virtualization and when should you use it
the book of vmware - the complete guide to vmware workstation (2002)
... that you pay for or get for evaluation, but it s also where you say that if VMware Workstation malfunctions and burns down your house, it s your fault and you can’t sue anybody for it Click Yes You ll ... asks if you d like to convert old files to new ones, and it searches your system for old files if you say yes Unless you still need version 2, you should convert your files If you d like to use the ... After enabling it on your guest systems, you open up many new possibilities for interaction between your host and guest systems You aren’t limited to just sharing files; you can use any feature...
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The Duality of Memory and Communication in the Implementation of a Multiprocessor Operating System
... Berkeley UNIX system, is accessed by user programs through read and write kernel-to-user and user-to-kernel copy operations In contrast, Mach uses the bulk of its physical memory as a cache of secondary ... asks the kernel to write back modifications, but allows the kernel to continue to use the cached data The kernel uses the pager_data_write call in response, just as when it initiates a cache replacement ... capabilities The thread is the basic unit of computation It is a lightweight process operating within a task; its only physical attribute is its processing state (e.g., program counter and registers)...
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Expanding Memory and I-O
... 13.5: Wait Control Register (WCR) Wait mode select and0 1 (WMS1 and WMS0) Programmable wait mode Without using the WAIT pin, forcibly inserts the wait set by the wait count Pin wait mode Waits for ... and data pins This memory uses (8) bits per address and has a capacity of (1024) addresses Since it has 10 address pins, it has a capacity of 1024 addresses (1k) from to 1023 Eight bits are used ... reading/writing is not available externally The RD, HWR and LWR signals are not changed to low level, either Read/write signals When the data bus width is bits (RD and HWR are used): Data buses D8...
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Brain Games Memory and Deduction
... of an array and returns it Adds a value to the beginning of an array Removes the first value in an array and returns it Removes items from a location in the array and inserts new items there ... Memory and Deduction NOTE Flash insists that external sounds be in MP3 format The great thing about MP3 is that you can really control the size and quality of a file with your audio editing software ... your audio editing software So, you can create small, low-quality sounds when it is appropriate to cut down download time, or large, high-quality sounds when it is needed // load the sounds soundList...
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Tài liệu Module 9: Memory and Resource Management ppt
... temporary resource use scenario, you allocate, use, and dispose of a resource in a short period of time ! Temporary Resource Use # ! Allocate a resource, use it, and dispose of it Try and Finally void ... resources include window handles, file handles, and database connections You need implicit and explicit ways to free these resources Garbage collection provides implicit resource management of ... that you can use to improve the performance of your software In addition to optimizing garbage collection programmatically, you can use the Performance Monitor tool (Perfmon.exe) to tune your...
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Tài liệu Practical mod_perl-CHAPTER 10:Improving Performance with Shared Memory and Proper Forking pdf
... child process has to wait for it to finish, you have gained nothing You can neither wait for its completion (because you don’t have the time to) nor continue, because if you you will get yet another ... a process, you must wait( ) or waitpid( ) for it to finish If you don’t wait( ) for it, it becomes a zombie A zombie is a process that doesn’t have a parent When the child quits, it reports the ... 10-8 memuse.pl use use use use use use use 360 strict; CGI ( ); DB_File ( ); LWP::UserAgent ( ); Storable ( ); DBI ( ); GTop ( ); | Chapter 10: Improving Performance with Shared Memory and Proper...
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Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "ANAPHORA RESOLUTION: SHORT-TERM MEMORY AND FOCUSING" pptx
... n time at the 350 and 1250 msec conditions in the S+R÷ condition (i.e after the anaphor), but not in the S+Rand S-R- conditions, w h i c h are not anaphorio The use of a definite noun phrase to ... cognitive support Items in focus are items in the cache which is dynamically updated ~o contain ~he T most ~opical and the R most recen~ items in the ~ex~ Because the cache con~alns few items, ... m~y~ is used ~o store items that are not in f ~ A ~ Because the set of items is large, an informative descrlp~ion of the Item ~o be searched for is needed D~fi~i~ ~ou~ ~ h / ~ e s a/e used ~o...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Towards a Unified Approach to Memory- and Statistical-Based Machine Translation" pdf
... the greedy decoder: one used only the statistical translation model, one used the translation model and the FTMEM, and one used the translation model and the PTMEM We initially assessed how often ... simply returned and there is no further processing Otherwise, once an initial alignment is created, the greedy decoder tries to improve it, i.e., it tries to find an alignment (and implicitly a translation) ... algorithm so that it can exploit information specific both to the statistical TMEM and the translation model Our experiments show that the automatically derived translation memory can be used within...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_2 doc
... circuit [5] through the use of a library of circuits that were implemented with both long and short gate lengths A slight area penalty was incurred to make each circuit in the library footprint and ... instability (NBTI) This phenomenon is commonly associated with p-channel transistors and is caused by the movement of charge in the gate oxide and at the interface Of course in an integrated circuit, ... shows that the standard deviation for typical state of the art dimensions is quite significant, with standard deviation in the range of 30 mV–50 mV being quite feasible For a chip with many millions...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_3 doc
... design, by improving its run-time performance It is most effective when it is used in conjunction with VDD scaling Typically, body biasing is done in open-loop to calibrate circuit frequency or leakage ... constant circuit power despite scaling, increased power density by k2, and power-delay product improvement by a factor of k only In essence, the limits of a scaling process are caused by physical ... that use power management based on VDD scaling In addition to these commercial accomplishments, chip demonstrators with VDD and Vth scaling capabilities have also been reported in the literature...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_4 pptx
... perspectives of what to monitor, how to monitor, what to control, how to control, and the granularity of the control Adaptive VDD and VTH controls and cooperative control with software and operating system ... classified in terms of what is monitored, how it is monitored, what is controlled, how, and in what granularity it is controlled (Figure 3.1) As for “what is monitored”, there are two objects; ... value, between 400 and 500mV at 110°C, provides maximum frequency improvement (13%) The total switched capacitance and switching energy are 10% higher because of larger junction capacitance, larger...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_6 pdf
... Specifically, this implies that constituent devices in the bit-cell must be kept small, and, where possible, read, write, and voltage adaptability assists should employ area-efficient peripheral ... levels for correct functionality IN−NOR OUT−NAND ,V 0.15 0.1 V V OUT−NAND ,V IN−NOR 0.2 0.05 0 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 Logic failure NAND NOR 0.05 V NAND NOR 0.1 0.15 ,V IN−NAND 0.2 OUT−NOR Figure 5.3a ... back to its initial value, counteracting the effects of aging and allowing the part to remain at a constant frequency over its lifetime This allows the aging guardband to be removed and the performance...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_7 potx
... fundamental problem with charge transfer using only capacitors and switches The linear efficiency loss is similar to linear regulators However, with SC converters, it is possible to switch in different ... due to bottom-plate parasitics of on-chip capacitors and switching losses limit the efficiency of the SC DC–DC converter [26] The efficiency achievable in a switched capacitor system is in general ... choice, when the trade-offs relating to area and efficiency are considered Furthermore, the area occupied by the switched capacitor DC–DC converter is scalable with the load power demand, and hence...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_9 pot
... calibration The critical path is used because it is the benchmark of timing and is most sensitive to environmental conditions In addition to providing real-time timing analysis, critical path monitors are ... sensitivity with increasing clock frequency There are three distinct slopes due to the wire, gate, and pass-gate sensitivities to voltage, however; the NAND and NOR gates seem to be no more sensitive ... location of critical path monitors Chapter Sensors for Critical Path Monitoring 149 7.3.1 Process Variation Random, uncorrelated variations [1] cause two transistors carefully matched and sitting next...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_12 ppt
... σ WID ( ) random variables with probability density function (PDF) fWID(t) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) FWID(t) The effect of random within-die variability on a circuit block’s ... variability-aware frequency scaling using the FI partitioning addresses two sources of variability First, it reduces the impact of random within-die process variability As noted above, the probability ... resistance and capacitance of a wire of length L into a single resistance L × Rwire and a single capacitance L × Cwire, where Rwire and Cwire represent the resistance and capacitance of a wire of unit...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_13 pdf
... densities across the chip It will soon be the case that such variations can no longer be handled below the microarchitecture level and abstracted away, and the benefits from creating a variability-tolerant ... which is critical to the performance and causes it to be clocked at a lower speed One solution is to use some control scheme similar to those used for DVFS to decide whether a domain should actually ... can be used to address both process and thermal variabilities Chapter Variability-Aware Frequency Scaling in Multi-Clock Processors 225 The effects of random within-die process variability will...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_14 pptx
... introduced in [17] and described in Chapter 6, remains a common approach In addition to its widespread use, the butterfly curve can conveniently offer intuitive insight into a cell’s sensitivity to various ... Dynamic and Adaptive Techniques in SRAM Design n_arvdd n_Bit WL n_#Bit n+1_Bit 253 downvdd n+1_arvdd n+1_#Bit 2nd Metal 4th Metal WL WE[n] P-Tr[n] N-Tr[n] WE[n+1] N-Tr[n+1] P-Tr[n+1] Capacitive Write ... write and standby operations to achieve power savings, and connect the SL to VSS only during read operations when the extra stability margin is needed The drawback to this variation is the additional...
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Adaptive Techniques for Dynamic Processor Optimization Theory and Practice by Alice Wang and Samuel Naffziger_17 pot
... standpoint, both analog and architectural designs require similarly sized guard-bands (Adaptive Op Point, Figure 12.18) to guarantee power stays within limits Because of issues in testing and ... airflow, and even the leakage of the processor itself changes with aging Thus, it is exceedingly difficult to make a processor that behaves identically from run-to-run and part-to-part throughout its ... level based on the operands or the specific data being manipulated, as this requires too deep a penetration of the architectural monitors Determinism and repeatability give architectural power estimates...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article APRON: A Cellular Processor Array Simulation and Hardware Design Tool" doc
... can be given to other users who wish to develop algorithms for that platform By using a stand-alone compiler, a variety of popular source editing tools can be used, and user-friendly attributes ... with the Vision System description previously, an imaging device can be used as input The performance of the model varies with the array size and the type of algorithm executing (timing and iteration ... APRON-defined bit stream (ICWs)-low-level User-defined translation rules User-defined bit stream (ICWs) User output APRON simulator APRON hardware APRON software User-defined plug-in interface User simulator...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article A CNN-Specific Integrated Processor Suleyman Malki and Lambert Spaanenburg (EURASIP Member)" potx
... transferring the data between the nodes are circuit switching [15] and packet switching [16] In our first attempt, called Caballero [7], circuit switching is used and it is studied how the data transfers ... for the cell itself and for its upper and lower neighbors are stored in each node A direct connection with the left and right nodes completes the communication between a node and its neighborhood ... scaled arithmetic and therefore allows a large dynamic range with limited precision It appears that the two architectural varieties differ mostly in the balance between wiring and logic, and are...
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