tir cacbon canh nhaụ
^ CTPT cua X la C H 3- C H ( 0 H)-CH2( 0 H ) : propan-l,2-diol. Mat khac: 2 mol X phan ling vofi 1 mol Cu(0H)2 Mat khac: 2 mol X phan ling vofi 1 mol Cu(0H)2
0,1 mol X - - - 0,05 mol Cu(OH)2
mc„(OH), = 98.0,05 = 4,9 (gam).
21.7. Dap an diing la C.
21.8. Dap an dung la B.
Hop chat 4-metyl pentan-2-ol CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH - CH,
CH3 OH
dieu ché bang phan ling c6ng H2 tiir 5 chat sau: CH, = C - CH, - CH - CH,; CH, - C = CH - CH - CH, CH, = C - CH, - CH - CH,; CH, - C = CH - CH - CH, CH3 OH CH3 OH duoc C H , - C H - CH2 - C - CH3 ; CH2 = C - C H , - C - C H , CH3 O CH3 O CH, - C = C H- C- C H 3 . I II CH3 o 21.9. Dap an dung la D. 21.10. Dap an diing la Ạ Phuong trlnh phan ling:
CH3 - CH - OH + C u O —! ^ C H 3 - C = O + Cu + H2O
CH3 CH3
22. A M I N , AMINO AXIT, PROTEIN
22.1. Dap an diing la B.
X la mot amino axit hay m6t este cua amino axit. X CO cong thiic : H 2 N - C H 2 -COOC^Hy . X CO cong thiic : H 2 N - C H 2 -COOC^Hy .
Phuong trinh phan ling :
H2N-CH2- C O O C \ H y + N a O H ^ H2N-CH2- C O O N a + C^HyOH -r U A V ' songuyentirC 3,36 . -r U A V ' songuyentirC 3,36 .
Trong phan tu X co : - — — = — - — = 3. sd'nguyentirN 0,56.2
-> Trong phan t i X c6 3 nguyen tu C (vi c6 1 nguyfin tit N) - ^ x = 1 ; y = 3. - ^ x = 1 ; y = 3.
CTCT thu gon cua X la : H2N - CH2 - COO - CH3.
22.2. Dap an dung la C.
Tit CTPT C2H« 0 3 N 2 va tinh chat cua X ta tim dugc CTCT cua X la: [ C H, - C H 2- N H 3 ] " N 0 3 [ C H, - C H 2- N H 3 ] " N 0 3
Phuong trinh phan ting v6i NaOH:
CH3CH2NH3NO3 + NaOH ^ CH3CH2NH2 + NaNOj + HjỌ (X) ' (Y) (X) ' (Y)
MY = 4 5 d v C . 22.3. Dap an diing la Ạ
0,02 mol X tac dung vdi 0,02 mol HCl -> X c6 1 nhom chiic a m i ' . 0,02 mol X tac dung v6i 0,04 mol NaOH ^ X c6 2 nhom chiic ..xit. 0,02 mol X tac dung v6i 0,04 mol NaOH ^ X c6 2 nhom chiic ..xit.
CTPT cua amino axit la : H2N-C,Hy(COOH)2. Phuong trinh phan ling cua X vdri HCl: Phuong trinh phan ling cua X vdri HCl:
H2N-C,Hy(COOH)2 + HCl ^ ClH3N-C,Hy(COOH)2 0,02 mol 0,02 mol
^ M „ . „ = 183,5
12x + y + 52,5 + 90= 183,5. Cap nghiem duy nhát phu hop la : x = 3, y = 5. Cap nghiem duy nhát phu hop la : x = 3, y = 5. C6ng thu-c phan tCr cua X la : H2N-C3H,(COOH)2. 2 2 . 4 . Dap an diing la Ạ
10 3
S6' mol QHoO,' ' ' 103 = ^ = 0,1 (mol).
C6ng thiic cáu tao cua X 1^: CH2 = CH-COO-NH3-CH3.
Phuong trmh phan irng:
CH2=CH-COÕNJT, CH3 + NaOH
CH2=CH-COONa + CH3-NH2t + H20(l)
Khi Y la CH3-NH2.
Chat tan Z la CH2=CH-COONa, c6 s6' mol ^ 0,1 mol.
Khi c6 can dung dich Z, thu ducfc mu6'i khan c6 kh6'i luong:
m = 0,1.94 = 9,4 (gam).
2 2 . 5 . Dap an dung la B.
S6 mol HCl = 0,175.2 = 0,35 mol.
Cac phuong trinh phan ling:
H2NC3H,(COOH)2 + HCl H3ClNC3Hs(COOH)2 (1)
0,15 mol 0,15 mol 0,15 mol
NaOH +HC1 ^NaCl + H20 (2)
0,2 mol 0,2 mol
H3ClNC3H,(COOH)2 + 3NaOH -> H2NC3H,(COONa)2 + NaCl + 2H2O (3) 0,15 mol 0,45 mol 0,15 mol 0,45 mol
Theo (2) va (3): S6' mol NaOH = 0,2 + 0,45 = 0,65 (mol).
2 2 . 6 . Dap an dung la C. Tijf d^ bai xac dinh dupe: Tijf d^ bai xac dinh dupe:
- Amino axit no, mach hd, c6 1 nhom NH2 va 2 nhom COOH. - Amin no, don chiic, c6 1 nhom NH2. - Amin no, don chiic, c6 1 nhom NH2.
Do do, suy ra y = 1 (1 mol N2).
Tdng s6' nguySn tur C trong amino axit va amin la 6, trong do 2 nguyen tur C 6 2 nhom chiJc axit (COOH), phSn g6'c no ciia amin va nguyen tur C 6 2 nhom chiJc axit (COOH), phSn g6'c no ciia amin va
amino axit c6 4 nguySn tit C I'mg vdi 8 nguyfin tur H.
Nhu vay s6' nguydn tur H trong amino axit vk amin la:
8 (d g6'c) + 2 (d 2 chiic axit) + 4 (d 2 chiic amin) = 14H. Do do so mol H2O tao thanh x = 7. Do do so mol H2O tao thanh x = 7.
2 2 . 7 . Dap an dung la C. 2 2 . 8 . Dap an diing la C. 2 2 . 8 . Dap an diing la C.
23. CACBOHIDRAT
2 3 . 1 . Dap an diing la B.
Phuong trinh phan ting:
CH20H[CHOH]4CHO + H2 > CH20H[CH0H], CH2OH
(glucozo: 180) (sobitol: 182) Dé CO 1,82 gam sobitol vdri hiSu suát 80% cAn: Dé CO 1,82 gam sobitol vdri hiSu suát 80% cAn:
mg,uco«, = 180.100/80 = 2,25 gam.
2 3 . 2 . Dap an diing la Ạ
X la glucozo, Y la ancol etylic va Z la axit axetic.
2 3 . 3 . Dap an dung la D. 2 3 . 4 . Dap an diing la D. 2 3 . 4 . Dap an diing la D.
Cac phuong trinh phan ung :
CgH.jO, — 2 C 2 H , O H + 2C02t (1)
CO2 + CăOH)2CaC03Nl^ + H2O (2)
Theo (1) va (2) : H C ^ H . A =^^C.CO, = f (mol).
100 mc^,H,A =0,2.180.— = 48,0 (gam). mc^,H,A =0,2.180.— = 48,0 (gam). 2 3 . 5 . Dap an diing la D. 2 3 . 6 . Dap an diing la C. 2 3 . 7 . Dap an diing la Ạ 2 3 . 8 . Dap an diing la C.
(Ban doc tu viet phuong trinh phan iJng trang bac).
2 3 . 9 . Dap an diing la D.
Ta chi cSn nhd: Saccarozo tao thanh tijr a-glucozo va fructozo la loai dupe cac dap an A, B va C. dupe cac dap an A, B va C.
2 3 . 1 0 . Dap an diing la B.
So do qua trinh di^u ché giám tir glucozo:
QH,20, 7;;J ) 2C2H,oH > 2CH3C00H
180 gam 73,6 gam
Ihuc le u i C u ^ 1 . ^ diicfc:
m' = 0,72.0,2.60 = 8,64 gam. Vay hieu suát qua trinh len men giam la: Vay hieu suát qua trinh len men giam la:
8,64.100%
h = 9,6 = 90%.
23.11. Dap an diing la B. 23.12. Dap an dung la Ạ 23.12. Dap an dung la Ạ
IỊ THEO CHirONG TRINH NANG CAO
24. TOC D O PHAN UNG, CAN BANG HOA HOC, SI/DIEN LI
24.1. Dap an uuag la Ạ 24.2. Dap an dung la C. 24.2. Dap an dung la C. -6canb^ng(l): K, = - 6 can bang (2) : K^^ = - d can bang (3) : K^^ = [HI H2][l2 HI] = 64 1/2 H , ] " ^ [ I 1/2 HI K ^ = - = 0,125. 8 24.3. Dap an dung la B.
SÓ mol H^ trong 100 ml dung dich h6n hgfp hai axit: n^. = 2.0,1.0,05 + 0,1.0,1 = 0,02 mol n^. = 2.0,1.0,05 + 0,1.0,1 = 0,02 mol S6' mol OH" trong 100 ml dung dich h6n hop bazo:
n^H^ = 0,1.0,2 + 2.0,1.0,1 = 0,04 mol. Khi tr6n I5n hai h6n hop dung dich xay ra phan tJng: Khi tr6n I5n hai h6n hop dung dich xay ra phan tJng:
H^ + OH- ^ H2O
Trong 200 ml dung dich c6 0,04 - 0,02 = 0,02 mol OH". Trong 1000 ml dung dich c6 a mol OH". Trong 1000 ml dung dich c6 a mol OH".
1000.0,02 , u„.. a = a = H* 200 10 = 0,1 mol hay 10"'. ,-14 10 -14 OH- IO -1 = 10 ,-13 -^pH= 13.
24.4. Dap an diing la B. Phuang trinh phan ling :
2H2O, > 2H,0 + 0 , t
Theo (1) : nHp^ =2nô " ^ . ^ ^ = 6,003 mol. Z Z , H Z Z , H AC(H202) = 0,003.10 = 0,03 mol// = 3.10-^ mol//. - AC 3.10"^ (1) v = t 60 = 5,0.10-'mol/(/.s). Dap an diing la D.
Cac phuang trinh phan li :
CH,COOH ^ CH3COO- + H* CH.COONa -> CH3COO- + Nâ CH.COONa -> CH3COO- + Nâ Khi can bang : [H^] = x, [CH3COO-] = (0,1 + x)
Ta c6 : K, =^ H^ CH3COO- x.(0,l + x) 0,1 = 1,75.10 ,-5
CH^COOH] Tinh dugrc x -> pH = 4,76. Tinh dugrc x -> pH = 4,76.
24.6. Dap an diing la Ạ
Phuomg trinh phan ling: N2 + 3H2 <^ 2NH3
Goi X la s6' mol Nj da phan dug. Do do, n6ng d6 cac chát khi phan úng dat can bang la: [N2] = 0,3 - x; [H2] = 0,7 - 3x; [NH3] = 2x úng dat can bang la: [N2] = 0,3 - x; [H2] = 0,7 - 3x; [NH3] = 2x C5 trang thai can bang: 0,7 - 3x = 0'3-x + 0,7-3x + 2x
2 -^x = 0,l. -^x = 0,l.
Hang s6' can bang:
K . , = - t e L[N2]-[H2f = - 0 : ^ =3,125. 0,2.0,4-^
24.7. Dap an diing la D.
Dat a va b la n6ng d6 N2O4 va NO2 cf trang thai can bang dSụ Ta c6: Kch = [NO,]^ Ta c6: Kch = [NO,]^
[N2O4] b
HSng s6 can bang khdng thay d6i n&n:
b 9b N6ng d6 NO2 tang 3 lAn. N6ng d6 NO2 tang 3 lAn.
24.8. Dap an dung la Ạ 24.9. Dap an dung la D. 24.9. Dap an dung la D.
CH,COONa la mu6'i cua axit yeu va bazcr manh, trong dung dich bi thuy phan cho m6i trucfng bazo c6 pH > 7. thuy phan cho m6i trucfng bazo c6 pH > 7.
25. ANDEHIT, XETON, AXIT CACBOXYLIC
25.1. Diip an dung la D.
Oxi hoa cumen r 6 i ché hoa bang axit H 2 S O 4 thu dugfc axeton :
( C H 3 ) 2- C H- C 6 H 5 - > C H 3- C O- C H 3 + CeHjOH
25.2. Dap an dung la C.
Y la ancol, Z la andehit trong phan tur chi c6 1 nguyfin t^ cacbon (tir CH,I) ~>
loai dap an A, B va D. Y la ancol C H 3 O H -> Z la andehit HCHỌ
25.3. Dap an dung la D.
Cdc phuang trinh phan ling :
C H 2 = C H 2 + [ 0 ] __PdQ2/CuCl2 ^ cH^cHO (1) 0,2 moi 0,2 moi
C H 3 C H O + H-CN CH3CH(CN)OH (2) ^ = 0 , l m o l 71 ^ = 0 , l m o l 71
Hieu suat cua qua trinh la : h = — .100% = 50%.
0,2
25.4. Dap an diing m D.
Este khi thuy phan trong m6i tru6ng axit cho axetandehit phai 1^ este
CO g6'c ancol kh6ng no chiia 2 nguyfin tix C. C6ng thiic D phu hop.
25.5. Dap an diing la C. 25.6. Dap an dung la D. 25.6. Dap an dung la D.
X la axit (tac dung duoc vdi Na va NaHCO,).
Y la hop cha't tap chiic, c6 m6t chiic ancol (tac dung duoc vdi Na) va
m6t chira andehit (tac dung duoc vdri AgNO, trong dung dich NH3).
chon dap an D.
25.7. Dap an diing la Ạ
Dat CTPT Chung cua 2 andehit la : C-H,-0.
n 2n G; i H 2 n O+ H , ^ C-H,-^,0 (ancol) G; i H 2 n O+ H , ^ C-H,-^,0 (ancol) = - = 0,5 mol. C-H,-0 > iiCO, ! n 2ii 2 ) 1 mol nmol 0,5 mol 0,7 mol -> n = — = 1,4. 0,5 Andehit X c6 CTPT la: HCHỌ Andehit Y c 6 CTPT la: C H 3 C H O .
Tvr hai c 6 n g thiic phan tir trfin, tinh duoc ph^n tram kh6'i lirong cua trong h6n hop. trong h6n hop.
25;8. Dap an diing la B.
Cac phuong trinh phan ling: