IV. CAC LUAN DIEM VE MO HINH LAP HIEN CUA BO MAY QUYEN LI/C NHA NU^OC
4.Cac quy pham hien djnh ve he thong VKSND trong giai doan xay dimg NNPQ Vift Nam (nlu theo Phuang an II thudc Md hinh A
hoae Phuang an II thudc Md hinh B diu dugc - khi he thdng VKSND
thugc nhanh QTP) cdn diiu chinh ba nhdm vdn dl ca ban va quan trgng ~
dja vj phap ly vd ea cdu ciia he thing VKSND (I), nhirng nguyen tdc co ban ve boat ddng cua VKSND (2) va, dja vj phdp ly ciia Kiim sat vien d Viet Nam (3). Dudi ddy chiing ta se lan lugt xem xet timg nhdm van dl CO bdn ndy.
4.1. Cdc quy phgm hiin dinh vi dia vj phdp ly vd co cdu ciia hi lhdng VKSND can ghi nhdn vl mat hiin djnh nhirng ndi dung nhu sau:
1) He thdng VKSND la eac ca quan kiim sdt tu phap cua nude Viet
Nam DCCH, dgc lap thyc hien quyin tu phdp theo nhu-ng thdm quyin tuong ung do Hiin phdp va ludt quy djnh.
2) He thong cdc VKSND dugc td ehirc tap trung va thdng nhdt tir dudi cdc dja phuang din TW tuang ting vdi he thdng cdc TAND
(thdm quyin chung) nhu sau: a) Cac VKSND khu vuc; b) C i e VKSND vung; c) Cdc VKSND miin vd; d) VKSNDTC. Nhdm bao
ddm cho tat cd cdc VKSND dia phuang van cd su lanh dgo thdng
nhdt vd tap trung ciia Ddng cdm quyin, nhung dong thdi vipc thiJC
hipn QTP (ndi chung) va boat ddng ciia cac CQTP vl kiim sat (ndi
rieng) cung thue su dgc lap, khdng bj tdc ddng ciia cac cap uy dja
phuang tuang irng nai ddng try sd eiia cdc VKSND khu vyc, viing hay mien, thi ddi vdi to chiic Dang ciia hp lhdng VKSND tren toan quoc cung edn duge td chire lai tuong ung nhu ciia be thdng TAND c3a neu tren ddy - tir cdc Chi bd cua cdc VKSND cdc khu vyc, cue Ddng bg cua cdc VKSND cdc vimg, cua 3 miln vd ciia VKSNDTC (d TW)
dgc vd ca quan lanh dao cao nhat ciia nganh KSND si; la Ban can sy Dang (hoiic Dang doan) ddt d try sd VKSNDTC.
3) VKSNDTC cd nhirng tham quyin sau day: a) Kiim .sat vice tuan
theo phap luat ciia cdc ca quan thudc nhdnli QI IP nhung theo etinh hiee'/ng chi leip trung vdo hogl dgng ddu tranh PCTN trong BMQL nhd nue'/c (tuc Id
KSC ban ehl chu khdng phdi Id KSC rdng nhu tnrdc nam 2001 de tranh can trd linh ndng ddng ciia cdc doanh nghipp); b) Kiem sdt vipc bao vp cac quyen vd ty do ciia con ngudi vd ciia cdng dan (neu trong ca cdu ciia Qudc hdi
khdng thdnh lap Tdng Thanh tra vi nhein epiyin de giam sat boat ddng nay);
c) Kiim sdl boat ddng diiu tra tdi pham ciia cdc co quan Dieu tra; d) Kiim sat boat ddng thi hdnh cac ban dn, qiiyiit dinh ciia cdc co quan Tlii hanh an; d) Hudng dan vd phdi hgp boat ddng ddu tranh chdng tdi pham ciia cac ctr qutm BVPL; e) Thyc hdnh quyen cdng td trong boat ddng tu phdp; f; Dua la sang kien lap phdp ddi vdi nhiing van de co lien quaii den cac IT.1I1 vyc tt^ chuc, boat ddng vd td tiing thudc thdm quyen ciia be thdng VKSND.
4) Viee thdnh lap cdc VKS qudn sy cdc cap do Luat "Vi hi thdng VKSND d Viet Nam" quy djnh.
5) Khdng dugc thdnh lap cac VKS ddc bipt.
4.2. Cdc quy phgm hiin dinh vi nhieng nguyen tdc ca bdn vi hogt eldng cita hi lhdng VKSND edn ghi nhdn vl mat hien djnh nhirng ndi
dung nhu sau:
1) Hoat ddng ciia hp thong VKSND d Viet Nam phai tuyet ddi tudn thil nghiem ehinh nhiing nguyen tdc ca bdn sau day:
a) Cdc Kilm sdt vien phuc tiing Vipn tnrdng VKSND tuong img ciia minh, Vien trudng VKSND cdp dudi phyc tiing Vipn trudng VKSND cdp tren, tdt cd eac Vien trudng VKSND cdc cdp phuc timg Vipn trudng VKSNDTC;
b) Ngoai Vipn trudng VKSNDTC, he thdng VKSND thyc hien thdm quyin cua minh khdng phy thudc vdo bdt ky ca quan Nha nude, td chuc, phuang tien thdng tin dai chiing hay ngudi cd chire vu ndo;
c) He thdng VKSND boat ddng tren ca sd bdo dam tinh phap ehl toi thugng vd hipu lyc tryc tiep cua Hien phdp vd ciia cdc Luat ddi vdi cac vdn bdn dudi Ludt vd cdc vdn ban phdp quy khac;
d) He thdng VKSND boat ddng cdng khai, trir nhiiiig trudng hgp phai bdo vp bi mat nghe nghiep do phdp ludt djnh;
d) Cdc Kiem sdt vien khi vao ngdnh Kilm sdt phai tuyen the theo ludt djnh va phdi giur gin dao dire nghi nghiep ciia ngudi can bp bdo vp phdp ludt;
e) Cdc VKSND djnh ky theo quy djnh eiia phdp ludt phdi thdng bdo cho cdc ca quan quyin lyc va qudn ly, cdc td chuc him quan va nhan dan ve thye trang cua viec chdp hanh phdp ludt va tuan thu phdp ehl;
f) Nghiem cam bdt ky hdnh vi (bdng hanh ddng hoae khdng hdnh ddng) ndo nhdm can trd, tac ddng hodc gdy dnh hudng doi vdi boat ddng cdng td vd kiem sat vipc tudn theo phdp ludt ciia cdc VKSND.
2) Cdc quy pham va nhdng nguyen tdc tiln bg dugc thira nhdn chung ciia phdp ludt qudc tl vl hoat ddng cdng td la bd phan cdu thdnh cua phdp ludt qudc gia Vipt Nam vl hoat dgng cua he thdng VKSND.
3) Nhung ca sd phdp ly ciia viee td chire va boat ddng, cua nhirng thdm quyin va cua cdc ddc dilm boat ddng eiia he thong VKSND do Ludt
"Vi hi thdng VKSND d Viet Nam" quy djnh.
4) Trong khi thyc hien boat ddng cdng to vd kilm sat vipc tuan theo phap ludt thudc tham quyin cua minh, cdc VKSND d Viet Nam cd quyin vien dan tryc tilp cdc quy djnh cua Hiin phdp, cung nhu cua cac Ludt vd cdc van ban dudi Luat tuong ung hipn hanh khdc.
4.3. Cdc quy phgm hiin dinh vi dja vj phdp ly cua KSV d Viet Nam
cdn ghi nlidn ve mat hien djnh nhung ngi dung nhu sau:
1) Cdng ddn Vipt Nam d trong do tudi khdng dudi 25, cd pham chdt dao dire tdt, cd trinh dg Dai hgc Luat va thdm nien cdng tdc trong nganh, nghi lien quan din phdp ludt tir 5 ndm trd len ed thi dugc Hdi dong tuyIn
chgn Kilm sat vien dl nghj Chu tjch nude bd nhiqm lam Kilm sat vien VKSND dja phuang theo nhipm ky tuang img vdi moi cdp {khu vuc, viing hodc miin) nhu sau: a) Nhipm ky cua Kilm sat vien ciia VKSND khu vuc (Kiem sdt vien so cdp) la 5 nam va ngudi dugc bd nhiem phdi cd
thdm nien edng tdc tir 5 ndm trd len trong nganh, nghi lien quan din phdp
ludt; b) Nhipm ky ciia Kilm sat vien cua VKSND vimg (Kilm sdt vien trung cdp) Id 8 ndm vd ngudi dugc bd nhiem phdi cd thdm nien cdng tdc
tir 8 ndm trd len trong nganh, nghi lien quan din phdp ludt; c) Nhiem ky
ngudi duge bd nhiem phai ed ihimi nien cdng tac lir 12 nam trd len trong
nganh, nghe lien quan den phap lual.
2) Cdng ddn Viet Nam a trong dp tudi khdng dudi 40, cd phdm chdt dao due tot, trinh dp Dai hoc Luat chinh quy, cd thdm nien cdng tac trong
ngdnh, nghi lien quan din phap ludt lir 15 nam trd len vd cd trinh do chuyen mdn gidi cd the dugc Chii tich nude bd nhipm lam Kiem sdt vien
ciia VKSNDTC (Kiem sat vien tdi cao). Nhiem ky ciia Kiem sdt vien
VKSNDTC Id 15 nam.
3) Ngoai cdc lieu chuan hien djnh neu tai Dieu nay, Ludt "Vi dia vi phdp ly ciia cite Kiim sdl vie'n a Viet .Nam" ed the quy djnh bd sung mdt
sd tieu chudn tuong ung ddi vdi cac Kiem sat vien cdc VKSND moi cdp. 4) Kilm sdt vien o Viet Nam: a) Dtic lap va chi tudn theo Hien phap va phap ludt trong qua Irinh thirc lb; cdng vu; b) Khdng the bj bat giam hodc truy td neu khdng cd can cu do phap ludt quy djnh; c) Chi cd the bj tam dinh chi hodc ludc cac tham quyen cdng vu trong trudng hgp vi pham dao due nghe nghiep, bj ky ludt, bj truy ciru trdch TNHS hodc trong nhirng trudng hgp khdc do phdp ludt quy djnh.
§5. Mo hinh hien djnh cua cac quy pham vd to chiFC quydn kiem tra Hidn phap