... tôi làm khiến anh tin như vậy” Cho và nhận thôngtinphảnhồi Cho và nhận thôngtinphảnhồilà một phần quan trọng trong công tác huấn luyện và giám sát nói chung. Việc cho và nhận phảnhồi ... phảnhồi có tính chất hai chiều, nên bạn phải cởi mở đón nhận ý kiến phảnhồi cũng như sẵn sàng đưa ra phản hồi. Không có phảnhồi từ người khác sẽ không thể có giao tiếp. Và không có giao tiếp ... chứ” mà hãy nói: “Tôi đã nói gì hoặc làm gì khiến anh nghĩ là tôi không quan tâm đến kế hoạch của anh vậy?”. Điều đó cũng tương tự trong trường hợp ý kiến phản hồi tích cực. Nếu cấp dưới nói...
... các tiêu chuẩn THCV là: với các tiêu chuẩn THCV là: Tiêu chuẩn phải cho thấy những gì ngời lao động cần làm trong công việc và cần phải làm tốt đến mức nào? Tiêu chuẩn phải phản ánh đợc một cách ... xuất đà không làm công việc này vì vậy phòng đà không đạt đợc hiệu quả ĐGTHCV.3. Thôngtinphảnhồi đối với ngời lao động và bộ phận quản lý nguồn nhân lực:Việc này đợc thực hiện thông qua một ... tại: Hùng phải xác định đợc tiêu thức ĐGTHCV của phòng là gì? : căn cứ vào hiệu quả THCV (chất lợng sản phẩm mà họ làm ra), thái độ làm việc, tinh thần hợp tác Đánh giá sự THCV của nhân viên theo...
... alleviated by adoptingdispersion-shifted or dispersion-flattened fibre [15,16]. Alternatively, semiconductor lasersoscillating in single longitudinal modes were developed [17,18]. By limiting the spread ... possible FP mode in these grating structures, it isquite usual to have anti-reflective coatings on the laser facets of DFB and DBR lasers.The working principle of a uniform-grating DFB laser with perfectly ... issue confronting users ofsemiconductor lasers in coherent optical communication. Due to the dispersive nature of theoptical fibres used, digital pulses are broadened whilst propagating along...
... second-order corrugation is used.However, the design of the second-order grating requires a precise control of the gratingparameters. It is shown in the contour map that certain corrugation shapes ... The range of accuracy is extended byadopting a parabolic model [9] such thatgpeak¼ aN2þ bN þ c ð2:52Þwhere a, b and c are constants determined by fitting the available exact solutions using ... DIODESwhereuðÞ¼1;>00;<0&ð2:131Þis the unit step function in . By equating eqn (2.120) with (2.130) and setting p ¼ 0, one canexpress the harmonic Fourier coefficient asAq¼0¼ A0¼...
... equationwithin a reasonable range of error. Starting with different initial guesses of ð; Þini, otheroscillating modes can be determined in a similar way. By collecting all ð0;0Þ pairs thatsatisfy ... particular section. Since the discontinuity caused bythe phase slip is assumed to be very small, the waves in the two sections can be considered tobe continuous at z ¼ 0. In other words,Rð1Þðz ... iteration continues. At the end of the first iteration, a newpair of ð0;0Þ will be generated and checked to see if it satisfies the threshold equation. Theiteration will continue until the...
... the–continuous change in laser cavitycorrugation periodTapered corrugation large number – varies along the–continuous change in laser cavitycorrugation depth gN-layer surface emitting N ... matching approach, the TMM is more robust and flexible. By convertingthe coupled wave equations into a matrix equation, the wave propagating characteristics ofthe corrugated DFB section can be represented ... transfer matrices. The differences between them arealso listed.When the grating height g reduces to zero and the grating period approaches infinity, thefeedback caused by the presence of corrugations...
... the PSP shifts, there is a continuous change in the resonant cavityformed by the DFB laser such that the actual lasing mode may alter. At ¼ 0:77, it isinteresting to see how all L values converge ... where the place of corrugationchange coincides with the position of phase shift, it is interesting to show how ÁL drops toa local minimum.Figure 5.25 shows the dependence of the flatness upon ... DCC becomes less efficient. As far assingle-mode stability is concerned, trade-offs exist in selecting the optimum position ofcorrugation change and the coupling ratio.5.4.3 Optimisation of the...
... coefficient ¼ 4  103mÀ1Cavity length L ¼ 500 mmOptical confinement factor À ¼ 0:35Grating period à ¼ 227:039 nmGrating phase at the left facet in radBragg wavelength !B¼ 2Ã=n0¼ 1:55 mmThreshold ... refractiveindex at threshold can be found to benth¼ niniþ À@n@NNthð6:18ÞBy substituting ¼ thin eqn (6.5) at the threshold condition, the threshold wavelength !thcan be obtained!th¼2p!Bnthþ ... the 3PS laser structure, a longitudinal variation ofthe coupling coefficient is introduced. Discontinuities associated with both the phase shiftand the corrugation change enhance the spontaneous...
... parameters used are listed in the inset. As with the QWS laser structure, distinctpeaks which correspond to different oscillating modes are observed along the spectrum.When the biasing current increases, ... ÁNNbecomesinfluential.By adopting a longitudinally dependent coupling coefficient , the gain margin and thefield uniformity of the DCC þ QWS DFB LD are improved. Continuous tuning as far as0.16 ... is assumed for a 500 mm length cavity.For each oscillating mode shown in Fig. 7.2, the cross and the black circle correspond to theoscillating mode at threshold and at 5Ith, respectively. When...
... element in the connecting matrix is unity only if a connection allows apulse to travel from port i of node m to port j of node n. In the example given in Fig. 8.3, theconnecting matrix C may be ... andterminal loads. The voltage pulses then enter the phase stubs to be delayed before theycontinue propagating along the main transmission line. The three-port circulator at the leftfacet (section ... pulses are synchronised.8.3 SCATTERING AND CONNECTING MATRICESThe most basic algorithm of TLM involves two main processes: scattering and connecting.When the incident voltage pulses, Vi, arrive...
... grating modulation. This can be decomposed into a number ofsinusoidal gratings at harmonics of the grating period by Fourier techniques. One of theseharmonics models the real device’s grating ... period of the DFB grating on thereal device, the number of sections and hence the computational task would be excessive.However, it is possible to represent an odd number of grating periods with ... example, the coupling of each period of the square grating has to beincreased by a factor of five over the coupling of the real laser’s grating to compensate. Asimpler and much neater rule is...
... PÁERzÀÀÁESzÀÀÁ"#ð10:42Þwhere Pis the phase discontinuity matrix, which causes the complex electric field delayof at z ¼ z. By applying the phase discontinuity to eqn (10.26) and following the stepsbelow ... equations are also discussed in detail. By converting thecoupled wave equations into a matrix equation, these transfer matrices can represent thewave propagating characteristics of DFB structures. Therefore, ... replacing one or both of thediscrete laser mirrors with a passive grating reflector as shown in Fig. 10.21. By definition,the grating reflectors are formed along a passive waveguide section, so one...