax management policy and export technical barriers: In recent years, Cao Bang province has always updated and communicated tax policies and technical barriers to export in a timely manner to related units under many conditions diverse and rich forms Regarding the policy of developing culture and identity to create a brand image of export products and services: Cao Bang has always had a distinctive and outstanding feature and has been successfully applied in import-export management policies and mechanisms, creating a own brand for Cao Bang's export products and services, enhance the value of export products and services of the province, and promote the brand of export products and services to friends throughout the country and internationally , attracting investment to promote export for the province  Subjective causes Regarding policies on economic infrastructure development and human resources: While the level of material and technical infrastructure and technology of economic zones, industrial parks, export processing zones and enterprises is being significantly improved Notably, the level of organization, material and technical infrastructure, and technology of households are still low, facing many difficulties and limitations in the supply of raw materials and products for export Regarding the policy of developing services and improving the capacity of providing export services: currently, the quality of services provided by Cao Bang province is gradually improving, but the degree of difference and 19 diversification of This service is not high Regarding investment promotion and export promotion policies: In recent years, especially in the first months of 2020, due to the COVID-19 epidemic situation, activities to attract foreign investment, deploy projects ODA in Cao Bang province has not met expectations Regarding product development policies and export markets for local products: Cao Bang is a mountainous province, so the modern level of technical infrastructure and production technology is still low, only meeting the standards of the province basic today Regarding tax management policy and export technical barriers: According to the survey results on tax management policy and export technical barriers of Cao Bang province, currently the solutions for import and export tax collection and refund still have many limitations, have not been implemented synchronously and effectively, have not applied many modern technologies to increase accuracy and save both human and material resources Regarding policies to develop culture and identity to create brand image of exported products and services: Currently, the province's own and outstanding cultural identity has only been concretized in tourism policies, not yet be concretized in the policy environment and import-export management mechanism 3.4.4 Some problems for the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province in the coming time Firstly, the technical infrastructure for export of Cao Bang currently is still weak Secondly, in order to develop human resource infrastructure, the province needs to have policies to encourage recruitment and give priority to workers in the province after graduating from universities to work in the province Thirdly, the province should create differentiation in export services such as diversifying service provision, with very high reliability, high service value, along with an appropriate price Fourthly, the province needs to diversify forms of promotion, investment promotion programs and projects Fifthly, Cao Bang needs to complete policies relating to import and export tax so that it can both manage the tax liability of enterprises and have incentives to help promote export-oriented business Sixthly, the province pay attention to developing the grassroots culture, so that each Cao Bang citizen has a sense of preserving that specific culture, and at the same time to develop culture and identity in building a brand image of export products and services Seventhly, Cao Bang needs to focus on activities of inspection, supervision of the system, updating the legal system for policy participants as well as businesses to ensure the effective implementation of the export-oriented economic development policy of the province CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PERFECTING THE EXPORTORIENTED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF CAO BANG PROVINCE IN THE PERIOD 2021 – 2025 WITH A VISION TO 2030 4.1 Analyzing the context, perspective and orientation to perfect the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province in the period 2021 - 2025, with a vision to 2030 4.1.1 Influence of the international, regional and domestic context on the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province The world economy in 2019 witnessed many bleak fluctuations From the trade conflict between the world's two largest economies, the United States and China, to the global Covid-19pandemic, the growth rate of many countries has slowed down Regarding exports, the Vietnamese market continues to expand in search of foreign partners Thanks to the signing of new generation FTAs, Vietnamese goods have been exported to more countries than in previous years Howeve, in Vietnam's export activitiesthere still exist some limitations, one of which is the level of market diversification of agricultural and aquatic products is not high After the negative impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on export activities from Vietnam to the world's second largest economic market - China, travel restrictions have gradually been removed , enabling trade activities at the border gates to prosper more and more The Prime Minister has agreed to restore the export market across the Vietnam - China border, specifically at border gates in Lang Son and Quang Ninh provinces Thanks to that, Vietnam's total merchandise export turnover to China has reached USD32.53 billion in the first nine months of 2020, an increase of 15.12% over the same period in 2019 4.1.2 Orientation and goals of socio-economic development of Cao Bang province 4.1.2.1 Orientation and goals of socio-economic development of Cao Bang province in the period 2021 20 – 2025 with a vision to 2030 General orientation of socio-economic development in general and export-oriented economic development of Cao Bang province till 2025 with a vision to 2030 according to the following key contents: The above planning decision must be consistent with the socio-economic development strategy of the whole country and the master plan on socio-economic development of the Northern midlands and mountainous regions Economic development is fast but sustainable; economic restructuring is rational; improving the efficiency of economic development to bring into play the advantages and strengths of each subregion of the province; Strengthening linkages with Chinese provinces in the border areas and mountainous provinces in the Northeast region to assist in economic development Along with economic development, attention must be paid to social justice; reducing the rate of poor households; improving the people's material and spiritual lives; maintainingpolitical security of the province and border areas 4.1.2.2 Socio-economic development goals of Cao Bang province in the period 2021 - 2025, with a vision to 2030 Orienting Cao Bang’s development towards industrialization and modernization; improving people's living standards; increasing per capita income; maintaining security and order in border areas and ensuring that people's spiritual life is maintained and promoted Economy: The master plan for socio-economic development of Cao Bang province needs to be concretized; Exploiting regional external relations, ensuring harmonious development between urban and rural areas By 2025: GRDP will grow at an average rate of 8%/year; Economic structure of agriculture, forestry and fisheries 16.4%; Industry and construction 32.4%; Service 48.2%; Product tax minus product subsidy3% 4.1.3 Perspectives on orientation towards perfecting the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province Firstly, perfecting the export-oriented economic development policy to ensure it is suitable with the context of socio-economic development and the actual conditions of Cao Bang province on the basis of applying tools to analyze and manage the situation of formulating Cao Bang's export-oriented economic development policy Secondly, perfecting the export-oriented economic development policy from the perspective and orientation to complete synchronously, unify and improve the capacity for implementing departmental policies Thirdly, perfecting the organizational system and resources for the development and implementation of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province 4.2 Some solutions to improve the efficiency of implementing the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province in the period 2021 - 2025 with a vision to 2030 4.2.1 Solutions to implement policies to develop economic infrastructure and human resources To implement this solution, Cao Bang needs to rationally allocate the infrastructure of border gate EZs, IZs, EPZs so as to be most convenient for the development of each type For example, EPZs need to be near the source of raw materials for export processing to facilitate transportation and management, border gate EZs are located near the border gates to develop services as well as facilitate specific activities The province needs to promote the development of synchronous planning of economic infrastructure including border gate EZs, IZs, EPZs, infrastructure of enterprises including state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, foreign enterprises and even households Actively investing in transportation, especially in remote and isolated areas, where traffic is still difficult to promote traffic development and develop the economy evenly Telecommunications infrastructure needs to be actively planned to further develop the telecommunications network in the province, increase the quantity and quality of updating market and commercial information for economic development in a modern way 4.0 Human resource development policy is also a practical issue that needs the province to develop solutions In order to develop human resource infrastructure, the province needs to have policies to encourage recruitment and give priority to children in the province after graduating from universities to work in the province There should be policies on direct recruitment and priority recruitment Children 21 in the province have good academic achievements In addition, promoting education, opening more universities and colleges in the province to train human resources, then recruiting elite individuals to important positions and key industries Actively training to improve skills for unskilled workers to have a better source of quality labor to serve economic development in the whole province 4.2.2 Solutions to implement policies to develop services and improve capacity to provide services for export In order to develop services and improve the capacity to provide export services, the province needs to create differentiation in export services such as diversifying service provision with very high reliability, high service value, along with a suitable price; promoting customer care activities such as giving gifts, offering free accompanying services, handling problems as enthusiastically and quickly as possible; improving the relationship between service providers and enterprises having export products and demand for export services The province needs to focus on developing a wide range of importexport services, suitable to the actual export situation in the province Improving the capacity for providing export services, stabilizing service quality, with increasing reliability in services In addition, there should be the construction of special warehouses dedicated to preserving export agricultural products to ensure that the quality of export agricultural products does not change in quality during storage, ensuring food hygiene and safety meet the increasingly stringent requirements of the market 4.2.3 Solutions to implement policies on investment promotion and export promotion In order for the investment promotion and export promotion policy to be implemented effectively, Cao Bang should first perfect the investment and export promotion policy so that it is most correct in terms of guidelines and methods Complete mechanisms, solutions, and implementation of the policy so as to have the best and most successful quality of implementing domestic and foreign investment promotion as possible The province needs an overall economic development at a faster and sustainable pace, attracting more and more domestic and foreign partners to invest in the province, maximizing export activities in the province, strengthening economic links between Cao Bang and China and other provinces in the country Importance should be attached to investing in the fields of agriculture, mining industry, manufacturing processing industry oriented towards export, investment in services, logistics, import-export services, transportation services to promote exports, with a vision to 2030, to develop evenly from production to export 4.2.4 Solutions to implement policies to develop products and export markets for the province's products Cao Bang should aim at smart agriculture and agriculture towards specialty goods associated with processing and strong development of the border gate economy in order to develop products that are diversified in quantity and quality Exploiting and implementing drastically to increase the market share of export products in existing markets and penetrate and expand new markets For the domestic market, products should be developed with a focus on meeting market demand in densely populated areas, districts and towns – places with high income and high consumption Creating and put a model of stalls selling fresh agricultural products meeting hygiene standards in rural markets, with priority given first to district markets and densely populated area markets, 4.2.5 Solutions to implement tax policies and ensure technical barriers to exports Tax policy has a great influence on the promotion of the province’s exports In order to effectively implement tax administration policies, Cao Bang needs to perfect policies relating to import and export tax so that it can both manage the tax liability of businesses and have incentives to help promote export-oriented business The province needs to diversify measures to propagate tax policies and update businesses to understand; organize and implement appropriate and effective tax management; have more accurate and cost-effective and efficient solutions to collect and remit import and export taxes to the province and businesses to promote export-oriented investment for the province In general, the province needs to both strengthen the control of tax declaration, the State budget revenue from taxes and have tax incentives for export enterprises to promote exports; continue to have policies and countermeasures against export barriers With a vision to 2030, there are many policies to maximize the tax administration of the province and complete the policy of tax incentives for export businesses to promote exports and investment 4.2.6 Solutions to implement policies to develop culture and identity to create brand images of exported products and services In order to develop culture and identity in building the brand image of export products and services, the province needs to set out policies to preserve and uphold Cao Bang culture, creating distinctive and concretized features in the import and export management mechanism It is necessary to 22 perfect policies and mechanisms for export management to develop in the direction associated with the development of Cao Bang culture and identity, and to enhance cultural values in the province's export management policy Create the unmistakable beauties of Cao Bang, attract investment and affirm the brand name of export products and services Focus on developing the grassroots culture, so that each Cao Bang citizen has a sense of preserving that specific culture, breathing soul into the products and services created by the people here so as to create a special, convincing brand and maintaining firmly the position in the domestic and international markets, promoting export development for the whole province 4.2.7 Solutions to implement policies to raise awareness for participants in the implementation, business community; strengthen communication; inspect and supervise the system, update the legal system In order to effectively implement its export-oriented economic development of Cao Bang province in the period 2021 - 2025 with a vision to 2030, Cao Bang province needs to focus on solutions to implement policies to raise awareness for participants in the implementation, business community; strengthen communication; inspect and supervise the legal update system In particular, Cao Bang needs to promote policy propaganda to people, businesses and other stakeholders to raise their awareness in the process of participating in the implementation In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the dialogue between the provincial management agencies and the participants in the implementation as well as the business community Especially, the province needs to focus on inspecting, updating the legal system for policy participants as well as businesses 4.3 Some recommendations to create an environment and conditions for the implementation of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province in the period 2021 - 2025 with a vision to 2030 4.3.1 Recommendations to improve the legal system Firstly, the State should perfect the legal system relating to export-oriented economic development Secondly, the State needs to continue to reform and renew the legal system to create a driving force for export-oriented economic development, synchronously complete the legal system of the market economy according to popular standards of the modernity market economy and international integration Thirdly, the State needs to promptly overcome weaknesses in economic law-making that have existed for many years Fourthly, improving the role of the State in the legal system is very necessary Fifthly, in law-making activities, especially economic law, it is necessary to study and absorb the provisions of the laws of other countries, since for the problems that Vietnam is approaching the international research community has discussed and settled by law in a satisfactory and scientific manner Sixthly, the State needs to study, review, amend and supplement all relevant legal provisions such as the Law on Tax Administration, the Law on Customs, the Law on Intellectual Property, etc and documents guiding these laws Seventhly, the State needs to perfect the law on macroeconomic management tools including taxes, planning, quality standards, price management and tools to support macro management such as statistics, transaction registration, property registration, results-oriented standards and regulations and socio-economic efficiency, overall alignment, stability, simplicity and transparency, contributing to the promotion of the economic development process, preventing loss and waste of resources of the State and society Eighthly, in order to implement the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province more effectively, the legal system in general needs to be transparent, non-discriminatory, and cause less difficulties for enterprises in export economic activities 4.3.2 Recommendations to improve the coordination mechanism in the central and local state management systems Firstly, the central and local state management system should attach importance to building specific management mechanisms and policies, with reasonable, clear, quantifiable and measurable goals; under a specific roadmap and clear delineation of responsibilities of stakeholders; transparent, specific and updated information and reporting system so as to create an environment to implement the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province more effectively Secondly, the orientation and regulation of export economic activities of the province should be conducted through clear and fair policies applicable to all sectors of the economy Thirdly, the Government needs to perfect policies for different types of enterprises of different economic sectors operating in the export economy in the direction of encouraging healthy competition, creating favorable business position and fair business conditions for all economic sectors Fourth, the central state management system and Cao 23 Bang province need to simplify the management mechanism to avoid the overlapping of responsibilities and powers between agencies leading to irresponsibility and wastefulness, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the province's export-oriented economic development policy Fifthly, the central state management system and Cao Bang province need to continue to improve mechanisms and policies to attract investment capital for export-oriented economic development, paying attention to China's trade and border trade policies to synchronize and harmonize trade, forwarding and transportation Sixthly, the central state management system and Cao Bang province should have a policy of mobilizing to the maximum all resources to develop technical infrastructure; State budget sources only focus on investment in public infrastructure (such as transport connections, warehouses ) Seventhly, the central state management system and Cao Bang province need to promulgate mechanisms and policies to encourage the association of the development of raw material areas with the production, processing and export of agricultural, forestry and fishery products Eighthly, the central state management system and Cao Bang province need to issue policies on the basis of ensuring close relationships with partners, connecting with manufacturers, importers, railway stations, bus stations, border gates, industrial zones and concentrated commodity production zones, etc.Ninthly, Cao Bang province's state management agencies needs to develop a long-term and stable cross-border export strategy, in which policiesfor suitable products and export structure must be formulated Tenthly, the central state management system and Cao Bang province should have policies to encourage businesses of all economic sectors to participate in, giving priority to processed products, agricultural, forestry and fishery products, and domestically produced consumer goods, handicraft art articles; restrict the export of rare and raw materials Eleventhly, the central state management system and Cao Bang province need to formulate and implement a policy to develop technical and social infrastructure for export activities, which should be implemented synchronously to meet the current needs of service with taking into consideration the possibility of long-term service in the future, towards a system of infrastructure works to meet the future export requirements CONCLUSION The focus of the thesis is on studying the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province in recent years First of all, we systematize the basic theoretical framework and lessons of experience from the export-oriented economic development policy of a mountainous province in Vietnam Based on that, we create a model and hypotheses to study the export-oriented economic development policy theory of the mountainous province According to the model, the effectiveness of an export-oriented economic development policy of a mountainous province is identified as the ultimate goal of this policy, measured and evaluated through policies relating to export-oriented economic development Also, in this thesis, some experiences of export-oriented economic development policies of some similar provinces and territories of other countries in the region are also studied in detail, from which lessons for the mountainous province of Vietnam are drawn The current situation of the contents of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang is analyzed and evaluated according to 06 related policies, namely: the policy to develop economic infrastructure and human resources; policy to develope services and improve capacity for providing export services; investment promotion and export promotion policies; product development policy and product export market; tax management policies and export technical barriers; and policies to develop culture and identity to create brand images of export products and services Accordingly, the actual situation and implementation results of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province are also analyzed in detail Based on that, weprovide general assessments and orientations to perfect the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province We point out strengths and advantages as well as limitations and causes of limitations On a whole, the formulation and implementation of the exportoriented economic development policy of Cao Bang over the past time has brought about many remarkable achievements, contributing positively to the economic development and export of the locality This policyhowever still has certain limitations, significantly affecting the economic infrastructure, human resources, services, capacity to provide export services of the province, thereby having a negative affect on the effectiveness of these policies Through the research results, we propose solutions to perfect the export-oriented economic 24 development policy of Cao Bang province in the coming time On the basis of analyzing the domestic and international context and the perspective on developing and implementing the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province till 2030, the thesis proposes to complete the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province in the period 2021 - 2025 through 2030, in which, we propose to apply tools to analyze and manage the situation of formulating the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province; propose to establish the contents of export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province; and propose to improve the system of organizing the development of the export-oriented economic development policies of Cao Bang province In addition, the thesis proposes implementation solutions and some recommendations to create an environment for effective implementation of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province till 2030 Solutions to effectively implement the export-oriented economic development of Cao Bang province till 2030 is developed according to 06 specific contents of the export-oriented economic development policy Some recommendations to improve the legal system and improve the management policy mechanism of the central and local state management system On the whole, despite some certain limitations, we hope that the research results of this thesis will bring positive values in both theory and practice, thereby making a significant contribution to the economic development and export of Cao Bang province as well as improving the effectiveness of the province's export-oriented economic development policy In the future, we expect there will be more extensive, deeper and more thorough studies on this topic so that the best results will be achieved, contributing to the perfection of the export-oriented economic development policy of Cao Bang province in particular and the mountainous provinces of Vietnam in general 25 ... Law on Customs, the Law on Intellectual Property, etc and documents guiding these laws Seventhly, the State needs to perfect the law on macroeconomic management tools including taxes, planning,... inflation and exchange rate difference: The average core inflation for 2020 increased by 2.31% over that for 2019, reaching the target of controlling the inflation index below 4% set by the State... customs clearance declarations (units) Customs clearance value (USD million) Growth (%) million) Import-Export turnover (USD Number of export customs clearance declarations (unit) Customs clearance