I Khi tac dung vdi 2NaOH, kh6'i lugng tang 2.22 =44 gam (2 mol Na thay the 2 mol H).
3) CH3-CH2 COOCH 3; 4) CH3-COO CH2-CH 3;
5) H - COO - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 ; 6) H - COO - CH(CH3) - CH3. 15.6. Dap an diing la B. 15.6. Dap an diing la B.
X + Na dir cho n^^ = n^-^Xc62 nguyfin tCr hidro hnh đng, tiic la c6 2 nhom - O H . X chi tac dung \di NaOH theo ti 16 1 : 1 -> X c6 1 nhom
15.7. Dap an dung la B.
, 12n 83,72 ^ „ . Ankan C„ H 2 „ , 2 co = n = 6. CTPT cua ankan la : Q H H -
CTCT phil hap cua X la :
CH3 - C H ( C H 3 ) ~ C H ( G l 3 ) - C H 3 : 2,3- dimetylbutan. 15.8. Dap an diing la Ạ
Goi CTPT trung binh cua 2 ankan la C-H2-. Cac phiromg trinh phan urng :
C-Hj-^jO " + ( n+ D H j O (2)
CO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2C03 + H2O (3)
So mol CO2 = 1/2 s6' mol NaOH = 1/2(2.0,1 - 2.0,05) = 0,05 nriol. Theo ( 2 ) : (14n + 2 + 16) gam Z taora n mol CO2 •
1,06 gam Z tao ra 0,05 mol COj . 14n + 18 n ^ - _ 9 c _v = > n = 2,J. i,06 0,05 n, = 2 - ^ a n c o l C2H5OH. = 3 -> ancol C3H7OH. 15.9. Dap an diing la Ạ
NhiJng chat tac dung v6i dung dich NaOH la :
Etyl axetat, axit acrilic, phenol, phenylaminoclorua va p- crezol (ban
doc t u viet phuong trinh phan ling). 15.10. Dap an diing la C.
35 2
D6't 0,1 mol X cho ncoj < -jr = mol
-> Phan t i i X CO 7 nguydn tCr C va m6t nhom OH phenoị Dap an C phu hgp.
15.11. Dap an dung la Ạ
Cac d6ng phan don chiic, mach hd, c6 CTPT C2H4O21^ : CH^cbOH + (Na, NaOH, NaHCOs) : 3 phan ling"]
L _> 4 phan ling.
HCOOCH3 + (NaOH) : 1 phan umgj
15.12. Ddp dung m Ạ
Khi nhiet d6 va thd tich nhir nhau thi ti 16 ap suát bang ti le mol
Nghia la theo phitang trinh phan ling :
CnH2n02 + (n + ^ - l)0, nCOj + nH2O . I + 2 ( n . | - l ) Ta CO : ^ = > n = 3. 2n4.(n + | - l ) 0'95 CTPT cua X la : C,Hfi02. 15.13. Dap an diing la Ạ Thu-tirtang t^': C2H5-0-C2H5<C2H50H<CH3COOH<C2H5COOH. 15.14. Dap an diing la C.
Hai d6ng phan ancol thom c6 CTCT :
C 6 H 5 - C H 2 - C H 2- O H ; C 6 H 5 - C H ( O H) - C H 3 .
15.15. Dap an diing la Ạ
CH3CH2COOCH - CH2kh6ng phai la d6ng dang CHj - CHCOOCH3 •
15.16. Dap an diing la Ạ
Dat CTPT cua X la C^Hy :
C^Hy + HCl CxHy+,Cl T a b l e t : - 35.5 . 45J23
12x + y + 36,5 100
Giai phuong trinh dugc : x = 3, y = 6. CTPT cua X la CjHg. 15.17. Dap an dung la D.
C o H , - ^ ^ C,H,CI ) C , H 3 0 N a - ^ > C^HsOH.
15.18. Dap an diing la Ạ
A khdng diing vi axit H2CO3 (CO2 + H2O) yéu hcfn axit C H 3 C O O H .
15.19. Dap an diing la B.
Vdri C I P T C2H7NO2 va nhihig tinh chat neu trong di bai, ta xac djnh dugc hai chát hiru co trong h6n hop X la mu6j cue axil a, Ic va axit
fomic, CO CTPT tuong ling nhu sau : CH3COONH4 vh HCOỐH,CH.v
Cac phuong trinh phan ling :
CH3COONH4 + NaOH — ^ CH3C00Na + NH3 t + H2O (1)
D u n g d i c h Y g 6 m 2 m u 6 i : CHgCOONa va HCOONa .
H6n hap k h i Z g6m: NH3, CH3 - NH2 (deu l a m x a n h giay quy tim dm).
nz = ^ = 0,2 (mol).
^ 22,4
Goi X la s6' mol NH3 s6 mol CH3 - N H j la (0,2 - x).
d^^H = iZ^iK0t2z5) = 13.75 -> X = 0,05 mol.
2.0,2
Theo (1) : mcH^coONa = 0,05.82 = 4,1 gam. Theo (2) : mHcoONa = 0,1-5.68 = 10,2 gam.
Khoi lugng mu6'i khan thu diroc la : 4,1 + 10,2 = 14,3 (gam). 1 5 . 2 0 . Dap an dung la D.
1 5 . 2 1 . Dap an diing la Ạ
Cac phucrng trinh phan ling:
C3H402(HCOOCH - C H 2 ) + NaOH ~> HCOONa + CH3CHO
(X) (Y) 2HCOONa + H2SO4 -> HCOOH + Na2S04
(Z) (T)
1 5 . 2 2 . Dap an diing la C.
Dat CT?T cua ancol X la C^HyOH. TK C6:
12x + y + 17 = 3.265.16 x = 4, y = 9. CTPT cua ancol X la C4H9OH .
LTng v6i CTFT nay c6 4 dong phan ancol: 2 ancol bac 1; 1 ancol bac 2 va 1 ancol bac 3 (Ban doc ttr viet CTCT).
1 5 . 2 3 . Dap an dung la B.
Nhung bai toan dang nhu thé nay, chi giai bang phuang phap s6' nguyen tut H trung binh la nhanh nhat va don gian nhát.
Dat CTPT trung binh cua 3 hidrocacbon la C 3 H - . T a c a : M c . „ , = 5 ^ 1 ; ^ = 2 1 , 2 - ^ y = 6,4.
So d6 phan ling d6't chay h6n hop:
C3H6,4 3CO2 + 3,2H2O
0,1 mol 0,3 mol 0,32 mol
-> mco, + niH,o = 44.0,3 + 0,32.18 = 18,96 gam.
15.24. Phat biéu dung la Ạ I 15.25. Dap an diing la Ạ
Cdc phuang trinh phan iJng:
C^Hy -CHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH
C,Hy-COONH4 + 2Agi + 3NH, + U^O ( i )
Ag + 2HN03 -> AgN03 + NO2 + H2O (2) Theo (2): S6' mol Ag = s6' mol NO, = = 0,1 mol.
22,4 Theo (1): S6' mol X = 1/2 s6' mol Ag = 0,05 mol
3,6
-> Mv = = 72 12x + y + 29 = 72 -> x = 3, y = 7. 0,05
C6ng there cua X la C3H7CHỌ ; 1 5 . 2 6 . Dap an diing la D.
^ C a c phuang trinh phan ling:
CH3COOH + N a O H -> CH3COONa + H j O C(,H50Na + H2O C f t H j O H + N a O H ^ C ^ H j C O O H + N a O H CfiHsCOONa + H , 0 (1) (2) (3) S6 mol NaOH = 0,6.0,1 = 0,06.
Theo (1,2,3): K h i phan ling xay ra da c6 0,06 mol Nâ thay thé 0,06 mol H^ . Do do khd'i lugng muoi khan la:
m = 5,48 + (23 - 1).0,06 = 6,80 (gam).
15.27. Dap an dung la C.
15.28. Dap an diing la Ạ
4 d6ng phan hidrocacbon thorn la:
3 d6ng phan CH3 - Cf,}!^ - CH3 va CfiRj - CH2 - CH3.
5 . 2 9 . Dap an diing la B.
Glixerin trioleat (C,7H3,COO)3C3H, la m6t este c6 1 n6'i d6i trong g6'c oleat nen:
- Phan ling vdi NaOH: Phan ling xa phong hoạ
- Phan ling v6i Br2: Phan ling c6ng vao nC'i d6i cf g6'c axit. 5 . 3 0 . C6ng thiic diing la Ạ
Khi thuc hien plian ling crackinh: 1 mol X -> 3 mol h6n hop Y
- ^ ' A . = 3 . 1 2 = 36 Mx = 36.2 = 72.
C„H2„,2 = 14n + 2 = 72 -> n = 5.
Vay CTPT cua X la: C5H12.
15.31. Dap an dung la D.