Y la: C H 3 - C(,H4 - ONa (o/7/jo va p a r a ) .
Z la: CH3 - C6H4 - OH va para).
15.32. Dap an dung la B.
Nhung chat tac dung duac vdi Cu(OH)2 la: Glixerol, glucoza va axit fomic.
15.33. Dap s6' dung la B.
Cac phirong trinh phan ling:
C H 3 O H + CuO HCHO + H2O + Cụ (1)
HCHO + 4[Ag(NH,)2]OH C 0 2 t + BHjO + 4Ag4' + 8NH3 (2) Theo (1,2): s6' mol CH.OH = - s6' mol A g = --- . = 0,3 (mol)
4 4 11)6
Khd'i lugng C H 3 O H da phan ling la: 32.0,3 = 9,6 (gam). Hieu suát phan irng la: h = .100% = 80%.
15.34. Dap an dung la C.
Benzen khong phan ling dugc vdi nude brom.
Phenol (do anh hudng ciia nhdm - O H ) phan ling de dang vdi nude brom (thé Br vao cac vi tri ortho va para).
15.35. Dap an diing la D.
4 chat tham gia phan ting trang bac la: HCHO, HCOOH, C H 3 C H O va C,2H220|| (mantozo).
15.36. Dap an diing la D.
5 chat phan ling vdi nude brom la:
C2H2, C2H4, CH2 = CHCOOH , C6H5NH2 va C^HsOH .
15.37. Dap an dung la A .
15.38. Dap an dung la B. TO de bai ta biet: TO de bai ta biet:
X la este hai chiic -> Y la ancol hai chiJc, trong phan tir cd hai nguyen tii C -> T la andehit hai chiitc, phan tijr cd hai nguydn tir C
(dap an B).
.3*1. Dap an diing la B.
So mol cac chat:
" K O H = 0,5 . 1 = 0,5 (mol); 3.36
22,4 = 0,15 (mol).
15
Í'
15
H 6 n hop X tac dung vdi KOH X gdm 2 axit hoac 2 este hoac m6t axit va mot estẹ
Tir = 0,15 mol -> n,„,„, = 2 . 0,15 = 0,3 (mol). TiJf H K O H = 0,5 mol -> nx = 0,5 mol.
Nhu vay trong hdn hop X cd 0,3 mol este va 0,2 mol axit. -> Hdn hop X gdm mot axit va mot estẹ
.40. Dap an dung la B.
.41. Dap an diing la B. ' •
Hai chat phan ling vdi dung dich NaOH la: phenol va phenylamoni cloruạ .42. Dap sd diing la B.
Cac phuofng trinh phan irng:
C , H 6 + 4 , 5 0 2 ~> 3 C O 2 + 3 H 2 O C H 4 + 2 O 2 C O 2 + 2 H 2 O 2 C O + O2 2 C O 2
Dat x la sd mol C-^Uf, cd trong 20 ml hdn hop X
y va 2y la sd mol C H 4 va CO cd trong 20 ml hdn hop X. Tacd: x + 3 y = 20ml
Theo (1,2, 3): V„,^ = 3x + y + 2y = 3 x + 3 y = 24 (ml) Giai ha phuang trinh (1), (II) duoc x = 2, y = 6.
vay trong 20 ml hdn hop X cd 2 ml CjH^, 6 ml C H 4 va 12 ml CỌ ( I ) (2) ( 3 ) (I) (II) -A__.42. .. 22,4 -^-.16.-12-.28 22,4 22,4 20 22,4 .2 516 40 = 12,9. |15.43. Dap an dung la Ạ ^ 5 .44. Dap an diing la C. 15.45. Dap an diing la D. Sd mol KMn04 = 0,2.0,2 = 0,04 (mol).
Phuong trinh phan \mg :
Theo (1) : n c ^ H , = | n K M n O , = | . 0 , 0 4 = 0,06 (mol) -
Vc,H, = 0 , 0 6 . 2 2 , 4 = 1,344(111).
15.46. Dap an diing la D.
15.47. Dap an dung la C.
Cac phucfng trinh phan ling di^u ché:
CH3OH + CO > CH3COOH QHsOH + O, > CH3COOH
CH.CHO +-O2 > CH,COOH 15.48. Dap d n dung la C. 15.48. Dap d n dung la C.
15.49. Dap an diing la Ạ
15.50. Dap an diing la D. S6' mpl cac chat : S6' mpl cac chat :
n K O H= ^ = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ; n H ^ =1^=0,15 (mol). •Néu hai chát hiJu ca la 2 este thi = ^ n K O H : ' o ^ i -
Néu hai chát hflu ca g6m 1 este 1 axit thi H H , < ^ n K O H : loaị Néu hai chat huu ca g6m 1 este va 1 ancol thi ny^ > ^ H K O H '• Ph" Néu hai chat huu ca g6m 1 este va 1 ancol thi ny^ > ^ H K O H '• Ph" Hai chat huu ca kh6ng the la hai axit.
-> chon dap an D.
15.51. Dap an diing la C.
Hgp chát huu ca X c6 hai H linh đng: M6t H linh dOng b chiic ancol. M6t H linh dOng b chiic ancol.
Mot H linh d6ng of chiic axit.
-> X la hidroxiaxit, manh han axit H2CO,.
Dap an C: axit 3-hidroxipropanoic phu hap.
15.52. Dap an diing la Ạ
15.53. Dap an diing la Ạ
S 6 ' mol cac chát: OH^Q = ^ ^ = 0 , 0 1 9 5 (mol).
" 0 0 ^ = ^ ^ = 0,0195 (mol).
D6't chay X cho n^^o = HCQ, va X c6 phan irng v6i Cu(OH)2 trong moi trudng ki6m khi dun nong. trudng ki6m khi dun nong.
-> X phai la andehit no, dan chiic, mach h6. Chon dap an Ạ
15.54. Dap an diing la Ạ Theo di bai: Theo di bai:
a mol X phan ling v6i a mol NaOH -> Phan tijf X c6 mCt chiic axit (hoac m6t churc phenol). (hoac m6t churc phenol).
a mol X phan ling \6i Na cho a mol Hj -> Phan tit X c6 m6t chiic axit va 1 chijfc ancol. va 1 chijfc ancol.
^ X la HO-CH2-C6H4-OH (1 chiic phenol, 1 chiic ancol).
15.55. Dap an diing la D.
15.56. Dap an diing la B.
Loai ngay hai dap an C va D vi: Hai chat or dap an C kh6ng tac dung v6i Na, hai chat cf dap an D kh6ng phai la hai d6ng dang. Xet hai dap an A va Na, hai chat cf dap an D kh6ng phai la hai d6ng dang. Xet hai dap an A va B. Dap an B phii hop (theo % kh6'i luong oxi trong phan tir X va Y).
15.57. Dap an diing la Ạ
S6' mol O, = — = 0,05 ^ M v = — = 74.
- 32 0,05
D6't chay — mol X, thu duoc s6' mol CO, \dn hon = 0,03125 mol. 74 • ' 22,4 74 • ' 22,4
1 mol X, thu dugc s6' mol CO216n han 2,3 mol.
->• Phan tijr X CO 3 nguyen tu C. Ta CO CTPT cua X la C^HyO,. Ta CO CTPT cua X la C^HyO,.
; 36 + y + 1 6 a = 74.
Cap nghiem duy nha't phu hgp la : y = 6, a = 2.
CTPT cua X la C,H,02.
Hgp chat hiJu ca X tac dung dirge vdri NaOH va tac dung dugc vdri
dung dich AgNO, trong N H , -> chon dap an Ạ
15.58. Dap an diing la Ạ S6' mol cac cha't: S6' mol cac cha't:
nKOH = 0,1.0,4 = 0,04 (mol);
H6n hap X g6m m6t axit no, dan chiic mdt este no, dan churc c6 g6'c axit gid'ng nhaụ g6'c axit gid'ng nhaụ
Dat CTPT CLia axit la C„H2„02, cua este QH2,02.
nc,H,.o, na„ại =0,015 mol H.„O, = 0,04 - 0,015 = 0,025 mol. Dua vao phan ling chay va dua vao kh6'i luong san pham chay (CO2 Dua vao phan ling chay va dua vao kh6'i luong san pham chay (CO2 va H2O) la 6,82 gam, xac dinh duac n = 2, a = 4.
Cong thii-c phan tu cua axit la C H 3 C O O H , cua este la CH.COOCzH,. 15.59. Dap an diing la D. 15.59. Dap an diing la D.
Phenol (CfiH^-OH) c6 tinh axit rát yéu nen khdng phan ling v6i mu6'i
NaHCO,, chi phan ling vdfi dung dich kiem manh (NaOH): CfiH,-OH + NaOH -» C^H^-ONa + HjO CfiH,-OH + NaOH -» C^H^-ONa + HjO
Phenol d6 dang tham gia phan ling the vcri dung dich brom: C,H,-OH + 3Br2 C.HjBr^-OH + 3HBr C,H,-OH + 3Br2 C.HjBr^-OH + 3HBr 15.60. Dap an diing la D.
Dat CTPT cua hop chat X la C.HyO,. Ta c6: 12x : y : 16z = 21 : 2 : 4 X : y : z = 21 = 7 : 8 : 1 12x : y : 16z = 21 : 2 : 4 X : y : z = 21 = 7 : 8 : 1
12 16
C6ng thiic don gian nhát vk cung la c6ng thiic phan tir cua X la: CTHRỌ S6' d6ng phan cáu tao cua hop chat tham la 5 dong phan g6m: S6' d6ng phan cáu tao cua hop chat tham la 5 dong phan g6m:
CO 3 d6ng phan (ortho, met a, para)
CH2OH
va
0 ~ C H 3
15.61. Dap an diing la C.
Phan ling dieu chfí true tiép tao ra andehit axetic:
CH3CH2OH + CuO — ^ CH,CH=0 f Cu + H2O
2CH,=CH, + O, Pdcụcua, -> 2CH3CH=0
CH=CH + H2O > CH,CH=0
15.62. Dap an diing la D.
Nho tij tir den du dung dich HCl vao:
1. Dung dich NH4HCO,: Co khi bay ra (khi CO2),,
2. Dung dich NaA102: Xuát hien ke't tiia, sau ke't tua tan khi du HCl.
3. Dung dich CftH,-ONa: Phenol tach ra lam v^n due dung dich. 4. Chat long C2H5OH: Tan vao nu6e eua dung dic;h. 4. Chat long C2H5OH: Tan vao nu6e eua dung dic;h.
5. Chat long CfiHfi: Benzen kh6ng phan ling vdri dung dich HCl va kh6ng hoa tan vao nhau (tach thanh hai kh6'i chat long). kh6ng hoa tan vao nhau (tach thanh hai kh6'i chat long).
6. Chat long CfiHs-NHj: Tao muoi tan.
Sau chat khi tac dung vdí dung dich HCl cho sau hien tugng khac • nhaụ Dua v^o cac hi6n tuong do nhan biét duac sau chat (ban doc • nhaụ Dua v^o cac hi6n tuong do nhan biét duac sau chat (ban doc
viS't cac phuang trinh phan ling, neu c6). 15.63. Dap an dung la Ạ 15.63. Dap an dung la Ạ
Triolein > Tristearin > Tri(natri stearat)
+HC1 -> Axit stearic (C.^H^.COOH). 5.64. Dap an dung la D. 5.64. Dap an dung la D.
So do chuyén hoa:
C,H,(xieIopropan) ^ BrCH2-ai,-CH,Br +NaOH ^ C H 2 - C H 2 - C H 2
OH OH
!.65. Dap an diing la C.
Trong eac hop chat no cung s6' nguySn tii eacbon, hop chat chira nguySn
to a nhom lh6' c6 hoa tri cang 16n thi hop chat do c6 s6' d6ng phan cáu tao
cang nhieụ Trong cac hop chat da cho: C^H^N c6 nhieu d6ng phan cáu tao nhát (N c6 hoa tri III), rdi den C,HxO (oxi c6 hoa tri II), tiép dén tao nhát (N c6 hoa tri III), rdi den C,HxO (oxi c6 hoa tri II), tiép dén
C3H7CI (CI hoa tri I), cu6'i cung la C^H,. 1.66. Dap an diing la D. 1.66. Dap an diing la D.
Phuang trinh phan ling:
a i , - CH = C - CH2 - CH3 + HOH -> Cn, - CH2 - QOH) - CH2 CH3
C2H5
5.67. Dap an diing la Ạ