Tren ca sd nghien cim cdc ludn diem cita KHPL trudc yeu cdu SDHP
cua giai cloem xdy dung NNPQ^Xrong Chuang hai nay chiing ta cd the di
den nhirng ket ludn nhu sau:
I. Mot Id, ljch sir lap biln va Id chire BMQL nhd nude trong cdc NNPQ
tren the gidi hang tram nam qua da cho thdy, nha lap hien gidi phdi la nhd lap hien cd trai tim vd su tinh thdng rdt bien chimg rang: nlu nlur ddi vdi moi xa
Hiin phdp eiia moi quoc gia ghi nhdn cho hai nhanh quyen luc nay nliirng thdm quyin vl quyll djnh chinh sach, phdn bd ngan sdch, dat ra viec thu thul, v.v... (eho QLP), ciing nhu nliung tliam quyen ve dieu hanh nen kinh te, chi tieu ngdn sdch, qudn ly tdi nguyen hay su dimg cdc ca cdu sire manh ciia an ninh vd lyc lugng vu trang (ke cd dua qudn ddi ra nude ngodi), v.v... ciia
dat nude (cho QHP), thi QTP chi cd thi mgnh vi linh thdn khi chiem dugc
Idng tin vd sy img hg ciia cdc tdng Idp nhdn ddn, cdng ddng vd du ludn xd hgi
bdng nhung phdn quyit het sue anh minh. Bdi le, theo quy lugl tdt yiu muon ddi rdi khoa hge vi nghiep bdo (nhdn - qud) trong cd ba ITnh vyc sinh hc3at
tinh than dugc thua nhdn chung ciia nin vdn minh nhan loai thudc thugng tdng kiln tnic xd hdi - chii nghTa duy vat bien chimg (1), he tu tutrng tdn gi do (2) vd thi gidi tdm linh vd hinh (3) - thi bat ky mdt su cdi bien ndo (ve kinh tl, van hda, nghe thuat, cbJnli tri, Hiin phap, phap luat, khoa hgc, cdng nghe, thdng tin, v.v... mang tinh dot phd ciing deu de lai nhung ddu c4n d cac mue
do khdc nhau trong ky dc cua nhdn ddn vdi lu cdch la nhimg he luy nhdl dinh trong ljch su, ddng thdi nhirng he luy dd se dugc cac the be bdm nay, ciing nhu cae the he mai sau dua ra su phdn xet theo hai hudng - tich eye
hoac/vd tieu eye (Xem cu thi ban: • Cdc TL 94 - 137, 317 - 318, 322, 32:8 - 330, 335 - 336, 338 - 339, 342 - 344 va ddc biet Id TL sd 131). Vi vdy, durdi
con mdt ciia nhdn ddn trong pham vi mdi quejc gia hocte tren tocin thi gie'ri t\\\ cd nhung ngudi cdm quyen 1) mudn ddi dugc ca nggi, kinli trgng, yeu quy va dugc tac tugng de cdc the he mai sau tudng nhd (nhu: Hd Chi Minh, Tlwmias Jefferson, v.v...) bode la 2) mai mai bj phi nlid, cdm ghet vd nguyen riia mdi
khi nhdc den ma dien hinh la cdc che do chuyen chi, cue ejuyin vdi nhirng nhd dgc tdi ddng ddu dd phdi gdnh chiu qud bdo the thdm do nghiep de d2i gay nen vi tham nhitng tdi sdn qudc gia va ddn dp ddn chu, tu do, nhdn quyen vdi tu each la cdc tinh hoa, gid In quy bdu chung cita nhein locji md 12 ra nhdn ddn ddt nude minh phdi dugc hudng (nhu: Adolf Hitler a nude D'irc qude xa nhiing nam 1932 - 1945, Ngd Dinh Diim d mien Nam Viet Naim
nhung nam 1956 - 1963 vd, gdn ddy nlidt, trong cdc ndm 2010 - 2011 Id
Saddam Hussein o Iraq hay Gaddafi d Lybia vdi hon 40 ndm cdm quyen dd
mao danh CNXH ddt ten cho ddt nude minh Id "Lien bang XHCN Lybiia",
v.v...). Ve mdt ndy, dimg nhu nhd bdo Anh Phuang da canh bdo nhan sy kiipn
cam quyen vd mao danh CNXH ddt ten cho ddt nude minh la "Lien baing XHCN Lybia" nhdm mj dan vi rd rdng khdng the cd kieu "CNXI1" gi ima nbiing ngudi Idnh dao che dp eye quyen nay lai len hit chiem doat lien b)ac
ciia dat nut'rc vd cua nhfmg ngirtVi dan ddng lluie tie gui tr cac lai khoiiii nude
ngoai den ban 150 ty USD. v.v..,). Ve mat nay, diing nhu nha bao Anh P huerng da canh bao nhan sir kien t|uan cluing nhan ddn ndi day d mdt loat
cue nude Tmng Ddng vd Bac Phi la: "Cac ehl do ddc tai se dutjc thay the btri cac che dp ddn chu htm, lien bt) hon. Cach mang hoa nhai nhu mdt hdi chudng cdnli bdo vtii moi the che chinh tri irC'ii the gidi nay rang, khi sire ddn da CcUi, khi niem tin cua nhan dan vao che dt) da giam siit thi luc dy se Id dem trutrc ciia cudc each nicmg" (Xenicu the hern: wTL 129).
2. Hai Id, do dd, chiing la cd quyen hy vpng rang,hicn nay bang iiliieu
chuang trinh vd cac de tai NCKH cap Nha nirtrc da dugc cap kinh phi hang ty VND, cdc nhd khoa hpc - lual gia va cac chuyen gia phap ly la cdc thdnh vnen ciia eac chuang trinh va cac de lai dd se xirng dang vdi ddng tien eiia Td qudc vd nlidn dan ma Nlia nude da cap cho nen nhat djnh se dua ra eho chiiing ta tham khdo cdc sdn pham cudi ciing vdi tu cdch la eac ket qua
nghien cim ciia hp khoang vdi chuc phuang dn khdc nhau ve nhihig KGLH cu the ddi vdi cac Du thdo Hien phap nam 1992 (sira ddi Idn thii hai), hay Ce'ic md hinh id chiec BMQL nhd nui/c (dudi dang cdc bic'u bang de cho cac
diai bieu Qude hdi de dang so sanh) theo tinh thdn chi dao ciia cdc Dai hdi Didng Idn thu X vd XI. Cdn ve phia minh, trong khudn klid cudn sdch chuyen khdo nay, vdi tinh yeu Td qudc va nhan ddn, tren co sd mdt sd suy nigam ban dau chiing tdi chi dam mao mudi vd khiem tdn dua ra nhung de xiudt de cdc ddng nghiep cimg nhau trao ddi, cung nhu de nhan dan thdng qiua nhirng ngudi dai dipn ciia hp cd them ca sd tham khdo va quyet djnh midt phirong an ndo dd hgp ly han ca cho cac the he hdm nay vd mai sau. Diuang nhien, nhung de xuat khdng phai tren ca sd NCKH "phdng gidy", mid sau khi chung tdi da: 1) Quan sat thirc tien td ehirc, thuc hipn vd KSQL nlhd nude d Viet Nam trong sudt ban 50 ndm qua (ke tir klii thi hdnh Hien plhap nam 1959 cua ddt nude); 2) Tham khao cac md hinh ciia cdc NNPQ
thiugc cd ba he thdng phdp luat {thdng ludt. ddn ludt va XHCN cu) tuang irmg theo hai md binh {ba va bdn nhanh quyen lyc); 3) Dgc rdt nhieu saeh
bido, tdi lieu KHPL ed lien quan din hudng nghien ciiu; 4) Chimg kien tan miat cudc sdng eiia ngudi dan trong nhieu nam hgc tap, nghien ciai d Lien biang Nga; 5) Thdng qua nhung cutic gap, dam dao vd trao ddi tryc tiep vdi cidc nha ludt hgc Idm cdng tac thuc lien lir cap TW den tan cdp qudn, thj trdn trong BMQL nlia nirtic, cung nhu cac nhd khoa hgc - ludt gia lam viec tnong cdc tnrdng dai hpc vd cac Vien NCKH ve Luat thdng qua cdc dgt di
cdng tdc hodc tham dy cdc Hdi thdo khoa hgc d mdt loat cdc NNPQ trong
cdc thdi ky khac nhau ban hai thdp ky qua 1990 - 2011 (nhu: Lien bang
Nga, Hungari, Phdp, CHLB Dire, Hdn Qudc, Trung Qude, Thai Lan, Dan Mach, Na Uy, Thyy Dien, Ao, Nhat Ban va Hoa Ky).
3. Ba Id, thyc tien lap phdp d nhiing qudc gia la cdc NNPQ tren thi gicn cho thdy, quan diem dugc thira nhan chung ciia nhiing nlid lap phdp chan chinh trong cdc NNPQ duang dai la: ky thugt lap phdp la mdt ITnh vyc ciia
KHPL nen trong mdt NNPQ dan chu thi bat ky mdt luat gia cd trinh do cao nao cung cd quyen dua ra Dy ihao Ludi ciia quoc gia minh; bdi le, nlu
mudn ed mdt dao ludt klid thi thi cimg mgt dgo lugt phdi cd nhiiu phieerng dn khdc nhau de co quan lap phdp qudc gia cd thi lua chgn; tuy nhien, dl
cho tap trung thi nhd lam ludt ciing can ban che btit sd lugng cdc phuang dn
Du thdo luat dugc dua ra lua chgn bdng each dat ra yeu cau eho Die thdo nao
dugc ca quan lap phdp qudc gia lya chgn thi nhdt thilt phdi dap ung mdt s5 tieu chi bdt budc va quan trgng nhdt nhu: 1) Dy thao dd cd tilt kiem dugc thdi gian vd tiln bac cho ngan sdch nha nude khdng (?); 2) Nhiing KGLP
trong Du thdo dd cd dat dugc day du nhiing yeu cdu (ddi hdi) bdt budc
ddi vdi mdt quy pham (ehl djnh) phap luat dugc coi la kha thi hay khdng (chdng ban do la nhung yeu cdu nhu: chinh xdc vl mat khoa hgc, nhat qudn ve mdt logic phdp ly, dan gian, de hilu vl mat ngdn ngir, chat che ve mat ky thuat lap phdp vd, phii hgp vdi thyc tien - tuc Id ddp ung dugc cdc QHXH dang ton tai va se phdt triln trong tuang lai (Xem cu thi ban: •TL 157, tr.7 - 25). Vd diing nhu nha lu^t hgc cong hudn ciia Lien Xd cu - Lien bang (LB) Nga hipn nay, nguyen Dai dipn todn quyin cua Tdng thdng LB Nga tai Tod dn Hiin phap LB Nga kiem Trudng Ban nhiing vdn de ly luan hoat ddng tu phdp ciia Vipn Nha nude va phdp ludt thugc Vipn
HLKH Nga, cd GS.TSKH. Xavitxki V.M. da khdng djnh: Trong mgt
NNPQ dich thyc, phdp luat dugc cdc cdng dan va cdng dong tdn trpng
chinh la nhd bdn chdt Hen bg vd ddn chit cita ehinh hogt dgng liip phdp vi nha 1dm luat thdng thdi vd anh minh bao gid ciing la ngudi biet vi lai ich ciia dgi da sd cdng ddn vd cgng ddng, thuc su cdng tdm, khdeh quan, vd tu (md khdng ddc doan hay bi thien kiln chinh trj ciia ai dd chi phdi)
khi tir cdc phuang an khdc nhau cua cac dy thdo ludt bilt lya chgn
duge phuong dn tdi uu hon ed (dii cho phuang dn dd cd thi Id ciia mdt ea
nhdn, nhdm cac nha klioa hgc - ludt gia, mgt Vipn NCKH vl phdp ludt hay mgt trudng dai hgc ndo dd, v.v...), chu khdng nhdt thiet phuang dn
do phiii la phutrng an cua ctr quan hoae td cluic ncio dutre Nha nude giao nhipm vu chii tri soan ihao (Xem cu the lion: "Tl. 310, tr. 12).
4. Bdn Id, nhu ddng chi Dd Mue'ri da cimh bao trong phan ddu ciia tliu "V/v ge'jp y .sua eldi, bd sung Hien phitp nam 1992" la: "liec thuc thi Hiin phdp, ge'jp y .sua eldi, bd sung Hien phitp nam 1992" la: "liec thuc thi Hiin phdp, pheip ludt nhiiu ndm gdn deiy khdng nghiem, thicc ireing lieu cue, tham nhitng trong nhiiu ITnh vuc eld Idm .xdi nwii Idng tin ciui nhdn ddn, dnh hudng xdu elen su dn dinh cita he lhdng chinh tri". Thiet nghT. cai tam vi Td qudc vd
nhan dan ciia mdt ngirdi Viet Nam y eu nutVc da timg mdt thdi la lanh dao cao nhdt ciia Dang cdm quyen d nude la mac dii da gui yeu vd sdng gdn 100 ndm khdng the khdng lam cho moi cdng dan yeu nude va cd lirtmg tri trong chiing
la thdy cdn phdi soi vdo do de md hgc leip vdplidn dim vi mdt bdn Hiin phdp
cua nhein eldn, dim chu vd phdp quyin theo lie tiiirng nhdn ve'in Hd Chi Minh.
5. Vd cudi ciing, ndm Id, cliinh v i vay, trong qua Irinh SDElP ciia giai doan xay dimg mdt NNPQ dich thicc a Viet Nam hien nay, vice suy ngdm de dua xay dimg mdt NNPQ dich thicc a Viet Nam hien nay, vice suy ngdm de dua
ra md hinh hic-n dinh kha thi ddi vdi cac quy pham ve td chire BMQL nlid
nude vd BVI IP {ndi rieng) ciing nhu ddi vdi loan bt) cdc quy pham trong HPSD {ndi chung) - la mdt trong nhung nhiem vu vd Id hudng nghien
ciru quan trgng eiia nen KHPL (dae biet la khoa hgc Ludt hien phdp) nude nhd nhdm bien cdc luan diem lien bd, ddn ehii va diing ddn ciia cae Dai hdi X vd XI vao tlurc lien.