4.1 Kết luận
Một số kết quả đạt được như sau:
- Đã nghiên cứu sự hấp phụ chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ và vô cơ của than hoạt tính. - Đã nghiên cứu nhiệt độ ủ và thời gian nung phù hợp để hình thành màng
mỏng TiO2/Ti.
- Đã nghiên cứu khả năng diệt khuẩn của vật liệu Ag/Ti với các điều kiện khác nhau.
- Đã xử lý hàm lượng carbon hữu cơ có trong nước với một số mẫu nước thực tế.
4.2 Kiến nghị
- Cần kiểm tra hàm lượng carbon hữu cơ sau khi xử lý theo tiêu chuẩn của mẫu nước uống.
- Cần kiểm tra hệ số sinh hóa, vi sinh vật của mẫu nước sau khi xử lý.
- Nên kiểm tra sự ảnh hưởng của các loại đèn UV khác nhau trong quá trình quang xúc tác.
- Cần kiểm tra khả năng kháng khuẩn của tầng vật liệu Ag/Ti với thời gian ngắn hơn phù hợp với lõi của bình lọc nước.
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
[1] J. Zhao, L. Yang, F. Li, R. Yu, and C. Jin, “Structural evolution in the graphitization process of activated carbon by high-pressure sintering,”
Carbon N. Y., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 744–751, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.11.006.
[2] A. Peigney, C. Laurent, E. Flahaut, R. R. Bacsa, and A. Rousset, “CNTの比 表面積の求め方.pdf,” vol. 39, pp. 507–514, 2001.
[3] P. Barpanda, G. Fanchini, and G. G. Amatucci, “Structure, surface
morphology and electrochemical properties of brominated activated carbons,”
Carbon N. Y., vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 2538–2548, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.02.028.
[4] F. Chen et al., “Wheat straw-derived N-, O-, and S-tri-doped porous carbon with ultrahigh specific surface area for lithium-sulfur batteries,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1–15, 2018, doi: 10.3390/ma11060989.
[5] K. Chandrasekhar, “Effective and Nonprecious Cathode Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Microbial Fuel Cells,” Microb. Electrochem. Technol., pp. 485–501, 2019, doi: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64052-9.00019-4.
[6] Trần Quang Sáng. (2014). Nghiên Cứu Sự Hấp Phụ Của Than Hoạt Tính Dạng Siêu Mịn. Luận Án Tiến Sĩ Hóa Học. Viện Khoa Học và Công Nghệ Quân Sự.
[7] A. Da̧browski, “Adsorption - From theory to practice,” Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 93, no. 1–3, pp. 135–224, 2001, doi: 10.1016/S0001-
8686(00)00082-8.
[8] Huỳnh Thu Nga. (2016). Nghiên Cứu Hấp Phụ Metylen Xanh Trong Môi Trường Nước Sử Dụng Vật Liệu Hấp Phụ Chế Tạo Từ Bã Chè Biến Tính.
Luận Văn Thạc Sĩ. Đại Học Thái Nguyên.
[9] Y. S. Al-Degs, M. I. El-Barghouthi, A. H. El-Sheikh, and G. M. Walker, “Effect of solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature on adsorption behavior of reactive dyes on activated carbon,” Dye. Pigment., vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 16–
23, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2007.03.001.
[10] D. Reyes-Coronado, G. Rodríguez-Gattorno, M. E. Espinosa-Pesqueira, C. Cab, R. De Coss, and G. Oskam, “Phase-pure TiO2 nanoparticles: Anatase, brookite and rutile,” Nanotechnology, vol. 19, no. 14, 2008, doi:
10.1088/0957-4484/19/14/145605.
[11] A. L. Linsebigler, G. Lu, and J. T. Yates, “Photocatalysis on TiO2 Surfaces: Principles, Mechanisms, and Selected Results,” Chem. Rev., vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 735–758, 1995, doi: 10.1021/cr00035a013.
[12] W. K. Li, X. Q. Gong, G. Lu, and A. Selloni, “Different reactivities of TiO2 polymorphs: comparative DFT calculations of water and formic acid
adsorption at anatase and brookite TiO2 surfaces,” J. Phys. Chem. C, vol. 112, no. 17, pp. 6594–6596, 2008, doi: 10.1021/jp802335h.
[13] M. Xu et al., “Photocatalytic activity of bulk TiO2 anatase and rutile single crystals using infrared absorption spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 106, no. 13, pp. 1–4, 2011, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.138302.
[14] Trần Mạnh Trí. (2014). Quang xúc tác – Khoa học và ứng dụng. Nxb Khoa Học và Kỹ Thuật.
[15] M. A. Barakat, H. Schaeffer, G. Hayes, and S. Ismat-Shah, “Photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol by Co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles,” Appl. Catal. B Environ., vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 23–30, 2005, doi:
10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.10.001.
[16] A. A. Ismail, “Synthesis and characterization of Y2O3/Fe 2O3/TiO2
nanoparticles by sol-gel method,” Appl. Catal. B Environ., vol. 58, no. 1–2, pp. 115–121, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.11.022.
[17] P. Anil Kumar Reddy, P. Venkata Laxma Reddy, V. Maitrey Sharma, B. Srinivas, V. D. Kumari, and M. Subrahmanyam, “Photocatalytic Degradation of Isoproturon Pesticide on C, N and S Doped TiO2,” J. Water Resour. Prot., vol. 02, no. 03, pp. 235–244, 2010, doi: 10.4236/jwarp.2010.23027.
[18] C. C. Pan and J. C. S. Wu, “Visible-light response Cr-doped TiO2-XNX photocatalysts,” Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 102–107, 2006, doi:
10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.12.013.
[19] K. Kočí et al., “Effect of TiO2 particle size on the photocatalytic reduction of CO2,” Appl. Catal. B Environ., vol. 89, no. 3–4, pp. 494–502, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.01.010.
[20] O. Carp, C. L. Huisman, and A. Reller, “Photoinduced reactivity of titanium dioxide,” Prog. Solid State Chem., vol. 32, no. 1–2, pp. 33–177, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2004.08.001.
[21] X. Chen and S. S. Mao, “Titanium dioxide nanomaterials: Synthesis,
properties, modifications and applications,” Chem. Rev., vol. 107, no. 7, pp. 2891–2959, 2007, doi: 10.1021/cr0500535.
[22] D. H. Tseng, L. C. Juang, and H. H. Huang, “Effect of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide on the photocatalytic degradation of monochlorobenzene in TiO2 aqueous suspension,” Int. J. Photoenergy, vol. 2012, no. 2, 2012, doi: 10.1155/2012/328526.
[23] F. Dong, W. Zhao, Z. Wu, and S. Guo, “Band structure and visible light photocatalytic activity of multi-type nitrogen doped TiO2 nanoparticles
prepared by thermal decomposition,” J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 162, no. 2–3, pp. 763–770, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.099.
[24] A. R. Gandhe and J. B. Fernandes, “A simple method to synthesize N-doped rutile titania with enhanced photocatalytic activity in sunlight,” J. Solid State Chem., vol. 178, no. 9, pp. 2953–2957, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.06.034. [25] A. R. Gandhe, S. P. Naik, and J. B. Fernandes, “Selective synthesis of N-
doped mesoporous TiO2 phases having enhanced photocatalytic activity,”
Microporous Mesoporous Mater., vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 103–109, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2005.07.017.
[26] S. Lee et al., “Influence of nitrogen chemical states on photocatalytic activities of nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light,” J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem., vol. 213, no. 2–3, pp. 129–135, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.05.011.
characterization of visible-light-driven N-F-Ta tri-doped TiO 2
photocatalysts,” Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 258, no. 22, pp. 8696–8703, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.05.077.
[28] S. H. Lee, E. Yamasue, H. Okumura, and K. N. Ishihara, “Effect of oxygen and nitrogen concentration of nitrogen doped TiO x film as photocatalyst prepared by reactive sputtering,” Appl. Catal. A Gen., vol. 371, no. 1–2, pp. 179–190, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.apcata.2009.10.011.
[29] F. Peng, L. Cai, L. Huang, H. Yu, and H. Wang, “Preparation of nitrogen- doped titanium dioxide with visible-light photocatalytic activity using a facile hydrothermal method,” J. Phys. Chem. Solids, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 1657–1664, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.12.003.
[30] D. Huang et al., “Synthesis and characterization of visible light responsive N- TiO2 mixed crystal by a modified hydrothermal process,” J. Non. Cryst. Solids, vol. 354, no. 33, pp. 3965–3972, 2008, doi:
10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.05.026.
[31] S. Yin, Y. Aita, M. Komatsu, and T. Sato, “Visible-light-induced
photocatalytic activity of TiO2-xNy prepared by solvothermal process in urea-alcohol system,” J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., vol. 26, no. 13, pp. 2735–2742, 2006, doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.05.012.
[32] C. Chen, Y. Cheng, Q. Dai, and H. Song, “Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering Deposition of TiO2 Thin Films and Their Perovskite Solar Cell Applications,” Sci. Rep., vol. 5, no. December, pp. 1–12, 2015, doi:
10.1038/srep17684.
[33] P. E. Agbo, “Temperature effect on the thickness and optical properties of Core-Shell TiO 2 / ZnO crystalline thin films,” Adv. Appl. Sci. Res., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 599–604, 2012.
[34] M. Fitra, I. Daut, M. Irwanto, N. Gomesh, and Y. M. Irwan, “Effect of TiO2 thickness dye solar cell on charge generation,” Energy Procedia, vol. 36, pp. 278–286, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.07.032.
activity of TiO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel method,” Thin Solid Films, vol. 379, no. 1–2, pp. 7–14, 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0040-6090(00)01542-X. [36] S. C. Jung, S. J. Kim, N. Imaishi, and Y. I. Cho, “Effect of TiO 2 thin film
thickness and specific surface area by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on photocatalytic activities,” Appl. Catal. B Environ., vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 253–257, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2004.08.009.
[37] S. Varnagiris, M. Urbonavicius, S. Tuckute, M. Lelis, and D. Milcius, “Development of photocatalytically active TiO2 thin films on expanded polystyrene foam using magnetron sputtering,” Vacuum, vol. 143, pp. 28–35, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.05.031.
[38] E. Unosson, K. Welch, C. Persson, and H. Engqvist, “Stability and prospect of UV/H 2 O 2 activated titania films for biomedical use,” Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 285, no. PARTB, pp. 317–323, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.08.057. [39] W. I. Nawawi, R. Zaharudin, M. A. M. Ishak, K. Ismail, and A. Zuliahani,
“The preparation and characterization of immobilized TiO2/PEG by using DSAT as a support binder,” Appl. Sci., vol. 7, no. 1, 2017, doi:
10.3390/app7010024.
[40] J. A. Byrne, B. R. Eggins, N. M. D. Brown, B. McKinney, and M. Rouse, “Immobilisation of TiO2 powder for the treatment of polluted water,” Appl. Catal. B Environ., vol. 17, no. 1–2, pp. 25–36, 1998, doi: 10.1016/S0926- 3373(97)00101-X.
[41] H. M. M. Ibrahim, “Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and inactivation of pathogenic bacteria using silver nanoparticles modified titanium dioxide thin films,” World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 1049–1060, 2015, doi: 10.1007/s11274-015-1855-9.
[42] Z. Bi et al., “Self-organized amorphous TiO2nanotube arrays on porous Ti foam for rechargeable lithium and sodium ion batteries,” J. Power Sources, vol. 222, pp. 461–466, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.09.019.
[43] J. M. Wu, “Low-temperature preparation of titania nanorods through direct oxidation of titanium with hydrogen peroxide,” J. Cryst. Growth, vol. 269,
no. 2–4, pp. 347–355, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.05.023.
[44] J. Jin et al., “Nanostructured Three-Dimensional Percolative Channels for Separation of Oil-in-Water Emulsions,” iScience, vol. 6, pp. 289–298, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.08.004.
[45] H. Wang, X. Qiao, J. Chen, and S. Ding, “Preparation of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method,” Colloids Surfaces A Physicochem. Eng. Asp., vol. 256, no. 2–3, pp. 111–115, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.12.058. [46] F. Hajiesmaeilbaigi, A. Mohammadalipour, J. Sabbaghzadeh, S. Hoseinkhani,
and H. R. Fallah, “Preparation of silver nanoparticles by laser ablation and fragmentation in pure water,” Laser Phys. Lett., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 252–256, 2006, doi: 10.1002/lapl.200510082.
[47] O. Gapurova, Æ. Y. Estrin, and Æ. T. Scheper, “Electrochemical method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles,” pp. 1193–1200, 2009, doi:
10.1007/s11051-008-9513-x.
[48] P. Asanithi, S. Chaiyakun, and P. Limsuwan, “Growth of silver nanoparticles by DC magnetron sputtering,” J. Nanomater., vol. 2012, 2012, doi:
10.1155/2012/963609.
[49] M. Rai, A. Yadav, and A. Gade, “Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials,” Biotechnol. Adv., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 76–83, 2009, doi:
10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002.
[50] B. Le Ouay and F. Stellacci, “Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles: A surface science insight,” Nano Today, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 339–354, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2015.04.002.
[51] Y. C. Lu and K. Sen Chou, “A simple and effective route for the synthesis of nano-silver colloidal dispersions,” J. Chinese Inst. Chem. Eng., vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 673–678, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.jcice.2008.06.005.
[52] D. C. S. and R. A. D. Washington, “Reference Dose for Chronic Oral Exposure of Silver. CASRN 7440-22-4.,” US Environ. Prot. Agency, pp. 1– 13, 1991, [Online]. Available:
ry.pdf.
[53] C. Wang and J. Yao, “Decolorization of methylene blue with TiO2 sol via UV irradiation photocatalytic degradation,” Int. J. Photoenergy, vol. 2010, 2010, doi: 10.1155/2010/643182.
[54] Trần Đại Lâm. (2017). Các Phương Pháp Phân Tích Hóa Lý Vật Liệu. Nxb Khoa Học Tự Nhiên và Công Nghệ.
[55] M. L. Paret, G. E. Vallad, D. R. Averett, J. B. Jones, and S. M. Olson, “Photocatalysis: Effect of light-activated nanoscale formulations of TiO2 on Xanthomonas perforans and control of bacterial spot of tomato,”
Phytopathology, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 228–236, 2013, doi: 10.1094/PHYTO- 08-12-0183-R.
[56] S. Q. Sun, B. Sun, W. Zhang, and D. Wang, “Preparation and antibacterial activity of Ag-TiO2 composite film by liquid phase deposition (LPD) method,” Bull. Mater. Sci., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 61–66, 2008, doi: 10.1007/s12034-008-0011-7.
[57] Z. Q. Li, C. J. Lu, Z. P. Xia, Y. Zhou, and Z. Luo, “X-ray diffraction patterns of graphite and turbostratic carbon,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1686– 1695, 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.03.038.
[58] S. Mopoung, P. Moonsri, W. Palas, and S. Khumpai, “Characterization and Properties of Activated Carbon Prepared from Tamarind Seeds by KOH Activation for Fe(III) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution,” Sci. World J., vol. 2015, 2015, doi: 10.1155/2015/415961.
[59] G. Moussavi, H. Hosseini, and A. Alahabadi, “The investigation of diazinon pesticide removal from contaminated water by adsorption onto NH4Cl- induced activated carbon,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 214, no. August 2016, pp. 172–179, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2012.10.034.
[60] J. E. Callanan and N. O. Smith, “Sublimation pressures of solid solutions III. NH4Cl + NH4Br,” J. Chem. Thermodyn., vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 531–538, 1971, doi: 10.1016/S0021-9614(71)80036-8.
Characterization of smectite and illite by FTIR spectroscopy of interlayer NH 4 + cations ,” Clay Miner., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 201–211, 2003, doi:
10.1180/0009855033820089.
[62] V. R. Agrawal, V. S. Vairagade, and A. P. Kedar, “Activated Carbon as Adsorbent In Advance Treatement of Wastewater,” IOSR J. Mech. Civ. Eng., vol. 14, no. 04, pp. 36–40, 2017, doi: 10.9790/1684-1404023640.
[63] C. H. Nguyen, H. N. Tran, C. C. Fu, Y. T. Lu, and R. S. Juang, “Roles of adsorption and photocatalysis in removing organic pollutants from water by activated carbon–supported titania composites: Kinetic aspects,” J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., vol. 109, pp. 51–61, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.02.019. [64] R. Janes and L. J. Knightley, “Synthetic routes to microfine biphasic titania-
alumina powders,” Dye. Pigment., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 111–124, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0143-7208(02)00122-5.
PHỤ LỤC
Phụ lục 7. Giản đồ XRD của Ti foam
Phụ lục 9. Giản đồ XRD của TiO2 – 48h – 600oC
Phụ lục 11. Giản đồ XRD của TiO2 – 60h – 600oC
Phụ lục 13. Giản đồ XRD của Ag/Ti (mẫu 1)