... various transforminggrowth factor (TGF)-beta signaling Staining ofin cartilage molecules in cartilage Paraffin sections of knee joints of young and old mice were stained with antibodies against ... The intensity of the staining was not taken into account as no obvious differences were observed in staining intensities in the different experimental groups: young/old or -IL-1/+IL-1 The obtained ... against Smad2 , Smad3 , Smad4 , Smad6 or Smad7 Subsequently, the number of cells staining positive were scored with a computerized imaging system and corrected for the total number of cells (a) In...
... steatohepatitis; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CRP, C reactive protein; TGF-β1, transforminggrowth factor beta1; BMI, body mass index; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index * P < 0.001, ... TGF-β1 and ferritin TGF-β1, transforminggrowth factor-beta1 To let us get down to the grassroots of the FL benignity from the beginning we should relay on longitudinal observations lasting several ... insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man Diabetologia 1985, 28:412-9 Forsberg L, Halldin J, Ekman S, Rönnberg S: Screening of binge...
... Research & Therapy Vol No Reddi R-Smads and the C -Smad have a highly conserved Mad homology domains (MH in the amino terminus and MH in the carboxy terminus) References Binding of the TGF-β isoforms ... proteins to body morphogenetic proteins Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2005, 16: 249-250 Lories RJU, Luyten FP: Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in joint homeostasis and disease Cytokine Growth ... transforminggrowth factor-beta signaling in cartilage of old mice: role in impaired repair capacity Arthritis Res Ther 2005, 7:R1338-R1347 β ten Dijike P, Hill CS: New insights into TGF-β Smad signaling...
... nuceloporins A lysine-rich nuclear localization signal (NLS) located in the N-terminal Mad homology domain of all Smads binds to importin-b in the case of Smad3 and importin-a in the case of Smad4 , ... trafficking through the nuclear pores and Smad trafficking inside the nucleus Smad trafficking in the cytoplasm When Smad2 moves inside the cytoplasm it associates with the motor protein kinesin-1 ... Furthermore, Smad2 and Smad4 proteins fused to fluorescent protein fragments fluoresce only when a Smad2 Smad2 homo-oligomer, Smad4 Smad4 homo-oligomer or Smad2 Smad4 hetero-oligomer forms inside the living...
... dual tyrosine/ threonine kinases responsive to pro -in ammatory cytokines and environmental stress [24] However, there is increasing evidence that the p38MAPK pathways are involved in important ... was routinely performed Fig NO• inhibits DNA synthesis by a cGMP-independent mechanism Incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine into DNA was determined as described in Experimental procedures in confluent ... appropriate periods of time The intensities of the phosphotyrosine-containing protein bands of interest were quantified with a computer-assisted scanning densitometer using the NIH Image 1.59 program...
... the cytokines involved in the induction of FXR1 remain uncharacterized The regulation by the anti -in ammatory cytokine transforminggrowth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-a ... example, in the stabilization of chemokine mRNA TGF-b1 opposes LPS-induced chemokine stabilization by inhibiting p38 MAPK [33] To determine whether this signalling pathway was involved in FXR1 induction, ... lead to increased TNF-a protein production as measured by ELISA and intracellular staining (Fig S1A–C) Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) can induce FXR1 production in LPS-treated...
... human hepatocarcinoma line HepG2 was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, mg:mL21 L -glutamine, and 0.15% NaHCO3 Cells were maintained under ... mM NaPi, mM spermidine, and mg poly(dI:dC) Where indicated, pmol unlabelled probe was included in the binding reaction Binding was performed for 15 min, at this point mL anti- (Smad- 2-, 3-, or 4) ... a Smad binding element (SBE) in the JunB promoter that acts as a transforminggrowth factor-beta, activin, and bone morphogenetic proteininducible enhancer J Biol Chem 273, 21145–21152 17 Vindevoghel,...
... Measuring TGF- Growth 1 In Vitro Assays for Measuring TGFGrowth Stimulation and Inhibition Maryanne Edens and Edward B Leof Introduction Transforminggrowth factors (TGFs) were initially ... Danielpour Introduction 1.1 Iodination of TGFRadioiodinated transforminggrowth factors (TGF- s) are critical reagents for functional studies on TGF- ligand–receptor binding (1–5), TGF- –binding protein ... M., and Moses, H L (1990) TGF-beta inhibition of c-myc transcription and growthin keratinocytes is abrogated by viral transforming proteins with pRB binding domains Cell 6, 777–785 25 Shipley,...
... (IGF1R): Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 receptor; (IGFBP-3): Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3; (IGFBP-4): Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding; Protein-4; (MAPK): Mitogen-activated protein kinase; ... the insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and the IGFBP proteases in modulating IGF action Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1996, 25(3):591-614 Rajaram S, Baylink DJ, Mohan S: Insulin-like growth ... Relationships between plasma insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and second breast cancer risk in a prevention trial of fenretinide Clin Cancer Res 2003, 9(13):4722-9...
... data, including PT-international normalized ratio (PT-INR), T-Bil, serum albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and a-fetoprotein (AFP), were examined before plasma exchange or rh-HGF administration ... infusion and renal toxicity induced by repeated rh-HGF dosing, including an increase in urinary excretion of albumin, were potential adverse events in a human study In the phase I/II study of ... ends of rh-HGF administration (day 14) and the observation period (day 28) to evaluate renal involvement, including serum creatinine and histological findings A phase I/II clinical trial for patients...