W dinh dugc ankan la CH4 va anken la C^Hg.
,8.19. Dap an diing la B. S6' mol cac chát: 6,72 n H 2 0 = 22,4 10,8 18 = 0,3 (mol); = 0,6 (mol). " C O , '22,4 = 0,5 (mol);
- nH2<) >nco2 Ph^* 1 hidrocacbon la hidrocacbon nọ
- D6't 0,3 mol hidrocacbon, tao thanh 0,5 mol CO2 -> s6' nguyen lit
cacbon trung binh trong phan tur hai hidrocacbon la ^ = 1,667.
8.20. Dap an diing la Ạ Phuang trinh phan urng: Phuang trinh phan urng:
C„H,„_, ^ H , > C„H,„ (1) H6n hop Y g6m C„H2„_2 va C„H2„. Nhu vay, sau (1) du C„H2n_2, nghia H6n hop Y g6m C„H2„_2 va C„H2„. Nhu vay, sau (1) du C„H2n_2, nghia
la nc >0,1 hay Mc H , < - ^ = 31,2.
Chi C O ankin C 2 H 2 ( M = 26) thoa man. 9. DAN XUAT HALOGEN, ANCOL, PHENOL 9. DAN XUAT HALOGEN, ANCOL, PHENOL 9.1. Dap an diing la D.
San pham đ't chay ancol cho H H ^ O > "CX)2 •
-> ancol no, CTPT la C n H 2 n + 2 0 x •
C n H 2 n + 2 0 x + ^ ^ ^ " y ^ O 2 nCOj + ( n + l) H 2 0( l )
n 3 =: 1 _> n = 3. Thay n = 3 vao h6 s6' cua O 2 ta c6 : n + 1 4 n + 1 4
= 1,5.3 ^ X = 1. CTPT cua X la C,H,0.
9.2. Dap an dung la B.
Goi CTPT cua ancol bac 2, no, don chiic la C„H2n+20.
rr ' 12n 68,12 _ „ ^
Ta C O : — = > n = 5. 14n + 2 + 16 100 14n + 2 + 16 100
CTPT cua ancol la C,H,20 c6 3 d6ng phan ancol bac 2 la :
C H 3 - CH(OH) - C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 3 : pentan-2-ol.
C H 3 - C H 2 - CH(OH) - C H 2 - C H 3 : pentan-3-ol.
C H 3- C H ( O H ) - C H( C H 3 ) - C H 3 : 3-metylbutan-2-ol.
9.3. Dap an diing la Ạ
no2 = If = 0-175 (mol); ncô = ^ = 0,15 (mol).
Dot chay 0,05 mol X cho 0,15 mol C O 2 Phan tii X c6 3 nguydn tir C.
X la ancol no, mach ho ndn c6 CTPT la CiH^O,. Phuang trinh phan ling : Phuang trinh phan ling :
CjHsO, + (5 - a)02 3 C O 2 + 4 H 2 O
Imol (5-a)mol 1 ^ ^ 3
0,05 mol 0,175 mol j
v a y CTPT ciia X la C^H^O, hay C3H,(OH)3^ : Glixerol.
9.4. Dap an diing la B. Phirong trinh phan litig : Phirong trinh phan litig :
C n H 2 n + 2 0 + CụO C„H2nO + Cu + H 2 O (1)
0 32
- CuO -> Cu : KhO'i luong giam 0,32 gam iic^ = ~— = 0,02 mol. 16 16 T h e o ( l ) : 0.02-(14n.l6).0,02.18^^ 3 ^ ^ ^ ^ (0,02 + 0,02).2 CTPT ciia ancol la : C 2 H 5 O H . ^ m = 0,02.46 = 0,92 (gam). 9.5. Dap an diing la B.
Dat CTPT trung binh ciia 2 ancol dan chiic, ke tifíp nhau trong day d6ng dang la C-H-OH. d6ng dang la C-H-OH.
X y
Phuang trinh phan ling :
C-HyOH + Na ^ C-H-yONa + IH 21 (1)
Phan iJng: n mol n mol n mol 9 2 9 2
Sau phan irng: 0 mol ( ^ - n ) m o l n mol
Theodgbai v a t h e o ( l ) : (12x + y + 17)n = 15,6 (I) (12x + y +39)n + ( ^ - n ) . 2 3 = 24,5 (II) (12x + y +39)n + ( ^ - n ) . 2 3 = 24,5 (II) Giai he phuang trinh (I), (II) duac n = 0,3 mol -> Mhh = = 52. -> 12x + y + 17 = 52 -> x = 2,5 ; y = 5.
CTPT ciia 2 ancol phu hop la : C 2 H 5 O H va C 3 H 7 O H .
9.6. Dap an diing la C.
Hgp chat X la ancol bac 2 c6 nh6m OH dfnh vao C s6' 2.
Ba d6ng phan anken la : •
(1) C H 3- C H = C H- C H 3 ; (2) C H 2 = C H- C H 2 - C H 3 .
Trong do (1) C O 2 đng phan hinh hoc. 9.7. Dap s6'dung la B. 9.7. Dap s6'dung la B.
Dat CTPT trung binh ciia hai ancol la: C- H 2 - ^ , C H 2 0 H .
Phuang trinh phan irng:
H6n hcrp hai Y g6m hai andehit C-H^-CHO va hai H j O , v6i s6' mol bang nhaụ Ta c6 : ^ 0.5(14n^30)^0,5.18^ ^3^^3 n = 0.5 - 2 n, = 0 - > andehit H C H O . n2 = 1 - > andehit C H . C H O .
- Goi X va y la sd mol H C H O va CH3CHO ph^n ling vdri AgNO, trong dung dich N H , . Ta c6:
n^g = 4x + 2y = 64,8 : 108 = 0,6 m o l .
- Trong h5n hap Y c6 x m o l HCHO, y m o l C H , C H O va (x + y) mol hai H2O . Do do :
_ 30x + 44y + 18(x + y ) _ 2.2(x + y)
Giai ra duac : x = y = 0,1 m o l .
Nhu vay trong h6n hop X c6 0,1 m o l CH3OH va 0,1 m o l C2H5OH.
mx = 0,1.(32 + 46) = 7,8 (gam).
9.8. Dap an dung la B.
Phirang trinh phan ling loai nude:
CH3 - C H ( C H , ) " C H ( O H)-CH3 -^^^ C H , -CCCH,) = C H - C H ,
(3-metylbutan-2 -ol) (3-metylbut-2-en)
9.9. Dap s6'dung la B.
Cac phuang trinh phan ling:
C H . O H + CuO — ^ HCHO + H2O + Cụ (1)
HCHO + 4[Ag(NH3)2]OH - > CÔt + 3U,0 + 4 A g l + 8NH3 (2) Theo ( 1 , 2 ) : so mol CH3OH = - s6' mol A g = ^ . = 0,3 (mol).
4 4 lOo Kh6'i lucmg CH3OH da phan ling la: 32.0,3 = 9,6 (gam). Hieu suat phan ling la: h = ^ .100% = 80%
9.10. C6ng thiic diing la B.
V i M x > M y - > Y la anken (kh6ng th^ la ete)
Dat CTPT ciia ancol X la C.H^Ọ Ta c6: C.H^O > C^H^.^iY).
l^^^±y±^ = 1,6428. 12x + y - 2
Cap nghiem duy nhát thich hap la: x = 2, y = 6. CTPT cua X la C 2 H, 0 (CH3 - C H j - O H )
9.11. Dap an dung la D .
D6't chay hai ancol X , Y cho s6' mol H2O = s6' m o l CO2 - > X , Y la hai ancol nọ
Cho 0,25 mol h6n hap M t^c dung vdri Na (dir), thu dirge < 0,15 mol
H2 - > X , Y la hai ancol dan chiic.
Viet phuang trinh phan ling chay cua X , Y va xac dinh dugc: - A n c o l X la C2H5OH.
- Ancol Y la C3H7OH.
9.12. Dap an dung la A .
A n c o l X chay cho so m o l H2O > so m o l CO2 - > X la ancol no da chiic C O c6ng thitc phan tur la C2H6O2.
9.13. Dap an dung la A .
CjH.sOH CH3CHO, C H 3 C O O H , H2O va C j H . O H d u (1)
C H 3 C O O H + N a H C O , - > C H 3 C 0 0 N a + C 0 2 t + H2O (2)
I Theo (1) va (2) : nc^H,0H = ncH.cooH ="00, " ^ = ^'^^S m o l . I Kh6'i lugng etanol bi o x i hoa thanh axit la : I Kh6'i lugng etanol bi o x i hoa thanh axit la :
' m = 0,025.46= 1,15 gam.
9.14. Dap an dung la D . So mol cac chat: So mol cac chat:
8 96 7 2
nco, = ^ - 0 . 4 (mol); HH^Q = ^ = 0,4 (mol). "co, = " H , O ~^ PhSn tur ete dem d6't chay cd J noi doị
CTPT cua ete do la : C„H2„0
Dd't (14n + 16) gam ete, tao ra 44n gam CO2.
D6't 7,2 gam ete, tao ra 44.0,4 gam COj. - > n = 4. Dap an D phii hap.
M5. Dap an dung la B. S6' mol cac chát:
nH,o > "co, Ancol no dan chu:c c6 c6ng thiic chung C„H2n+20.
Phuong trinh phan ling chay:
C„H2„,20 + y 0 2 ^ C 0 2 + ( n + l)H20 (1) X mol 0,17 mol X mol 0,17 mol
3n
^ = — ^ x = 0,255 mol. X 0,17 Theo dinh luM bao loan khd'i luomg: Theo dinh luM bao loan khd'i luomg:
mancoi + = mcô + mH^o niancoi = mcô + mH^o - i"o,
= 7,48 + 5,4 - 8,16 = 4,72 (gam).
9.16. Dap an dung la B.
M (C„H2„,20, C„H,0,) CO, + H 3 O
0,5 mol -> 1,5 mol 1,4 mol
Nhan xet: - Phan tir ancol X va axit Y c6 3 nguySn t& C.
.- nco, > nH,o 3xit Y la axit khong no: CTPT ciia ancol X la C^H^O va cua axit Y la C 3 H 4 O 2 . Este tao thanh la C ^ H H A (M = 114). va cua axit Y la C 3 H 4 O 2 . Este tao thanh la C ^ H H A (M = 114).
Vi s6'mol Y > s6'mol X-> S6'mol este < 0,25.
80
Do do, khd'i luong este < 0,25.114.-— = 22,8 (gam).
1 uu
-> Dap an B phii hop.
9.17. Dap an dung la D.
(1) sai vi phenol kh6ng phan iJng v6i dung dich HCl, do do kh6ng tan trong dung dich HCl. trong dung dich HCl.
9.18. Dap an diing la B. 9.19. Dap an dung la Ạ 9.19. Dap an dung la Ạ
S6' mol cac chat:
nco2 = ^ = 0'5 (mol); n^^^ = 1 ^ = 0,7 (mol).
Ancol no C-H^-^^Ox > nC02 + (n + 1) H^Ọ
J l - = °i^-^n=2,5^x = 2. n + 1 0,7
Co hai ancol: C H 2 O H - C H 2 O H va C H 2 O H - CH, - C H 2 O H
C-n^-^P^ + ^ ^ O j -> nCO, + (n + DHjO
V6i n = 2,5 ta c6: 3,25 mol 2,5 mol CO,
xmolO, 0, 5 m o l C O 2
- > X = 0,65 mol.
Vay: = 0,65.22,4 = 14,56 (lit). 9.20. Dap an diing la B. 9.20. Dap an diing la B.
46
The tich C2H,OH nguyen chat = 10.— = 4,6100 (ml).
nc2H,oH = = 0,08 (mol); B H ^ O ^ = 0>3 (mol).
^ no =--(0,08 + 0,3) = 0,19 (mol).
2 2
V„^ = 0,19.22,4 = 4,256 (lit).
10. ANDEHIT, XETON, AXIT CACBOXYLIC 10.1. Dap an diing la Ạ 10.1. Dap an diing la Ạ Khi Y g6m : 1. CHsCH AgC^CAgl : ncn^CH = ^ = ^'^^ 2. C H 2 = C H 2 CHjBr-CHjBri: ncH2=CH2 = "Brj " ] ^ (mol)-^ nH2(2) =0,1 (mol) 3. C H 3 - C H 3 2 C O 2 + 3 H 2 O : 1 1 2,24 , ncH3-CH3 = 2 "CO2 = 2 224 "
n H 2 ( 3 ) = 0,05 . 2 = 0,1 mol ; nn^oo) = 0,15 mol.
4. H2 khdng phan iJng > H2O : nH20(4) = nH2(4) " Ól S6' mol khi trong h6n hop la : 0,05+0,1+0,1+0,05+0,1+0,1 = 0,5 (mol). S6' mol khi trong h6n hop la : 0,05+0,1+0,1+0,05+0,1+0,1 = 0,5 (mol).
^ V x = 0,5 .22,4= 11,2 lit.
10.2. Dap an diing la C.
Goi CTPT cua andehit la CxHy(CHO)ạ +AgN03/NHi +AgN03/NHi
- Khi a = 1 -> CxHyCHO ^ M = ^ = 29 ^ 12x + y + 29 = 29 - Khi a = 2 ^ C^HyCCHOj -> M = = 58 12x + y + 58 = 58 - Khi a = 2 ^ C^HyCCHOj -> M = = 58 12x + y + 58 = 58
^ , ^ 1 X . A 2. 1 6 0,1
S6 mol andehit = — s6 mol Ag = = — 2a zạlOo a
2^9
0, -> CTPT cua andehit !a CHO : loaị -> CTPT cua andehit !a CHO : loaị
2,9 0,05 0,05
-> CTPT cua andehit la OHC-CHỌ
10.3. Dap an diing la D.
. . 200.22,4 m , n S6 mol axit : nc„H2„.,cooH = " N a O H = ^ Q ^ ^ Q = 0'122 (mol).
Mc„H,„„cooH= 1^ = 60 = 14n + 1 + 45 ^ n = 1.
Vay CTPT cua axit la CH3 - COOH.
10.4. Dap an dung la Ạ
Dat CTPT ciia axit dcm chiJc la : C x H y 0 2 .
Phuong trinh phan iJng chay :
C x H y 0 2 + (X + ^ - 1 ) 0 2 - > X CO2 + ^ H2O 1 mol ( x + - - l ) m o l X mol |^mol
0,1 mol a mol 0,3 mol 0,2 mol
X = 3, y = 4, a = 0,3 ^ VQ^ = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (lit).
10.5. Dap an diing la Ạ
Dat CrPT cua andehit X la C^Hy - CHỌ Cac phucmg trinh phan ling :
CxHy-CHO + A g 2 0 > C^Hy-COOH + 2Ag>l' (1)
4 H N O 3 + 3Ag -> 3AgN0., + NO t + 2 H 2 O (2)
S6 mol NO = ^ =22,4 0,1 (mol).
Theo (1) va (2) : S6' mol Ag = 3 s6' mol NO = 3.0,1 = 0,3 (mol).
]_
2
S6 mol CxHy - CHO = - s6' mol Ag = 0,15 mol.
-> Mx = = 4 4 I2x + y + 29 = 44 x = 1 , y = 3.
CTCT ciia X la CH3 - CHỌ
10.6. Dap an diing la C. 43 2 43 2
S6' mol Ag = — ~ = 0,4 mol. 108
0,1 mol andehit X +Ag;0(NH,o ^ ^ ^ _^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
hoac X la H-CHỌ
S6' mol Na = — = 0,2 (mol).
0,1 mol andehit X """^ > 0,1 mol ancol Ỵ
0,1 mol ancol Y tac dung vdti 0,2 mol Na Y c6 2 nhom OH. -> X phai la andehit hai chiic (OHC-CHO). -> X phai la andehit hai chiic (OHC-CHO).
10.7. Dap an dung la B.
Cac phuang trinh phan ling :
HCOOH + C2H5OH H^sôd ^ HCOOC2H5 + H2O (1)
C H 3 C O O H + C2H5OH H^SÔd ^ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (2)
Goi X la s6' mol HCOOH trong h6n hop X -» S6' mol C H 3 C O O H
cung la X mol.
Ta CO : (46 + 60)x = 5,3 -> x = 0,05 mol.
-> S6' mol h6n hop X la : 0,05.2 = 0,1 (mol).
SÓ mol C2H5OH = ^ =0,125 (mol) Du46 C2H-50H.
Theo (1,2) : mHcooQH, = 0'05.74 = 3,7 (gam).
mcH,cooC2H5 = 0,05.88 = 4,4 (gam).
Hieu suát phan ling dat 80% nfin : Of) Of)
m = (3,7 + 4,4).-^ = 6,48 (gam). 100
10.8. Dap an diing la D.
Axit huu CO Y CO 2 nguyen tii C va c6 2 nhom -COOH.
vay CTCT ciia axit Y la : HOOC-COOH.
10.9. Dap an diing la B. Theo 66 bai ta biét: Theo 66 bai ta biét:
- Chat Z la ancol 2 chiic (phan tir c6 2 nhom chiJc -OH). Andehit X cung c6 2 chiic (phan tit c6 2 nhom -CHO).