-> Gdc hidrocacbon cCia X c6 1 lien ket d6ị Cong thuc phan tir cua X
la QH2„.202.
Phuong trinh phan ung chay:
C„H2„_202 + ^~^0^ ^ nC02 + (n - 1)H20.
Tinh ra dugc n = 4,5: loaị
(Ddi vdi bai tap trac nghiem, khi tim dugc dap an diing, khdng c^n phai xet cac trudng hgp khac). phai xet cac trudng hgp khac).
11.22. Dap an diing la Ạ
•P' X va Y la g6'c ancol va g6'c axit trong este Z. Mu6'i chuydn thanh X thanh Y thi s6' nguyen tu C trong X va trong Y phai bang nhaụ Trong thanh Y thi s6' nguyen tu C trong X va trong Y phai bang nhaụ Trong este Z (CH3CH2COOCH3) khCng thoa man dieu kien tren.
11.23. Dap an dung la Ạ
Khd'i lugng KOH ciln dung d^ trung hoa 15 gam chat beo la:
mKOH = 15.7 = 105 9mg).
Khdi lugng NaOH ckn dung la:
105.40 ,. a = = 75 (mg) hay 0,076 gam. a = = 75 (mg) hay 0,076 gam.
56
11.24. Dap an diing la D. p Phuong trinh phan ting: p Phuong trinh phan ting:
CICH2COOC2H, + 2NaOH du — 5 % Q H p H + NaCl + HO-CHjCOONa
12. AMIN, AMINO AXIT, PROTEIN 12.1. Dap an diing la C. 12.1. Dap an diing la C.
Goi CTPT ciia amin don chiic la : C.H^N.
Phuong trinh phan ling : C.H^N + HCl -> C.HyNHCl (1) Theo (1) : S6' mol X = s6' mol HCl = 0,1.1 = 0,1 mol. Theo (1) : S6' mol X = s6' mol HCl = 0,1.1 = 0,1 mol.
_> M x = — = 3 1 1 2 x + y + 14 = 31 x = l ; y = 5. C T P T cua a m i n X la C H 5 N hay C H 3 - N H j .
12.2. Dap an d i i n g la C.
- A m i n o a x i t X + ( H C l , N a O H ) . V i d u : H j N - C H j - C O O H . - Mu6'i a m o n i cua cacboxylic. V i du : CH3 - C O O N H 4 .
C H 3 - C O O N H 4 + H C 1 C H 3- C O O H + N H 4 C I
C H 3 - C O O N H 4 + N a O H C H 3- C 0 0 N a + NH3 t + H j O - Este cua a m i n o a x i t T. V i d u : H 2 N - C H 2 - C O O C 2 H 5 . 12.3. Dap an d i i n g la C.
T i n h s6' m o l cua cac nguyfin t 6 ' :
n c o = — = 0,375 nc = 0,375 m o l . ^"2 22,4 n ^ ^ = = 0,0625 ^ n^ = 0,0625.2 = 0,125 ( m o l ) . 22,4 • n H , o = = 0'5625 ^ nH = 0,5625.2 = 1 , 1 2 5 ( m o l ) . 18 C T P T cua a m i n d a n chiic : C ^ H y N . x : y : 1 = 0 , 3 7 5 : 1 , 1 2 5 : 0 , 1 2 5 = 3 : 9 : 1.
C T P T cua a m i n dcfn chiic la : C3H9N hay C3H7NH2. 12.4. Dap an d i i n g la C.
D a t C T P T ciia a - amino axit la : H 2 N- C x H y - C O O H . Phuong t r i n h phan ling :
H 2 N- C x H y - C 0 0 H + H C 1 C I H 3 N- C ^ H y - C O O H .
1 m o l X tac d u n g vdi H C l khÓi lugng tang 36,5 gam.
a m o l X tac d u n g v d i H C l khd'i lugng tang 13,95 - 10,3 = 3,65 gam. a = 0,1 m o l -> M v = — = 103 dvC.
0,1
12x + y + 16 + 45 = 103 -> x = 3 , y = 6. C T P T cua X la : H j N - C 3 H 6 - COOH .
C T C T ciia X la : C H 3 - C H 2 - C H( N H 2) - C O O H .
12.5. Phat bieu k h 6 n g diing la C.
12.6. Dap an d i i n g la C. 3 d u n g d j c h c6 p H < 7 la: 3 d u n g d j c h c6 p H < 7 la: CfiHsNH^Cl, C1H;,N - C H j - C O O H , . HOOC - ( C H 2 )2 - C H( N H 2) - C O O H . 12.7. D a p an dung la C. Phuong t r i n h phan l i n g : H 2 N - C H 2- C O N H - C H( C H 3) - C O N H- C H 2- C O O H + 3HC1 - > 2 H 3 N - C H 2 - COOH CI + H 3 N - CH(CH3) - C O O H CI 12.8. C d n g t h i r c d i i n g l a D . M , = 8 9 ^ n , = — = 0 , l m o l . 89 n w a O H = 0,1 . 1,5 = 0,15 m o l .
Chat X phan l i n g vdi N a O H nen c6 thi la:
- A m i n o a x i t c6 C T P T la: H 2 N C H 2 C H 2 C O O H .
- Este cCia a m i n o axit c6 C T P T la: H 2 N C H 2 C O O C H 3 .
0,1 m o l X + 0,1 m o l N a O H 0,1 m o l mu6'i Ỵ Con d u 0,15 - 0,1 = 0,05 m o l N a O H my = 11,7 - (0,05.40) = 9,7 ( g a m ) . 9 J 0,1 V a y C T C T t h u ggn cua X la: H 2 N C H 2 C O O C H 3 . I 12.9. D a p an d i i n g la A .
I CH3NH2 CO t i n h bazo ( t i n h baza manh hom N H , ) .
Phuang t r i n h phan l i n g :
3 C H 3 N H 2 + 3 H 2 O + FeCl, -> Fe(0H)3>l + 3 C H 3 N H 3 C I 12.10. Dap an d i i n g la C.
TCr C T P T C2HXO3N2 va t i n h chát ciia X ta t i m dugc C T C T ciia X la:
[ C H 3- C H 2- N H 3 ] ^ N 0 3
Phuang t r i n h phan ling v 6 i N a O H :
C H 3 C H 2 N H 3 N O 3 + N a O H -> C H 3 C H 2 N H 2 + N a N 0 3 + H 2 O .
( X ) ( Y ) M y = 45 dvC.
My = ^ = 97, ling C T P T H2NCH2COONạ
12.11. Dap an diing la D.
Phirong trtnh phan urng:
C , H , N H , + H C l - > [ C , H , N H , ] c i (1)
Theo (1): S6' mol X = s6' mol HCl = ^'^^ " ^ - = 0,1 mol 36,5
5 9 -> Mx = — = 59.
0,1
12x + y + 16 = 59 ^ X = 3, y = 7. CTPT cua amin X la: C3H7NH2
Co 4 c6ng thu-c CTCT iing vdfi CTPT C3H7NH2. Do la: - CTCT cua 2 amin bac I .
- CTCT cua 1 amin bac I I . - CTCT ctia 1 amin bac I I I . (Ban doc tu viét 4 CTCT trfin).
1 2 . 1 2 . Dap an diing la D.
Dat CTPT cua amino axit X la: H j N - CJi^ - COOH.
Phuong trinh phan ling:
H2N - C,Hy - COOH + NaOH H j N - C^H^ - COONa + H^Ọ
19,4-15 , 15
n v = — = 0,2 mol ; M v = — = 7 5 .
2 3 - 1 ^ 0 , 2 16 + 12x + y + 45 = 75 ^ x = 1, y = 2.
CTCT cua X la: H2N - CH2 - COOH.
1 2 . 1 3 . Dap an dung la Ạ
1 2 . 1 4 . Dap an diing la D.
X la muÓi amoni, trong do gd'c axit c6 lifin két d6ị ^ chon dap an D: CHj = CH - COONH4 ( C ^ H A N ) .
1 2 . 1 5 . Dap an diing la D.
1 2 . 1 6 . Dap an diing la D.
C6ng thiic cáu tao ciia X va Y la: