- I V andehit phan urng vdi 2V ^ I V ancol, con du I V H j . G6'c hidrocacbon cua X 1^ gÓc nọ
Vay chat X la andehit no, hai chiic.
10.10. COng thiic dung la Ạ
A x i t cacboxylic no, mach hd c6 CTCT chung la: C„H2„^2.„(COOH),.
TCr cong thiic thuc nghiem (C-,H40fi)„.
Khi m = 2 -> C^HgOfi C^H^CCOOH),: phu hop vdi CTCT chung. v a y CTPT cua X la: CfiH,Ofị
10.11. C6ng thiic diing la B.
niKOH + m N a O H = (56 + 40).0,5.0,12 = 5,76 (gam).
m x + m K O H + mN.oH = 3,6 + 5,76 = 9,36 (gam).
Nhu vay khi xay ra phan ung trung hoa da c6 9,36 - 8,28 = 1,08 (gam)
H2O duoc tao thanh. 1 08
" x = ^H,o= ~— = 0,06 (mol). - 18
Mx = ^ = 60. 0,06
A x i t no, don chiic C„H2„+,COOH = 60. 14n + 46 = 6 0 - > n = 1 v a y CTPT cua axit: CH.COOH.
10.12. Dap s6'dung la D.
Cac phuong trinh phan ting:
HCHO + 4f Ag((NH3)2]OH C02t + 4Ag>l + 8NH3t + 3H2O (1) HCOOH + 2[Ag((NH,)2]OH ^ C02t + 2Ag>l + 4NH.,t + 2H2O (2) S6' mol Ag>l = 0,4 + 0,2 = 0,6 (mol).
m^g = 108.0,6 = 64,8 (gam).
10.13. Dap an dung la B.
SÓmol Ag = — = 0.3 (mol) > 2.0,1 (mol) andehit. 108
-> Trong h6n hop X phai c6 HCHO va d6ng dang ké tiep la
CH3CHỌ Chon dap an B.
10.14. Dap an diing la Ạ
Dat CTPT cua axit X (don chiic) la: C.HyCOOH.
Cac phuong trinh phan ling:
HCOOH+ NaOH-^HCOONa + H20 ( D C,H„COOH + NaOH^C,H„COONa + H , 0 (2)
HCOOH + 2[AgCNH,,)2 ]OH -> (NH4 )^CO, + 2Ag >^ + H2O + 2NH3t
i n =1 ^
2"^^ 2'108
Theo (3): n H c o o H =7:^AS =^-77^ = 0.1 (mol) Theo(l) va (2):
"C.H,CXX)H = "NaOH " ^HCOOH =0,1.1,5-0,1=0,05 (mol).
"^c.H^cooH =8,2- m H c o o H =8.2-0,1.46 = 3,6 (gam).
- ^ M e , „ ^ ^ , , = J | = 72.
12x + y + 45 = 72 -> x = 2, y = 3
C6ng thiic cáu tao cua axit X la: CH2 = CH - COOH: axit acrylic.
10.15. Dap an dung la Ạ
Dat CTPT cua : A x i t Y 1^ Q H , 0 2 , axit Z la C^R,0,.
Goi a va b la s6' mol cua axit Y va axit Z c6 trong ^ h6n hop X. Ta CO cac so d6 phan ling :
2C,Hy02 + 2Na -> H2t
C , H y 0 2 + 2 N a - > H2t
a 4 48
"H, =2^^ = ^ =^'2 (mol) (I)
Khi d6't chay hoan loan | h6n hop X:
'2
1 mol X chay, tao thanh x mol CO
(a+b) mol chay - — - = 0 , 6 mol CO,
44 ^ -> x(a + b) = 0,6 (II) -> x(a + b) = 0,6 (II)
Giai he phuong trinh (I) va (II) duoc : b = 0,4 - M X
cap nghiem duy nhát phu hop la : x = 2, b = 0,1 ^ a = 0,2 mol. -> A x i t Z la HOOC-COOH c6 m^ = 0,1.90 = 9 gam.
A x i t Y la CH3COOH CO m y = 0,2.60 = 12 gam.
9
%mz = ——-.100% = 42,86%. 9 + 12
10.16. Dap an diing Ik B.
S6 mol Ag = — = 0,5 (mol). 108
Theo bai:
0,25 mol andehit X lam thoat ra 0,5 mol Ag -> Andehit don chiic. 0,125 mol andehit X phan ling vdi 0,25 mol 0,125 mol andehit X phan ling vdi 0,25 mol
Phan tir andehit c6 1 lien két d6ị
Do vay c6ng thiic phan lit cua andehit X la: C„H2„_,CHO (n > 2).
10.17. Dap an diing la C.
S6' mol CuO = — = 0,06 (mol) = s6' mol ancol. 80 -> S6' mol andehit = s6' mol ancol = 0,06 mol. -> S6' mol andehit = s6' mol ancol = 0,06 mol. S6' mol Ag = = 0,22 (mol). 108
So mol Ag > 2.s6' mol andehit Trong h6n hop andehit tao thanh phai CO HCHO va do do trong h6n hop hai ancol phai c6 CH3OI! phai CO HCHO va do do trong h6n hop hai ancol phai c6 CH3OI!
(CH3OH ^ HCHO).
Dua vao cac đp an ta biét hai ancol trong h6n hop 1^ hai ancol no,
don chiic, trong do c6 CH3OH:
Ancol thii nhát la CH^OH c6 x mol (andehit tuong ling la HCHO).
Ancol thii hai la C„H2„+,OH c6 y mol (andehit tuong ling la C„H2„0).
Khi hai andehit phan ling v6i dung dich AgNO, trong NH^: HCHO -> 4Ag HCHO -> 4Ag X mol 4x mol C„H2„0^2Ag y mol 2y mol ^ x + y = 0,06^ Taco: ^-^x = 0,05,y = 0.0Ị 4x + 2y = 0,22j ^ -> mc H,„^,oH = 2,2 - (32.0,05) = 0,60 gam. ^c„H„„oH=^ = 6 0 - ^ n = 3.
CTPT cua ancol thii hai la C,H70H (CH3CH2CH2OH).
10.18. Dap an diing la Ạ
S6' mol axeton (CH^ - CO - CH,) = — = 2,5 (mol). 58 58
So d6 p h a n ling didu ché a x e t o n :
(CH,)2CH - QH, X - i i i l ^ ^ CH3 - CO - CH, QH,OH (cumen) (axeton) (phenol) (cumen) (axeton) (phenol)
Theo so d6: s6' mol cumen = s6' mol axeton = 2,5 mol.
Vi hieu suat qua trinh di^u chd' chi dat 75% ntn khoi luong cumen
cAn dung la:
I DO
m = 2,5.120.-!^ =400 gam.
10.19. Dap an diing la B. 86' mol cac chat: 86' mol cac chat:
S6' mol h6n hop Z = =0,15 (mol).
So mol Ag = ^ = 0,2 (mol). 108
Trong h6n hop Z, axit Y la axit fomic (HCOOH) va X m axit
C.HyCOOH:
" H C O O H = ^n^g = 0,1 mol, mHcooH = 0,1.46 = 4,6 (gam).
"c^HyCooH = 0,15 - 0,1 = 0,05 (mol).
i"c,HyCOOH = 8,2 - 4,6 = 3,6 (gam).
- > M c ^ H , c o o H = ^ = 72
12x + y + 45 = 72.
Cap nghiem duy nhat phii hop la: x = 2, y = 3.
CTPT cCia X la C2H3COOH.
%mc2H,cooH =|4-^^^" = 43.90%
o,/
10.20. Dap an diing la D.
S6' mol cac chát:
nco2 = ^ = 0'4 (mol); H H ^ O = ^ = 0,4 (mol).
Nhdn xet: - X la andehit no, don chiic, mach hd C„H2nỌ
- D6't 0,2 mol h6n hop M cho 0,4 mol CO2 -> trong phan tii X va Y CO 2 nguyen tii C.