O mang de tai HNTMQT, bai phan tich dugc su dung kha thudng xuyen, dac
3.7.CHUYEN MUC, CHUYEN TRANG, CHUYEN DE
Chuyen muc, chuyen trang thudng dugc hieu la noi td bao duy tri cd dinh nhiing bai viét cd cung mang dl tai hay phong each dl dgc gia dl dang tim tháy nhiing noi dung hay hinh thiic thong tin ma minh ua thich. Chuyen dl la tap hgp lien tiép cac tin, bai,
thong tin tu lieu co ciing dl tai hoac chii dl dugc dang tai tren mot sd baọ
Bao chf Viet Nam ndi chung hien cd xu hudng tang cudng viec sir dung cac
chuyen muc, chuyen trang, chuyen de vi day la phuong phap giiip dgc gia thu thap
nhanh chdng va thuan lgi thong tin minh can tim; đng thdi cac chuyen muc, chuyen trang, chuyen dl cdn the hien dien mao, phong each, tfnh sang tao cua tiing td baọ
Chuyen muc:
Tát ca 5 td bao chiing toi tien hanh khao sat dIu cd sir dung cac chuyen muc nhu: "Y kien", "Tin quoc tế cua TBKTSG, "Van ban mdi", "Tin telex" cua TBKTVN, "Van hoa va Thuong mai" cua TCTM; "Comment", "Headlines" cua VET, "Press Watch", "Brief in News" cua VIR.
Tuy nhien cac td bao ndi tren dIu chua tao dugc nhilu chuyen muc, trung binh
Chuyen trang:
Ca 5 td bao chiing toi khao sat dIu sir dung nhilu chuyen trang. Hidng tin vl HNTMQT cd thi tim thay d cac chuyen trang nhu sau:
TBKTSG: "Thdi su trong tudn", "Sir kien&van dl", "Xuat nhap khdu", "Hd so"...
TBKTVN:"Tlidi su kinh tê\ "Van di thdi md cua", "Ban dgc va dao tao", "Kinh
doanh", "Cong nghe thong tin"...
TCTM: "Nghien ciiu-trao doi", "Thi trudng va quan ly", "Quan he Viet Nam-nudc ngoai"...
VET: "At a glance"("Mgt cai nhin"), "Reform and Aetion"("Cai each va hanh đng"), "Legal Update"("Van ban mdi"). "Statistics"("Sd lieu thdng ke")...
VIR: "News"("Tin tiic"), "Insight"("Cai nhin sau"), "Information Technology" ("Cong nghe thong tin")...
Viec su dung chuyen trang cua cac bao chi cd su on dinh tuang đị Thudng
chi cd cac trang tin va trang sd lieu cd vi trf cd dinh va xuat hien dIu dan d tat ca cac sd bao, Cac chuyen trang khac thudng cd vi trf di dgng, do dai ngdn khac nhau d cac sd bao, mot sd chuyen trang cd thi khong xuát hien thudng xuyen d cac sd baọ Tuy nhien
cac td bao dIu cd xu hudng tang tinh on djnh cua cac chuyen trang vl dung lugng, vi
trf va dac biet la on dinh vl tan sd xuat hien. Day la mot xu hudng tfeh cue the hien su gia tang tfnh chuyen nghiep cua cac baọ
Chuyen de
Chuyen d l xudt hien ngay cang nhilu tren ca 5 td TBKTSG, TBKTVN,TCTM, VET va VIR. Cac chuyen dl rat da dang vl dl tai va chu dl, sd lugng cac chuyen dl vl HNTMQT ciing cd ehilu hudng gia tang d cac baọ
Trong giai doan 1996-2000 cac td bao ndi tren cd mot sd chuyen dl tieu bilu nhu: TBKTSG: "Viet Nam-ASEAN" (sd 10/12/1998); "He thdng tieu chuan ISO" (2/9/1999); Chuyen dl "Viet Nam-Hoa Ky" (24/8/2000)...
TBKTVN: "Viet Nam gia nhap APEC" (14/11/1998); "Viet Nam-Hoa Ky" (TBKTVN, 17/7/2000).
TCTM: "Hgi nghi thugng dinh ASEAN 6" (sd 24/1999); "Quan he Viet Nam- APEC" (sd 21/1998).
VET: "Chuyen d l ASEAN " (sd 12/1998); "Hiep dinh Thuang mai Viet-My"(s6' 9/2001)...
Cac bao thudng xay dung chuyen dl khi td bao mudn tap trung thong dn vl mdt van de "ndng", mot su kien quan trgng hay chi dan thudn gidi thieu vl mot dl tai nao đ ma td bao muon phan anh nhu chuyen dl vl dia phuong, nganh hang... Loai chuyen dl
thu 3 dang xuat hien ngay cang nhilu va bi lam dung nh^m muc dich ggi quang caọ
Cac chuyen dl vl HNTMQT ciia cac bao thudng cd do dai tir 3-4 trang trd len,
chuyen di dai nhát la chuyen dl "Quan he Viet Nam-APEC", so 21/1998 ciia TCTM vdi
dung lugng la 30 trang. Mot so bao thudng ggi chuyen dl cd dung lugng trang Idn la phu truang. Phu truong thudng cd tfnh dgc lap tuong đi vdi sd bao, thi hien bdng each danh sd trang rieng biet khong Idn vdi cac trang bao thudng ky hoac cd trudng hgp, phu truang dugc xuat ban thanh quyIn rieng nhu "Phu truang Viet-My" sd 12/2001 ciia VET. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Nhu da ndi d tren, viec sir dung chuyen muc, chuyen trang va chuyen dl dang ngay cang gia tang d cac baọ Trong ba hinh thiic thi hien ndi tren, chuyen dl la hinh thiic xuat hien muon nhat va mdi chi dugc sir dung rong rai tren bao chf Viet Nam trong nhung nam gan daỵ Chuyen dl ed tan sd xuat hien ft nhat trong cac hinh thiic thi hien nhung lai cd noi dung phong phu va ket cau phiic tap. Vi vay, dua tren viec nghien ciiu vl dl tai HNTMQT va hoat dgng thuc tiln, chung toi xin dua ra mo hinh thuc hien chuyen d l vl d l tai HNTMQT nhu sau:
Sd chuyen dl vl quan he song phuang hay da phuang -Bai phu trong khung: bao gdm:
-I- Bang ghi mdc lich sir quan he (ngdn ggn, day du).
-I- Mot sd bang nhd vl the manh kinh te, tilm nang hgp tac cua mdi nudẹ
-Bai tong quan (cd the la bai phan tfeh hoac phdng van) vl quan he kinh te-thuang maị
-Bai vl nhiíng van di thai su ndi len trong quan he naỵ
-Mot sd doanh nghiep, dia phuang dien hinh hoac chuyen gia ndi vl kinh nghiem lam an, thiic day mdi quan he giiia hai ben.
Ghi chii: Ddi vdi dl tai quan he song phuong, can khuyen khfch dua ra cai nhin tir ca hai phfa de dem den cho ban dgc cai nhin khach quan nhat vl quan he hai ben.
Sd chuyen d l vl mot su kien quan trong trong quan he song phuang hay da phuang. -Cac noi dung nhu tren nhung them phan noi dung hgi nghi bao gdm:
+ Dung bai phu trong khung diem qua nhiing noi dung ciia hgi nghi, cac thanh vien
+ Cai nhin cua Viet Nam va cac nude tham gia ndi (quan chiic, doanh nghiep, ngudi dan) ve tam quan trgng eua hgi nghi va cac van dl dat ra va ket qua hgi nghị"
Só chuyen dl vl hoat dong XNK ciia Viet N.m h.v cua mot n^anh h^n.- -FCac bang bilu, bai phu trong khung vl kim ngach XNK
+ Tdng quan tinh hinh XNK
+ Van d l thdi su trong vl co che, chfnh sach, boat dgng XNK
-h Hoat dgng XNK cua mot sd nganh hang, dia phuang
+ Mot sd doanh nghiep va quan chirc ndi vl co che, hoat dgng XNK
Tren day la nhirng ggi y chung cho mot sd chuyen dl, viec sir dung d miic do nao
tuy thugc vao tirng bao tuy nhien can tuan thu mot sd nguyen tdc:
-Dung lugng eua chuyen dl khdng qua ngdn cung khong qua dai (ft bai qua khong thanh chuyen dl, ngugc lai, qua dai se gay nham chan cho dgc gia khong quan tam
tdi van di đ)
-So lieu trong cac bai phai thdng nhat (chuyen di thudng cd nhilu ngudi viet do đ cd
su chenh lech vl sd lieu). Cung can tranh su khac biet qua Idn trong y tudng, nhan dinh ciia cac dai dien thugc cung mot ben (ben Viet Nam hoac nude ngoai) vi nhu vay se gay khd hieu cho dgc giạ
-Noi dung cua chuyen dl khong dugc triing Idp, mdi bai bao la mot gdc nhin, gdc nhin cang cu the cac hap đn ngudi dgc.
-Sir dung nhieu hinh thiic, the loai trong qua trinh thong tin (phdng van, bai phan anh, bai phan tich, thong tin tu lieu)
-Chuyen de can dap ling toan dien nhu can thong tin cua ban dgc: thong tin thdi su,
thong tin tu lieu, thong tin tdng hgp, phan tfeh sau mgi gdc canhvan dị Neu thieu tfnh
thdi su thi chuyen dl chi nhu mot cudn sach nhd hoac tap tai lieu ciị Neu thieu tfnh tu
heu hoac tfnh tdng hgp, phan tfeh se mat tfnh "chuyen" ciia chuyen dl. Tdm lai chuyen
de can hap dan tir dau den cudi, phong phii ve ca noi dung iSn hinh thurc the hien.
Trong boat đng thong tin vl dl tai HNTMQT, cac td TBKTVN, TBKTSG, TCTM, VET, VIR da huy dgng rat nhilu the loai trong đ tin, bai phan anh, phdng ván, bai phan tfeh la 4 the loai dugc su dung thudng xuyen nhat va cd hieu qua nhat. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Mac du 5 td bao ndi tren cd dinh ky xuat ban kha dai (tir each 2 ngay nhu
tm van la the loai cd tdn sd xuat hien nhilu nhat. Cac bao diing nhilu dang tin trong
đ thong dung nhat la tin ngdn va tin vdn. Hau het cac tin dugc su dung theo phong each hien dai vdi cau triie hinh thap ngugc, tft true tiep, ngon ngir cd dong tuy nhien viec su
dung nn a de tai nay eon bgc 16 mot sd ban chi nhu: tfnh thai su chua cao, tft tin dai lam
dung tir Viet tat. Trong sd cac td bao dugc khao sat, TBKTSG la td bao cd the manh vl tin ban ca vdi sd lugng tin phong phu, chat lugng thong tin caọ
Bai phan anh (BPA) la thi loai xuat hien kha thudng xuyen, cd tac dung phan
anh kip thdi va tuong đi khai quat nhiing su kien, van di trong qua trinh HNKTQT cua
Viet Nam, phat huy vai trd cd vu nhirng thdng lgi, nhiing diln hinh tien tiln, phe phan nhiing bilu hien tieu cue va phd bien cac kinh nghiem hgi nhap. Trong nhung nam gdn day, cac bao cd xu hudng sir dung nhilu BPA phan tfeh ban dang BPA thdng tin va BPA neu van dl. BPA xuat hien vdi ca ba kieu ket cau logic hinh thiic, thdi gian va nhan qua my nhien kilu ket cau logic hinh thiic phd bien nhat. Trong sd 5 td bao, VIR la td bao sir dung nhilu BPA nhat cdn VET la td sir dung ft nhat.
Bai phdng van la thi loai dugc sir dung kha hieu qua trong boat dgng thong tin vl
dl tai HNTMQT. Vdi dac thii ngudi tra Idi phdng van la ngudi cd trach nhiem va rat am hieu vl van dl dugc hdi, do đ, thong tin cua bai phdng van thudng cd do tin cay va tfnh thuyet phuc cao, phat huy hieu qua trong edng tac tuyen truyin hgi nhap. Phuang phap sang tao va hinh thiic the hien bai phdng van cua cac td bao da phat trien theo hudng ngay cang hien dai tuy nhien trong mot sd trudng hgp, bai phdng van ciia vdn cdn bgc Ig mot sd nhugc dilm nhu: dat cau hdi mang tfnh hinh thiic, thieu cu the, riit tft dai đng, sii dung anh tuy tien...TBKTVN, VIR la hai td bao sir dung bai phdng van thudng xuyen va cd phong each nhat.
Bai phan tich (BPT) ciing la thi loai dugc sir dung rong rai d tat ca cac td bao,
dac biet trong bdi canh xuat hien nhiing su kien, van di quan trgng trong qua trinh hgi
nhap, nhan dip cudi nam, nhan dip ky niem quan he song phuang, da phuong... BPT
thudng di sau ly giai mot each toan dien, triet dl sir kien, van di đng thdi dua ra giai
phap nhdm day nhanh qua trinh hgi nhap. VET la td sir dung BPT thudng xuyen nhat vdi ty le bai phan tfeh chiem trung binh tir 70% -80% sd bai viet.
Ket hgp vdi cac the loai bao chf, 5 td bao dugc chiing toi khao sat cdn sir dung rat
nhilu dang thong tin tu lieu nhu van ban phap luat, bang bieu, bai tu lieụ Cac dang
thdng tin tu lieu cd thi dugc sir dung dgc lap hoac de minh hoa cho cac tac pham bao chf. Viec sir dung thong tin tu lieu da lam tang them do chfnh xac, tfnh thuyet phuc, tfnh tham my cho cac bai bao, trang bao, sd baọ
nhu tin, bai phdng van, bai phan anh, bai phan tich, chuyen luan đng thdi da dang hoa
viec sis dung cac the loai va thong tin tu lieụ Mdi thi loai, dang tu lieu dIu cd the manh rieng cua minh, eac thi loai cd xu hudng bd trg cho nhau, do do su da dang hoa
trong sir dung se phat huy the manh ciia nhilu the loai đng thdi tao tfnh sinh dgng trong hinh thiic thi hien ciia cac td baọ Tuy nhien, ciing luu y rdng, cung vdi xu hudng da dang boa the loai, dang thong tin tu heu, mdi td bao can lua chgn the loai phu hgp vdi djnh ky xuat ban va ton chi, muc dich cua minh dl cd thi khai tac tdi da uu the ciia the loai đng thdi tao phong each rieng cho bao minh.
Tang cudng xay dung cac chuyen muc, chuyen trang, chuyen de ciing la mot giai phap dl nang cao hieu qua tuyen truyin ndi chung va hieu qua boat dgng thong tin HNTMQT ndi rieng bdi vi chuyen muc, chuyen trang, chuyen dl cd kha nang tao dilu kien cung cap thong tin mot each tap trung cho dgc gia, đng thdi hap đn dgc gia bdi phong each sang tao da dang va dgc dao ciia tirng td baọ
Thdi gian qua, vl di tai HNTMQT, 5 td bao chiing toi khao sat da xay dung dugc
kha nhilu chuyen trang, tang dan sir dung chuyen dl tuy nhien chua td bao nao xay dung chuyen muc. Noi dung thdng tin va hinh thiic the hien cac chuyen trang, chuyen dl da kha phong phii tuy nhien neu cac bao quan tam chu y ban niia, dac biet trong viec tang cudng tinh on dinh cua cac chuyen trang, giam tinh thuang mai hoa d cac chuyen de, chdc chdn hieu qua thong tin se cao ban.