Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online và offline Cô Phạm Liễu https www facebook comlieupham fatima Page 1 20 BÀI ĐỌC ĐIỀN ĐỌC HIỂU CHỦ ĐỀ COVID 19 BIÊN SOẠN CÔ PHẠM LIỄU Chúc các con ôn tập tốt cho kì thi THPT Quốc Gia 2021 PASSAGE 1 Following the tragic death of whistleblowing doctor Li Wenliang, (1) led to an outpouring of grief across China, one of Wuhan’s most senior doctors has passed away Doctor Liu Zhiming had taken part in the battle against the disease caused by the new cor.
Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline 20 BÀI ĐỌC ĐIỀN- ĐỌC HIỂU CHỦ ĐỀ COVID-19 BIÊN SOẠN: CƠ PHẠM LIỄU Chúc ơn tập tốt cho kì thi THPT Quốc Gia 2021 PASSAGE Following the tragic death of whistleblowing doctor Li Wenliang, (1) led to an outpouring of grief across China, one of Wuhan’s most senior doctors has passed away Doctor Liu Zhiming had taken part in the battle against the disease caused by the new coronavirus from the beginning and had made important contributions to the work of fighting and (2) it, said the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission During that process, “unfortunately he became infected and passed away at 10:54 Tuesday morning at the age of 51 after all-out efforts to save him failed,” according to the commission (3), state media has reported that there will be house-to-house medical checks in Wuhan, with a(n) (4) to seeking out and rounding up all patients who have been infected It is also stated that anyone suspected of having caught the virus would face mandatory testing and anyone who had been in close contact with virus patients would be put under quarantine Addtionally, anyone who buys cough medicine or treatments to bring down a fever in drugstores or on the Internet will need to use their national ID card to _ (5) their identity (Adapted from theguardian.com) Question 1: A that B which C who D what Question 2: A sustaining B containing C detaining D.abstaining Question 3: A Momentarily B For present C At the meantime D Meanwhile Question 4: A goal B sight C view D aim Question 5: A determine B assure C uphold D verify PASSAGE Six thousand couples decided not to let the coronavirus deter them from tying the (1) The multiple brides and grooms from sixty coutries around the world attended a mass wedding ceremony in South Korea's Unification Church on Friday The newlyweds were joined by 24,000 guests The church seemed well prepared for such a large-scale event as its staff handed out hand (2) and masks to all attendees They also checked the temperature of the couples The Unification Church, (3) in 1954 by Sun Myung Moon, is famous for holding the mass weddings One newlywed spoke about marrying amid the global spread of the coronavirus He told the Reuters news agency: "I'm very happy to attend this blessed joint wedding Since coronavirus is going around these days, I wore a mask just to be (4) the safe side." By (5) contrast, a 23-year-old bride from Benin said: "I didn't want to put on a mask because I wanted to be beautiful for my husband." (Apdapted from breakingnewsenglish.com) Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page Cô Phạm Liễu Question 1: A string B knot C bond Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline D rope Question 2: A sanitizer B disinfectant C sterilizer D decontaminant Question 3: A to be found B which founded C found D founded Question 4: A in B at C with D on Question 5: A wide B grand C spike D sharp PASSAGE With the summer wedding season around the (1), the coronavirus outbreak could leave brides-to-be in panic: Some may be unable to get the wedding gown they want for their big day China is a (2) supplier of wedding gowns As much as 80% of the world's western-style gowns are produced there But many factories in China have remained closed this year as the country attempts to curb the spread of the coronavirus Producing a wedding gown requires significant time and a highly skilled workforce Many dresses are (3) to the bride, with intricate details, such as hand stitching and beadwork, some of (4) takes as much as 100 hours of work by hand And this unexpected production delay due to the virus outbreak slows down an already timeconsuming process This domino effect could (5) wedding gowns sellers unable to deliver their customers' orders on time (Adapted from edition.cnn.com) Question 1: A horizon B corner C bend D clock Question 2: A ruling B running C heading D leading Question 3: A manipulated B customised C engineered D modified Question 4: A what B that C which D whom Question 5: A push B strike C leave D set PASSAGE As the live-action (1) of Disney’s classic “Mulan” on March 27 (2) closer, experts predict the studio could lose substantial earnings in China due to the recent outbreak of the coronavirus, also known as COVID-19 The outbreak has (3) over 1,000 lives in China alone and has infected over 70,000 Needless to say, daily life in China has been absolutely disrupted, as tens of millions of Chinese residents hunker (4) at home According to the Hollywood Reporter, nearly 70,000 movie theaters have been shut down last month Even Disney’s (5) parks in Shanghai and Hong Kong closed their doors (Adapted from futurism.com) Question 1: A conversion B adaptation C remodeling D alteration Question 2: A runs B draws C pulls D sweeps B seized C snatched D robbed Question 3: A claimed Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page Cô Phạm Liễu Question 4: A off B up C away Question 5: B enjoyment C entertainment D.amusement A refreshment Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline D down PASSAGE A 113-year-old woman - believed to be the oldest woman in Spain - has _ (1) COVID-19, according to officials Maria Branyas tested positive for the coronavirus after the country went into lockdown in March and not many people thought she would make it (2) after weeks in isolation, Ms Branyas recovered and only suffered (3) symptoms The flu pandemic of 1918-19, the 1936-39 Spanish Civil War and the coronavirus? She has officially lived through (4) single one of them Born in Mexico in 1907, Branyas moved north to San Francisco two years later and arrived in the Catalan province of Girona during World War One with her father, (5) was a journalist She raised three children - one of whom recently turned 86 - has 11 grandchildren - the oldest of whom is 60 - and 13 great-grandchildren (Adapted from bbc.com) Question 1: A endured B challenged C survived D.confronted Question 2: A For B So C But D That Question 3: A soft B mild C light D calm Question 4: A either B any C all D every Question 5: A which B whom C that D who PASSAGE 6: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions In an unexpected sign of hope amid the expanding pandemic, scientists at the University of Oxford said on Tuesday that an inexpensive and commonly available drug reduced deaths in patients critically ill with COVID-19 If the finding is officially confirmed, the drug, a steroid called dexamethasone, would be the first treatment shown to reduce mortality in severely ill patients Had doctors been using the drug to treat the sickest Covid-19 patients in Britain from the beginning of the pandemic, up to 5,000 deaths could have been prevented, the researchers estimated In the study, it reduced deaths of patients on ventilators by one-third, and deaths of patients on oxygen by one-fifth Until now, hospitals worldwide have had nothing to offer these desperate, dying patients, so the prospect of a lifesaving treatment close at hand — in almost every pharmacy — was met with elation by doctors “Dexamethasone is the first drug to be shown to improve survival in Covid-19,” one of the trial’s chief investigators, Peter Horby, a professor of emerging infectious diseases at the University of Oxford, said in a statement “The survival benefit is clear and large in those patients who are sick enough to require oxygen treatment.” However, there is still, obviously, a significant amount of scepticism While hospitals in the United Kingdom were allowed to begin treating severely ill COVID-19 patients with dexamethasone, many experts in the United States demanded to see the data and the study itself, which have not yet been peer reviewed or published Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline (Adapted from nytimes.com) Question 1: What is the best title for this passage? A The Lack Of Drugs Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic B Drugs Being Used to Treat COVID-19 Patients C Doctors Under Pressure As COVID-19 Spreads D Scientists Found Potential Treatment For COVID-19 Question 2: The word “it” in paragraph refers to A the finding B the drug C the pandemic D the study Question 3: According to paragraph 2, it is estimated by researchers that A 5000 patients could have been saved had there been enough medical equipment B 5000 patients would not have needed ventilators had dexamethasone been used C 5000 patients would likely have not died if they had been given dexamethasone D 5000 patients could have avoided COVID-19 infection if they had used steroids Question 4: The word “elation” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A deep regret B immense joy C great confusion D bitter anger Question 5: Which of the following is NOT TRUE, according to the passage? A Dexamethasone is a type of steroid that is cheap and readily available in many pharmacies B Researchers found that dexamethasone can reduce mortality in severely ill COVID-19 patients C Before the dexamethasone research, hospitals had to give other drugs to COVID-19 patients D Many health experts in the US still remain doubtful of the dexamethasone research’s findings PASSAGE 7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions In the public mind, the origin story of the new coronavirus seems well fixed: in late 2019 someone at the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan was infected with it from an animal And from this point on, COVID-19 evolved into a global pandemic that has killed about more than 460,000 people so far But there is uncertainty about several aspects of the COVID-19 origin story that scientists are trying hard to unravel because knowing how a pandemic starts plays an extremely important role in stopping the next one On the hypothesis that the virus emerged at the Wuhan live animal market from an interaction between an animal and a human, professor Stephen Turner, head of the department of microbiology at Melbourne’s Monash University, says: “I don’t think it’s conclusive by any means.” Many scientists say it is highly likely that the virus Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline came from bats but first passed through an intermediary animal in the same way that the coronavirus that caused the 2002 SARS outbreak moved from horseshoe bats to cat-like civets before infecting humans One animal pointed out as a possible intermediary host between bats and humans is the pangolin However, Professor Edward Holmes at the University of Sydney, who took part in a study that examined the likely origins of the virus by looking at its genome, has stressed that the identity of the species that served as an intermediate host for the virus is “still uncertain” Another study ruled out pangolins as an intermediary altogether, because samples of similar viruses taken from pangolins lacked a chain of amino acids seen in the virus now circulating in humans One study looked at a characteristic of the virus that evolved to enable it to latch on to human cells and found that pangolins were able to develop this characteristic, but they were not alone The results were similar when it comes to cats, buffaloes, goats, sheeps and pigeons There is also the possibility that the virus which initially jumped from the intermediary host to humans did not cause COVID-19 In other words, it first jumped into the human body and then adapted as it was passed from human to human, eventually turning into the disease-causing virus we know today Analysis of the first 41 COVID-19 patients in the medical journal Lancet found that 27 of them had direct exposure to the Wuhan market, but also found that the first known case of the illness did not So unless new evidence come to light, the origin story of this global pandemic will remain unclear (Adapted from theguardian.com) Question 6: Which best serves as the title for the passage? A Did Pangolins Really Spread The New Coronavirus To Humans? B The Origin of COVID-19 Is Not As Obvious As You May Think C How Many Animals Are Able To Spread The New Coronavirus? D How An Animal Market Turned Into The First COVID-19 Cluster Question 7: The word “unravel” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A evaluate B disclose C calculate D discover Question 8: What is a possible similarity between the new coronavirus and the coronavirus that caused the SARS outbreak? A They both pass directly from bats to humans B They both jump quickly from bats to cat-like civets C They both spread to humans from an intermediary species D They both originate from markets that where animals are sold Question 9: The phrase “ruled out” in paragraph can be best replaced by _ A declined B eliminated C disqualified D expelled Question 10: One study did not consider the pangolin as an intermediary host because A the pangolins lack a chain of amino acids that is present in the human body Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline B the virus samples taken from pangolins are different from those of humans C the human body does not naturally have a particular chain of amino acids D the virus circulates in humans but does not circulate in pangolins at all Question 11: The word “they” in paragraph refers to A humans B cells C pangolins D results Question 12: Which of the following is NOT TRUE, according to the passage? A Many scientists think the possibility of the new coronavirus coming from bats is strong B The coronavirus which caused the SARS outbreak jumped from civets to humans C Pangolins have a unique characteristic that allows the coronavirus to grow in their bodies D The first known COVID-19 patient was not directly exposed to the Wuhan market Question 13: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A If we know nothing about the origin of a pandemic, it will be harder to fight the next one B The new coronavirus undoubtedly originated from bats but the intermediary is unknown C Researchers will very soon determine exactly how the new coronavirus spread to humans D Scientists should have focused their research on animals like pigeons instead of pangolins PASSAGE Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions The Chinese government has removed pangolin scales from its 2020 list of approved ingredients used in traditional Chinese medicine, a move campaigners describe as a "critical step" towards saving the world's most trafficked mammal Pangolins are highly valued in Asia for scales, which many people believe can improve blood circulation and reduce inflammation Last year alone, authorities confiscated more than 130 tons of illegal pangolin related products There are eight species of pangolin found in Asia and Africa To date, three species are listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, while the remaining five are listed as either vulnerable or endangered According to Chinese media, the latest edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia - an official government list of drugs covering approved traditional Chinese and Western medicines - no longer includes pangolin scales The decision to remove the pangolin from the official list comes just days after China's State Forestry and Grassland Bureau announced that the Chinese pangolin would be upgraded to a "first-level protected wild animal," the highest possible protection status alongside pandas and tigers While conservationists from China and other countries have praised the actions of Chinese authorities, some still felt that they came a bit too late "Many years have passed How many pangolins have already been hunted and Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline killed?" said Sophia Zhang, director of the Pangolin Working Group at the China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (Adapted from edition.cnn.com) Question 1: What is the best title for this passage? A What We Can All Do To Protect Pangolins B Why Are Chinese Pangolins Under Threat? C Pangolin Scales: How Valuable Are They? D A Big Step In The Protection Of Pangolins Question 2: The word “confiscated” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A robbed B detained C arrested D seized Question 3: How have conservationists in China and in other countries react to the Chinese government’s actions? A They are pleased but some felt that actions should have been taken sooner B They believe these actions are useless, given the number of pangolins killed C They doubt whether these actions will prevent people from hunting pangolins D They are all glad that Chinese authorities have taken measures at the right time Question 4: Which of the following is NOT TRUE, according to the passage? A It is widely believed that pangolin scales have medicinal powers B The Chinese government has a list of approved medicines C There are five species of pangolins that are not endangered D Pandas and tigers are first-level protected wild animals in China Question 5: The word “they” in paragraph refers to A conservationists B countries C actions D authorities PASSAGE Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions In China, where strict measures were taken, the COVID-19 pandemic has been brought under control and life has somewhat returned to normality as a result However, it has still led to some significant and unprecedented issues in terms of interpersonal relationships To begin with, the high-pressure environment of confinement during COVID-19 lockdowns, combined with the enormous financial stress brought about by a coronavirus-affected economy, has led to a rise in marital conflict And in China, this worrying trend is clearly illustrated by a spike in divorce rates Adding to the problem is the fact that the process of divorcing in this country is very easy and quick In fact, couples can make appointments to file for Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline divorce on the social media platform WeChat It should also be noted that the rate of divorce in China has already increased steadily from 2003, well before the outbreak of COVID-19 Additionally, conflicts arising during lockdown have led to an increase of cases of domestic violence Pandemic stress, the pressures of working from home, school closures, and social isolation have all contributed to a rise in abusive behaviours in families In Hubei province, the heart of the initial outbreak, reported cases of domestic violence increased threefold since the pandemic started A similar increase has also been reported in many other countries across Europe where lockdowns have been implemented Another challenge that families are facing is the increased burden of care as a result of quarantine measures and home-schooling situations Often, women end up shouldering a greater burden, given typically unequal divisions in household labour Statistics have shown that women spend 2.5 times more time on unpaid care work than men in China Problems have also arisen when Chinese citizens turn to their friends and wider communities to seek help on how to navigate the conflicts and strains of family relationships The elderly, for example, are less familiar with online communication technologies and will therefore feel less connected to others At the other end of the scale, the younger generation is relying even more on online technologies to connect with others And while these virtual friendships are a good thing in many cases, research shows that an increased use of social media can actually make young people feel more isolated (Adapted from bbc.com) Question 6: Which best serves as the title for the passage? A What Makes The COVID-19 Pandemic Stressful For Chinese People? B COVID-19 And The Immense Burdens It Placed On Chinese Women C Mental Impacts Of COVID-19 In China: Who Is The Most Vulnerable? D How COVID-19 Has Affected The Relationships Of Chinese Citizens Question 7: The word “it” in paragraph refers to _ A pandemic B control C life D normality Question 8: According to paragraph 2, marital conflict increased because of _ A the collapse of economies caused by the coronavirus B the high level of coronavirus-related stress and pressure C the fear of being infected with COVID-19 in lockdown D the uncomfortable living conditions of confinement Question 9: The word “illustrated” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A proposed B endorsed C summarised D demonstrated Question 10: Based on paragraph 4, it can be seen that in China, Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline A the majority of women not have stable jobs like those of men B housework is often not divided equally between men and women C home-schooling eases the burden of care as it becomes more common D women devote far more of their time on unpaid care work than men Question 11: Which of the following is NOT TRUE, according to the passage? A Chinese couples can now make divorce appointments using social media B Social isolation contributes to increased domestic violence C Domestic violence is more severe in China than in Europe D Domestic violence cases have tripled in Hubei since the pandemic began Question 12: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A Before the year 2003, the rate of divorce in China was always extremely low B Cases of domestic violence in China mainly originated from financial problems C The old use online communication technologies less effectively than the young D Young people should never think about establishing strong relationships on the Internet Question 13: The word “navigate” in paragraph can be best replaced by _ A organize B handle C operate D direct PASSAGE 10 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Being obese is known to increase the risk of a number of diseases, including heart disease, cancer and type diabetes Early research suggests it may also make people more ill with COVID-19, but why is this the case? The more overweight you are, the more fat you're carrying, the less fit you are and the lower your lung capacity This means it is a bigger struggle to get oxygen into the blood and around the body This impacts on the heart and blood flow too "Because people are more overweight, they also have a demand for more oxygen So that means their system is actually undergoing greater pressure," says Prof Naveed Sattar, from the University of Glasgow During an infection like coronavirus, this can be serious "Eventually the infected and obese body becomes overwhelmed by the lack of oxygen getting to the major organs," says Dr Dyan Sellayah, from the University of Reading That is one reason why overweight and obese people in intensive care are more likely to need assistance with breathing and support with kidney function There can also be challenges when it comes to managing COVID-19 patients with obesity in intensive care units because it is much more difficult to intubate them, and sometimes scanning them may be impossible because of weight limits Heavier patients may also be more tricky to turn or prone in order to help them relieve their breathing Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline (Adapted from edition.cnn.com) Question 1: What is the best title for this passage? A Doctors Are Struggling With Obese COVID-19 Patients B What You Can Do To Prevent Obesity And Its Effects C Obesity Means You Can Suffer More From COVID-19 D How Do We Protect Obese People From COVID-19? Question 2: The word “struggle” in paragraph refers to _ A nuisance B conflict C effort D movement Question 3: Why are obese COVID-19 patients more likely to need assistance with breathing and support with kidney function? A Because their lungs would be overloaded with blood B Because their immune system is weakened by excess fat C Because their major organs will not have enough oxygen D Because their blood flow will be affected by the virus Question 4: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge in managing obese COVID-19 patients in intensive care units? A Intubation is much more difficult B They cannot be moved at all C They may be too heavy to scan D Breathing relief can be tricky for them Question 5: The word “them” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A challenges B patients C units D limits PASSAGE 11 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions As the COVID-19 pandemic rages on all around the globe, video conferencing tools are helping us stay employed and connected, and it is no overstatement to say that we’re on video calls more than ever before However, most of the time, many of us are still finding online meetings particularly exhausting, and this feeling is by no means irrational For one thing, being on a video call requires more focus than a face-to-face chat, says Gianpiero Petriglieri, an associate professor who explores sustainable learning and development in the workplace at the private business school INSEAD Video chats mean we need to work harder to process our colleagues’ non-verbal cues like facial Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 10 Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline C Because the tone and pitch of our colleagues’ voices can be radically changed D Because it takes more effort to process non-verbal cues via these calls Question 9: The word “these” in paragraph refers to _ A chats B colleagues C cues D expressions Question 10: According to paragraph 3, delay or silence in phone or video calls can A make people so discomfort that they become unwilling to speak aloud B create a negative impression of other people’s personality or attitude C lead people to believe that they not know how to use technology D produce a unique rhythm different from that of real-life conversations Question 11: The word “shape” in paragraph can be best replaced by _ A fabricate B influence C assemble D regulate Question 12: Which of the following is TRUE, according to paragraphs and 5? A When on camera, we generally not realise that people are watching us B People are much more confident when they see their faces on the screen C Video calling in the workplace is, in reality, completely unnecessary D Sharing files with notes may be better than video calls in many cases Question 13: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A Many managers still think keeping cameras on throughout video calls is essential B Vital issues should be discussed right away in video calls to reduce their duration C Sharing files is only more effective than video meetings if clear notes are provided D In almost every case, video meetings are still by far the most efficient option of all PASSAGE 12 Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 12 Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Since Libya's collapse into a state of near perpetual conflict following the 2011 revolution, daily life has become so difficult and so dangerous for charities that there are only 13 international non-governmental organisations (NGO) workers left in the entire country; the rest have been evacuated to neighbouring Tunisia Liam, 33, became country manager for HALO Trust, the UK mine-clearing charity, in 2018 "Libyans not like staying indoors at all," says Liam "Some people think it [the virus] has already passed I wouldn't be surprised if it was the first country in the world to declare itself Covid-free." There is a curfew, he says, that differs according to which militia is in charge The one controlling the west suddenly announced a 10-day, 24-hour lockdown but gave everyone just half a day's notice The result: everyone rushed to the shops, with no social distancing Given the current threat from coronavirus, HALO has been working with Libya's National Centre for Disease Control in the city of Misrata to try to offer health solutions Libya's civil war has recently worsened, he adds, and the renewed fighting has meant a lot of people not have access to water or electricity, while cities are frequently getting shelled Since March, HALO has started augmenting its normal work - clearing away the dangerous debris of war from residential areas - with action to help Libya cope with Covid infections."A few nights ago an ammunition store exploded nearby so we headed out to help the city clear away the deadly debris that was scattered all over," Liam says "The next day we planned a Covid response reaching 1.2 million people across the central region of Libya The charity is now using its fleet of vehicles for 'risk-messaging' - spreading advice to Libyans on how to avoid infection from Covid-19 It is also adapting its data mapping technology, normally used to plot areas with unexploded bombs, to map which areas have done risk messaging and contact tracing Liam's work is both difficult and dangerous Battle lines keep shifting and in a country with so many armed militias the rule of the gun is paramount." But Libyans, he says, are incredibly resilient They have been through so much "Libyans just want to see their country recover and we want to help them." he says (Adapted from bbc.com) Question 1: What is the best title for this passage? A How war affect people in Libya modern days? B Coping with coronavirus in a war zone in Libya C Libya has one of the worst healthcare system in the world D The war is doing serious damage to Libya healthcare system Question 2: The word “debris” in paragraph is closest in meaning to Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 13 Cô Phạm Liễu A crosses B spoils C remains Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline D ruins Question 3: All of the following are mentioned as actions to help Libya cope with Covid infections EXCEPT A clearing away the dangerous debris of war B plan a Covid response reaching 1.2 million people across the central region of Libya C spreading advice to Libyans on how to avoid infection from Covid-19 D provide people across Libya with necessary medical support Question 4: The word “It” in paragraph refers to _ A the charity B the Libyans C the virus D the vehicle Question 5: According to the author, what is the characteristic that will help Libyans overcome this pandemic? A courageous B caring C resilient D thoughtful PASSAGE 13 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Preparations for an outbreak of coronavirus were underway in Afghanistan as the country confirmed its first case in the western province of Herat, which borders Iran The affected Herat residents had recently returned from Qom in Iran, where the coronavirus outbreak has already killed at least 16 people and infected dozens of others, according to Iranian officials Afghanistan’s national Security Council announced on Monday that all air travel to and from Iran had been suspended and borders had been closed However, an estimated 3,000 people cross between Iran and Afghanistan illegally every day Oral swabs have been sent from Herat to Kabul’s central public health laboratory for testing The laboratory in Kabul is the only one in the country of 35 million people able to test for the virus It has just three machines The Afghan-Japan Communicable Disease Hospital in Kabul was gearing up to treat the virus in the city, where so far no cases have been reported Munir Shah, a nurse at the hospital, said: “I’m very scared The situation is tense I walk through the empty halls and I worry that they might fill up.” The hospital in the west of Kabul, which normally treats HIV and tuberculosis patients, has increased its bed count from 60 to 100, and has constructed separate male and female isolation wards Though it is empty and eerie, new equipment is arriving daily Coronavirus awareness brochures and posters have been put up around the building “People are afraid,” said Dr Mohammed Khan, one of the hospital’s heads, but Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 14 Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline he added he felt confident “We are ready to take on patients We’ve dealt with other highly contagious viruses in the past, and we will be able to handle this one too – if it comes to Kabul.” But amid political turmoil, the threat of a wider coronavirus outbreak has added to an already tense environment throughout Afghanistan Last week’s election results, in which President Ashraf Ghani was reelected for another five-year term, have been disputed by his main rival Abdullah Abdullah, who also declared himself the winner and said he would form a separate government (Adapted from bbc.com) Question 6: What is the best title for this passage? A Afghanistan is ignoring the rules and protesting against social distancing policies B The Afghanistan’s government has a lot of abnormal measures compared to other countries C War is happening in Afghanistan D Coronavirus is intimidating people in Afghanistan Question 7: The word “It” in paragraph refers to _ A the country B the virus C the lab D Kabul Question 8: All of the following are mentioned as things to help the people in the pandemic EXCEPT A foods and drinks B posters C new equipment D brochures Question 9: The word “turmoil” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A nauseating B drowsy C confusion D dizzy Question 10: According to the author, how was Afghanistan before the outbreak first struck? A It was a peaceful country B It was already a tense environment because of political turmoil C It was really sophisticated because there was a war throughout the country D It was not very good because Afghanistan is a poor country Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 15 Cô Phạm Liễu PASSAGE 14 Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions With more countries planning to loosen restrictions imposed due to coronavirus but the UK prime minister, Boris Johnson, and the German chancellor, Angela Merkel, concerned about the potential for a resurgence or second wave, here is what we know from the rest of the world about the risk of Covid-19 coming back Epidemics of infectious diseases behave in different ways but the 1918 influenza pandemic that killed more than 50 million people is regarded as a key example of a pandemic that occurred in multiple waves, with the latter more severe than the first It has been replicated – albeit more mildly – in subsequent flu pandemics How and why multiple-wave outbreaks occur, and how subsequent waves of infection can be prevented, has become a staple of epidemiological modelling studies and pandemic preparation, which have looked at everything from social behaviour and health policy to vaccination and the buildup of community immunity, also known as herd immunity In general terms the ratio of susceptible and immune individuals in a population at the end of one wave determines the potential magnitude of a subsequent wave The worry right now is that with a vaccine still months away, and the real rate of infection only being guessed at, populations worldwide remain highly vulnerable to both resurgence and subsequent waves As Justin Lessler, an associate professor of epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University, wrote strikingly for the Washington Post in March: “Epidemics are like fires When fuel is plentiful, they rage uncontrollably, and when it is scarce, they smoulder slowly “Epidemiologists call this intensity the ‘force of infection’, and the fuel that drives it is the population’s susceptibility to the pathogen As repeated waves of the epidemic reduce susceptibility (whether through complete or partial immunity), they also reduce the force of infection, lowering the risk of illness even among those with no immunity.” The problem is that we not know how much fuel is still available for the virus (Adapted from theguardian.com) Question 1: What is the best title for this passage? A Life after the coronavirus pandemic B Why coronavirus is so dangerous and lethal? C Will there be a second wave of coronavirus? D What action should schools and local authorities take to prevent infections? Question 2: The word “It” in paragraph refers to _ Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 16 Cô Phạm Liễu A the 1918 influenza pandemic C the key example Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline B the infectious disease D the wave Question 3: According to the author, what has become a staple of epidemiological modelling studies and pandemic preparation? A populations worldwide remain highly vulnerable to both resurgence and subsequent waves B the end of one wave determines the potential magnitude of a subsequent wave C how and why multiple-wave outbreaks occur, how subsequent waves can be prevented D epidemiologists call the intensity the ‘force of infection’, and the fuel that drives it is the population’s susceptibility to the pathogen Question 4: The word “scarce” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A huge B little C reduce D disappear Question 5: All of the following are mentioned as reasons that there might be a resurgence of coronavirus EXCEPT A the real rate of infection only being guessed at B the vaccine is still months away C we not know how much fuel is still available for the virus D many countries are still protesting against the government’s decision PASSAGE 15 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions It would be hard to overstate the importance of developing a vaccine to Sars-CoV-2 – it’s seen as the fast track to a return to normal life That’s why the health secretary, Matt Hancock, said the UK was “throwing everything at it” But while trials have been launched and manufacturing deals already signed – Oxford University is now recruiting 10,000 volunteers for the next phase of its research – ministers and their advisers have become noticeably more cautious in recent days Earlier this week, England’s deputy chief medical officer Jonathan Van-Tam said the words nobody wanted to hear: “We can’t be sure we will get a vaccine.”But he was right to be circumspect Vaccines are simple in principle but complex in practice The ideal vaccine protects against infection, prevents its spread, and does so safely But none of this is easily achieved, as vaccine timelines show Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 17 Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline Scientists have worked on coronavirus vaccines before, so are not starting from scratch Two coronaviruses have caused lethal outbreaks before, namely Sars and Mers, and vaccine research went ahead for both But none have been licensed, partly because Sars fizzled out and Mers is regional to the Middle East The lessons learned will help scientists create a vaccine for Sars-CoV-2, but there is still an awful lot to learn about the virus In all likelihood, a coronavirus vaccine will not be 100% effective Ideally, the vaccine will generate persistent, high levels of antibodies to wipe out the virus and also “T” cells to destroy infected cells But each vaccine is different and today no one knows what kind of immune response is good enough People will have to adapt – and life will change Heymann says we will have to get used to extensive monitoring for infections backed up by swift outbreak containment People must play their part too, by maintaining handwashing, physical distancing and avoiding gatherings, particularly in enclosed spaces Repurposed drugs are faster to test than vaccines, so we may have an antiviral or an antibody treatment that works before a vaccine is available, he adds Immediate treatment when symptoms come on could at least reduce the death rate (Adapted from theguardian.com) Question 6: What is the best title for this passage? A England will be the first country to successfully develop the vaccine B Why we might not get a coronavirus vaccine? C The side effects of the vaccine D Coronavirus vaccine will save us all Question 7: The word “it” in paragraph refers to _ A the fast track B the health secretary C developing a vaccine D the importance Question 8: All of the following are mentioned as how would coronavirus vaccine be like EXCEPT A It may cause severe cases of weight loss and memory loss B no one knows what kind of immune response is good enough C Ideally, it will generate persistent by creating high levels of antibodies and “T” cells D it will not be 100% effective Question 9: The word “fizzled out” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A break out B pass out C died out D put out Question 10: According to the author, how was Afghanistan before the outbreak first struck? Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 18 Cô Phạm Liễu A It was a peaceful country Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline B It was already a tense environment because of political turmoil C It was really sophisticated because there was a war throughout the country D It was not very good because Afghanistan is a poor country PASSAGE 16 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions A 43-year-old British man may undergo a lung transplant in Vietnam, where he is critically ill with Covid-19 The man, a Vietnam Airlines pilot, developed a fever and cough on 17 March, and was later admitted to Ho Chi Minh City Hospital for Tropical Diseases He is on a extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machine, a form of life support used when a person’s heart or lungs are unable to function fully, and is being treated with antibiotics and dialysis, the government’s news portal VGP News reported Lung ultrasound scans indicate his right lung has collapsed, according to a Ministry of Health report published on Monday The man is reportedly experiencing cytokine storms, an overreaction of the immune system Regular updates are published on state media, and many in the country have commented online, wishing him well When a patient tests positive for the virus, they are assigned a patient number and their anonymised travel history – including details where they have eaten, or where and when they went to a market or bar – are published online and on state media At-risk people are then required to report to health authorities to be tested Anyone found to spread fake news has been fined Vietnam, a country of 96 million people, which shares a border with China, has so far recorded just 288 cases of Covid-19 and no deaths, owing in part to its aggressive contact tracing campaigns, clear public health messaging and quick action The country has gradually increased its testing capacity while organising mass quarantines of contacts potentially exposed to the virus In early April, when the highest numbers were quarantined, Vietnam isolated nearly 70,000 people, including more than 44,000 in military camps and university dormitories All arrivals from overseas are subject to a mandatory 14 days’ quarantine The country has carried out more than 260,000 tests, which are free for almost all cases A nationwide lockdown was eased two weeks ago, and Vietnam has been without community transmission for 22 days (Adapted from theguardian.com) Question 1: What is the best title for this passage? A British attitude toward Vietnam’s measures B British Covid-19 patient in Vietnam could have lung transplant C British Covid-19 patient could die because of coronavirus infection D British Covid-19 is receiving medical support from friendly neighboring countries Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 19 Cô Phạm Liễu Question 2: The word “they” in paragraph refers to _ Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline A the media B people who spread fake news C patients tested positive D the patient numbers Question 3: According to the author, what happened to people found spread fake news? A they have been arrested B they have been fined C they have been held captive D they have been forced to voluntary work Question 4: The word “aggressive” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A violent B angry C forceful D determined Question 5: All of the following are mentioned as reasons that lead to Vietnam’s success in stopping the outbreak of COVID-19 EXCEPT A aggressive contact tracing campaigns B clear public health messaging C quick action D help from neighboring countries PASSAGE 17 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Vietnam didn’t just flatten its coronavirus curve, it crushed it No deaths have been reported, official case numbers have plateaued at just 271, and no community transmissions of the virus have been reported in the last two weeks On 23 April, the nation eased lockdowns in its major cities and life is gradually returning to normal It is a stark contrast to many other nations including the US, where more Americans have died from Covid-19 than during the entire Vietnam war Kidong Park, the World Health Organisation’s representative to Vietnam, has praised the country’s response to the crisis Quarantining tens of thousands in military-style camps and vigorous contact tracing procedures have helped Vietnam to avoid the disasters unfolding in Europe and the US After testing over 213,000 people, the nation has the highest test-per-confirmed-case ratio of any country in the world A creative public information campaign featuring viral handwashing songs and propaganda-style art helped, but it was decisive early action – hastened by a government praised for its response to Sars in 2003 – that proved most effective A report released by the International Labour Organisation last month said at least 10 million Vietnamese could lose their jobs or face reduced income in the second quarter of 2020 The International Monetary Fund predicts a growth rate of 2.7% for Vietnam in 2020, a drop from around 7% last year In early April, the government announced a $2.5bn support package for Vietnam’s poor, with the most vulnerable receiving $76 per week “Rice ATMs” and “zero dong stores” have been set up in major cities to assist those hardest hit, yet even when combined with additional government funding, such support only goes so far Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 20 Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline A Hanoi-based economist, Nguyen Van Trang, says the path ahead looks ominous “Incredibly difficult decisions lie ahead on how and when to reopen the country…,” she says, but adds that despite external risks Vietnam has begun to restore manufacturing, services and retail sectors “The internal resilience is huge A large part of the population survived through hardships during the war, so they will be able to bounce back very quickly Whatever the future holds, Vietnam, a nation of 96 million, appears to have contained the virus As of Wednesday, Singapore had 19,410 confirmed cases of Covid-19 – the highest in south-east Asia – and 18 deaths, while Indonesia has more than 12,000 cases and 872 deaths As Vietnam emerges from lockdown, the eyes of the world will be watching (Adapted from theguardian.com) Question 6: What is the best title for this passage? A Vietnamese people might face a huge famine and extreme poverty B Vietnam will properly be the first country to successfully develop the vaccine C Businesses in Vietnam are closing down and cannot recover due to the lockdown D Vietnam defeated the coronavirus outbreak, but now faces severe economic test Question 7: The word “it” in paragraph refers to _ A the coronavirus B Vietnam C the flat D the curve Question 8: All of the following are mentioned as actions taken by the government to support Vietnamese during the pandemic EXCEPT A announced a support package for the poor B set up rice ATMs C set up zero dong stores D offered free restaurant meals Question 9: The word “vigorous” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A healthy B forceful C strong D energetic Question 10: According to the author, what will happen to Vietnam after the lockdown? A It will become a superpower and have a huge influence on the world map B It will face the risk of unfolding wars with neighboring countries C It will be admired by the whole world for having contained the virus with no deaths D It will gain greater benefits from international events or meetings PASSAGE 18 Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 21 Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions About 300 volunteers will be immunised against COVID-19 with a new UK vaccine in the coming weeks, as part of a trial led by Professor Robin Shattock and his colleagues, at Imperial College London Previously, tests in animals suggested the vaccine is safe and triggers an effective immune response After this first phase, another trial is being planned for October, involving 6,000 people The Imperial team hopes that it could be distributed in the UK and overseas from early 2021 Many traditional vaccines are based on a weakened or modified form of virus, or parts of it, but the Imperial vaccine is based on a new approach, using synthetic strands of genetic code, called RNA, which mimic the virus Once injected into muscle, the RNA self-amplifies - generating copies of itself This should train the human body to recognise and fight coronavirus without having to develop COVID-19 Furthermore, the Imperial team says one litre of its synthetic material will be enough to produce two million doses Prof Shattock and his team say there are no particular safety concerns with their vaccine, but they are still proceeding with caution, considering the fact that their approach is quite novel Prof Shattock also added: "If our approach works and the vaccine provides effective protection against disease, it could revolutionise how we respond to disease outbreaks in future." (Adapted from bbc.com) Question 1: What is the best title for this passage? A Coronavirus Vaccines Should Not Be Tested On Animals B How Regular Coronavirus Vaccines Work C Concerns About The Safety Of New Coronavirus Vaccine D A Newly Developed Coronavirus Vaccine Question 2: The word “it” in paragraph refers to A trial B vaccine C response D phase Question 3: According to paragraph 2, when the RNA from the vaccine self-amplifies, A it should help the entire immune system avoid coronavirus infection B it should help the body learn how to detect and resist the coronavirus C it should develop a weak form of COVID-19 to help the body adapt D it should recognise and destroy the coronavirus if the body is infected Question 4: Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Imperial vaccine, according to the passage? A It may be distributed around the world from early 2021 B It has been proven to be safe when tested on animals C It is not based on any traditional approaches to vaccines Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 22 Cô Phạm Liễu D It will be tested on 6,000 people in the coming weeks Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline Question 5: The word “novel” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A ridiculous B paranormal C exceptional D imaginary PASSAGE 19 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions With the possibility of a full return to normal life from COVID-19 lockdown described as a “fantasy”, Oak National Academy, a new UK online school set up to support pupils in lockdown, is preparing to record 10,000 lessons in July, as the government spends £4.3m on providing an online learning backup plan during the new academic year The online educational establishment is currently recruiting 300 teachers to create and record a huge bank of video lessons next month, covering the entire national curriculum for both primary and secondary schools “We’re trying to make it as easy as possible for schools to have a really good-quality backup plan if, for whatever reason – and we hope this doesn’t happen – all their pupils can’t be back in school full time for the year ahead,” said Matt Hood, the academy’s principal “We’re in a slightly weird position where a great outcome for us is that no one uses us.” Since lockdowns began, the academy’s 80 teachers have recorded more than 200 online lessons each week from their homes In total, they have managed to deliver lessons to around four million pupils But Hood is concerned that many children from poorer backgrounds haven’t had the technology to access education like their wealthier peers, which is why he is working on getting the Department for Education to supply all pupils with an Internet-connected device should they need one He also added that the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport should ensure that all online learning platforms could be accessed via a mobile phone connection for free The school had recently been criticised for not having enough teachers from diverse backgrounds He explained: “The team were some teachers who knew each other, who started messaging each other in a WhatsApp group to see if we could help out The consequence is that we haven’t been thoughtful or deliberate about diversity.” However, he is planning to address this issue during his current recruitment drive and to make sure the academy’s curriculum covers black history and the slave trade, promotes gender equality and reflects the diversity of its learners (Adapted from theguardian.com) Question 6: Which best serves as the title for the passage? A What Should Be Done To Ensure That Every UK Pupil Have Equal Access To Education? B New UK Online School Is Bringing Education To Pupils During COVID-19 Lockdown C The UK Government Must Help Poor Pupils As COVID-19 Continues, Said Teachers D How An Online School In The UK Is Addressing The Problem Of Racial Diversity Question 7: In paragraph 2, Matt Hood said the Oak National Academy “is in a slightly weird position” because A the best scenario is the one in which no one uses the online academy Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 23 Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline B many UK schools will be forced to use their video lessons for teaching C he thinks the video lessons would not be able to help students effectively D students not like to watch the video lessons although they are necessary Question 8: The word “bank” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A assembly B convention C gathering D collection Question 9: According to paragraph 3, what is Matt Hood trying to convince the Department for Education to do? A Teaching needy pupils how to access the Internet B Providing all pupils with whatever technology they want C Finding out how many pupils cannot learn online D Giving poor pupils Internet-connected devices if needed Question 10: The word “they” in paragraph can be best replaced by _ A lockdowns B teachers C lessons D homes Question 11: Which of the following is NOT TRUE, according to the passage? A The UK government have invested in a backup plan for online education B Teachers at the Oak National Academy have recorded millions of lessons C Matt Hood believes authorities should make online learning platforms free D The Oak National Academy has been condemned for the lack of diversity Question 12: The word “thoughtful” in paragraph refers to A attentive B sympathetic C comprehensive D charitable Question 13: Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A The UK government will spend even more money on online education in the future B The Oak National Academy intends to record new lessons for high school students C The majority of poor pupils in the UK not have access to lessons on the Internet D The Oak National Academy’s curriculum currently has no lessons on black history PASSAGE 84 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 24 Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline While masks are indispensable for many of us as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, others still wonder: Does wearing a mask pose any health risks? And the answer, for the most part, is no It is true that babies, toddlers and anyone who has trouble removing masks without help from other people should not wear them because there is the risk of suffocation However, others can wear masks without risking their health In areas where COVID-19 is spreading, health experts agree that wearing masks or other face coverings in public helps reduce the risk of spreading the virus when people cannot practice social distancing The coronavirus mainly spreads through droplets that are emitted when people talk, cough, or sneeze, and masks lower the likelihood of these droplets reaching other people, thereby minimizing infection risks This is important because even if you don’t have symptoms, you could still be carrying the virus and could still spread it When it’s humid outside, it could feel like it’s harder to breathe if you’re not used to wearing a mask, said Benjamin Neuman, a professor of biology at Texas A&M University-Texarkana But he said masks don’t significantly decrease oxygen in the body There’s also no evidence that the use of masks causes fungal or bacterial infections, according to Davidson Hamer, an infectious disease expert at Boston University Disposable face masks are meant to be used once, then thrown in the garbage With cloth masks, it’s a good idea to wash them regularly (Adapted from apnews.com) Question 1: What is the best title for this passage? A Does Wearing A Mask Pose Risks To Our Health? B Why Can’t We Breathe Easily When Wearing Masks? C If Babies Can’t Wear Masks, How Do We Protect Them? D Can Masks Really Reduce The Spread Of The Coronavirus? Question 2: The word “them” in paragraph refers to A babies B toddlers C masks D people Question 3: According to paragraph 3, masks can reduce infection risks by A preventing people from spreading the virus when it’s humid outside B reducing oxygen levels in the body and thus make breathing harder C lowering the possibility of droplets spreading from people to people D making people less likely to cough and sneeze when meeting others Question 4: The word “emitted” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A circulated B released C distributed D conveyed Question 5: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A People can still carry and spread the virus even if you show no symptoms Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 25 Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline B The amount of oxygen in the body is not significantly affected by masks C There is no evidence to conclude that masks lead to bacterial infections D Cloth masks are better than disposable ones because they can be washed Tham gia nhóm: Bứt phá điểm số môn Anh cô Phạm Liễu để thảo luận Link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/686018202246572/ Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 26 ... The COVID- 19 Pandemic Stressful For Chinese People? B COVID- 19 And The Immense Burdens It Placed On Chinese Women C Mental Impacts Of COVID- 19 In China: Who Is The Most Vulnerable? D How COVID- 19. .. questions Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 24 Cô Phạm Liễu Tài liệu dành cho học sinh online offline While masks are indispensable for many of us as the COVID- 19 pandemic... receiving medical support from friendly neighboring countries Cô Phạm Liễu: https://www.facebook.com/lieupham.fatima Page 19 Cô Phạm Liễu Question 2: The word “they” in paragraph refers to